CN104756654A - Fertilizing method capable of improving utilization efficiency of phosphate fertilizer in vegetable farmland in south China - Google Patents
Fertilizing method capable of improving utilization efficiency of phosphate fertilizer in vegetable farmland in south China Download PDFInfo
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- CN104756654A CN104756654A CN201410826623.4A CN201410826623A CN104756654A CN 104756654 A CN104756654 A CN 104756654A CN 201410826623 A CN201410826623 A CN 201410826623A CN 104756654 A CN104756654 A CN 104756654A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a fertilizing method capable of improving the utilization efficiency of a phosphate fertilizer in vegetable farmland in south China. The fertilizing method comprises the following steps: testing soil for formulated fertilization, calculating a standard fertilizing amount for soil vegetable, using an organic fertilizer with a mol ratio of carbon to nitrogen of 20-35: 1 as a base fertilizer, spreading 300 to 1000 kg of the organic fertilizer over each mu of the soil in one step 2 to 3 weeks before planting of the vegetable, carrying out plowing and carrying out irrigation once, wherein plowing depth is 10 to 25 cm; and drying a field in the air, applying an inorganic fertilizer as a base fertilizer and carrying out topdressing three times in different growth periods of the vegetable. According to the invention, through application of the organic fertilizer with a certain carbon-to-nitrogen ratio, phosphorus absorption and activation capabilities of crops can be improved, the phosphorus concentration at a rhizosphere area is increased, the utilization efficiency of phosphorus is enhanced, and crop growth and high efficiency utilization of the phosphorus resource are promoted; so the key bottleneck problem of low fixed phosphorus utilization efficiency of red soil where accumulation of the fixed phosphorus is high in China is overcome, and the fertilizing method is of an important practical application value.
Description
Technical field:
The invention belongs to production technology of crops and Fertilizer application technical field, be specifically related to a kind of fertilizing method improving vegetables farmland, south China phosphate fertilizer utilization ratio.
Background technology:
Execute phosphate fertilizer amount in south China growing vegetables process higher, but soil is comparatively strong to P adsorption ability, a large amount of phosphorus element is accumulated in soil, causes phosphorus resource utilization ratio lower.And phosphorus ore is non-renewable resources, phosphate fertilizer is to the support of China's grain security and ensure that status just suffers stern challenge.It is estimated, China's phosphorus be accumulated in during 1980-2007 in soil reaches 8,500 ten thousand tons of P
2o
5above, a huge potential phosphorus storehouse is defined.Soil In Guangdong Province phosphorus content NULL shows, Soil In Guangdong Province 0 ~ 20cm soil layer content of tatal phosphorus reaches as high as 3.43gkg
-1but, at present South China's growing vegetables mode and management or extensive style use phosphate fertilizer in a large number, efficiencies is more and more lower, not only causes environmental problem to become increasingly conspicuous, and phosphate fertilizer utilization ratio is extremely low.
In order to improve phosphorous use efficiency, forefathers have carried out a large amount of research and development in application technology, and these technology can be summarized as following Four types:
One, to be cultivated New Crop Varieties by conventional breeding or transgenic molecules breeding methods or plant matter.At present, conventional breeding (comprise screening combines with domestication, hybridize combine with chemical or radioinduction) obtain the new varieties of phosphorus efficiency, such as Hua Zhong Agriculture University's utilization conversion citric acid synthesized enzyme gene cultivation phosphorus efficiency paddy rice (number of patent application: 02149378.2).
Two, cultivate by Crop Root Morphology and structural development regulatory pathway the new varieties adapting to low-phosphorous soil and acid ground.National inventing patent (patent name: a kind of malic acid transhipment subbase is because of GmALMT1 and application thereof is declared by such as Agricultural University Of South China.Inventor: Liang Cuiyue, Tian Jiang, Liao Hong.Number of patent application: 201210302082.6).
Three, by research and development activator for phosphor element of soil, improve soil available phosphorus content method.Such as, Shenyang Inst. of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences have developed a kind of activator for phosphor element of soil and application method, by using complexing agent, humus, filler, can activating soil phosphorus, keep soil phophorus high-level over a long time, reduce phosphate fertilizer input amount, environmentally safe (number of patent application: 200610046170.9).Xinjiang Institute of Biology, Soil and Desert, Chinese Academy of Sciences have developed microbial inoculum of a kind of activating rhizosphere soil phophorus and preparation method thereof, and (number of patent application: 94105175.7) has phosphorus-activated microbial inoculum by Pseudomonas development isolated in rhizosphere soil.
Four, improve by crop genetics measure the ability that crop obtains phosphorus.A lot of research shows, improving crop from insoluble phosphorus acquisition available phosphorus by agronomic measures is approach the most feasible at present.Such as Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai City have developed a kind of method (number of patent application: 201010216747.2) of control facility vegetable soil phosphorus nutrients lack of balance; Yintai Wuzhou Shidefu Fertilizer Co., Ltd have developed a kind of to increase operation rate and phosphorus decomposing alleviates the preparation method of the fertilizer of soil pollution (number of patent application: 201010207903.9) prepares fertiliser granulates by a kind of metalloproteinases and polyvinyl alcohol.By the introducing of metalloproteinases, the fertilizer of preparation effectively can promote that crop root is flourishing, and accelerate crop to the absorption of phosphorus, chemical fertilizer utilization ratio significantly improves, and fertilizing amount obviously reduces.Southwestern University, Xiamen University have developed the purposes of amino acid as Soil P release agent, improve the release of soil phosphorus from crop fertilization aspect.
But, lack to overcome crop because of phosphorus nourishing, Red Soils In South China area phosphate fertilizer is manured into soil in a large number usually used as base manure, red soil is caused to be fixed the strong of phosphorus element, in soil, total phosphorus content is too high, and available phosphorus content is lower, can not meet the demand of crop to phosphorus element, execute phosphate fertilizer and cultivation management pattern according to existing, crop is low to phosphorus resource utilization ratio.
Summary of the invention:
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of fertilizing method improving vegetables farmland, south China phosphate fertilizer utilization ratio.Utilize method of the present invention can solve Red Soils In South China fix the strong of phosphorus thus cause the problem that phosphorus resource utilization ratio is low.
The fertilizing method of vegetables farmland, raising south China of the present invention phosphate fertilizer utilization ratio, it is characterized in that, first fertilization compositions based on earth measurement is carried out to soil, calculate the standard manuring amount determining soil vegetables, before growing vegetables 2 ~ 3 weeks, using the ratio of the amount of carbon nitrogen material be 20 ~ 35:1 fertilizer as base manure according to 300 ~ 1000kg/ mu disposable spread be manured into soil in and turn over, pour water, ploughing depth is 10 ~ 25cm; Land for growing field crops is dried, and then executes inorganic fertilizer as base manure, and vegetables different growing is topdressed 3 times; Inorganic fertilizer is as base manure, and N P and K is respectively 10 ~ 40%, 60%, 10 ~ 40% of standard manuring amount; Inorganic fertilizer topdresses, when animated period topdresses, its N P and K is respectively 20 ~ 30%, 10%, 20 ~ 30% of standard manuring amount, when flowering stage topdresses, its N P and K is respectively 20 ~ 30%, 10%, 20 ~ 30% of standard manuring amount, and when harvest time topdresses, its N P and K is respectively 20 ~ 30%, 10%, 20 ~ 30% of standard manuring amount; When inorganic fertilizer topdresses, outside main root, horizontal direction 10 ~ 15cm carries out row replacement, and fertilization depth is 7 ~ 12cm.
Described pours water, and frequency of irrigation is preferably 1 time.
Described topdresses without breeding time vegetables, and the number of times that preferably topdresses is 3 times.
Described inorganic fertilizer, preferred nitrogenous fertilizer is contain the nitrogenous fertilizer that N mass fraction is the urea of 46%, and phosphate fertilizer is for containing P
2o
5mass fraction is the phosphate fertilizer of the superphosphate of 12%, and potash fertilizer is for containing K
2o mass fraction is the potash fertilizer of the potassium sulfate of 50%.
Carry out fertilization compositions based on earth measurement to soil in the present invention, calculating the standard manuring amount determining soil vegetables, is routine techniques means.
The fertilizing method of vegetables farmland, raising south China of the present invention phosphate fertilizer utilization ratio, by using the fertilizer of a certain amount of C/N ratio, fertilizer can improve the ability that crops absorb activation phosphorus, improve rhizosphere region phosphorus concentration, improve phosphorus use efficiency, promote plant growth and phosphor resource efficiency utilization, one that solves that China's red soil stationary state phosphorus element accumulation is high and utilization ratio is low crucial bottleneck problem, has important actual application value.Method provided by the invention is easy and simple to handle, easy, can be widely used in the crop production of red earth area.
Embodiment:
Following examples further illustrate of the present invention, instead of limitation of the present invention.
The test method used in following examples if no special instructions, is conventional method.
The material used in following examples, reagent, if no special instructions, all can from commercial channels in obtain
Embodiment 1:
Implement place: in vegetables experimental cultivation base, Baiyun District, Guangzhou City, soil is clay loam after measured, and the soil total phosphorus content that 0 ~ 20cm is dark is 1.52%, available phosphorus (NaHCO
3extract) be 17.3mg/kg.
Trial crops: balsam pear.
Test fertilizer kind is self-control chicken manure organic fertilizer (C/N ratio 20:1, P
2o
5content is 0.48%; Preparation method is: according to mass fraction 100%, is all mixed by the auxiliary material (powder of straw) of the chicken manure of 70% and 30%, then compost, starts overturning, once a day during heap temperature rise to 60 DEG C; Moisture controls at 50%-60%, and it is agglomerating without water droplet that hand grabs material, looses one's grip and namely fall apart, and namely can directly utilize), its fertilizing amount is 300kg/ mu.
Test inorganic fertilizer: nitrogenous fertilizer is the urea of 46% containing N mass fraction; Phosphate fertilizer, containing P
2o
5mass fraction is the superphosphate of 12%; Potash fertilizer, containing K
2o mass fraction is the potassium sulfate of 50%.
Method of operating: first, the soil treating kind of balsam pear carries out fertilization compositions based on earth measurement, calculate the standard manuring amount determining this soil balsam pear, calculate through fertilization compositions based on earth measurement, the standard manuring amount of this plot balsam pear is purity nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium are 11.0kg/ mu, 6.7kg/ mu, 8.1kg/ mu; Then select C/N ratio be 20 self-control chicken manure organic fertilizer (P
2o
5content is 0.48%); To treat organic fertilizer as base manure is disposable be manured into soil in and turn over, fertilizing amount is 1000kg/ mu, and fertilization mode is for spreading fertilizer over the fields; After balsam pear plantation is turned over for first 2 weeks, the degree of depth is 10cm; Pour water 1 time, inorganic fertilizer is used after drying in land for growing field crops; When inorganic fertilizer makes base manure: its N P and K is respectively 10%, 60%, 10% of standard manuring amount; When inorganic fertilizer topdresses: for a long time prosperous, its N P and K is respectively 30%, 10%, 30% of standard manuring amount; In flowering stage, its N P and K is respectively 30%, 10%, 30% of standard manuring amount; In harvest time, its N P and K is respectively 30%, 10%, 30% of standard manuring amount, and when inorganic fertilizer topdresses, outside main root, horizontal direction 10 ~ 15cm carries out row replacement, and the degree of depth of topdressing is 7 ~ 12cm.
Result of study shows: when azophoska amount of application and other growth conditions are all identical, and the present embodiment is than in vegetable grower's traditional fertilization situation, and 0 ~ 20cm rhizosphere soil available phosphorus content adds 15.9 ~ 30.5% within balsam pear whole breeding time; The present embodiment is than in not application of organic fertilizers situation, and 0 ~ 20cm rhizosphere soil available phosphorus content adds 20.5 ~ 40.7%, saves Phosphorus Fertilizer Rates 21.5% than conventional fertilizer application.
Embodiment 2:
Implement place: vegetables experimental cultivation base, Zengcheng, Guangzhou, soil is sandy loam after measured, and the soil total phosphorus content that 0 ~ 20cm is dark is 1.21%, available phosphorus (NaHCO
3extract) be 11.5mg/kg.
Trial crops: joint melon.
Test fertilizer used: be self-prepared organic fertilizer, the mushroom mushroom slag in this self-prepared organic fertilizer and the mass ratio of chicken manure are 3:2, pH 7.4, C/N ratio 35:1; Preparation method is: according to mass fraction 100%, the mushroom mushroom slag of 60% and the chicken manure of 40% is all mixed, then compost, and heap temperature rise starts overturning to during 55-60 DEG C, once a day; Moisture controls at 50%-60%, and it is agglomerating without water droplet that hand grabs material, looses one's grip and namely fall apart, and can directly utilize.
Test inorganic fertilizer: nitrogenous fertilizer is the urea of 46% containing N mass fraction; Phosphate fertilizer, containing P
2o
5mass fraction is the superphosphate of 12%; Potash fertilizer, containing K
2o mass fraction is the potassium sulfate of 50%.
Method of operating: first, calculates through fertilization compositions based on earth measurement, and the standard manuring amount of this plot joint melon is purity nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium are 9.2kg/ mu, 7.7kg/ mu, 8.2kg/ mu; Then select C/N ratio be 35 fertilizer; To treat organic fertilizer as base manure is disposable be manured into soil in and turn over, fertilizing amount is 1000kg/ mu, and fertilization mode is for spreading fertilizer over the fields; After the plantation of joint melon is turned over for first 3 weeks, the degree of depth is 25cm; Pour water 1 time, inorganic fertilizer is used after drying in land for growing field crops; When inorganic fertilizer makes base manure: its N P and K is respectively 40%, 60%, 40% of standard manuring amount; When inorganic fertilizer topdresses: for a long time prosperous, its N P and K is respectively 20%, 10%, 20% of standard manuring amount; In flowering stage, its N P and K is respectively 20%, 10%, 20% of standard manuring amount; In harvest time, its N P and K is respectively 20%, 10%, 20% of standard manuring amount, and when inorganic fertilizer topdresses, horizontal direction 10 ~ 15cm row replacement outside main root, the degree of depth of topdressing is 7 ~ 12cm.
Result of study shows: when azophoska amount of application and other growth conditions are all identical, and the present embodiment is than under vegetable grower's traditional fertilization administrative situation, and 0 ~ 20cm rhizosphere soil available phosphorus content adds 21.2 ~ 28.7% within joint melon whole breeding time; The present embodiment is than in not application of organic fertilizers situation, and 0 ~ 20cm rhizosphere soil available phosphorus content adds 17.3 ~ 33.2%, saves Phosphorus Fertilizer Rates 25.3% than conventional fertilizer application.
Embodiment 3:
Implement place: vegetables experimental cultivation base, Baiyun District, Guangzhou City, soil is clay loam after measured, and 0 ~ 20cm soil total phosphorus content is 1.86%, available phosphorus (NaHCO
3extract) be 20.1mg/kg.
Trial crops: eggplant.
Testing fertilizer kind used is positive famous commodity fertilizer (C/N ratio 25:1), and its fertilizing amount is 500kg/ mu.
Test inorganic fertilizer: nitrogenous fertilizer is the urea of 46% containing N mass fraction; Phosphate fertilizer, containing P
2o
5mass fraction is the superphosphate of 12%; Potash fertilizer, containing K
2o mass fraction is the potassium sulfate of 50%.
Method of operating: first, calculate through fertilization compositions based on earth measurement, the standard manuring amount of this plot eggplant is purity nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium are 10.0kg/ mu, 8.1kg/ mu, 8.6kg/ mu; Then select C/N ratio be 25 fertilizer; To treat that organic fertilizer is manured into soil as base manure is disposable and turns over, fertilizing amount is 500kg/ mu, and fertilization mode is for spreading fertilizer over the fields; After eggplant plantation is turned over for first 2 weeks, the degree of depth is 15cm; Pour water 1 time, inorganic fertilizer is used after drying in land for growing field crops; When inorganic fertilizer makes base manure: its N P and K is respectively 30%, 60%, 30% of standard manuring amount; When inorganic fertilizer topdresses: for a long time prosperous, its N P and K is respectively 20%, 10%, 20% of standard manuring amount; In flowering stage, its N P and K is respectively 30%, 10%, 30% of standard manuring amount; In harvest time, its N P and K is respectively 20%, 10%, 20% of standard manuring amount, and when inorganic fertilizer topdresses, horizontal direction 10 ~ 15cm row replacement outside main root, the degree of depth of topdressing is 7 ~ 12cm.
Result of study shows: when azophoska amount of application and other growth conditions are all identical, and in the fertilizing management situation that the present embodiment is more traditional than vegetable grower product, 0 ~ 20cm rhizosphere soil available phosphorus content adds 12.3 ~ 20.1% within eggplant whole breeding time; The present embodiment is than in not application of organic fertilizers situation, and 0 ~ 20cm rhizosphere soil available phosphorus content adds 19.6 ~ 28.3%, saves Phosphorus Fertilizer Rates 22.1% than conventional fertilizer application.
Claims (4)
1. one kind is improved the fertilizing method of vegetables farmland, south China phosphate fertilizer utilization ratio, it is characterized in that, first fertilization compositions based on earth measurement is carried out to soil, calculate the standard manuring amount determining soil vegetables, before growing vegetables 2 ~ 3 weeks, using the ratio of the amount of carbon nitrogen material be 20 ~ 35:1 fertilizer as base manure according to 300 ~ 1000kg/ mu disposable spread be manured into soil in and turn over, pour water, ploughing depth is 10 ~ 25cm; Land for growing field crops is dried, and then executes inorganic fertilizer as base manure, topdresses in vegetables different growing; Inorganic fertilizer is as base manure, and N P and K is respectively 10 ~ 40%, 60%, 10 ~ 40% of standard manuring amount; Inorganic fertilizer topdresses, when animated period topdresses, its N P and K is respectively 20 ~ 30%, 10%, 20 ~ 30% of standard manuring amount, when flowering stage topdresses, its N P and K is respectively 20 ~ 30%, 10%, 20 ~ 30% of standard manuring amount, and when harvest time topdresses, its N P and K is respectively 20 ~ 30%, 10%, 20 ~ 30% of standard manuring amount; When inorganic fertilizer topdresses, outside main root, horizontal direction 10 ~ 15cm carries out row replacement, and fertilization depth is 7 ~ 12cm.
2. the fertilizing method of vegetables farmland, raising south China according to claim 1 phosphate fertilizer utilization ratio, it is characterized in that, described pours water, and frequency of irrigation is 1 time.
3. the fertilizing method of vegetables farmland, raising south China according to claim 1 phosphate fertilizer utilization ratio, it is characterized in that, described topdresses without breeding time vegetables, and the number of times that topdresses is 3 times.
4. the fertilizing method of vegetables farmland, raising south China according to claim 1 phosphate fertilizer utilization ratio, is characterized in that, described inorganic fertilizer, and nitrogenous fertilizer is contain the nitrogenous fertilizer that N mass fraction is the urea of 46%, and phosphate fertilizer is for containing P
2o
5mass fraction is the phosphate fertilizer of the superphosphate of 12%, and potash fertilizer is for containing K
2o mass fraction is the potash fertilizer of the potassium sulfate of 50%.
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| CN108516880A (en) * | 2018-04-27 | 2018-09-11 | 广东省生态环境技术研究所 | A kind of south vegetable plot fertilizing method |
| CN111869388A (en) * | 2020-07-16 | 2020-11-03 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Method for determining application amount of farmland fertilizer |
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| CN111869388A (en) * | 2020-07-16 | 2020-11-03 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Method for determining application amount of farmland fertilizer |
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