CN112341273A - Hawthorn package fertilizer and application method thereof - Google Patents

Hawthorn package fertilizer and application method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112341273A
CN112341273A CN202011238450.6A CN202011238450A CN112341273A CN 112341273 A CN112341273 A CN 112341273A CN 202011238450 A CN202011238450 A CN 202011238450A CN 112341273 A CN112341273 A CN 112341273A
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fertilizer
hawthorn
mass ratio
potassium
nitrogen
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解文艳
杨振兴
刘志平
周怀平
关春林
栗献锋
车丽
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INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURAL ENVIRONMENT AND RESOURCE SHANXI ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
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INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURAL ENVIRONMENT AND RESOURCE SHANXI ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
    • A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
    • C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
    • C05B1/02—Superphosphates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
    • C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C05G3/90—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting the nitrification of ammonium compounds or urea in the soil
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
    • Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Tropical Medicine & Parasitology (AREA)
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  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a hawthorn package fertilizer and an application method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of fertilizers. The hawthorn set meal fertilizer comprises a base fertilizer and a top dressing, wherein the top dressing comprises a top dressing I and a top dressing II. According to the invention, the fertilizer formula and application amount suitable for different stages are determined according to different growth and development characteristics and nutrient requirement characteristics of the hawthorns in different growth stages, the base fertilizer is applied after harvesting in autumn every year, and the additional fertilizer I and the additional fertilizer II are applied in a flowering period and a fruit expansion period respectively, so that the requirements of the hawthorns on nutrient elements in different growth and development stages are provided, and the yield and the quality of the hawthorns are obviously improved.

Description

Hawthorn package fertilizer and application method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fertilizers, in particular to a hawthorn set meal fertilizer and an application method thereof.
Background
The hawthorn is stone fruit, hard stone, thin pulp and slightly sour and astringent taste. The fruit can be eaten raw or used as a preserved fruit cake, can be used as a medicine after being dried, is a special tree species for both medicine and fruit in China, is cultivated in all parts of China, and has large market demand. In recent years, the hawthorn planting industry is rapidly developed, and the planting area is increased year by year.
The farmland fertilization is an important link for ensuring the yield and the quality of the hawthorn. The traditional fertilization management method is extensive, the formula of the applied fertilizer is single, and the nutritional requirements of the hawthorns in different growth periods cannot be met; once application, the fertilizer utilization rate is low, the waste of the fertilizer and the environmental pollution are caused, particularly, the damage of the micro-ecological environment of the soil is caused, the quality of hawthorn fruits is low, and the economic benefit of hawthorn production is greatly limited.
In order to promote agriculture to change modes and adjust structures, the method conforms to the agricultural development trend, and great changes also occur in the selection and the method for fruit tree fertilization. Firstly, applying more organic fertilizers to fully improve the soil; secondly, the proportion of inorganic nutrients is reasonably matched according to the requirement rule of the fruit trees for nutrition, other medium and micro nutrients required by the growth of the fruit trees are added, and meanwhile, the fruit trees contain rich organic matters, active microorganisms and the like, so that the effects of improving soil, comprehensively supplementing nutrients, promoting the development of root systems and allocating nutrition are really achieved.
At present, the special fertilizer for hawthorn in the market is few, especially the special fertilizer for the growth fertilizer requirement rule of hawthorn is few, the formula fertilizer suitable for different growth stages of hawthorn is developed, and the formula fertilizer is scientifically popularized and applied in a package fertilizer mode, so that the formula fertilizer is necessary for ensuring high quality, high yield and high-efficiency production of hawthorn. Under the social large background of zero growth of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, formulation, standardization and popularization of the hawthorn set meal fertilizer and the scientific fertilization technology thereof are of great significance for realizing the development targets of healthier soil, safer agricultural products and sustainable industry.
Aiming at the problems, the development of the special package fertilizer suitable for the whole growth period of the hawthorn and the matched application technology thereof have important significance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a hawthorn formula package fertilizer and an application method thereof, so as to solve the problems in the prior art, the package fertilizer has high fertilizer efficiency, can provide requirements of hawthorn on nutrient elements in different growth and development stages, realize complete and balanced combination of a biological organic fertilizer, an organic fertilizer and a chemical fertilizer, improve the soil structure, improve the soil fertility, and prevent and control diseases and pests, thereby improving the yield and quality of hawthorn and achieving the purpose of ecological planting.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:
the invention provides a hawthorn set meal fertilizer which comprises a base fertilizer and a top dressing, wherein the top dressing comprises a top dressing I and a top dressing II;
the base fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by mass: 0.4-2.26 parts of inorganic fertilizer, 0.5-1.0 part of bio-organic fertilizer and 0.165-0.297 part of trace element fertilizer;
the effective component of the inorganic fertilizer comprises N, P2O5And K2O，N、P2O5And K2The mass ratio of O is (0.115-0.46): (0.16-0.8): (0.125-1.0); the biological organic fertilizer is prepared by mixing and fermenting hawthorn seeds, hawthorn tree branches, biochemical fulvic acid and chicken manure according to the mass ratio of (0.3-0.5) to (0.5-0.7) to (0.8-1.2); the microelement fertilizer is a mixture of borax, zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate and ferrous sulfate according to the mass ratio of (0.005-0.009): (0.04-0.072): (0.02-0.036): 0.1-0.18);
the top dressing I is N, P2O5And K2The mass ratio of O is 0.046-0.23: 0.04-0.08: 0.05 to 0.10 of a mixture;
the top dressing II is N, P2O5And K2The mass ratio of O is 0.04425-0.0885:0.08-0.16: 0.1 to 0.25 of a mixture;
the N source is nitrogen fertilizer, P2O5The source is phosphate fertilizer, K2The O source is potash fertilizer.
Further, the nitrogen fertilizer of the inorganic fertilizer is urea or ammonium bicarbonate, the phosphate fertilizer is calcium superphosphate or potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and the potassium fertilizer is potassium sulfate;
the nitrogen fertilizer of the top dressing I is urea, the phosphate fertilizer is ammonium nitrate phosphorus or monoammonium phosphate, and the potassium fertilizer is potassium chloride;
the nitrogen fertilizer of the additional fertilizer II is ammonium bicarbonate, the phosphate fertilizer is monopotassium phosphate, and the potassium fertilizer is potassium humate or potassium sulfate.
Furthermore, the water content of the hawthorn seeds and the hawthorn tree branches is less than or equal to 45 percent; the water content of the biochemical fulvic acid is less than or equal to 30 percent; the chicken manure is fermented and decomposed by manure collected in a chicken farm, and calculated according to dry basis, the mass percentage of organic matters is 37.0-43.8%, the pH value is 5.5-6.8, and the water content is less than or equal to 30%.
Further, the preparation method of the inorganic fertilizer comprises the following steps:
nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer are mixed according to the proportion of N: p2O5：K2The mass ratio of O is (0.115-0.46): (0.16-0.8): (0.125-1.0), sieving with a 20-30 mesh sieve, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture;
according to the proportion of N: the mass ratio of the nitrogen slow-release additive is (0.115-0.46): (0.005-0.02), spraying a nitrogen slow-release additive into the mixture for granulation, and drying at 50-60 ℃ to obtain an inorganic fertilizer;
the nitrogen slow-release additive is prepared from a urease inhibitor and a nitrification inhibitor according to a mass ratio of 1-2: 2 in the above formula (I).
Further, the preparation method of the bio-organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:
adding crushed hawthorn kernels and hawthorn branches which are sieved by a 20-30-mesh sieve into chicken manure and biochemical fulvic acid, adding a compound microbial agent, uniformly mixing, fermenting for 20-30 days, and granulating to obtain a biological organic fertilizer;
the composite microbial agent is prepared from bacillus subtilis, trichoderma koningii and sporotrichum thermophilum according to the mass ratio of (4-7): (1-2): (0.4-0.8);
the addition amount of the compound microbial agent is 0.1-0.3% of the total mass of the crushed hawthorn seeds and hawthorn tree branches.
Further, the preparation method of the trace element fertilizer comprises the following steps:
the borax, the zinc sulfate, the manganese sulfate and the ferrous sulfate are crushed into fine powder of 40-60 meshes, the fine powder is mixed and stirred uniformly, and the mixture is granulated after being sprayed with water solution containing a binding agent, so that the trace element fertilizer is obtained.
Further, the preparation method of the hawthorn base fertilizer comprises the following steps:
and uniformly mixing the biological organic fertilizer, the inorganic fertilizer and the trace element fertilizer according to the mass ratio to prepare the hawthorn base fertilizer.
Further, the preparation method of the additional fertilizer I and the additional fertilizer II comprises the following steps:
mixing nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer according to N, P2O5And K2And mixing the components according to the mass ratio of O, grinding the mixture into powder of 40-60 meshes, uniformly mixing the powder, spraying an aqueous solution containing the adhesive, and granulating the mixture to obtain the adhesive.
The invention also provides an application method of the hawthorn package fertilizer, wherein 1.065-3.557kg of base fertilizer is applied per plant after hawthorn is harvested in autumn; in the flowering period of the hawthorn, 0.135-0.41kg of additional fertilizer I is applied per plant; in the fruit expanding period, additional fertilizer II 0.22425-1.295kg is applied per plant.
The compound microbial agent provided by the invention mainly comprises bacillus subtilis, corning wood enzyme and sporotrichum thermophilum with specific contents, can quickly realize decomposition and maturity of fruit branches through the synergistic cooperation of all raw materials, and has a good decomposition effect.
The bacillus subtilis is one of bacillus, has the functions of resisting and dissolving bacteria and adsorbing phenanthrene and benzopyrene in soil, and the antibiotic function means that the Nippon microorganism can inhibit the growth and metabolism of pathogenic microorganisms by generating metabolites at low concentration, so that the survival and the activity of the pathogenic microorganisms are influenced. The bacillus subtilis can purify and repair soil, reduce crop diseases, promote the decomposition of fruit branches, increase the soil fertility and further provide the product quality of crops.
The thermophilic sporotrichum has the characteristic of decomposing cellulose, is often called as a physiological active substance, and can effectively improve soil and fertilize soil, so that crops can obtain high yield and excellent quality. The thermophilic sporotrichum can secrete a large amount of cellulase at 40-50 ℃, and organic matters such as straws, livestock and poultry manure, grass peat and the like are quickly decomposed into organic matters. The addition of the thermophilic sporotrichum in the raw materials can not only further increase the content of the cellulase, but also further improve the soil and reduce the soil diseases.
After the bacillus subtilis, the thermophilic sporotrichum and the trichoderma koningii are compounded for use, cellulase, hemicellulase, pectinase and the like generated by the bacillus subtilis, the thermophilic sporotrichum and the trichoderma koningii can effectively degrade the cell walls of the fruit branches of plants, and the degradation capability of the lignin and cellulose of the fruit branches is improved through the principle of complementation with an enzyme system.
The invention discloses the following technical effects:
according to the present invention, fertilizer formulas and application amounts suitable for different stages are determined according to different growth and development characteristics and nutrient demand characteristics of the hawthorn in different growth and development stages, wherein the fertilizer formulas comprise a base fertilizer (base fertilizer) and an additional fertilizer, the base fertilizer is applied after harvest in autumn every year, and the additional fertilizer I and the additional fertilizer II are applied in a flowering stage and a fruit expansion stage respectively, such that requirements of the hawthorn in different growth and development stages on nutrient elements are provided, and the hawthorn yield and quality are improved.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to various exemplary embodiments of the invention, the detailed description should not be construed as limiting the invention but as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features and embodiments of the invention.
It is to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. Further, for numerical ranges in this disclosure, it is understood that each intervening value, between the upper and lower limit of that range, is also specifically disclosed. Every smaller range between any stated value or intervening value in a stated range and any other stated or intervening value in a stated range is encompassed within the invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may independently be included or excluded in the range.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Although only preferred methods and materials are described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference herein for the purpose of disclosing and describing the methods and/or materials associated with the documents. In case of conflict with any incorporated document, the present specification will control.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the specific embodiments of the present disclosure without departing from the scope or spirit of the disclosure. Other embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification. The specification and examples are exemplary only.
As used herein, the terms "comprising," "including," "having," "containing," and the like are open-ended terms that mean including, but not limited to.
The "parts" in the present invention are all parts by mass unless otherwise specified.
The water content of the hawthorn seeds and the hawthorn tree branches used in the invention is less than or equal to 45 percent; the water content of the biochemical fulvic acid is less than or equal to 30 percent; the chicken manure is fermented and decomposed by manure collected in a chicken farm, and the mass percentage of organic matters is 37.0-43.8%, the pH value is 5.5-6.8, and the water content is less than or equal to 30% calculated on a dry basis.
The hawthorn seeds are the hawthorn seeds generated by removing pulp in the hawthorn processing process. The hawthorn tree branch is a waste branch of the hawthorn tree after pruning. The crushed fruit branches are composted and converted into organic fertilizer, so that the environmental pollution caused by burning is eliminated, the organic matter content of the orchard is increased, the soil fertility is improved, and the yield is increased.
The invention carries out fermentation in a horizontal type fermentor. During fermentation, the water content of the fermented material is controlled to be 30-40%.
Example 1
(1) Preparation of hawthorn base fertilizer
a. Preparation of inorganic fertilizer
Nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer are mixed according to the proportion of N: p2O5：K2The mass ratio of O is 0.115: 0.8: 0.125, sieving with a 20-mesh sieve, and mixing to obtain a mixture;
according to the proportion of N: the mass ratio of the nitrogen slow-release additive is 0.115: 0.005, spraying a nitrogen slow-release additive into the mixture for granulation, and drying at 50 ℃ to obtain the inorganic fertilizer;
wherein the nitrogen slow-release additive is urease inhibitor and nitrification inhibitor according to the mass ratio of 1: 2 in the above formula (I).
b. Preparation of biological organic fertilizer
Adding the crushed hawthorn kernels and the hawthorn branches which are sieved by a 20-mesh sieve into chicken manure and biochemical fulvic acid, adding a compound microbial agent, uniformly mixing, fermenting for 30 days, and granulating to obtain a biological organic fertilizer;
wherein the mass ratio of the hawthorn seeds to the hawthorn tree branches to the biochemical fulvic acid to the chicken manure is 0.4:0.6:0.6: 1;
the mass ratio of the composite microbial agent to the bacillus subtilis to the trichoderma koningii to the sporotrichum thermophilum is 4: 2: 0.5 of a mixture;
the addition amount of the compound microbial agent is 0.2 percent of the total mass of the crushed hawthorn seeds and hawthorn tree branches.
c. Preparation of trace element fertilizer
The borax, the zinc sulfate, the manganese sulfate and the ferrous sulfate are crushed into fine powder of 40-60 meshes, the fine powder is mixed and stirred uniformly, and the mixture is granulated after being sprayed with water solution containing a binding agent, so that the trace element fertilizer is obtained.
Wherein, the mass ratio of borax, zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate and ferrous sulfate is 0.005:0.04:0.03: 0.1;
the inorganic fertilizer, the biological organic fertilizer and the trace element fertilizer are mixed according to the mass ratio of 0.4: 0.8: 0.297, and preparing the hawthorn base fertilizer.
(2) Preparation of additional fertilizer I
Mixing nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer according to N, P2O5And K2The mass ratio of O is 0.046: 0.04: 0.1, grinding into powder of 40 meshes, uniformly mixing, spraying aqueous solution containing a binding agent, and granulating to obtain the additional fertilizer I.
(3) Preparation of additional fertilizer II
Mixing nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer according to N, P2O5And K2The mass ratio of O is 0.04425: 0.12: 0.25, grinding into 50-mesh powder, mixing uniformly, spraying aqueous solution containing a binding agent, and granulating to obtain the additional fertilizer II.
Wherein, the nitrogen fertilizer of the inorganic fertilizer is urea, the phosphate fertilizer is calcium superphosphate, and the potassium fertilizer is potassium sulfate;
the nitrogen fertilizer of the top dressing I is urea, the phosphate fertilizer is ammonium phosphate nitrate, and the potassium fertilizer is potassium chloride;
the nitrogen fertilizer of the top dressing II is ammonium bicarbonate, the phosphate fertilizer is monopotassium phosphate, and the potassium fertilizer is potassium humate.
Example 2
(1) Preparation of hawthorn base fertilizer
a. Preparation of inorganic fertilizer
Nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer are mixed according to the proportion of N: p2O5：K2The mass ratio of O is 0.46: 0.5: 1, proportioning, sieving by a 30-mesh sieve, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture;
according to the proportion of N: the mass ratio of the nitrogen slow-release additive is 0.46: 0.02, spraying a nitrogen slow-release additive into the mixture for granulation, and drying at 55 ℃ to obtain an inorganic fertilizer;
wherein the nitrogen slow-release additive is a mixture of a urease inhibitor and a nitrification inhibitor in a mass ratio of 1: 1.
b. Preparation of biological organic fertilizer
Adding the crushed hawthorn kernels and the hawthorn branches which are sieved by a 30-mesh sieve into chicken manure and biochemical fulvic acid, adding a compound microbial agent, uniformly mixing, fermenting for 20 days, and granulating to obtain a biological organic fertilizer;
wherein the mass ratio of the hawthorn seeds to the hawthorn tree branches to the biochemical fulvic acid to the chicken manure is 0.3:0.7:0.5: 0.8;
the mass ratio of the composite microbial agent to the bacillus subtilis, the trichoderma koningii and the sporotrichum thermophilum is 5: 1: 0.4 of a mixture;
the addition amount of the compound microbial agent is 0.1 percent of the total mass of the crushed hawthorn seeds and hawthorn tree branches.
c. Preparation of trace element fertilizer
Grinding borax, zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate and ferrous sulfate into fine powder of 50 meshes, mixing and stirring uniformly, spraying an aqueous solution containing a binding agent, and granulating to obtain the trace element fertilizer.
Wherein, the mass ratio of the borax to the zinc sulfate to the manganese sulfate to the ferrous sulfate is 0.009:0.072:0.02: 0.15;
the inorganic fertilizer, the biological organic fertilizer and the trace element fertilizer are mixed according to the mass ratio of 2.26: 0.5: 0.212, and preparing the hawthorn base fertilizer.
(2) Preparation of additional fertilizer I
Mixing nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer according to N, P2O5And K2The mass ratio of O is 0.23: 0.06: 0.8, grinding into 50-mesh powder, uniformly mixing, spraying an aqueous solution containing a binding agent, and granulating to obtain the additional fertilizer I.
(3) Preparation of additional fertilizer II
Mixing nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer according to N, P2O5And K2The mass ratio of O is 0.05271: 0.08: 0.1, grinding into powder of 40 meshes, uniformly mixing, spraying aqueous solution containing a binding agent, and granulating to obtain the additional fertilizer II.
Wherein, the nitrogen fertilizer of the inorganic fertilizer is ammonium bicarbonate, the phosphate fertilizer is monopotassium phosphate, and the potassium fertilizer is potassium sulfate;
the nitrogen fertilizer of the top dressing I is urea, the phosphate fertilizer is monoammonium phosphate, and the potassium fertilizer is potassium chloride;
the nitrogen fertilizer of the additional fertilizer II is ammonium bicarbonate, the phosphate fertilizer is monopotassium phosphate, and the potassium fertilizer is potassium sulfate.
Example 3
(1) Preparation of hawthorn base fertilizer
a. Preparation of inorganic fertilizer
Nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer are mixed according to the proportion of N: p2O5：K2The mass ratio of O is 0.321: 0.16: 0.572, sieving with 20 mesh sieve, and mixing to obtain mixture;
according to the proportion of N: the mass ratio of the nitrogen slow-release additive is 0.321: 0.012, spraying nitrogen slow release additive into the mixture for granulation, and drying at 60 ℃ to obtain inorganic fertilizer;
wherein the nitrogen slow-release additive is urease inhibitor and nitrification inhibitor according to the mass ratio of 1: 2 in the above formula (I).
b. Preparation of biological organic fertilizer
Adding crushed hawthorn kernels and hawthorn branches which are sieved by a 30-mesh sieve into chicken manure and biochemical fulvic acid, adding a compound microbial agent, uniformly mixing, fermenting for 25 days, and granulating to obtain a biological organic fertilizer;
wherein the mass ratio of the hawthorn seeds to the hawthorn tree branches to the biochemical fulvic acid to the chicken manure is 0.5:0.5:0.7: 1.2;
the mass ratio of the composite microbial agent to the bacillus subtilis to the trichoderma koningii to the sporotrichum thermophilum is 7: 1.5: 0.8 of a mixture;
the addition amount of the compound microbial agent is 0.3 percent of the total mass of the crushed hawthorn seeds and hawthorn tree branches.
c. Preparation of trace element fertilizer
The borax, the zinc sulfate, the manganese sulfate and the ferrous sulfate are crushed into fine powder of 60 meshes, the fine powder is mixed and stirred uniformly, and the mixture is sprayed with water solution containing a binding agent and then granulated to obtain the trace element fertilizer.
Wherein, the mass ratio of borax, zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate and ferrous sulfate is 0.006:0.065:0.036: 0.18;
the inorganic fertilizer, the biological organic fertilizer and the trace element fertilizer are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1.12: 1: 0.165 to prepare the hawthorn base fertilizer.
(2) Preparation of additional fertilizer I
Mixing nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer according to N, P2O5And K2The mass ratio of O is 0.12: 0.08: 0.05, grinding into 60-mesh powder, mixing uniformly, spraying aqueous solution containing a binding agent, and granulating to obtain the additional fertilizer I.
(3) Preparation of additional fertilizer II
Mixing nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer according to N, P2O5And K2The mass ratio of O is 0.0885: 0.16: 0.123, grinding into 60-mesh powder, mixing uniformly, spraying aqueous solution containing a binding agent, and granulating to obtain the additional fertilizer II.
Wherein, the nitrogen fertilizer of the inorganic fertilizer is ammonium bicarbonate, the phosphate fertilizer is calcium superphosphate, and the potassium fertilizer is potassium sulfate;
the nitrogen fertilizer of the top dressing I is urea, the phosphate fertilizer is ammonium phosphate nitrate, and the potassium fertilizer is potassium chloride;
the nitrogen fertilizer of the top dressing II is ammonium bicarbonate, the phosphate fertilizer is monopotassium phosphate, and the potassium fertilizer is potassium humate.
Effect verification example:
the test field is treated by the same method: dividing the test field into 4 districts, planting equal amount of hawthorn trees in each district, implementing the cultivation management measures except the test treatment content according to large-area production, and controlling the cultivation management measures to be consistent. The same measures are done in each cell within the same day.
Control group: applying a commercial nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, wherein the fertilizing amount of each hawthorn tree is 2.5 kg.
Experimental group 1:
the fertilizers used in this experimental group were the base fertilizer, top dressing i and top dressing ii of example 1.
The application method comprises the following steps: after the hawthorn is harvested in autumn, 1.065kg of base fertilizer is applied to each plant; in the flowering period of the hawthorn, 0.157kg of top dressing I is applied to each plant; in the fruit expanding period, additional fertilizer II 0.7582 kg/plant is applied.
Experimental group 2:
the fertilizers used in this experimental group were the base fertilizer, top dressing i and top dressing ii in example 2.
The application method comprises the following steps: after the hawthorn is harvested in autumn, 3.557kg of base fertilizer is applied to each piece of hawthorn; in the flowering period of the hawthorn, 0.41kg of top dressing I is applied to each plant; in the fruit expanding period, additional fertilizer II 0.22425 kg/plant is applied.
Experimental group 3:
the fertilizers used in this experimental group were the base fertilizer, top dressing i and top dressing ii in example 3.
The application method comprises the following steps: after the hawthorn is harvested in autumn, 2.123kg of base fertilizer is applied to each plant; in the flowering period of the hawthorn, 0.135kg of top dressing I is applied to each plant; in the fruit expanding period, 1.295kg of additional fertilizer II is applied per plant.
The effect of different treatment groups on the quality and yield of hawthorn is shown in table 1:
TABLE 1
Figure BDA0002767585890000121
The above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements of the technical solutions of the present invention can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and the technical solutions of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention defined by the claims.

Claims (9)

1. The hawthorn set meal fertilizer is characterized by comprising a base fertilizer and an additional fertilizer, wherein the additional fertilizer comprises an additional fertilizer I and an additional fertilizer II;
the base fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by mass: 0.4-2.26 parts of inorganic fertilizer, 0.5-1.0 part of bio-organic fertilizer and 0.165-0.297 part of trace element fertilizer;
the effective component of the inorganic fertilizer comprises N, P2O5And K2O，N、P2O5And K2The mass ratio of O is (0.115-0.46): (0.16-0.8): (0.125-1.0); the biological organic fertilizer is prepared by mixing and fermenting hawthorn seeds, hawthorn tree branches, biochemical fulvic acid and chicken manure according to the mass ratio of (0.3-0.5) to (0.5-0.7) to (0.8-1.2); the microelement fertilizer is a mixture of borax, zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate and ferrous sulfate according to the mass ratio of (0.005-0.009): (0.04-0.072): (0.02-0.036): 0.1-0.18);
the top dressing I is N, P2O5And K2The mass ratio of O is 0.046-0.23: 0.04-0.08: 0.05 to 0.10 of a mixture;
the top dressing II is N, P2O5And K2The mass ratio of O is 0.04425-0.0885: 0.08-0.16: 0.1 to 0.25 of a mixture；
The N source is nitrogen fertilizer, P2O5The source is phosphate fertilizer, K2The O source is potash fertilizer.
2. The hawthorn set meal fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the nitrogen fertilizer of the inorganic fertilizer is urea or ammonium bicarbonate, the phosphate fertilizer is calcium superphosphate or potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and the potassium fertilizer is potassium sulfate;
the nitrogen fertilizer of the top dressing I is urea, the phosphate fertilizer is ammonium nitrate phosphorus or monoammonium phosphate, and the potassium fertilizer is potassium chloride;
the nitrogen fertilizer of the additional fertilizer II is ammonium bicarbonate, the phosphate fertilizer is monopotassium phosphate, and the potassium fertilizer is potassium humate or potassium sulfate.
3. The hawthorn set fertilizer of claim 1, wherein the moisture content of the hawthorn seeds and the hawthorn tree branches is less than or equal to 45%; the water content of the biochemical fulvic acid is less than or equal to 30 percent; the chicken manure is fermented and decomposed by manure collected in a chicken farm, and calculated according to dry basis, the mass percentage of organic matters is 37.0-43.8%, the pH value is 5.5-6.8, and the water content is less than or equal to 30%.
4. The hawthorn set fertilizer of claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the inorganic fertilizer comprises the following steps:
nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer are mixed according to the proportion of N: p2O5：K2The mass ratio of O is (0.115-0.46): (0.16-0.8): (0.125-1.0), sieving with a 20-30 mesh sieve, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture;
according to the proportion of N: the mass ratio of the nitrogen slow-release additive is (0.115-0.46): (0.005-0.02), spraying a nitrogen slow-release additive into the mixture for granulation, and drying at 50-60 ℃ to obtain an inorganic fertilizer;
the nitrogen slow-release additive is prepared from a urease inhibitor and a nitrification inhibitor according to a mass ratio of 1-2: 2 in the above formula (I).
5. The hawthorn set fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the bio-organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:
adding crushed hawthorn kernels and hawthorn branches which are sieved by a 20-30-mesh sieve into chicken manure and biochemical fulvic acid, adding a compound microbial agent, uniformly mixing, fermenting for 20-30 days, and granulating to obtain a biological organic fertilizer;
the composite microbial agent is prepared from bacillus subtilis, trichoderma koningii and sporotrichum thermophilum according to the mass ratio of (4-7): (1-2): (0.4-0.8);
the addition amount of the compound microbial agent is 0.1-0.3% of the total mass of the crushed hawthorn seeds and hawthorn tree branches.
6. The hawthorn set fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the trace element fertilizer comprises the following steps:
the borax, the zinc sulfate, the manganese sulfate and the ferrous sulfate are crushed into fine powder of 40-60 meshes, the fine powder is mixed and stirred uniformly, and the mixture is granulated after being sprayed with water solution containing a binding agent, so that the trace element fertilizer is obtained.
7. The hawthorn fruit set fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the hawthorn fruit base fertilizer comprises the following steps:
and uniformly mixing the biological organic fertilizer, the inorganic fertilizer and the trace element fertilizer according to the mass ratio to prepare the hawthorn base fertilizer.
8. The hawthorn set meal fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the additional fertilizer I and the additional fertilizer II comprises the following steps:
mixing nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer according to N, P2O5And K2And mixing the components according to the mass ratio of O, grinding the mixture into powder of 40-60 meshes, uniformly mixing the powder, spraying an aqueous solution containing the adhesive, and granulating the mixture to obtain the adhesive.
9. The application method of the hawthorn package fertilizer as described in any one of claims 1-8, wherein after hawthorn is harvested in autumn, 1.065-3.557kg of base fertilizer is applied per plant; in the flowering period of the hawthorn, 0.135-0.41kg of additional fertilizer I is applied per plant; in the fruit expanding period, additional fertilizer II 0.22425-1.295kg is applied per plant.
CN202011238450.6A 2020-11-09 2020-11-09 Hawthorn package fertilizer and application method thereof Pending CN112341273A (en)

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CN106718578A (en) * 2016-12-21 2017-05-31 阜阳市颍泉区玉寿种植专业合作社 A kind of implantation methods for improving hawthorn sugar content
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