CN110790610A - Special basal application set fertilizer for fruit trees - Google Patents
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- CN110790610A CN110790610A CN201911203732.XA CN201911203732A CN110790610A CN 110790610 A CN110790610 A CN 110790610A CN 201911203732 A CN201911203732 A CN 201911203732A CN 110790610 A CN110790610 A CN 110790610A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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Abstract
The invention relates to a special basal application set meal fertilizer for fruit trees, which consists of organic-inorganic composite functional particles and a special basal application nutrition particle fertilizer for fruit trees. The organic-inorganic composite functional particles are prepared by mixing and granulating fermented and decomposed plant source organic substances, fulvic acid, amino acid, urea, diammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate and a composite microbial agent. The special basal application nutrition granular fertilizer for the fruit trees is prepared by uniformly mixing and granulating urea, ammonium polyphosphate, potassium nitrate, potassium sulfate, humic acid, magnesium sulfate, borax, copper sulfate, ammonium molybdate and a nitrogen slow release additive. The organic-inorganic composite functional particles and the special base fertilizer for fruit trees are matched according to the proportion of 1: 1 for use, the organic and inorganic nutrients are combined, the nutrients are comprehensive and balanced, the fertilizer effect period is long, the soil can be improved, the nutritional requirements of various fruit trees can be met, compared with the conventional fertilizer application, the fertilizer effect is better, the additional fertilizer is less at the later stage of the fruit trees, the labor and the fertilizer consumption are greatly saved, and the special base fertilizer for fruit trees has the advantages of fertilizer saving, efficiency improvement, safety, environmental protection and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a special basal application package fertilizer for fruit trees.
Background
The traditional compound fertilizer is applied excessively and blindly, has various defects, not only increases the agricultural production cost, but also causes the problems of resource waste, unbalanced soil nutrition, soil hardening and soil acidification of cultivated land and the like. Firstly, the traditional compound fertilizer generally only contains nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients, has unscientific nutrient content, and can not meet the requirement of crops on nutrition, particularly, medium trace elements are lack, and nutrients can not be supplemented in a targeted manner; secondly, the nutrients of the traditional compound fertilizer are quick-acting, are easy to run off in the early stage, are insufficient in the later stage, the requirement of crops on the nutrients in the later stage of growth cannot be guaranteed, and the seasonal utilization rate of the fertilizer is less than 40%. Regarding the fruit tree fertilization mode, the traditional fruit tree fertilization method has the characteristics of low fertilizer utilization rate, multiple fertilization times, large fertilization workload and the like, and greatly limits the economic benefit of fruit tree production.
In order to promote agriculture to change modes and adjust structures, the method conforms to the agricultural development trend, and great changes also occur in the selection and the method for fruit tree fertilization. Firstly, applying more organic fertilizers to fully improve the soil; secondly, the proportion of inorganic nutrients is reasonably matched according to the requirement rule of the fruit trees for nutrition, other medium and micro nutrients required by the growth of the fruit trees are added, and meanwhile, the fruit trees contain rich organic matters, active microorganisms and the like, so that the effects of improving soil, comprehensively supplementing nutrients, promoting the development of root systems and allocating nutrition are really achieved.
At present, the related package fertilizers special for fruit trees in the market are many, package fertilization modes are accepted by more and more planters, the fertilization modes are reasonable, and economic benefits are high. For example, 109111288A discloses a special set of fertilizer for citrus, which comprises the following components according to the fertilizer requirement rule of citrus: the fertilizer comprises autumn and winter fertilizers, spring fertilizers, fruit stabilizing fertilizers and fruit strengthening fertilizers, and various fertilizers are obtained by mixing nitrogen fertilizers, phosphate fertilizers, potassium fertilizers, calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, borax, zinc heptahydrate, silicon fertilizers, humic acids and fillers which cannot get rid of. Wherein the nitrogen fertilizer and the phosphate fertilizer exist in different forms. The set of fertilizer can improve the yield and variety of oranges and tangerines while comprehensively supplementing nutrition, and effectively solve the problem of soil acidification, but the set of fertilizer is only applied to one kind of citrus trees, and has limitation. CN 109134160A discloses a special fertilizer for fruit trees, which is prepared by uniformly mixing chicken manure, bean dregs, wood dust powder, humic acid and furfural dregs, then crushing and sieving, adding a microbial agent, uniformly mixing, putting into a fermentation tank for fermentation, naturally cooling, uniformly mixing with phosphorus pentoxide, potassium oxide and urea, and then granulating by a granulator. The fertilizer provides less mineral nutrients, especially less medium and trace elements.
The fertilizers are all fertilizers used in a single proportion.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide the special basal application package fertilizer for fruit trees, which combines organic and inorganic nutrients, improves soil and has comprehensive and balanced nutrients, long fertilizer efficiency period and high utilization rate and can meet the requirements of various fruit trees on the nutrients.
The base application package fertilizer special for the fruit trees is a package fertilizer which is prepared by matching organic-inorganic composite particles and the base application particle fertilizer special for the fruit trees according to the mass ratio of 1: 1;
the organic-inorganic composite functional particles are prepared by uniformly mixing 36 parts by weight of plant source organic substances, 15 parts by weight of fulvic acid, 6 parts by weight of amino acid, 18 parts by weight of urea, 10 parts by weight of diammonium phosphate, 12 parts by weight of potassium sulfate and 3 parts by weight of composite microbial agent, and granulating by a granulator;
the botanical organic substance is prepared by mixing bean pulp, bran coat and yeast fermentation liquor according to the mass ratio of 0.6:1:0.4, stacking for 10-15 days, then adding bacillus megaterium according to the proportion of 0.2% of the mass of the material, fully stirring the material, placing the material in a fermentation tank, fermenting for 10-12 days at 40-50 ℃, and crushing the material;
the compound microbial agent is a mixed microbial agent of bacillus subtilis, bacillus mucilaginosus and azotobacter chroococcum according to the mass ratio of 1: 1;
the special basal application nutrition granular fertilizer for fruit trees is prepared by uniformly mixing 20-30 parts by weight of urea, 15-20 parts by weight of ammonium polyphosphate, 10-15 parts by weight of potassium nitrate, 20-30 parts by weight of potassium sulfate, 3-5 parts by weight of humic acid, 3-6 parts by weight of magnesium sulfate, 2-5 parts by weight of borax, 1-3 parts by weight of copper sulfate, 0.3-0.6 part by weight of ammonium molybdate and 0.2-0.6 part by weight of nitrogen slow release additive, and granulating by a granulator:
the nitrogen slow-release additive is a mixture of a urease inhibitor and a digestion inhibitor in a mass ratio of 1-2: 2.
The organic-inorganic composite particles are matched with the special basal application granular fertilizer for fruit trees, the organic-inorganic composite functional particles contain a large amount of organic matters and sufficient inorganic nutrients, and contain sufficient medium and trace nutrient elements and other functional factors, so that the nutrition supplement has the effect of improving the soil, and the growth of root systems and the absorption of nutrients are promoted; meanwhile, the special basal application nutrient granular fertilizer for the fruit trees has a slow release technology, the utilization rate of the fertilizer is greatly improved, the frequency of topdressing can be reduced, the labor cost is saved, and the economic benefit of the fruit trees is improved.
The fertilizer contains rich organic substances, sufficient inorganic nutrients and various active microorganisms, and has the effects of improving loose soil, promoting root growth, improving fertilizer utilization rate and the like. Can provide the required microelements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, boron, zinc and the like for the growth of fruit trees, and has comprehensive nutrition; the nitrogen fertilizer can be stable and long-acting, has long-lasting fertilizer effect and high utilization rate; the added active organic substances and functional components promote root growth, effectively ensure flower and fruit retention of fruit trees in the early stage, and improve yield and quality. Compared with the conventional fertilization, the fertilizer is only used once in one season, and the labor is greatly saved.
The invention is suitable for various fruit trees, such as oranges, apples, grapes, grapefruits, kiwi fruits, cherries, peach trees and the like, and is widely applied as a base fertilizer.
Detailed Description
The invention consists of organic-inorganic composite functional particles and special basal application nutrition granular fertilizer for fruit trees. The organic-inorganic composite functional particles are prepared by mixing and granulating fermented and decomposed plant sources, fulvic acid, amino acid urea, diammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate and a composite microbial agent.
The organic matter content in the organic-inorganic composite functional particles reaches 25%, and the total nutrient of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium reaches 20%.
The nitrogen slow-release additive is a mixture of a urease inhibitor and a digestion inhibitor in a mass ratio of 1-2: 2. The preferable nitrogen slow-release additive is a mixture of urease inhibitor and digestion inhibitor according to the mass ratio of 1: 2
The technical solution of the invention is further explained below with reference to specific implementations:
example 1, a set of organic-inorganic composite particles and a base fertilizer special for fruit trees are matched according to the mass ratio of 1: 1 for use;
the organic-inorganic composite functional particles are prepared by uniformly mixing 36 parts by weight of plant source organic substances, 15 parts by weight of fulvic acid, 6 parts by weight of amino acid, 18 parts by weight of urea, 10 parts by weight of diammonium phosphate, 12 parts by weight of potassium sulfate and 3 parts by weight of composite microbial agent, and granulating by a granulator. The organic matter content of the organic-inorganic composite functional particles reaches 25 percent, and the total nutrient of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium reaches 20 percent.
The botanical organic substance is prepared by mixing bean pulp, bran coat and yeast fermentation liquor according to the mass ratio of 0.6:1:0.4, stacking for 10-15 days, then adding bacillus megaterium according to the proportion of 0.2% of the mass of the material, fully stirring the material, placing the material in a fermentation tank, fermenting for 10-12 days at 40-50 ℃, and crushing the material;
the compound microbial agent is a mixed microbial agent of bacillus subtilis, bacillus mucilaginosus and azotobacter chroococcum according to the mass ratio of 1: 1.
The special basal application nutrition granular fertilizer for the fruit trees is prepared by uniformly mixing 30 parts by weight of urea, 15 parts by weight of ammonium polyphosphate, 15 parts by weight of potassium nitrate, 25 parts by weight of potassium sulfate, 3 parts by weight of humic acid, 5 parts by weight of magnesium sulfate, 5 parts by weight of borax, 1 part by weight of copper sulfate, 0.5 part by weight of ammonium molybdate and 0.5 part by weight of a nitrogen slow release additive, and granulating by a granulator.
The nitrogen slow-release additive is a mixture of a urease inhibitor and a digestion inhibitor according to the mass ratio of 1: 2.
The using amount is adjusted according to the age of the fruit tree, 1-4kg of the fruit tree is recommended to be used as a base fertilizer for the fruit tree, and the base fertilizer is applied at one time.
Example 2, the same as example 1, except that,
the special basal application nutrition granular fertilizer for the fruit trees is prepared by uniformly mixing 25 parts by weight of urea, 15 parts by weight of ammonium polyphosphate, 15 parts by weight of potassium nitrate, 30 parts by weight of potassium sulfate, 3 parts by weight of humic acid, 4 parts by weight of magnesium sulfate, 5 parts by weight of borax, 2 parts by weight of copper sulfate, 0.6 part by weight of ammonium molybdate and 0.4 part by weight of a nitrogen slow release additive, and granulating by a granulator.
Example 3, the same as example 1, except that,
the special basal application nutrition granular fertilizer for the fruit trees is prepared by uniformly mixing 30 parts by weight of urea, 20 parts by weight of ammonium polyphosphate, 10 parts by weight of potassium nitrate, 25 parts by weight of potassium sulfate, 5 parts by weight of humic acid, 6 parts by weight of magnesium sulfate, 2 parts by weight of borax, 1.5 parts by weight of copper sulfate, 0.3 part by weight of ammonium molybdate and 0.2 part by weight of a nitrogen slow-release additive, and granulating by a granulator.
Example 4, the same as example 1, except that,
the special basal application nutrition granular fertilizer for the fruit trees is prepared by uniformly mixing 20 parts by weight of urea, 20 parts by weight of ammonium polyphosphate, 14 parts by weight of potassium nitrate, 30 parts by weight of potassium sulfate, 5 parts by weight of humic acid, 3 parts by weight of magnesium sulfate, 4.8 parts by weight of borax, 3 parts by weight of copper sulfate, 0.6 part by weight of ammonium molybdate and 0.6 part by weight of a nitrogen slow-release additive, and granulating by a granulator.
The nitrogen slow-release additive is a mixture of urease inhibitor and digestion inhibitor according to the mass ratio of 1: 1.
Example 5, the same as example 1, except that,
the special basal application nutrition granular fertilizer for the fruit trees is prepared by uniformly mixing 26 parts by weight of urea, 20 parts by weight of ammonium polyphosphate, 15 parts by weight of potassium nitrate, 20 parts by weight of potassium sulfate, 5 parts by weight of humic acid, 6 parts by weight of magnesium sulfate, 4 parts by weight of borax, 3 parts by weight of copper sulfate, 0.4 part by weight of ammonium molybdate and 0.6 part by weight of a nitrogen slow release additive, and granulating by a granulator.
The nitrogen slow-release additive is a mixture of a urease inhibitor and a digestion inhibitor according to the mass ratio of 1: 2.
The applicant makes a comparison test of the base application field of citrus and apple with the base application set meal fertilizer special for fruit trees in example 5, and the specific test is as follows:
test materials: citrus (Robertson navel orange)
Test site: china agriculture university in Wuhan city, Hubei province
The test method comprises the following steps: the test is provided with 3 groups in total, each group is provided with 3 times of repetition, the cells are randomly arranged, and the test interval and the periphery are provided with protection rows.
Experimental groups: each fruit tree is applied with 6 jin of the special base fertilizer for fruit trees in the embodiment 5, and other fertilizers are not applied in the later period.
Control group 1: the same as example 5 is applied to each fruit tree base application granular fertilizer, but 6 jin of fruit tree base application packaged fertilizer is matched with the organic-inorganic composite granules and the fruit tree base application granular fertilizer according to the mass ratio of 2: 1, and other fertilizers are not applied in the later period.
Control group 2: 10 jin of commercial organic fertilizer and 4 jin of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer of a certain brand are applied to each plant as base fertilizer, and after the later period, the additional fertilizer is applied twice, 1 jin of urea in the germination period and 1 jin of compound fertilizer in the fruit expansion period.
After fertilization, other management measures are the same among all communities. And selecting 6 citrus trees with the same tree vigor in each group to pick all fruits, and counting relevant data. The data of the control group and the test group are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 Citrus biological trait data and mature period yield for each treatment
Test materials: red Fuji
Test site: shaanxi Chengcheng Wangzhuangzhen apple planting base
The test method comprises the following steps: the test is provided with 3 groups in total, each group is provided with 3 times of repetition, the cells are randomly arranged, and the test interval and the periphery are provided with protection rows.
Experimental groups: each fruit tree is applied with 6 jin of the special base fertilizer for fruit trees in the embodiment 5, and other fertilizers are not applied in the later period.
Control group 1: the same as example 5 is applied to each fruit tree base application granular fertilizer, but 6 jin of fruit tree base application packaged fertilizer is matched with the organic-inorganic composite granules and the fruit tree base application granular fertilizer according to the mass ratio of 1: 2, and other fertilizers are not applied in the later period.
Control group 2: 10 jin of commercial organic fertilizer and 4 jin of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer of a certain brand are applied to each plant as base fertilizer, and after the later period, the additional fertilizer is applied twice, 1 jin of urea in the germination period and 1 jin of compound fertilizer in the fruit expansion period.
After fertilization, other management measures are the same among all communities. And selecting 6 citrus trees with the same tree vigor in each group to pick all fruits, and counting relevant data. The data of the control and test apples are shown in table 2:
TABLE 2 biological data of apple and yield in mature period
As can be seen from the results in tables 1 and 2, under different experimental treatment schemes, the base fertilizer applied to the fruit trees has the best effect of increasing yield and improving quality when the base fertilizer is applied according to the mass ratio of 1: 1, the effect of increasing yield and improving quality when the base fertilizer is applied according to the mass ratio of 1: 2 is good but not good, the effect of increasing yield and improving quality when the base fertilizer is applied according to the mass ratio of 2: 1 is poor, and the effect of improving the yield and the quality of the fruit trees is most obvious when the base fertilizer is applied according to the mass ratio of 1: 1, namely the base fertilizer is
Meanwhile, the invention has lasting fertilizer efficiency, can reduce the fertilizing times, greatly reduces the labor input of fruit growers and improves the economic benefit.
Claims (3)
1. A special basal application set of fruit tree fertilizer is characterized in that: is a set of meal fertilizer which is used by matching organic-inorganic composite particles and special base application particle fertilizer for fruit trees according to the mass ratio of 1: 1;
the organic-inorganic composite functional particles are prepared by uniformly mixing 36 parts by weight of plant source organic substances, 15 parts by weight of fulvic acid, 6 parts by weight of amino acid, 18 parts by weight of urea, 10 parts by weight of diammonium phosphate, 12 parts by weight of potassium sulfate and 3 parts by weight of composite microbial agent, and granulating by a granulator;
the botanical organic substance is prepared by mixing bean pulp, bran coat and yeast fermentation liquor according to the mass ratio of 0.6:1:0.4, stacking for 10-15 days, then adding bacillus megaterium according to the proportion of 0.2% of the mass of the material, fully stirring the material, placing the material in a fermentation tank, fermenting for 10-12 days at 40-50 ℃, and crushing the material;
the compound microbial agent is a mixed microbial agent of bacillus subtilis, bacillus mucilaginosus and azotobacter chroococcum according to the mass ratio of 1: 1;
the special basal application nutrition granular fertilizer for fruit trees is prepared by uniformly mixing 20-30 parts by weight of urea, 15-20 parts by weight of ammonium polyphosphate, 10-15 parts by weight of potassium nitrate, 20-30 parts by weight of potassium sulfate, 3-5 parts by weight of humic acid, 3-6 parts by weight of magnesium sulfate, 2-5 parts by weight of borax, 1-3 parts by weight of copper sulfate, 0.3-0.6 part by weight of ammonium molybdate and 0.2-0.6 part by weight of nitrogen slow release additive, and granulating by a granulator:
the nitrogen slow-release additive is a mixture of a urease inhibitor and a digestion inhibitor in a mass ratio of 1-2: 2.
2. The fruit tree dedicated base application package fertilizer of claim 1, which is characterized in that: the organic matter content in the organic-inorganic composite functional particles reaches 25 percent, and the total nutrient of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium reaches 20 percent.
3. The fruit tree dedicated base application package fertilizer of claim 1, which is characterized in that: the nitrogen slow-release additive is a mixture of urease inhibitor and digestion inhibitor according to the mass ratio of 1: 2.
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Cited By (5)
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CN112341273A (en) * | 2020-11-09 | 2021-02-09 | 山西省农业科学院农业环境与资源研究所 | Hawthorn package fertilizer and application method thereof |
CN113800972A (en) * | 2021-09-23 | 2021-12-17 | 山东宝源生物科技股份有限公司 | Oversized-particle slow-release columnar fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
CN114276195A (en) * | 2022-01-25 | 2022-04-05 | 井冈山红壤研究所(江西省农业科学院井冈山分院) | Special base fertilizer and special fruit strengthening fertilizer for Jinggang honey pomelo and application method |
CN115353431A (en) * | 2022-08-30 | 2022-11-18 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Preparation method and application method of orchard base fertilizer |
WO2022256891A1 (en) * | 2021-06-08 | 2022-12-15 | Hayashi Francisco Yukio | Process for manufacturing a slow-release granulate remineralizer and final product thereof |
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CN115353431A (en) * | 2022-08-30 | 2022-11-18 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Preparation method and application method of orchard base fertilizer |
CN115353431B (en) * | 2022-08-30 | 2023-10-13 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Preparation method and application method of orchard base fertilizer |
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