CN110372455A - It is a kind of improve solanaceous vegetables acid soil composite fertilizer and application - Google Patents
It is a kind of improve solanaceous vegetables acid soil composite fertilizer and application Download PDFInfo
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- CN110372455A CN110372455A CN201910776271.9A CN201910776271A CN110372455A CN 110372455 A CN110372455 A CN 110372455A CN 201910776271 A CN201910776271 A CN 201910776271A CN 110372455 A CN110372455 A CN 110372455A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B13/00—Fertilisers produced by pyrogenic processes from phosphatic materials
- C05B13/02—Fertilisers produced by pyrogenic processes from phosphatic materials from rock phosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C9/00—Fertilisers containing urea or urea compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention belongs to solanaceous vegetables Cultivating techniques field, a kind of composite fertilizer for improveing solanaceous vegetables acid soil and application are disclosed, is made of alkaline nitrogenous fertilizer, alkaline phosphate fertilizer and alkaline potash fertilizer；Alkaline nitrogenous fertilizer is one or more combinations in urea, lime nitrogen and ammonium hydrogen carbonate；Alkaline phosphate fertilizer is calcium magnesium phosphate, and alkaline potash fertilizer is potassium carbonate, and the dosage applied to solanaceous vegetables melon dish is N and K2O is 40kg/ mus, P2O5For 20kg/.The application that the effect of present invention analysis alkaline fertilizer improvement acidification melon vegetable field soil is alkaline fertilizer on Hainan acid soil improvement and winter melon dish provides scientific basis, is with better promotion prospects.Crop disease-resistant anti-adversity ability is greatly improved, fertilizer efficiency is rapid and lasting, effectively volume increase section money；The plant recovery of nutrient for improving solanaceous vegetables nitrogen, phosphorus and potash fertilizer is respectively 47.1%~208.3%, 53.7%~122.0% and 3.70%~41.8%.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to solanaceous vegetables Cultivating techniques field more particularly to a kind of improvement solanaceous vegetables acid soils
Composite fertilizer and application.
Background technique
Currently, the prior art commonly used in the trade is such that
Soil acidity or alkalinity is to measure one of the important indicator of agricultural land soil fertility, and soil acidification not only results in soil chats
The aggravation of matter nutrient is lost, activation heavy metal, influences microbial activity, also will affect normal growth and the development of crop, most
The health of the mankind is endangered eventually, therefore conditioner for acidified soil is very urgent.Domestic main soil acidification improved route packet now
Include the reasonable nitrogen fertilizers of selection, application alkaline fertilizer or chemical improvement agent, applying organic manure, Returning Application of Crop Straw, reasonable
Water and fertilizer management, the suitable crop varieties of selection, control of acid rain etc..Wherein alkaline fertilizer has easy to operate, significant effect etc.
Advantage.
Alkaline fertilizer refers to presentation alkalinity soluble in water or weakly alkaline fertilizer, such as lime nitrogen, calcium magnesium phosphate, potassium carbonate
Deng.Lime nitrogen not only has the function of improveing soil, nitrogen utilization efficiency, provides the nutrition of calcium element, but also has and alleviate continuous cropping obstacle
Effect.Calcium magnesium phosphate is a kind of subalkaline vitreum multielement phosphate fertilizer.It belongs to citrate acid soluble phosphatic fertilizer, is dissolvable in water plant
It is crop absorption in organic acid secreted by root system, and excellent with improvement soil aciditiy, middle microelement rich in etc.
Gesture.Potassium carbonate (potash), is the main potassium ingredient of plant ash, and potassium carbonate compares compared with potassium chloride without containing certain crops
Sensitive chloride ion；Compared with the acid potash fertilizer such as potassium sulfate and potassium chloride, potassium carbonate can neutralize the acidity of acid soil, and carbonic acid
Radical ion decomposition product has fluffing action to soil, and its product carbon dioxide is also the raw material of photosynthesis of plant.
In the prior art, the dedicated fertilizer of winter melon dish mainly with urea/ammonium nitrate, calcium superphosphate/ammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate/
Potassium chloride etc. is prepared as a raw material, and single, a large amount of fertilizer applications cause winter melon dish soil to be in different degrees of acidification trend,
And existing improvement melon vegetable plot acidified soil mainly passes through the technical measures such as liming, silico-calcium potassic-magnesian fertilizer soil conditioner,
Effect is not lasting.Although alkaline fertilizer has application on crop, it is single use mostly, and lacks crop proprietary formula, because
This production dedicated alkaline fertilizer of solanaceous vegetables also needs further to study.Solanaceous vegetables crop have it is wide in variety, plantation region it is extensive, no
The features such as demand with growth period to nutrient is different, and the property of different alkaline fertilizers and method of administration are also different,
It cannot blindly be blended with other fertilizer.In view of the above problems, according to the Main Nutrients demand rule of solanaceous vegetables crop, and
The characteristic of different alkaline fertilizers, combines special fertilizer formula, not only can satisfy the growth demand of solanaceous vegetables crop, simultaneously also
Soil acidification problem can be improved.
Summary of the invention
In view of the problems of the existing technology, the present invention provides a kind of group Hefei for improveing solanaceous vegetables acid soil
Material and application.
The invention is realized in this way it is a kind of improve solanaceous vegetables acid soil composite fertilizer, composite fertilizer by by
Alkaline nitrogenous fertilizer, alkaline phosphate fertilizer and alkaline potash fertilizer composition；According to mass ratio alkalinity nitrogenous fertilizer: alkaline phosphate fertilizer: alkaline potash fertilizer=2:1:2.
The alkalinity nitrogenous fertilizer is one or more combinations in urea, lime nitrogen and ammonium hydrogen carbonate, and the alkalinity phosphate fertilizer is calcium
Magnesium-phosphorus fertilizer, the alkalinity potash fertilizer is potassium carbonate, and the dosage applied to the solanaceous vegetables melon dish such as eggplant, tomato is N and K2O is 40kg/
Mu, P2O5It is 20kg/ mus.
Its method of administration are as follows: (1) alkaline nitrogenous fertilizer combination does not include lime nitrogen: before solanaceous vegetables field planting, by 100% calcium
Magnesium-phosphorus fertilizer and 50% potassium carbonate impose in soil deeply, then earthing and are uniformly mixed；50% alkaline nitrogenous fertilizer ditch spread is applied after slow seedling
Around root, then earthing；Florescence to result latter stage divides 5 times for remaining 50% alkaline nitrogenous fertilizer and 50% potassium carbonate, distinguishes
Ditch is applied to root week two sides and earthing.
(2) alkaline nitrogenous fertilizer combination includes lime nitrogen: before solanaceous vegetables field planting, lime nitrogen uniformly being spread fertilizer over the fields in soil table
Then face earthing and is uniformly mixed, pours water, overlay film, and film is taken off after 7-15 days, then whole calcium magnesium phosphate and 50% potassium carbonate is deep
It imposes in soil, earthing simultaneously mixes.Florescence to result latter stage applies urea or ammonium hydrogen carbonate and 50% potassium carbonate point 5 times,
Ditch is applied to root week two sides and earthing respectively.
In conclusion advantages of the present invention and good effect are as follows:
The double effects of nutrient needed for alkaline fertilizer provided by the invention has offer crop and improvement acid soil, and with
Lime nitrogen, ammonium hydrogen carbonate, calcium magnesium phosphate, the alkaline fertilizer based on potassium carbonate is applied in the production of Hainan in Winter melon dish and these three
Fertilizer application proportion.Acid in the present invention and soil plays acid-base neutralization reaction, effectively achievees the purpose that control acid, improves soil comprehensively
Quality, increases soil fertility, and retain water and nutrients improve utilization rate of fertilizer；Make acidified, quality decline soil after long-time service
It is effectively improved, provides the nutrient of general equilibrium to crop, greatly improve crop disease-resistant anti-adversity ability, fertilizer efficiency is held rapidly
Long, it not will cause fertilizer damage, effectively volume increase section money；Improve solanaceous vegetables nitrogen, the plant recovery of nutrient of phosphorus and potash fertilizer is respectively
47.1%~208.3%, 53.7%~122.0% and 3.70%~41.8%.
The present invention is using two kinds of solanaceous vegetables of tomato and eggplant as experimental subjects, analysis alkaline fertilizer improvement acidification melon vegetable plot
The application that the effect of soil is alkaline fertilizer on Hainan acid soil improvement and winter melon dish provides scientific basis, have compared with
Popularization and application foreground well.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the method for administration process of the composite fertilizer of improvement solanaceous vegetables acid soil provided in an embodiment of the present invention
Figure.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, with reference to embodiments, to the present invention
It is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention, it is not used to
Limit the present invention.
Composite fertilizer provided in an embodiment of the present invention is by urea, lime nitrogen, ammonium hydrogen carbonate；Calcium magnesium phosphate；Potassium carbonate composition.
According to mass ratio alkalinity nitrogenous fertilizer: alkaline phosphate fertilizer: alkaline potash fertilizer=2:1:2.
Urea leaded wastewater 46% provided in an embodiment of the present invention；Lime nitrogen leaded wastewater 20%；Calcium magnesium phosphate contains P2O512%；Carbon
Sour potassium contains K2O68%.
Alkaline fertilizer provided in an embodiment of the present invention is applied to eggplant, and alkaline fertilizer is by urea, calcium magnesium phosphate, potassium carbonate group
At N and K2O is 40kg/ mus, P2O5It is 20kg/ mus.
Alkaline fertilizer provided in an embodiment of the present invention is used for tomato, and alkaline fertilizer is by urea, lime nitrogen, ammonium hydrogen carbonate, calcium
Magnesium-phosphorus fertilizer, potassium carbonate composition, N and K2O is 40kg/ mus, P2O5It is 20kg/ mus.
As shown in Figure 1, the application side of the composite fertilizer of improvement solanaceous vegetables acid soil provided in an embodiment of the present invention
Method includes:
S101: the combination of alkaline nitrogenous fertilizer does not include lime nitrogen: before solanaceous vegetables field planting, by 100% calcium magnesium phosphate and
50% potassium carbonate imposes in soil deeply；
S102: and then earthing and be uniformly mixed；50% alkaline nitrogenous fertilizer ditch spread is imposed on around root after slow seedling；
S103: earthing；Florescence to result latter stage divides 5 times for remaining 50% alkaline nitrogenous fertilizer and 50% potassium carbonate, distinguishes
Ditch is applied to root week two sides and earthing.
The method of administration of the composite fertilizer of improvement solanaceous vegetables acid soil provided in an embodiment of the present invention further include:
Alkaline nitrogenous fertilizer combination includes lime nitrogen: before solanaceous vegetables field planting, lime nitrogen uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields in soil surface,
Then it earthing and is uniformly mixed, pours water, overlay film takes off film, then whole calcium magnesium phosphate and 50% potassium carbonate are applied deeply after 7-15 days
Yu Tuzhong, earthing simultaneously mix.Florescence to result latter stage divides urea or ammonium hydrogen carbonate and 50% potassium carbonate point, 5 applications
Other ditch is applied to root week two sides and earthing.
Application principle of the invention is described in detail below with reference to specific experiment；
Currently, the dedicated fertilizer of winter melon dish is mainly with urea/ammonium nitrate, calcium superphosphate/ammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate/potassium chloride
Etc. being prepared as a raw material, single, a large amount of fertilizer applications cause Hainan in Winter melon dish soil in different degrees of acidification trend, and
Improvement melon vegetable plot acidified soil mainly passes through the technical measures such as liming, silico-calcium potassic-magnesian fertilizer soil conditioner, to increase
Vegetable grower's means of agricultural production investment and recruitment cost.The double effects of nutrient needed for alkaline fertilizer has offer crop and improvement acid soil,
And the alkaline fertilizer based on lime nitrogen, ammonium hydrogen carbonate, calcium magnesium phosphate, potassium carbonate is applied in the production of Hainan in Winter melon dish and this
Three kinds of fertilizer application proportions are rarely reported.It is this this experiment using two kinds of tomato, eggplant solanaceous vegetables as experimental subjects, analyzes alkali
Property fertilizer improvement acidification melon vegetable field soil effect, be application of the alkaline fertilizer on Hainan acid soil improvement and winter melon dish
Scientific basis is provided, is with better promotion prospects.
Embodiment 1: a kind of composite fertilizer for improveing solanaceous vegetables crop acid soil, dosage includes urea 87kg, calcium per acre
Magnesium-phosphorus fertilizer 111kg, potassium resource are potassium carbonate 58.8kg.
Base manure: before field planting, whole calcium magnesium phosphate and 29.4kg potassium carbonate is imposed in soil deeply, then urinated 43.5kg
Element is spread fertilizer over the fields in soil surface, then earthing and is uniformly mixed.
Top dressing: florescence to result latter stage divides 5 application 43.5kg urea and 29.4kg potassium carbonate, wherein urea and carbon
Sour potassium separate administration, gives for root week two sides.
Embodiment 2: a kind of composite fertilizer for improveing solanaceous vegetables crop acid soil, dosage includes urea 43.5kg per acre,
Lime nitrogen 100kg, calcium magnesium phosphate 111kg, potassium resource are potassium carbonate 58.8kg.
Base manure: before field planting, whole lime nitrogens uniformly being spread fertilizer over the fields in soil surface, then earthing and is uniformly mixed, is poured water,
Overlay film takes off film, then whole calcium magnesium phosphate and 29.4kg potassium carbonate is imposed in soil deeply after 7-15 days, earthing simultaneously mixes, field planting.
Top dressing: florescence to result latter stage, 43.5kg urea and 29.4kg potassium carbonate divide 5 applications, wherein urea and carbon
Sour potassium separate administration, gives for root week two sides.
Embodiment 3: a kind of composite fertilizer for improveing solanaceous vegetables crop acid soil, dosage includes ammonium hydrogen carbonate per acre
117.6kg, lime nitrogen 100kg, calcium magnesium phosphate 111kg, potassium resource are potassium carbonate 58.8kg.
Base manure: before field planting, whole lime nitrogens uniformly being spread fertilizer over the fields in soil surface, then earthing and is uniformly mixed, is poured water,
Overlay film takes off film after 7-15 days, field planting.Whole calcium magnesium phosphate and 29.4kg potassium carbonate are imposed in soil deeply again, earthing simultaneously mixes,
Field planting.
Top dressing: florescence to result latter stage, 117.6kg ammonium hydrogen carbonate and 29.4kg potassium carbonate divide 5 applications, wherein urea
With potassium carbonate separate administration, give for root week two sides.
Embodiment 4: a kind of composite fertilizer for improveing solanaceous vegetables crop acid soil, dosage includes ammonium hydrogen carbonate per acre
235.2kg, calcium magnesium phosphate 111kg, potassium resource are potassium carbonate 58.8kg.
Base manure: before field planting, 111kg calcium magnesium phosphate and 29.4kg potassium carbonate being imposed in soil deeply, and earthing simultaneously mixes, then will
235.2kg ammonium hydrogen carbonate is uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields in soil surface, then earthing and is uniformly mixed.
Top dressing: points of 5 times applications of florescence to result latter stage, 111kg ammonium hydrogen carbonate and 29.4kg potassium carbonate, wherein urea and
Potassium carbonate separate administration gives for root week two sides.
Test site: greenhouse tested by Hainan Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences agricultural environment and soil investigation.
Test period: in December, 2017 in March, 2018 (tomato), in April, 2017 to October (eggplant).
Experimental cultivar are as follows: tomato: tomato 668, eggplant: Changfeng 2.
For trying fertilizer: urea (N 46%), lime nitrogen (N 20%), ammonium hydrogen carbonate (N 17%), calcium magnesium phosphate (P2O5
18%), potassium chloride (K2O 60%), potassium carbonate (contain K2O 68%).
Comparative example 1 (eggplant) and comparative example 2 (tomato): urea (N 46%), calcium superphosphate (P2O512%), potassium chloride
(K2O 60%)
The fertilising N:P of comparative example and test example2O5:K2O is 2:1:2, tomato, eggplant test example and comparative example N and K2O
It is 40kg/ mus, P2O5It is 20kg/ mus.The comparative example base manure and top dressing fertilization mode respectively tested are consistent with test example, 50% nitrogen
As base manure, 50% nitrogenous fertilizer and 50% potash fertilizer are top dressing for fertilizer, whole phosphate fertilizer and 50% potash fertilizer.
Testing index: measurement fruit yield and fruit Vitamin C content and soluble sugar content, after the test, detection
The pH value of rhizosphere soil.
The application present invention and common fertilizer are as shown in table 1 to the Contrast on effect of tomato and eggplant yield and quality:
Table 1
From table 1 it follows that single plant fruit yield, the fruit vitamin of the composite fertilizer that application the invention patent provides
C and soluble sugar content are above common fertilizer, the results show that single plant fruit yield, the Vitamin C content of 1 eggplant of embodiment
Comparative example 1 is above with soluble sugar.The embodiment 3 of tomato and the single plant yield of embodiment 4 have reached extremely aobvious compared with comparative example 2
It writes horizontal；The vitamin C of embodiment 4 has reached extremely significant level compared with comparative example, shows to implementing 2 in contrast, having reached
It writes horizontal；The soluble sugar of embodiment 2 and embodiment 3 has reached extremely significant level compared with comparative example.Show the invention patent
Composite fertilizer in the middle part of material of dividing booty can improve the yield and quality of eggplant and tomato.
Table 2
Soil pH value is an important indicator of soil, soil acidification can aggravate the loss of mineral nutrient element in soil,
It activates heavy metal, influence microbial activity.After eggplant and tomato planting, 0-20 centimetres of soil is taken, is detected after air-drying, as a result
Such as table 2, from table 2 it can be seen that the pH value of the soil of 1 eggplant of embodiment is higher than comparative example 1.The soil of embodiment 2-4 processing tomato
Earth pH value is above comparative example 2, and wherein embodiment 2,4 reaches extremely significant level, and embodiment 3 reaches the level of signifiance.Show application originally
The composite fertilizer of invention can improve the pH value of soil.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, all in essence of the invention
Made any modifications, equivalent replacements, and improvements etc., should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention within mind and principle.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of composite fertilizer for improveing solanaceous vegetables acid soil, which is characterized in that the improvement solanaceous vegetables crop is acid
The composite fertilizer of soil is made of alkaline nitrogenous fertilizer, alkaline phosphate fertilizer and alkaline potash fertilizer；According to mass ratio alkalinity nitrogenous fertilizer: alkaline phosphate fertilizer:
Alkaline potash fertilizer=2:1:2.
2. the composite fertilizer of improvement solanaceous vegetables acid soil as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the basic nitrogen
Fertilizer is one or more combinations in urea, lime nitrogen and ammonium hydrogen carbonate；The alkalinity phosphate fertilizer is calcium magnesium phosphate, and alkaline potash fertilizer is carbon
Sour potassium, the dosage applied to solanaceous vegetables melon dish are N and K2O is 40kg/ mus, P2O5It is 20kg/ mus.
3. the composite fertilizer of improvement solanaceous vegetables acid soil as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the basic nitrogen
Fertilizer is one or more combinations in urea, lime nitrogen and ammonium hydrogen carbonate, and the alkalinity phosphate fertilizer is calcium magnesium phosphate, the alkalinity potash fertilizer
For potassium carbonate.
4. the composite fertilizer of improvement solanaceous vegetables acid soil as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that be applied to solanberry
The dosage of class melon dish is N and K2O is 40kg/ mus, P2O5It is 20kg/ mus.
5. a kind of method of administration of the composite fertilizer of improvement solanaceous vegetables acid soil as described in claim 1, feature
It is, the method for administration of the composite fertilizer of the improvement solanaceous vegetables acid soil are as follows:
Alkaline nitrogenous fertilizer combination does not include lime nitrogen: before solanaceous vegetables field planting, 100% calcium magnesium phosphate and 50% potassium carbonate is deep
It imposes in soil, earthing is simultaneously uniformly mixed；50% alkaline nitrogenous fertilizer ditch spread is imposed on around root after slow seedling, earthing；Florescence extremely ties
Fruit latter stage divides 5 times for remaining 50% alkaline nitrogenous fertilizer and 50% potassium carbonate, and ditch is applied to root week two sides and earthing respectively.
6. the method for administration of the composite fertilizer of improvement solanaceous vegetables acid soil as claimed in claim 5, which is characterized in that
The method of administration of the composite fertilizer of the improvement solanaceous vegetables acid soil further include:
Alkaline nitrogenous fertilizer combination includes lime nitrogen: before solanaceous vegetables field planting, in soil surface, then lime nitrogen uniformly being spread fertilizer over the fields
Earthing is simultaneously uniformly mixed, and is poured water, overlay film, film is taken off after 7-15 days, then whole calcium magnesium phosphate and 50% potassium carbonate are imposed on soil deeply
In, earthing simultaneously mixes；Florescence to result latter stage, by urea or ammonium hydrogen carbonate and 50% potassium carbonate point, 5 applications, difference ditch
It is applied to root week two sides and earthing.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113929538A (en) * | 2021-11-18 | 2022-01-14 | 海南省农业科学院农业环境与土壤研究所 | Soil-improving special fertilizer for Sauropus androgynus and application method |
| CN114315459A (en) * | 2021-11-29 | 2022-04-12 | 九禾股份有限公司 | Special compound fertilizer for ramie suitable for southwest area and preparation method and application thereof |
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