CN103283470A - Fertilizing method for improving utilization rate of fertilizer for kidney beans - Google Patents
Fertilizing method for improving utilization rate of fertilizer for kidney beans Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a fertilizing method for improving the utilization rate of fertilizer for kidney beans. According to the fertilizing method for improving the utilization rate of the fertilizer for kidney beans, firstly, the soil where the kidney beans are to be planted is tested for formulated fertilization, and the standard fertilizing amount of the soil for the kidney beans is calculated and determined; tomato straw air dry matters are cut off two or three weeks before the kidney beans are planted, after the cut tomato straw air dry matters are evenly scattered into the soil of lands according to the amount of 200 kilogram per mu, and the soil is turned over, the soil is irrigated one time, base fertilizer is applied after the lands are dried in the air, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is respectively 10%, 60% and 10% of the standard fertilizing amount, and additional fertilizer is applied six times. The fertilizing method for improving the utilization rate of the fertilizer for kidney beans can effectively solve the problem of blind fertilization of vegetable growers, improves the utilization rate of fertilizer by 30-40% compared with a traditional fertilization method, improves the agronomy utilization rate by 30-43% compared with a conventional fertilization method, improves the commodity rate and the output of kidney beans, improves the quality of kidney beans, and enables planting of kidney beans to have good application prospects in the Southern like the Guangdong province.
Description
Technical field:
The invention belongs to production technology of crops, fertilizer operation technique field, be specifically related to a kind of fertilizing method that improves the fresh kidney beans utilization rate of fertilizer.
Background technology:
Nutrient miscarriages such as fertilizer bring serious resource environment problem, and along with improving constantly of fertilizer amount, its availability and utilization ratio lack decline gradually.Intensive vegetables production base, area, Pearl River Delta fertilizing amount is excessive, and the cropping index height causes the accumulation of field of vegetables nutrient higher, and average amount of nitrogen is 328.7kg/hm
2, high rates of nitrogen are 1732.5kg/hm
2, utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer is 12.9%, well below 27.5% of national this season utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer.Vegetable plot 0～20cm soil layer content of tatal phosphorus is up to 3.43g kg
-1, Olsen-P reaches as high as 321mg kg
-1, mean value is 96mg kg
-1, cause soil " eutrophication " and serious problems such as nutrient imbalance and the soil salinization to occur.The azophoska that vegetables are used in producing is higher than crop demand or recommended fertilizer far away, and fertilizing time and growth and development of plants phase nutrient demand do not match, cause the azophoska availability lower, constantly raising up of agriculture production cost, add the restriction of resource, it is more and more littler continue to rely on the matter and energy of great number to drop into to obtain the space of output, and nutrient loss seriously causes outstanding environmental problem.In order to improve utilization rate of fertilizer, forefathers have carried out a large amount of research and development aspect application technology, and these technology can be summarized as following four types:
One, cultivate crop new varieties or germplasm by transgenosis molecule or conventional breeding approach.At present, conventional breeding (comprise screening and domestication combine with chemistry or radioinduction in conjunction with, hybridization etc.) has obtained the new varieties that nutrient efficient absorbs, and for example Hua Zhong Agriculture University utilizes the conversion citrate synthetase gene cultivation phosphorus efficiency paddy rice (patent No.: 02149378).
Two, the new varieties of cultivating adapted soil by crop root form and structural development regulatory pathway.For example national inventing patent (patent name: function and application that GmAlMT1 regulating and controlling soybean alumite is poisoned is declared by Agricultural University Of South China.Inventor: Liang Cuiyue, Tian Jiang, Liao Hong.Application number is 201210302082.6).。
Three, pass through the raising of fertilization compositions based on earth measurement technology and nutrient resource management techniques to the efficient utilization of nutrient resource, reduce the uncontrolled input of nutrient.The regulation measure of fertilizing time and amount of application, improve soil nutrient utilization ratio method, according to settle the standard fertilizing amount and according to plant growth with grow the fertilizing method (patent announcement number: CN102308697B) of the characteristic of nutrient demand being determined the phase of topdressing and amount of application of crop target output.
Four, improve the ability that crop obtains nutrient by the crop genetics measure.Studies show that much obtaining more nutrient by agronomic measures raising crop from soil is present the most feasible approach.For example a kind of method (number of patent application: 201010216747) of control facility vegetable field soil phosphorus nutrient lack of balanceization has been developed in the Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai City; Yintai Wuzhou Shidefu Fertilizer Co., Ltd has developed a kind of increasing operation rate and has alleviated preparation method's (number of patent application: 201010207903) of the fertilizer of soil pollution with phosphorus decomposing.
Yet according to existing fertilising and cultivation management pattern, the vegetable grower applies inorganic fertilizer usually in a large number, causes in the soil nutrient content too high, perhaps nutrient loss, and crop is low to the nutrient level of resources utilization.Therefore, solve low this difficult problem of South China's nutrient level of resources utilization, be necessary to formulate new fertilising and administrative skill, for this reason, we are on the fertilization compositions based on earth measurement technical foundation, precisely determined standard manuring amount, solved the problem that the vegetable grower blindly applies fertilizer effectively by reasonable formulation topdressing amount and topdress period and soil cultivation control measures, can effectively improve nutrientuse efficiency by rationally topdress period and topdressing amount, satisfying the growth of crop different growing is best at present method to nutrient demand.
Summary of the invention:
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of fertilizing method that improves the fresh kidney beans utilization rate of fertilizer.
The fertilizing method of raising fresh kidney beans utilization rate of fertilizer of the present invention is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
Inorganic fertilizer: nitrogenous fertilizer: contain the N mass fraction and be 46% urea; Phosphate fertilizer: contain P
2O
5Mass fraction is 12% superphosphate and potash fertilizer: contain K
2The O mass fraction is 50% potassium sulphate; Fertilizer: the air-dry thing of tomato stalk;
The soil for the treatment of kind of fresh kidney beans carries out fertilization compositions based on earth measurement, calculates the standard manuring amount of determining these soil fresh kidney beans;
Preceding 2～3 weeks of fresh kidney beans plantations with the air-dry thing chopping of tomato stalk, after evenly spreading in the soil in land for growing field crops by 200 kilograms/mu amounts, turning over, pour water 1 time, basal dressing is afterwards dried in the land for growing field crops, nitrogen phosphorus potassium is 10%, 60%, 10% of standard manuring amount; Topdress six times; Final singling imposed once after 12 days, the 5-10cm fertilizer of ditching or spread manuer in holes on the horizontal both direction of main root, and the degree of depth is 4-8cm, nitrogen potassium is 5%, 5% of standard manuring amount; Final singling two fortnights carry out secondary and topdress, and carry out row replacement in the 5-10cm distance of the main root outside, and the degree of depth is 5-10cm, and nitrogen potassium is 10%, 10% of standard manuring amount; Topdress in flowering stage for the third time, in the horizontal direction 10-15cm row replacement of the main root outside, degree of depth 7-12cm, nitrogen phosphorus potassium is 15%, 10%, 15% of standard manuring amount; Topdress for fourth, fifth time respectively after results fresh kidney beans 1 time, 3 times in the horizontal direction 10-15cm row replacement of the main root outside, degree of depth 10-15cm, chase after nitrogen phosphorus potassium is 20%, 10%, 20% of standard manuring amount at every turn; Topdress for the 6th time after results fresh kidney beans 5 times in the horizontal direction 10-15cm row replacement of the main root outside, degree of depth 10-15cm, chase after nitrogen phosphorus potassium is 20%, 10%, 20% of standard manuring amount at every turn.
The present invention can effectively solve blindly problem of fertilization of vegetable grower, utilization rate of fertilizer improves 30%-45% than traditional fertilization, and the agronomy availability improves 30%-43% than conventional fertilizer application, improves fresh kidney beans commodity rate and output, improve its quality, southern fresh kidney beans plantation has a good application prospect in Guangdong etc.
Embodiment:
Following embodiment further specifies of the present invention, rather than limitation of the present invention.
Employed experimental technique is conventional method if no special instructions among the following embodiment.
Used material, reagent etc. if no special instructions, all can obtain from commercial channels among the following embodiment.
Embodiment 1:
Implement the place: in Guangdong Prov. Inst. of Ecological Environment ﹠ Soil Science vegetables test planting base (Guangzhou white clouds), soil is clay loam after measured, and 0-20cm soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content is 94.4mg/Kg, and total phosphorus content is 1.52%, available phosphorus (NaHCO
3Extract) be 17.3mg/Kg, quick-acting potassium content 86.8mg/Kg.
Trial crops: fresh kidney beans
Fertile amount amount of application: calculate through fertilization compositions based on earth measurement, the standard manuring amount of these plot fresh kidney beans is that purity nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium are 12.0kg/ mu, 7.0kg/ mu, 8.5kg/ mu; Fertilizer is the air-dry thing of tomato rattan, uses 200 kilograms/mu.Inorganic fertilizer is urea (containing N46%), and superphosphate (contains P
2O
512%), potassium sulphate (contains K
2O50%).
Mode of operation: planted preceding 17 days, with the air-dry thing chopping of tomato rattan stalk, evenly be sprinkling upon on the soil, amount of application 200Kg/ mu, the back of turning over, pour water once, its upper soll layer flooding depth is 5cm, the waterflooding time is 7 days, dry then, dry back (when fresh kidney beans are planted preceding 7 days) and use base manure, use purity nitrogen 1.2Kg, pure phosphorus 4.2Kg, pure potassium 0.85Kg for every mu, ploughing depth is 10cm; Grow according to fresh kidney beans the nutrient demand feature is topdressed six times, topdressing for the first time emerges at fresh kidney beans used in back 12 days, used purity nitrogen 0.6Kg, pure potassium 0.425Kg for every mu, and 5cm spreads manuer in holes on the horizontal both direction of fresh kidney beans main root, and the degree of depth is 5cm; Topdressing for the second time emerges at fresh kidney beans used in back 24 days, used purity nitrogen 1.2Kg, pure potassium 0.85Kg for every mu, and in the interior trench digging row replacement of main root outside 5cm distance, the degree of depth is 5cm at fresh kidney beans; Other conventional treatment of applying fertilizer.Topdress for the third time and when blooming, carry out, in the horizontal direction 10cm row replacement of the main root outside, degree of depth 7cm, nitrogen phosphorus potassium is respectively every mu of purity nitrogen 1.80Kg, every mu of pure phosphorus 0.70Kg, every mu of pure potassium 1.275Kg; Topdress for fourth, fifth time respectively and to carry out after results fresh kidney beans 1 time, 3 times, in the horizontal direction 10cm row replacement of the main root outside, degree of depth 10cm chases after nitrogen phosphorus potassium at every turn and is respectively every mu of purity nitrogen 2.40Kg, every mu of pure phosphorus 0.70Kg, every mu of pure potassium 1.70Kg; Topdress for the 6th time and carry out after fresh kidney beans are gathered in the crops 5 times, in the horizontal direction 10cm row replacement of the main root outside, degree of depth 10cm chases after nitrogen phosphorus potassium and is respectively every mu of purity nitrogen 2.40Kg, every mu of pure phosphorus 0.70Kg, every mu of pure potassium 1.70Kg; Other conventional treatment of applying fertilizer.
Result of study shows: according to the aforesaid operations mode, at other growth conditions all under the identical situation, this embodiment 1 than conventional fertilizer application (local vegetable grower's traditional fertilization: before cultivating, fertilizer, phosphorus potash fertilizer are disposable employed, nitrogenous fertilizer topdresses 3 times, spread fertilizer over the fields, use after a large amount of results of fresh kidney beans) save the azophoska consumption and be respectively 31.2%, 26.0%, 21.5%; The azophoska availability improves 30%, 38.8%, 35.9% than conventional fertilizer application, and the agronomy availability improves 33.2%, 42.3%, 35.9% than conventional fertilizer application; The fresh kidney beans nitrate content reduces by 13%, and the commercialization rate improves 14%, and output improves 5%.
Embodiment 2:
Implement the place: in Guangdong Prov. Inst. of Ecological Environment ﹠ Soil Science vegetables test planting base (Zengcheng, Guangzhou), soil is sandy loam, and 0-20cm soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content is 73.2mg/Kg, and total phosphorus content is 1.21%, available phosphorus (NaHCO
3Extract) be 11.5mg/Kg, quick-acting potassium content 86.8mg/Kg.
Trial crops: fresh kidney beans
Fertile amount amount of application: calculate through fertilization compositions based on earth measurement, the standard manuring amount of these plot fresh kidney beans is that purity nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium are 14.0kg/ mu, 8.5kg/ mu, 9.8kg/ mu; Fertilizer is the air-dry thing of tomato rattan, uses 200 kilograms/mu.Inorganic fertilizer is urea (containing N46%), and superphosphate (contains P
2O
512%), potassium sulphate (contains K
2O50%).
Mode of operation: planted preceding 14 days, and with the chopping of the air-dry thing of tomato rattan stalk, evenly be sprinkling upon on the soil, amount of application 200Kg/ mu is turned over, waterflooding, its upper soll layer flooding depth be 5cm, and the waterflooding time is 5 days, dries then; Dry back (when fresh kidney beans are planted preceding 5 days) and use base manure, use purity nitrogen 1.4Kg, pure phosphorus 5.1Kg, pure potassium 0.98Kg for every mu, ploughing depth is 10cm; Grow according to fresh kidney beans the nutrient demand feature is topdressed six times, topdressing for the first time emerges at fresh kidney beans used in back 12 days, used purity nitrogen 0.7Kg, pure potassium 0.49Kg for every mu, and 5cm spreads manuer in holes on the horizontal both direction of fresh kidney beans main root, and the degree of depth is 4cm; Topdressing for the second time emerges at fresh kidney beans used in back 24 days, used purity nitrogen 1.4Kg, pure potassium 0.98Kg for every mu, and in the interior trench digging row replacement of main root outside 5cm distance, the degree of depth is 5cm at fresh kidney beans; Other conventional treatment of applying fertilizer.Topdress for the third time and when blooming, carry out, in the horizontal direction 10cm row replacement of the main root outside, degree of depth 7cm, purity nitrogen phosphorus potassium is respectively every mu of purity nitrogen 2.10Kg, every mu of pure phosphorus 0.85Kg, every mu of pure potassium 1.47Kg; Topdress for fourth, fifth time respectively and to carry out after results fresh kidney beans 1 time, 3 times, in the horizontal direction 15cm row replacement of the main root outside, degree of depth 10cm chases after purity nitrogen phosphorus potassium at every turn and is respectively every mu of purity nitrogen 2.80Kg, every mu of pure phosphorus 0.85Kg, every mu of pure potassium 1.96Kg; Topdress for the 6th time and carry out after fresh kidney beans are gathered in the crops 5 times, in the horizontal direction 15cm row replacement of the main root outside, degree of depth 12cm chases after purity nitrogen phosphorus potassium and is respectively every mu of purity nitrogen 2.80Kg, every mu of pure phosphorus 0.85Kg, every mu of pure potassium 1.96Kg; Other conventional treatment of applying fertilizer.
Result of study: according to the aforesaid operations mode, at other growth conditions all under the identical situation, this embodiment 2 than conventional fertilizer application (local vegetable grower's traditional fertilization: before cultivating, fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer are disposable employed, nitrogen potash fertilizer topdresses 3 times, spread fertilizer over the fields, use after a large amount of results of fresh kidney beans) save the azophoska consumption and be respectively 13.1%, 21.2%, 23.3%; The azophoska availability improves 32.8%, 33.1%, 45.0% than conventional fertilizer application, and the agronomy availability improves 30.1%, 35.1%, 43.0% than conventional fertilizer application; The fresh kidney beans nitrate content reduces by 12%, and the commercialization rate improves 10%, and output improves 4%.
Embodiment 3
Implement the place: in Guangdong Prov. Inst. of Ecological Environment ﹠ Soil Science vegetables test planting base (Guangzhou white clouds), soil is clay loam after measured, and 0-20cm soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content is 134.2mg/Kg, and total phosphorus content is 1.86%, available phosphorus (NaHCO
3Extract) be 20.1mg/Kg, quick-acting potassium content 103.2mg/Kg.
Trial crops: fresh kidney beans
Fertile amount amount of application: calculate through fertilization compositions based on earth measurement, the standard manuring amount of these plot fresh kidney beans is that purity nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium are 10.0kg/ mu, 7.2kg/ mu, 7.9kg/ mu; Fertilizer is the air-dry thing of tomato rattan, uses 200 kilograms/mu.Inorganic fertilizer is urea (containing N46%), and superphosphate (contains P
2O
512%), potassium sulphate (contains K
2O50%).
Mode of operation: planted preceding 21 days, with the air-dry thing chopping of tomato rattan stalk, evenly be sprinkling upon on the soil, amount of application 200Kg/ mu is turned over, waterflooding, its upper soll layer flooding depth be 10cm, and the waterflooding time is 10 days, dry then, dry back (when fresh kidney beans are planted preceding 7 days) and use base manure, use purity nitrogen 1.0Kg, pure phosphorus 4.32Kg, pure potassium 0.79Kg for every mu, ploughing depth is 15cm; Grow according to fresh kidney beans the nutrient demand feature is topdressed six times, topdressing for the first time emerges at fresh kidney beans used in back 12 days, used purity nitrogen 0.50Kg, pure potassium 0.395Kg for every mu, and 10cm spreads manuer in holes on the horizontal both direction of fresh kidney beans main root, and the degree of depth is 8cm; Topdressing for the second time emerges at fresh kidney beans used in back 24 days, used purity nitrogen 1.0Kg, pure potassium 0.79Kg for every mu, and in the interior trench digging fertilising of main root outside 10cm distance, the degree of depth is 10cm at fresh kidney beans; Topdress for the third time and when blooming, carry out, in the horizontal direction 15cm row replacement of the main root outside, degree of depth 12cm, nitrogen phosphorus potassium is respectively every mu of purity nitrogen 1.50Kg, every mu of pure phosphorus 0.72Kg, every mu of pure potassium 1.185Kg; Topdress for fourth, fifth time respectively and to carry out after results fresh kidney beans 1 time, 3 times, in the horizontal direction 15cm row replacement of the main root outside, degree of depth 15cm chases after nitrogen phosphorus potassium at every turn and is respectively every mu of purity nitrogen 2.0Kg, every mu of pure phosphorus 0.72Kg, every mu of pure potassium 1.58Kg; Topdress for the 6th time and carry out after fresh kidney beans are gathered in the crops 5 times, in the horizontal direction 15cm row replacement of the main root outside, degree of depth 15cm chases after nitrogen phosphorus potassium and is respectively every mu of purity nitrogen 2.0Kg, every mu of pure phosphorus 0.72Kg, every mu of pure potassium 1.58Kg; Other conventional treatment of applying fertilizer.
Result of study: according to the aforesaid operations mode, at other growth conditions all under the identical situation, this embodiment 3 than conventional fertilizer application (local vegetable grower's traditional fertilization: before cultivating, fertilizer, phosphorus potash fertilizer are disposable employed, nitrogenous fertilizer topdresses 3 times, spread fertilizer over the fields, use after a large amount of results of fresh kidney beans) save the azophoska consumption and be respectively 16.9%, 16.8%, 24.1%; The azophoska availability improves 35.0%, 32.1%, 43.1% than conventional fertilizer application, and the agronomy availability improves 34.1%, 32.2%, 39.1% than conventional fertilizer application; The fresh kidney beans nitrate content reduces by 8%, and the commercialization rate improves 12%, and output improves 6%.
Claims (1)
1. a fertilizing method that improves the fresh kidney beans utilization rate of fertilizer is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
Inorganic fertilizer: nitrogenous fertilizer: contain the N mass fraction and be 46% urea; Phosphate fertilizer: contain P
2O
5Mass fraction is 12% superphosphate and potash fertilizer: contain K
2The O mass fraction is 50% potassium sulphate; Fertilizer: the air-dry thing of tomato stalk;
The soil for the treatment of kind of fresh kidney beans carries out fertilization compositions based on earth measurement, calculates the standard manuring amount of determining these soil fresh kidney beans;
Preceding 2～3 weeks of fresh kidney beans plantations with the air-dry thing chopping of tomato stalk, after evenly spreading in the soil in land for growing field crops by 200 kilograms/mu amounts, turning over, pour water 1 time, basal dressing is afterwards dried in the land for growing field crops, nitrogen phosphorus potassium is 10%, 60%, 10% of standard manuring amount; Topdress six times: final singling imposed once after 12 days, the 5-10cm fertilizer of ditching or spread manuer in holes on the horizontal both direction of main root, and the degree of depth is 4-8cm, nitrogen potassium is 5%, 5% of standard manuring amount; Final singling two fortnights carry out secondary and topdress, and carry out row replacement in the 5-10cm distance of the main root outside, and the degree of depth is 5-10cm, and nitrogen potassium is 10%, 10% of standard manuring amount; Topdress in flowering stage for the third time, in the horizontal direction 10-15cm row replacement of the main root outside, degree of depth 7-12cm, nitrogen phosphorus potassium is 15%, 10%, 15% of standard manuring amount; Topdress for fourth, fifth time respectively after results fresh kidney beans 1 time, 3 times in the horizontal direction 10-15cm row replacement of the main root outside, degree of depth 10-15cm, chase after nitrogen phosphorus potassium is 20%, 10%, 20% of standard manuring amount at every turn; Topdress for the 6th time after results fresh kidney beans 5 times in the horizontal direction 10-15cm row replacement of the main root outside, degree of depth 10-15cm, chase after nitrogen phosphorus potassium is 20%, 10%, 20% of standard manuring amount at every turn.
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| CN105794379A (en) * | 2014-12-30 | 2016-07-27 | 王芝 | Method of soil testing and fertilization of rape |
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| CN115918341A (en) * | 2023-01-06 | 2023-04-07 | 东北农业大学 | Method for applying soybean high-efficiency nitrogen fertilizer |
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| CN103283470B (en) | 2014-08-27 |
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