CN108516880A - A kind of south vegetable plot fertilizing method - Google Patents
A kind of south vegetable plot fertilizing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108516880A CN108516880A CN201810390762.5A CN201810390762A CN108516880A CN 108516880 A CN108516880 A CN 108516880A CN 201810390762 A CN201810390762 A CN 201810390762A CN 108516880 A CN108516880 A CN 108516880A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
- C05B1/02—Superphosphates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C9/00—Fertilisers containing urea or urea compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of southern vegetable plot fertilizing methods, by applying organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer at times according to a certain percentage, the utilization rate of nutrient is improved, to improve yield of vegetables, and Nitrate in Vegetable reduces, Vitamin C content improves, and quality of vegetable is improved, under the premise of high yield and high quality, topsoil soils density reduces, total porosity increases, and soil organic matter content improves, and soil physico-chemical property is improved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of agricultural production technologies, and in particular to a kind of south vegetable plot fertilizing method.
Background technology
In recent years, intensive agricultural improves the yield of crop, and for inorganic fertilizer due to nutrient content height, fertilizer efficiency is rapid, big
Amount is used in agricultural production, but chronic administration inorganic fertilizer, soil physico-chemical property become severe, and soil enzyme activities reduces, micro-
Biomass and type are reduced, and ecological environment of soil further deteriorates, and affects the yield and quality of crop.
Biological organic fertilizer can improve the physicochemical property of soil, improve microbial activity, improve microbial diversity, to
It realizes Ecological Distribution of Soil Microorganisms balance, and containing the trace element needed for plant growth in biological organic fertilizer, can be to plant
Object growth provides more fully nutrient.Although nutrient is more comprehensive in organic fertilizer, the content of nutrient
It is relatively low, if fully rely on organic fertilizer provides a great number of elements for plant growth, use larger amount of organic fertilizer；And it is a kind of
The ratio of each element in organic fertilizer is often fixed, and dose that can not be according to actual needs is adjusted flexibly.It is inorganic
The content of nutrient is high in fertilizer, and single, and inorganic fertilizer is mixed to apply with organic fertilizer can improve soil quality well, and
And overcome the defect that organic fertilizer is used alone.
It is special due to Southern Red Soil there is also largely using phosphate fertilizer during southern region of China vegetable cultivation
Property, it is in that stationary state is accumulated to lead to a large amount of P elements in the soil, can not be efficiently used by plant.
Invention content
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of southern vegetable plot fertilizing method, this method can improve ecological environment of soil,
Improve the utilization rate of nutrient.
The technical solution used in the present invention is：
A kind of south vegetable plot fertilizing method, organic fertilizer is as base manure, and inorganic fertilizer is as base manure and top dressing；Inorganic nitrogen when top dressing
Fertile, inorganic potash fertilizer, which divides 6 times, to be imposed, and inorganic phosphorus fertilizer, which divides 4 times, to be imposed.
Further, base manure 3 days before transplantation~5 days is applied, and top dressing imposes 6 times altogether, chases after within the 7th~15 day the after the transfer
It 1 time, chases after within the 18th~26 day the 2nd time, chases after within the 27th~34 day the 3rd time, chased after later every 10~15 days 1 time, inorganic nitrogeneous fertilizer, inorganic potassium
Fertilizer is imposed in the 1st~6 time, and inorganic phosphorus fertilizer is imposed in the 3rd~6 time.
Further, organic fertilizer object and inorganic fertilizer are uniformly mixed and are imposed in kind of plant hole or kind planting ditch as base manure, banketed
Water drenching to soil is sufficiently humidified so as to after covering, and top dressing is imposed with water.
Further, inorganic nitrogeneous fertilizer base manure and the ratio of top dressing are (5~15)：(95~85), impose inorganic nitrogeneous fertilizer six times
The ratio of amount is 1:2:3:4:4:4.
Further, inorganic potash fertilizer base manure and the ratio of top dressing are (5~15)：(95~85), impose inorganic potash fertilizer six times
The ratio of amount is 1:2:3:4:4:4.
Further, inorganic phosphorus fertilizer base manure and the ratio of top dressing are (55~65)：(45~35), four top dressing inorganic phosphorus fertilizers
The ratio of amount is 1:1:1:1.
Further, the amount of N, P, K are in total dose：
Inorganic fertilizer：7.0~15kg/ mus of N, 6.5~10.5kg/ mus of P, 6.0~15kg/ mus of K；
Organic fertilizer：4.7~8.6kg/ mus of N, 2.2~7.6kg/ mus of P, 4.6~10.6kg/ mus of K.
Further, inorganic fertilizer is selected from urea, monoammonium phosphate, Diammonium phosphate (DAP), calcium superphosphate, potassium chloride, potassium sulfate.
Further, organic fertilizer is selected from wormcast, poultry class compost.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
By applying organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer at times according to a certain percentage in the present invention, the profit of nutrient is improved
With rate, yield of vegetables is improved, and Nitrate in Vegetable reduces, Vitamin C content improves, and improves quality of vegetable.
Under the premise of high yield and high quality, topsoil soils density reduces, and total porosity increases, and soil organic matter content improves, soil physical chemistry
Property is improved.
Specific implementation mode
The following describes the present invention in detail with reference to examples, and however, it is not limited to this.
The fertilizer variety and dose that Examples 1 to 3 uses are as shown in the table：
| Fertilizer variety | Amount of application (kg) per acre |
| Urea (contains N 46%) | 32.6 |
| Potassium chloride (contains K 52%) | 28.8 |
| Calcium superphosphate (contains P 8%) | 131.3 |
| Poultry class compost (containing organic matter 45.1%, full N 1.55%, full P 0.98%, full K 3.53%) | 300 |
Embodiment 1
Base manure is：300kg poultry classes compost, 3.26kg urea (account for urea total amount 10%), 2.88kg potassium chloride (account for chlorine
Change potassium total amount 10%), 78.78kg calcium superphosphate (account for calcium superphosphate total amount 60%)；
Top dressing is：29.34kg urea (account for urea total amount 90%), 25.92kg potassium chloride (account for potassium chloride total amount
90%), 52.52kg calcium superphosphate (account for calcium superphosphate total amount 40%).
Fertilizing time and each dose are as follows：
Base manure：It transplants first 3 days, applied once after all base manure mixings；
First time topdressing：The 11st day after transplanting, 1.63kg urea, the application of 1.44kg potassium chloride mixings；
Second of top dressing：The 22nd day after transplanting, 3.26kg urea, the application of 2.88kg potassium chloride mixings；
Third time top dressing：The 30th day after transplanting, 4.89kg urea, 4.32kg potassium chloride, 13.13kg calcium superphosphate mixings are applied
With；
4th top dressing：The 42nd day after transplanting, 6.52kg urea, 5.76kg potassium chloride, 13.13kg calcium superphosphate mixings are applied
With；
5th fertilising：The 52nd day after transplanting, 6.52kg urea, 5.76kg potassium chloride, 13.13kg calcium superphosphate mixings are applied
With；
6th fertilising：The 62nd day after transplanting, 6.52kg urea, 5.76kg potassium chloride, 13.13kg calcium superphosphate mixings are applied
With.
Embodiment 2
Base manure is：300kg poultry classes compost, 4.89kg urea (account for urea total amount 15%), 4.32kg potassium chloride (account for chlorine
Change potassium total amount 15%), 85.35kg calcium superphosphate (account for calcium superphosphate total amount 65%)；
Top dressing is：27.71kg urea (the 85% of which urea total amount), 24.48kg potassium chloride (account for potassium chloride total amount
85%), 45.96kg calcium superphosphate (account for calcium superphosphate total amount 35%).
Fertilizing time and each dose are as follows：
Base manure：It transplants first 3 days, applied once after all base manure mixings；
First time topdressing：The 7th day after transplanting, 1.54kg urea, the application of 1.36kg potassium chloride mixings；
Second of top dressing：The 18th day after transplanting, 3.08kg urea, the application of 2.72kg potassium chloride mixings；
Third time top dressing：The 27th day after transplanting, 4.62kg urea, 4.08kg potassium chloride, 11.49kg calcium superphosphate mixings are applied
With；
4th top dressing：The 40th day after transplanting, 6.16kg urea, 5.44kg potassium chloride, 11.49kg calcium superphosphate mixings are applied
With；
5th fertilising：The 50th day after transplanting, 6.16kg urea, 5.44kg potassium chloride, 11.49kg calcium superphosphate mixings are applied
With；
6th fertilising：The 60th day after transplanting, 6.16kg urea, 5.44kg potassium chloride, 11.49kg calcium superphosphate mixings are applied
With.
Embodiment 3
Base manure is：300kg poultry classes compost, 1.63kg urea (account for urea total amount 5%), 1.44kg potassium chloride (account for chlorine
Change potassium total amount 5%), 72.22kg calcium superphosphate (account for calcium superphosphate total amount 55%)；
Top dressing is：30.97kg urea (the 95% of which urea total amount), 27.36kg potassium chloride (account for potassium chloride total amount
95%), 59.09kg calcium superphosphate (account for calcium superphosphate total amount 45%).
Fertilizing time and each dose are as follows：
Base manure：It transplants first 3 days, applied once after all base manure mixings；
First time topdressing：The 15th day after transplanting, 1.72kg urea, the application of 1.52kg potassium chloride mixings；
Second of top dressing：The 26th day after transplanting, 3.44kg urea, the application of 3.04kg potassium chloride mixings；
Third time top dressing：The 34th day after transplanting, 5.16kg urea, 4.56kg potassium chloride, 14.77kg calcium superphosphate mixings are applied
With；
4th top dressing：The 45th day after transplanting, 6.88kg urea, 6.08kg potassium chloride, 14.77kg calcium superphosphate mixings are applied
With；
5th fertilising：The 55th day after transplanting, 6.88kg urea, 6.08kg potassium chloride, 14.77kg calcium superphosphate mixings are applied
With；
6th fertilising：The 65th day after transplanting, 6.88kg urea, 6.08kg potassium chloride, 14.77kg calcium superphosphate mixings are applied
With.
Embodiment 4
The fertilizer variety and dose used is as shown in the table：
| Fertilizer variety | Amount of application (kg) per acre |
| Urea (N 46%) | 27.2 |
| Potassium sulfate (contains K 45%) | 17.8 |
| Calcium superphosphate (contains P 8%) | 75.0 |
| Wormcast (containing organic matter 36.8%, full N 2.05%, full P 2.18%, full K 1.31%) | 350 |
Wherein base manure is：350kg wormcasts, 2.72kg urea (account for urea total amount 10%), 1.78kg potassium sulfates (account for sulphur
The 10% of sour potassium total amount), 45.0kg calcium superphosphate (account for calcium superphosphate total amount 60%)；
Wherein top dressing is：24.48kg urea (account for urea total amount 90%), 16.02kg potassium sulfates (account for potassium sulfate total amount
90%), 30kg calcium superphosphate (account for calcium superphosphate total amount 40%).
Fertilizing time and each dose are as follows：
Base manure：It transplants first 5 days, applied once after all base manure mixings；
First time topdressing：The 11st day after transplanting, 1.36kg urea, the application of 0.89kg potassium sulfate mixings；
Second of top dressing：The 22nd day after transplanting, 2.72kg urea, the application of 1.78kg potassium sulfate mixings；
Third time top dressing：The 30th day after transplanting, 4.08kg urea, 2.67kg potassium sulfates, 7.5kg calcium superphosphate mixings are applied
With；
4th top dressing：The 42nd day after transplanting, 5.44kg urea, 3.56kg potassium sulfates, 7.5kg calcium superphosphate mixings are applied
With；
5th fertilising：The 52nd day after transplanting, 5.44kg urea, 3.56kg potassium sulfates, 7.5kg calcium superphosphate mixings are applied
With；
6th fertilising：The 62nd day after transplanting, 5.44kg urea, 3.56kg potassium sulfates, 7.5kg calcium superphosphate mixings are applied
With.
Embodiment 5
The fertilizer variety and dose used is as shown in the table：
| Fertilizer variety | Amount of application (kg) per acre |
| Urea (contains N 46%) | 15.2 |
| Potassium chloride (contains K 52%) | 11.5 |
| Calcium superphosphate (contains P 8%) | 87.5 |
| Poultry class compost (contains organic matter 51.4%, full N 3.44%, full P 0.88%, full K 2.61%) | 250 |
Wherein base manure is：250kg wormcasts, 1.52kg urea (account for urea total amount 10%), 1.15kg potassium chloride (account for chlorine
Change potassium total amount 10%), 52.5kg calcium superphosphate (account for calcium superphosphate total amount 60%)；
Wherein top dressing is：13.68kg urea (account for urea total amount 90%), 10.35kg potassium chloride (account for potassium chloride total amount
90%), 35kg calcium superphosphate (account for calcium superphosphate total amount 40%).
Fertilizing time and each dose are as follows：
Base manure：It transplants first 4 days, applied once after all base manure mixings；
First time topdressing：The 11st day after transplanting, 0.76g urea, the application of 0.58kg potassium chloride mixings；
Second of top dressing：The 22nd day after transplanting, 1.52kg urea, the application of 1.15kg potassium chloride mixings；
Third time top dressing：The 30th day after transplanting, 2.28kg urea, 1.73kg potassium chloride, 8.75kg calcium superphosphate mixings are applied
With；
4th top dressing：The 42nd day after transplanting, potassium, the application of 8.75kg calcium superphosphate mixings are changed in 3.04kg urea, 2.30；
5th fertilising：The 52nd day after transplanting, potassium, the application of 8.75kg calcium superphosphate mixings are changed in 3.04kg urea, 2.30；
6th fertilising：The 62nd day after transplanting, potassium, the application of 8.75kg calcium superphosphate mixings are changed in 3.04kg urea, 2.30.
Comparative example 1
The fertilizer variety and dose used in comparative example 1 is as shown in the table：
| Fertilizer variety | Amount of application (kg) per acre |
| Urea (contains N 46%) | 32.6 |
| Potassium chloride (contains K 52%) | 28.8 |
| Calcium superphosphate (contains P 8%) | 131.3 |
| Poultry class compost (containing organic matter 45.1%, full N 1.55%, full P 0.98%, full K 3.53%) | 300 |
Base manure is：300kg poultry classes compost, 3.26kg urea (account for urea total amount 10%), 2.88kg potassium chloride (account for chlorine
Change potassium total amount 10%), 78.78kg calcium superphosphate (account for calcium superphosphate total amount 60%)；
Top dressing is：29.34kg urea (account for urea total amount 90%), 25.92kg potassium chloride (account for potassium chloride total amount
90%), 52.52kg calcium superphosphate (account for calcium superphosphate total amount 40%).
Fertilizing time and each dose are as follows：
Base manure：Before transplanting, all base manure mixing applied onces；
Top dressing：The 11st day after transplanting, all top dressing mixing applied onces.
Comparative example 2
Inorganic fertilizer is only applied in comparative example 2, fertilizer variety and dose are as shown in the table：
| Fertilizer variety | Amount of application (kg) per acre |
| Urea (contains N 46%) | 42.71 |
| Potassium chloride (contains K 52%) | 49.16 |
| Calcium superphosphate (contains P 8%) | 168.05 |
Base manure：13.37kg urea, 23.25kg potassium chloride, the application of 115.53kg calcium superphosphate mixings.
First time topdressing：The 11st day after transplanting, 1.63kg urea, the application of 1.44kg potassium chloride mixings；
Second of top dressing：The 22nd day after transplanting, 3.26kg urea, the application of 2.88kg potassium chloride mixings；
Third time top dressing：The 30th day after transplanting, 4.89kg urea, 4.32kg potassium chloride, 13.13kg calcium superphosphate mixings are applied
With；
4th top dressing：The 42nd day after transplanting, 6.52kg urea, 5.76kg potassium chloride, 13.13kg calcium superphosphate mixings are applied
With；
5th fertilising：The 52nd day after transplanting, 6.52kg urea, 5.76kg potassium chloride, 13.13kg calcium superphosphate mixings are applied
With；
6th fertilising：The 62nd day after transplanting, 6.52kg urea, 5.76kg potassium chloride, 13.13kg calcium superphosphate mixings are applied
With.
Fertilizing method effect
The fertilizing method in Examples 1 to 5 and comparative example 1~2 is used to carry out field experiment respectively, it is as a result as follows：
1, white melon planting experiment
Planting site：Zhaoqing height is wanted.
The influence of dialogue melon yield and quality：
Influence to soil physical property and the content of organic matter
By the above field test results it is found that after using the fertilizing method in the present invention, the yield and quality of white melon is apparent
It is improved, white melon yield average out to 2066kg/66.7m2, compared with reference examples, output increased 21.2%, nitrate content is put down
It is 848.4mg/kg, compared with reference examples, nitrate content reduces by 14.7%, Vitamin C content average out to 79.4mg/kg,
Compared with reference examples, Vitamin C content improves 190.2%.
The physical behavior and the content of organic matter of soil improve significantly, soil density average out to 1.15g/cm3, and compare
Example is compared, and soil density reduces 7.9%, and total porosity average out to 53.75%, compared with reference examples, total porosity improves
12.7%, content of organic matter average out to 25.90g/kg, compared with reference examples, the content of organic matter improves 12.45%.
2, balsam pear planting experiment
Planting site：Nansha Area, Guangzhou.
Influence to quantity production of bitter melon and quality
Influence to soil physical property and the content of organic matter
By the above field test results it is found that after using the fertilizing method in the present invention, the yield and quality of balsam pear is apparent
It is improved, quantity production of bitter melon average out to 2166.4kg/66.7m2, compared with reference examples, output increased 6.6%, nitrate content
Average out to 744.9mg/kg, compared with reference examples, nitrate content reduces by 12.34%, Vitamin C content average out to 579.5mg/
Kg, compared with reference examples, Vitamin C content improves 34.0%.
The physical behavior and the content of organic matter of soil improve significantly, soil density average out to 1.12g/cm3, and compare
Example is compared, and soil density reduces 11.5%, and total porosity average out to 53.6%, compared with reference examples, total porosity improves
12.0%, content of organic matter average out to 27.65g/kg, compared with reference examples, the content of organic matter improves 18.6%.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of south vegetable plot fertilizing method, organic fertilizer is as base manure, and inorganic fertilizer is as base manure and top dressing；Inorganic nitrogen when top dressing
Fertile, inorganic potash fertilizer, which divides 6 times, to be imposed, and inorganic phosphorus fertilizer, which divides 4 times, to be imposed.
2. fertilizing method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Base manure is applied for 3 days before transplantation~5 days, and top dressing is total
Impose 6 times, chase after within the 7th~15 day after the transfer the 1st time, chase after within the 18th~26 day the 2nd time, chase after within the 27th~34 day the 3rd time, later every
It chases after within 10~15 days 1 time, inorganic nitrogeneous fertilizer, inorganic potash fertilizer are imposed in the 1st~6 time, and inorganic phosphorus fertilizer is imposed in the 3rd~6 time.
3. topdressing method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Organic fertilizer object and inorganic fertilizer are uniformly mixed and are used as base
Fertilizer imposes in kind of plant hole or kind planting ditch, and water drenching to soil is sufficiently humidified so as to after covering of banketing, and top dressing is imposed with water.
4. fertilizing method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Inorganic nitrogeneous fertilizer base manure and the ratio of top dressing be (5~
15)：(95~85), six ratios for imposing inorganic nitrogen fertilizer amount are 1:2:3:4:4:4.
5. fertilizing method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Inorganic potash fertilizer base manure and the ratio of top dressing be (5~
15)：(95~85), six ratios for imposing inorganic potassium fertilizer amount are 1:2:3:4:4:4.
6. fertilizing method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Inorganic phosphorus fertilizer base manure and the ratio of top dressing be (55~
65)：The ratio of (45~35), four top dressing Phos fertilizer amounts is 1:1:1:1.
7. fertilizing method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The amount of N, P, K are in total dose：
Inorganic fertilizer：7.0~15kg/ mus of N, 6.5~10.5kg/ mus of P, 6.0~15kg/ mus of K；
Organic fertilizer：4.7~8.6kg/ mus of N, 2.2~7.6kg/ mus of P, 4.6~10.6kg/ mus of K.
8. fertilizing method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Inorganic fertilizer is selected from urea, monoammonium phosphate, di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate
Ammonium, calcium superphosphate, potassium chloride, potassium sulfate.
9. fertilizing method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Organic fertilizer is selected from wormcast, poultry class compost.
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| CN109429658B (en) * | 2018-12-25 | 2021-07-30 | 湖南省林业科学院 | Fertilizing method for south poplar |
| CN111892448A (en) * | 2020-08-05 | 2020-11-06 | 山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 | Garlic fertilizer and application method thereof |
| CN112154756A (en) * | 2020-09-01 | 2021-01-01 | 海南省农业科学院农业环境与土壤研究所 | Application method of Hainan summer and autumn leaf vegetable fertilizer |
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Application publication date: 20180911 |