CN103283470B - Fertilizing method for improving utilization rate of fertilizer for kidney beans - Google Patents
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- CN103283470B CN103283470B CN201310245323.2A CN201310245323A CN103283470B CN 103283470 B CN103283470 B CN 103283470B CN 201310245323 A CN201310245323 A CN 201310245323A CN 103283470 B CN103283470 B CN 103283470B
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- 244000046052 Phaseolus vulgaris Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 235000021332 kidney beans Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 235000007688 Lycopersicon esculentum Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 241000227653 Lycopersicon Species 0.000 claims abstract 4
- 238000009332 manuring Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000618 nitrogen fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;phosphoric acid Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)(O)=O.OP(O)(O)=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229940072033 potash Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002426 superphosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 244000037666 field crops Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002686 phosphate fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 15
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 abstract 3
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 21
- WZLMXYBCAZZIRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N].[P].[K] Chemical compound [N].[P].[K] WZLMXYBCAZZIRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 240000003768 Solanum lycopersicum Species 0.000 description 8
- 241000345998 Calamus manan Species 0.000 description 6
- 235000012950 rattan cane Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 230000009418 agronomic effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- DHKHZGZAXCWQTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N].[K] Chemical compound [N].[K] DHKHZGZAXCWQTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003900 soil pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000000995 spontaneous abortion Diseases 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a fertilizing method for improving the utilization rate of fertilizer for kidney beans. According to the fertilizing method for improving the utilization rate of the fertilizer for kidney beans, firstly, the soil where the kidney beans are to be planted is tested for formulated fertilization, and the standard fertilizing amount of the soil for the kidney beans is calculated and determined; tomato straw air dry matters are cut off two or three weeks before the kidney beans are planted, after the cut tomato straw air dry matters are evenly scattered into the soil of lands according to the amount of 200 kilogram per mu, and the soil is turned over, the soil is irrigated one time, base fertilizer is applied after the lands are dried in the air, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is respectively 10%, 60% and 10% of the standard fertilizing amount, and additional fertilizer is applied six times. The fertilizing method for improving the utilization rate of the fertilizer for kidney beans can effectively solve the problem of blind fertilization of vegetable growers, improves the utilization rate of fertilizer by 30-40% compared with a traditional fertilization method, improves the agronomy utilization rate by 30-43% compared with a conventional fertilization method, improves the commodity rate and the output of kidney beans, improves the quality of kidney beans, and enables planting of kidney beans to have good application prospects in the Southern like the Guangdong province.
Description
Technical field:
The invention belongs to production technology of crops, Fertilizer application technical field, be specifically related to a kind of fertilizing method that improves fresh kidney beans utilization rate of fertilizer.
Background technology:
The nutrient miscarriages such as fertilizer bring serious resource environment problem, and along with improving constantly of fertilizer amount, its availability and utilization ratio lack decline gradually.Intensive vegetables production base, area, Pearl River Delta fertilizing amount is excessive, and cropping index is high, causes field of vegetables nutrients accumulation higher, and average amount of nitrogen is 328.7kg/hm
2, high rates of nitrogen are 1732.5kg/hm
2, utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer is 12.9%, well below 27.5% of national this season utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer.Vegetable plot 0～20cm soil layer content of tatal phosphorus is up to 3.43g kg
-1, Olsen-P reaches as high as 321mg kg
-1, mean value is 96mg kg
-1, cause soil to occur the serious problems such as " eutrophication " and nutrient imbalance and the soil salinization.The azophoska that vegetables are used in producing is far away higher than crop demand or recommended fertilizer, and fertilizing time does not mate with grow up develop of plant nutrient demand, cause azophoska availability lower, constantly raising up of agriculture production cost, add the restriction of resource, continue to rely on the matter and energy of great number to drop into obtain the space of output more and more less, and nutrient loss seriously cause outstanding environmental problem.In order to improve utilization rate of fertilizer, forefathers have carried out a large amount of research and development aspect application technology, and these technology can be summarized as following Four types:
One, cultivate New Crop Varieties or germplasm by transgenosis molecule or conventional breeding approach.At present, conventional breeding (comprising that screening combines with chemistry or radioinduction with domestication combination, hybridization) has obtained the new varieties that nutrient efficient absorbs, and for example Hua Zhong Agriculture University's utilization transforms citric acid synthesized enzyme gene and cultivates the phosphorus efficiency paddy rice (patent No.: 02149378).
The new varieties of two, cultivating adapted soil by Crop Root Morphology and structural development regulatory pathway.National inventing patent (patent name: the function and application that GmAlMT1 regulating and controlling soybean alumite is poisoned is declared by for example Agricultural University Of South China.Inventor: Liang Cuiyue, Tian Jiang, Liao Hong.Application number is 201210302082.6).。
Three, improve the efficient utilization to nutrients resource by Formula fertilization by soil testing and nutrients resource administrative skill, reduce the uncontrolled input of nutrient.The regulation measure of fertilizing time and amount of application, improve soil nutrient utilization ratio method, according to settle the standard fertilizing amount according to plant growth with grow the fertilizing method (patent announcement number: CN102308697B) of the demand characteristics of nutrient being determined to Stage of Top Dressing and amount of application of crop target output.
Four, obtain the ability of nutrient by crop genetics measure raising crop.A lot of research shows, improving crop by agronomic measures, from soil, to obtain more nutrient be current the most feasible approach.A kind of method (number of patent application: 201010216747) of control facility vegetable soil phosphorus nutrients lack of balance has been developed in for example Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai City; Yintai Wuzhou Shidefu Fertilizer Co., Ltd has developed a kind of increasing operation rate and has alleviated preparation method's (number of patent application: 201010207903) of the fertilizer of soil pollution with phosphorus decomposing.
But according to existing fertilising and cultivation management pattern, vegetable grower applies inorganic fertilizer conventionally in a large number, cause in soil nutrient content too high, or nutrient loss, crop is low to nutrients resource utilization ratio.Therefore, solve low this difficult problem of South China's nutrients resource utilization ratio, be necessary to formulate new fertilising and administrative skill, for this reason, we are on Formula fertilization by soil testing basis, precisely determine standard manuring amount, effectively solve the blindly problem of fertilising of vegetable grower by rational topdressing amount and topdress period and soil cultivation control measures, can effectively improve nutrientuse efficiency by rationally topdress period and topdressing amount, meeting the growth of crop different growing is best at present method to the demand of nutrient.
Summary of the invention:
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of fertilizing method that improves fresh kidney beans utilization rate of fertilizer.
The fertilizing method of raising fresh kidney beans utilization rate of fertilizer of the present invention, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
Inorganic fertilizer: nitrogenous fertilizer: the urea that is 46% containing N mass fraction; Phosphate fertilizer: containing P
2o
5mass fraction is 12% superphosphate and potash fertilizer: containing K
2o mass fraction is 50% potassium sulfate; Fertilizer: the air-dry thing of tomato stalk;
The soil for the treatment of kind of fresh kidney beans carries out fertilization compositions based on earth measurement, the standard manuring amount of these soil fresh kidney beans of calculative determination;
Air-dry tomato stalk thing was shredded in front 2～3 weeks in fresh kidney beans plantations, after evenly spreading in the soil in land for growing field crops, turning over, pour water 1 time by the amounts of 200 kgs/acre, rear basal dressing is dried in land for growing field crops, and nitrogen phosphorus potassium is standard manuring amount 10%, 60%, 10%; Topdress six times; Final singling imposed once after 12 days, and on the horizontal both direction of main root, 5-10cm ditches or cave-applied fertilizer, and the degree of depth is 4-8cm, and nitrogen potassium is standard manuring amount 5%, 5%; Final singling two fortnights carry out secondary and topdress, and outside main root, in 5-10cm distance, carry out row replacement, and the degree of depth is 5-10cm, and nitrogen potassium is standard manuring amount 10%, 10%; Topdress in flowering stage for the third time, horizontal direction 10-15cm row replacement outside main root, degree of depth 7-12cm, nitrogen phosphorus potassium is standard manuring amount 15%, 10%, 15%; The horizontal direction 10-15cm row replacement outside main root after results fresh kidney beans 1 time, 3 times of topdressing for fourth, fifth time respectively, degree of depth 10-15cm, to chase after nitrogen phosphorus potassium be standard manuring amount at every turn 20%, 10%, 20%; The horizontal direction 10-15cm row replacement outside main root after results fresh kidney beans 5 times of topdressing for the 6th time, degree of depth 10-15cm, to chase after nitrogen phosphorus potassium be standard manuring amount at every turn 20%, 10%, 20%.
The present invention can effectively solve blindly problem of fertilization of vegetable grower, utilization rate of fertilizer improves 30%-45% than traditional fertilization, and the Agronomic Use Efficiency improves 30%-43% than conventional fertilizer application, improves fresh kidney beans commodity rate and output, improve its quality, southern fresh kidney beans plantation has a good application prospect in Guangdong etc.
Embodiment:
Following embodiment further illustrates of the present invention, instead of limitation of the present invention.
The experimental technique using in following embodiment if no special instructions, is conventional method.
Material, reagent etc. used in following embodiment, if no special instructions, all can obtain from commercial channels.
Embodiment 1:
Implement place: in Guangdong Prov. Inst. of Ecological Environment & Soil Science vegetables test planting bases (Guangzhou white clouds), soil is clay loam after measured, and 0-20cm soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content is 94.4mg/Kg, and total phosphorus content is 1.52%, available phosphorus (NaHCO
3extract) be 17.3mg/Kg, quick-acting potassium content 86.8mg/Kg.
Trial crops: fresh kidney beans
Fertile amount amount of application: calculate through fertilization compositions based on earth measurement, the standard manuring amount of these plot fresh kidney beans is that purity nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium are 12.0kg/ mu, 7.0kg/ mu, 8.5kg/ mu; Fertilizer is the air-dry thing of tomato rattan, uses 200 kgs/acre.Inorganic fertilizer is urea (containing N46%), and superphosphate is (containing P
2o
512%), potassium sulfate is (containing K
2o50%).
Mode of operation: plant first 17 days, by air-dry tomato rattan stalk thing chopping, evenly be sprinkling upon on soil, amount of application 200Kg/ mu, after turning over, pour water once, its upper soll layer flooding depth is 5cm, the waterflooding time is 7 days, then dry, after drying, (when fresh kidney beans are planted first 7 days) uses base manure, uses purity nitrogen 1.2Kg, pure phosphorus 4.2Kg, pure potassium 0.85Kg for every mu, and ploughing depth is 10cm; Grow nutrient demand feature is topdressed six times according to fresh kidney beans, topdress for the first time and use for 12 days after fresh kidney beans are emerged, use purity nitrogen 0.6Kg, pure potassium 0.425Kg for every mu, on the horizontal both direction of fresh kidney beans main root, 5cm spreads manuer in holes, and the degree of depth is 5cm; Topdress for the second time and use for 24 days after fresh kidney beans are emerged, use purity nitrogen 1.2Kg, pure potassium 0.85Kg for every mu, in fresh kidney beans interior trench digging row replacement of 5cm distance outside main root, the degree of depth is 5cm; Other conventional treatment of applying fertilizer.Topdress for the third time and carry out in the time blooming, horizontal direction 10cm row replacement outside main root, degree of depth 7cm, nitrogen phosphorus potassium is respectively every mu of purity nitrogen 1.80Kg, every mu of pure phosphorus 0.70Kg, every mu of pure potassium 1.275Kg; Topdress for fourth, fifth time respectively and to carry out after results fresh kidney beans 1 time, 3 times, horizontal direction 10cm row replacement outside main root, degree of depth 10cm, chases after nitrogen phosphorus potassium at every turn and is respectively every mu of purity nitrogen 2.40Kg, every mu of pure phosphorus 0.70Kg, every mu of pure potassium 1.70Kg; Topdress for the 6th time and carry out after fresh kidney beans are gathered in the crops 5 times, horizontal direction 10cm row replacement outside main root, degree of depth 10cm, chases after nitrogen phosphorus potassium and is respectively every mu of purity nitrogen 2.40Kg, every mu of pure phosphorus 0.70Kg, every mu of pure potassium 1.70Kg; Other conventional treatment of applying fertilizer.
Result of study shows: according to aforesaid operations mode, in the situation that other growth conditions is all identical, this embodiment 1 than conventional fertilizer application (local vegetable grower's traditional fertilization: before cultivating, fertilizer, phosphorus potash fertilizer are disposable employed, nitrogenous fertilizer topdresses 3 times, spread fertilizer over the fields, use after a large amount of results of fresh kidney beans) save azophoska consumption and be respectively 31.2%, 26.0%, 21.5%; Azophoska availability improves 30%, 38.8%, 35.9% than conventional fertilizer application, and the Agronomic Use Efficiency improves 33.2%, 42.3%, 35.9% than conventional fertilizer application; Fresh kidney beans nitrate content reduces by 13%, and commodity rate improves 14%, and output improves 5%.
Embodiment 2:
Implement place: in Guangdong Prov. Inst. of Ecological Environment & Soil Science vegetables test planting bases (Zengcheng, Guangzhou), soil is sandy loam, and 0-20cm soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content is 73.2mg/Kg, and total phosphorus content is 1.21%, available phosphorus (NaHCO
3extract) be 11.5mg/Kg, quick-acting potassium content 86.8mg/Kg.
Trial crops: fresh kidney beans
Fertile amount amount of application: calculate through fertilization compositions based on earth measurement, the standard manuring amount of these plot fresh kidney beans is that purity nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium are 14.0kg/ mu, 8.5kg/ mu, 9.8kg/ mu; Fertilizer is the air-dry thing of tomato rattan, uses 200 kgs/acre.Inorganic fertilizer is urea (containing N46%), and superphosphate is (containing P
2o
512%), potassium sulfate is (containing K
2o50%).
Mode of operation: plant first 14 days, by the chopping of air-dry tomato rattan stalk thing, be evenly sprinkling upon on soil, amount of application 200Kg/ mu, turns over, waterflooding, its upper soll layer flooding depth be 5cm, and the waterflooding time is 5 days, then dries; After drying, (when fresh kidney beans are planted first 5 days) uses base manure, uses purity nitrogen 1.4Kg, pure phosphorus 5.1Kg, pure potassium 0.98Kg for every mu, and ploughing depth is 10cm; Grow nutrient demand feature is topdressed six times according to fresh kidney beans, topdress for the first time and use for 12 days after fresh kidney beans are emerged, use purity nitrogen 0.7Kg, pure potassium 0.49Kg for every mu, on the horizontal both direction of fresh kidney beans main root, 5cm spreads manuer in holes, and the degree of depth is 4cm; Topdress for the second time and use for 24 days after fresh kidney beans are emerged, use purity nitrogen 1.4Kg, pure potassium 0.98Kg for every mu, in fresh kidney beans interior trench digging row replacement of 5cm distance outside main root, the degree of depth is 5cm; Other conventional treatment of applying fertilizer.Topdress for the third time and carry out in the time blooming, horizontal direction 10cm row replacement outside main root, degree of depth 7cm, purity nitrogen phosphorus potassium is respectively every mu of purity nitrogen 2.10Kg, every mu of pure phosphorus 0.85Kg, every mu of pure potassium 1.47Kg; Topdress for fourth, fifth time respectively and to carry out after results fresh kidney beans 1 time, 3 times, horizontal direction 15cm row replacement outside main root, degree of depth 10cm, chases after purity nitrogen phosphorus potassium at every turn and is respectively every mu of purity nitrogen 2.80Kg, every mu of pure phosphorus 0.85Kg, every mu of pure potassium 1.96Kg; Topdress for the 6th time and carry out after fresh kidney beans are gathered in the crops 5 times, horizontal direction 15cm row replacement outside main root, degree of depth 12cm, chases after purity nitrogen phosphorus potassium and is respectively every mu of purity nitrogen 2.80Kg, every mu of pure phosphorus 0.85Kg, every mu of pure potassium 1.96Kg; Other conventional treatment of applying fertilizer.
Result of study: according to aforesaid operations mode, in the situation that other growth conditions is all identical, this embodiment 2 than conventional fertilizer application (local vegetable grower's traditional fertilization: before cultivating, fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer are disposable employed, nitrogen potash fertilizer topdresses 3 times, spread fertilizer over the fields, use after a large amount of results of fresh kidney beans) save azophoska consumption and be respectively 13.1%, 21.2%, 23.3%; Azophoska availability improves 32.8%, 33.1%, 45.0% than conventional fertilizer application, and the Agronomic Use Efficiency improves 30.1%, 35.1%, 43.0% than conventional fertilizer application; Fresh kidney beans nitrate content reduces by 12%, and commodity rate improves 10%, and output improves 4%.
Embodiment 3
Implement place: in Guangdong Prov. Inst. of Ecological Environment & Soil Science vegetables test planting bases (Guangzhou white clouds), soil is clay loam after measured, and 0-20cm soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content is 134.2mg/Kg, and total phosphorus content is 1.86%, available phosphorus (NaHCO
3extract) be 20.1mg/Kg, quick-acting potassium content 103.2mg/Kg.
Trial crops: fresh kidney beans
Fertile amount amount of application: calculate through fertilization compositions based on earth measurement, the standard manuring amount of these plot fresh kidney beans is that purity nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium are 10.0kg/ mu, 7.2kg/ mu, 7.9kg/ mu; Fertilizer is the air-dry thing of tomato rattan, uses 200 kgs/acre.Inorganic fertilizer is urea (containing N46%), and superphosphate is (containing P
2o
512%), potassium sulfate is (containing K
2o50%).
Mode of operation: plant first 21 days, by air-dry tomato rattan stalk thing chopping, evenly be sprinkling upon on soil, amount of application 200Kg/ mu, turns over, waterflooding, its upper soll layer flooding depth be 10cm, and the waterflooding time is 10 days, then dry, after drying, (when fresh kidney beans are planted first 7 days) uses base manure, uses purity nitrogen 1.0Kg, pure phosphorus 4.32Kg, pure potassium 0.79Kg for every mu, and ploughing depth is 15cm; Grow nutrient demand feature is topdressed six times according to fresh kidney beans, topdress for the first time and use for 12 days after fresh kidney beans are emerged, use purity nitrogen 0.50Kg, pure potassium 0.395Kg for every mu, on the horizontal both direction of fresh kidney beans main root, 10cm spreads manuer in holes, and the degree of depth is 8cm; Topdress for the second time and use for 24 days after fresh kidney beans are emerged, use purity nitrogen 1.0Kg, pure potassium 0.79Kg for every mu, at fresh kidney beans interior ditching-fertilizing of 10cm distance outside main root, the degree of depth is 10cm; Topdress for the third time and carry out in the time blooming, horizontal direction 15cm row replacement outside main root, degree of depth 12cm, nitrogen phosphorus potassium is respectively every mu of purity nitrogen 1.50Kg, every mu of pure phosphorus 0.72Kg, every mu of pure potassium 1.185Kg; Topdress for fourth, fifth time respectively and to carry out after results fresh kidney beans 1 time, 3 times, horizontal direction 15cm row replacement outside main root, degree of depth 15cm, chases after nitrogen phosphorus potassium at every turn and is respectively every mu of purity nitrogen 2.0Kg, every mu of pure phosphorus 0.72Kg, every mu of pure potassium 1.58Kg; Topdress for the 6th time and carry out after fresh kidney beans are gathered in the crops 5 times, horizontal direction 15cm row replacement outside main root, degree of depth 15cm, chases after nitrogen phosphorus potassium and is respectively every mu of purity nitrogen 2.0Kg, every mu of pure phosphorus 0.72Kg, every mu of pure potassium 1.58Kg; Other conventional treatment of applying fertilizer.
Result of study: according to aforesaid operations mode, in the situation that other growth conditions is all identical, this embodiment 3 than conventional fertilizer application (local vegetable grower's traditional fertilization: before cultivating, fertilizer, phosphorus potash fertilizer are disposable employed, nitrogenous fertilizer topdresses 3 times, spread fertilizer over the fields, use after a large amount of results of fresh kidney beans) save azophoska consumption and be respectively 16.9%, 16.8%, 24.1%; Azophoska availability improves 35.0%, 32.1%, 43.1% than conventional fertilizer application, and the Agronomic Use Efficiency improves 34.1%, 32.2%, 39.1% than conventional fertilizer application; Fresh kidney beans nitrate content reduces by 8%, and commodity rate improves 12%, and output improves 6%.
Claims (1)
1. a fertilizing method that improves fresh kidney beans utilization rate of fertilizer, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
Inorganic fertilizer: nitrogenous fertilizer: the urea that is 46% containing N mass fraction; Phosphate fertilizer: containing P
2o
5mass fraction is 12% superphosphate and potash fertilizer: containing K
2o mass fraction is 50% potassium sulfate; Fertilizer: the air-dry thing of tomato stalk;
The soil for the treatment of kind of fresh kidney beans carries out fertilization compositions based on earth measurement, the standard manuring amount of these soil fresh kidney beans of calculative determination;
Air-dry tomato stalk thing was shredded in front 2～3 weeks in fresh kidney beans plantations, after evenly spreading in the soil in land for growing field crops, turning over, pour water 1 time by the amounts of 200 kgs/acre, rear basal dressing is dried in land for growing field crops, and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium are standard manuring amount 10%, 60%, 10%; Topdress six times: final singling imposed once after 12 days, on the horizontal both direction of main root, 5-10cm ditches or cave-applied fertilizer, and the degree of depth is 4-8cm, and nitrogen, potassium are standard manuring amount 5%, 5%; Final singling two fortnights carry out secondary and topdress, and outside main root, in 5-10cm distance, carry out row replacement, and the degree of depth is 5-10cm, and nitrogen, potassium are standard manuring amount 10%, 10%; Topdress in flowering stage for the third time, horizontal direction 10-15cm row replacement outside main root, degree of depth 7-12cm, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium are standard manuring amount 15%, 10%, 15%; The horizontal direction 10-15cm row replacement outside main root after results fresh kidney beans 1 time, 3 times of topdressing for fourth, fifth time respectively, degree of depth 10-15cm, to chase after nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium be standard manuring amount at every turn 20%, 10%, 20%; The horizontal direction 10-15cm row replacement outside main root after results fresh kidney beans 5 times of topdressing for the 6th time, degree of depth 10-15cm, to chase after nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium be standard manuring amount at every turn 20%, 10%, 20%.
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| CN104756654B (en) * | 2014-12-25 | 2017-02-22 | 青岛农业大学 | Fertilizing method capable of improving utilization efficiency of phosphate fertilizer in vegetable farmland in south China |
| CN105794379A (en) * | 2014-12-30 | 2016-07-27 | 王芝 | Method of soil testing and fertilization of rape |
| CN105669263A (en) * | 2016-04-22 | 2016-06-15 | 东北农业大学 | Method for optimizing content of phosphorus in compost |
| CN109729804B (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2021-02-05 | 丽水学院 | Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium balanced fertilization method for asparagus bean |
| CN115918341A (en) * | 2023-01-06 | 2023-04-07 | 东北农业大学 | Method for applying soybean high-efficiency nitrogen fertilizer |
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| CN101496482A (en) * | 2009-03-18 | 2009-08-05 | 重庆市畜牧科学院 | Balanced fertilizing method of Hemarthria compressa |
| CN101950323A (en) * | 2010-08-20 | 2011-01-19 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Method for recommending application rate of crop nitrogenous fertilizers based on soil nutrient balance |
| CN102090243A (en) * | 2009-12-14 | 2011-06-15 | 冯东风 | Efficient cultivation technology for large arch shed watermelon, kidney bean and solanum ferox |
| CN102308697A (en) * | 2010-07-11 | 2012-01-11 | 山东农业大学 | Method for controlling total amount of nitrogenous fertilizer applied to apple trees and carrying out top dressing retroposition fertilization |
| CN102308696A (en) * | 2010-07-01 | 2012-01-11 | 上海市农业科学院 | Method for regulating and controlling unbalance of phosphorus nutrient in protected vegetable soil |
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Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101496482A (en) * | 2009-03-18 | 2009-08-05 | 重庆市畜牧科学院 | Balanced fertilizing method of Hemarthria compressa |
| CN102090243A (en) * | 2009-12-14 | 2011-06-15 | 冯东风 | Efficient cultivation technology for large arch shed watermelon, kidney bean and solanum ferox |
| CN102308696A (en) * | 2010-07-01 | 2012-01-11 | 上海市农业科学院 | Method for regulating and controlling unbalance of phosphorus nutrient in protected vegetable soil |
| CN102308697A (en) * | 2010-07-11 | 2012-01-11 | 山东农业大学 | Method for controlling total amount of nitrogenous fertilizer applied to apple trees and carrying out top dressing retroposition fertilization |
| CN101950323A (en) * | 2010-08-20 | 2011-01-19 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Method for recommending application rate of crop nitrogenous fertilizers based on soil nutrient balance |
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| 《有机无机复混肥对豆角、黄瓜和辣椒产量及经济效益的影响》;范美蓉等;《长江蔬菜》;20080728;第67-68页 * |
| 《武山县二阴山区地膜豆角栽培技术》;汪东晖;《现代农业》;20091101;第12页 * |
| 汪东晖.《武山县二阴山区地膜豆角栽培技术》.《现代农业》.2009,第12页. |
| 范美蓉等.《有机无机复混肥对豆角、黄瓜和辣椒产量及经济效益的影响》.《长江蔬菜》.2008,第67-68页. |
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