CN102630424B - Fertilizing method for inhibiting continuous cropping diseases of Chinese cabbage in north cool areas - Google Patents
Fertilizing method for inhibiting continuous cropping diseases of Chinese cabbage in north cool areas Download PDFInfo
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- CN102630424B CN102630424B CN 201210121939 CN201210121939A CN102630424B CN 102630424 B CN102630424 B CN 102630424B CN 201210121939 CN201210121939 CN 201210121939 CN 201210121939 A CN201210121939 A CN 201210121939A CN 102630424 B CN102630424 B CN 102630424B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a fertilizing method for inhibiting continuous cropping diseases of Chinese cabbage in north cool areas. The fertilizing method comprises the steps of base fertilizer applying and fertilizer topdressing and comprises the concrete steps of ditching and deeply applying base fertilizer while turning up the soil and uniformly spraying foliar fertilizer on the surface of the soil at the same time, wherein the ditch depth is 20cm, the base fertilizer amount per mu is 40-50kg and the foliar fertilizer amount per mu is 20kg; and carrying out three times of topdressing in the Chinese cabbage growth period: spraying the foliar fertilizer once in seedling stage, spraying the foliar fertilizer once in rosette stage and spraying a mixture of the foliar fertilizer and calcium nitrate per mu in initial stage of infolding. The fertilizing method has the advantages that non-toxic pollution-free materials are adopted; major, secondary and trace elements required for plant growth are contained in the materials to ensure that the yield of the Chinese cabbage can be increased by more than 17% and the disease severity of the soft rot of the Chinese cabbage can be controlled below 10% after the materials are applied on the Chinese cabbage; and therefore, the problems that the yield is decreased and the soil-borne disease problems are increasingly serious, which are caused by incapability of rotation of crops in large-scale vegetable field planting, are effectively solved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agricultural technology field, particularly suppress the fertilizing method that regional continuous cropping Chinese cabbage disease occurs on the northern dam.
Technical background
Vegetables contain abundant vitamin, mineral matter, carbohydrate and other nutriment, it is indispensable Main Foods in the people's lives, be to guarantee one of the vitamin of people's health and important sources of mineral element, in national economy and people's lives, occupy extremely important status.China is vegetables consumption big country, and along with the growth of population and the day by day raising of living standards of the people, national sowing of vegetable area increases sharply.
The utilization of the resources such as the fast development of vegetables industry is too busy to get away native, fertile, but owing to lacking rational nutrient control measures and technological guidance, real vegetables produce Zhong Shui, the fertile phenomenon that blindly drops into is very serious.The north cools the area owing to the autumn and winter season cold weather, and can only plant a season every year.And the growth of Chinese cabbage area enlarges rapidly, land area is limited, so rotation of crops difficulty, cause soil-borne disease to increase the weight of gradually, moreover production management is not good at, fertilizers input is the factor such as science not, cause the crop disease-resistant ability to weaken, agricultural chemicals, chemical fertilizer drop into increasing, and the medication frequency also increases day by day, are absorbed in morbidity and medication, use the fertile vicious circle that increases.The macroelement accumulation, middle microelement deficiencies, thus cause soil nutrient elements uneven, the decline of Soil Nutrient Transformation ability.And the fertilizer of routine is difficult to provide simultaneously all elements that satisfies plant growth at present, and then has a strong impact on the raising of yield of vegetables, quality.How to prevent and treat leaf vegetables scale vegetable field soil and degenerate and the continuous cropping diseases problem, be one of technical barrier of needing to be resolved hurrily in the current production.
Therefore, adopt the mode of fertilising conditioning, improvement soil when nutrition is provided, with strengthen plant resistance to environment stress, recover soil health be a kind of from the source the practical approach of eliminating continuous cropping obstacle.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem that solves:
The present invention is directed to the area that cools, the north, the continuous cropping diseases that runs in the intensive leaf vegetables production occurs serious, and the production declining problem provides a kind of fertilizer practice system that output occurs and improves continuous cropping cabbage disease of controlling.
Technical scheme:
Suppress the cool fertilizing method of regional Chinese cabbage continuous cropping diseases of the north, by base manure with topdress and form, the deep placement of when ploughing base manure being ditched, 20 centimetres of ditch depths, every mu of consumption 40-50 kilogram, and evenly spray foliage fertilizer in soil surface simultaneously, 20 kilograms of every mu of consumptions; Carrying out three times vegetative period Chinese cabbage topdresses, foliage fertilizer of seedling spraying, mu consumption 20-25 kilogram, every mu of 30 kilograms in urea of spreading manuer in holes simultaneously, rosette stage sprays foliage fertilizer one time, 25 kilograms of mu consumptions, bag heart initial stage every mu of mixture that sprays 25-30 kilogram foliage fertilizer and 25-30 kilogram 0.25%wt-0.5%wt nitrate of lime; Described base manure is by full element nutritional mineral powder or nutritional activities material: diammonium phosphate mixes according to mass ratio 75-85%: 15-25% and is made into, and full element mineral powder is " match many 28 " or " Shenzhou VI 54 "; The nutritional activities material is a kind of in " chitin ", " shitosan ", " bone meal " and " dusty yeast " or their composite material.
Described foliage fertilizer is the middle micro-liquid fertilizer take acid medium as carrier, and described liquid fertilizer is plant amino acid foliage fertilizer, humic acid foliar fertilizer or Yellow humic acid foliage fertilizer.
Specifically, the research of applying fertilizer in the high Chengde Weichang of northern scale vegetable degree (average temperature of the whole year only has 5.7 ℃) Chinese cabbage production base.Plant the last week at Chinese cabbage group, animal, plant or the microbial material of full element nutritional mineral powder or nutritious activity and diammonium phosphate mixed according to 75-85%: 15-25% be made into, adopt trench digging deep placement (20 centimetres), every mu of consumption 40-50 kilogram.Liquid fertilizer evenly sprays at soil surface according to explanation, and the profitable strain in the promotion soil is bred rapidly and improved soil quality, improves the ability of the anti-continuous cropping of Chinese cabbage and disease.
Topdress the vegetation period divide and use for three times, spray once seedling stage (behind the slow seedling of field planting 10 days), every mu of 30 kilograms in urea of spreading manuer in holes simultaneously, the rosette stage sprays once, the bag heart initial stage is mixed the mixture that sprays 1 foliage fertilizer and liquid calcium fertilizer again.
Beneficial effect:
What this fertilizing method was used is the nontoxic pollution-free material.Contain the required a large amount of and middle trace element of plant growth; can make its output increased more than 17% after using on the Chinese cabbage; the disease severity of soft rot of Chinese cabbage is controlled at below 10%, efficiently solves the scale vegetable plot plantation problem that the production declining that causes and soil-borne disease problem be on the rise that can't rotate crops.
Embodiment
The regional Weichang Chinese cabbage production base research of applying fertilizer on the high dam, Chengde of northern scale vegetable degree.In leaf vegetables plantation the last week, full element nutritional mineral powder or nutritious active material: diammonium phosphate mixes according to mass ratio 75-85%: 15-25% and is made into, and adopts the method for the 20 centimetres of deep placements of ditching, every mu of consumption 40-50 kilogram.Amino acid foliage fertilizer, humic acid foliar fertilizer or alginic acid foliage fertilizer evenly spray at soil surface according to explanation, to promote profitable strain in the soil to breed rapidly and to improve soil quality, improve the ability of anti-continuous cropping.
Topdress the vegetation period divide and use for three times, spray one time liquid fertilizer seedling stage (behind the slow seedling of field planting 10 days), every mu of 30 kilograms in urea of spreading manuer in holes simultaneously, the rosette stage sprays foliage fertilizer one time, the bag heart initial stage mixes and sprays 1 foliage fertilizer and liquid calcium fertilizer.
Embodiment 1
The fertilizer practice architectural study is carried out in 2010 and 2011 regional Weichang Chinese cabbage production base on the dam, Chengde.In growth of Chinese cabbage the last week, " match many 28 " that Shaanxi match all living creatures thing Science and Technology Ltd. is produced and diammonium phosphate mix according to mass ratio and are made at 75%: 25%, adopt the 20 centimetres of deep placements of ditching, 40 kilograms of every mu of consumptions.Be that 1000 times of Tianquan board nutrient for plants liquid fertilizer (Institute of Oceanology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences's development) dilutions of main component evenly spray afterwards at soil surface with fulvic acid simultaneously, 20 kilograms of every mu of consumptions.
Topdress the vegetation period divide and use for three times, spray 25 kilograms of Tianquan board nutrient for plants seedling stage (field planting slow seedling after 10 days), every mu of 30 kilograms in urea of spreading manuer in holes simultaneously, rosette stage sprays Tianquan board nutrient for plants one time, and bag every mu of heart initial stage sprays 25 kilograms of leaves of plants leavens and 30 kilograms of 0.25%wt-0.5%wt nitrate of lime.
Table 1 different fertilization is on the impact of Chinese cabbage disease and commodity rate
By the statistics different disposal impact of Chinese cabbage commodity rate and the soft rot incidence of disease is found, the technology of the present invention can be controlled the generation of soft rot of Chinese cabbage effectively, the disease severity of soft rot of Chinese cabbage in 2010 is reduced to 9.2%, 2011 year from 16.3% and is reduced to 7.8% (table 1) from 11.3%.Simultaneously the present invention also can improve the commodity rate of Chinese cabbage, wherein contrasts high by 3.6% than high 5.7%, 2011 year ratio of contrast in 2010.And use continuously this technology after 2 years disease severity become lower, illustrate that continuous use can obtain better result.
Embodiment 2
The fertilizer practice architectural study is carried out in 2010 and 2011 regional Weichang Chinese cabbage production base on the dam, Chengde.In growth of Chinese cabbage the last week, " match many 28 " that Shaanxi match all living creatures thing Science and Technology Ltd. is produced and diammonium phosphate mix according to mass ratio and are made at 75%: 25%, adopt the 20 centimetres of deep placements of ditching, 40 kilograms of every mu of consumptions.Use simultaneously 1000 times of Tianquan board nutrient for plants liquid fertilizer (Institute of Oceanology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences's development) dilutions evenly to spray at soil surface afterwards, 20 kilograms of every mu of consumptions.
Topdress the vegetation period divide and use for three times, every mu of seedling stage (field planting slow seedling after 10 days) spray 25 kilograms of Tianquan board nutrient for plants, every mu of 30 kilograms in urea of spreading manuer in holes simultaneously, rosette stage sprays 25 kilograms of Tianquan board nutrient for plants, and bag every mu of heart initial stage sprays 30 kilograms of leaves of plants leavens and 30 kilograms of 0.25%wt-0.5%wt nitrate of lime.
Table 2 different fertilization is on the impact of Chinese Cabbage Yield
2010 and the application result of these technology in 2011 on Chinese cabbage show, the present invention can promote its output to increase significantly, after using this technology, per mu yield was 6430 kilograms in 2010, increase production 982 kilograms, per mu yield was 6320 kilograms in 2011, increased production 918 kilograms, and rate of growth has reached respectively 18% and 17% (table 2).The effect of increasing production in 2 years is more stable, illustrates that the technology of the present invention can be on Chinese cabbage uses continuously, to obtain better effect.
Embodiment 3
The fertilizer practice architectural study is carried out in 2010 and 2011 regional Weichang Chinese cabbage production base on the dam, Chengde.In growth of Chinese cabbage the last week, " match many 28 " that Shaanxi match all living creatures thing Science and Technology Ltd. is produced and diammonium phosphate mix according to mass ratio and are made at 75%: 25%, adopt the 20 centimetres of deep placements of ditching, 40 kilograms of every mu of consumptions.Use simultaneously 1000 times of Tianquan board nutrient for plants liquid fertilizer (Institute of Oceanology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences's development) dilutions evenly to spray at soil surface afterwards, 20 kilograms of every mu of consumptions.
Topdress the vegetation period divide and use for three times, every mu of seedling stage (field planting slow seedling after 10 days) spray 20 kilograms of Tianquan board nutrient for plants, every mu of 30 kilograms in urea of spreading manuer in holes simultaneously, rosette stage sprays 25 Tianquan board nutrient for plants, and bag every mu of heart initial stage sprays 30 kilograms of leaves of plants leavens and 25 kilograms of 0.25%wt-0.5%wt nitrate of lime.
Table 3 different fertilization is on the impact of Chinese cabbage quality
The present invention can promote Chinese Cabbage, and wherein the girth of Chinese cabbage in 2010 is increased to 57.25 centimetres by 53.17 centimetres of contrast, is increased to 56.41 centimetres by 52.23 centimetres in 2011, and average perimeter has increased by 4.13 centimetres.After the present invention processed, chlorophyll content also significantly promoted, and increases by 59.31%, 2011 year and has increased by 131.43% in 2010.Soluble solid content has on average increased by 0.75% (table 3).Experimental result showed in 2 years, aspect the above statistical indicator of promotion, and the better effects if of 2011 annual present technique.
Claims (1)
1. suppress the cool fertilizing method of regional Chinese cabbage continuous cropping diseases of the north, it is characterized in that by base manure and topdress forming, the deep placement of when ploughing base manure being ditched, 20 centimetres of ditch depths, every mu of consumption 40-50 kilogram, and simultaneously evenly spray foliage fertilizer in soil surface, 20 kilograms of every mu of consumptions; Carrying out three times vegetative period Chinese cabbage topdresses, foliage fertilizer of seedling spraying, mu consumption 20-25 kilogram, every mu of 30 kilograms in urea of spreading manuer in holes simultaneously, rosette stage sprays foliage fertilizer one time, 25 kilograms of mu consumptions, bag heart initial stage every mu of mixture that sprays 25-30 kilogram foliage fertilizer and 25-30 kilogram 0.25%wt-0.5%wt nitrate of lime; Described base manure is by full element nutritional mineral powder or nutritional activities material: diammonium phosphate mixes according to mass ratio 75-85%:15-25% and is made into, and full element mineral powder is " match many 28 " or " Shenzhou VI 54 "; The nutritional activities material is a kind of in " chitin ", " shitosan ", " bone meal " and " dusty yeast " or their composite material; Described foliage fertilizer is the middle micro-liquid fertilizer take acid medium as carrier, and described liquid fertilizer is plant amino acid foliage fertilizer, humic acid foliar fertilizer or Yellow humic acid foliage fertilizer.
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| CN 201210121939 CN102630424B (en) | 2012-04-24 | 2012-04-24 | Fertilizing method for inhibiting continuous cropping diseases of Chinese cabbage in north cool areas |
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| CN102763515B (en) * | 2012-08-16 | 2013-10-09 | 中国科学院南京土壤研究所 | Fertilizing method for promoting production increase and quality improvement of perennial apples |
| CN102771241A (en) * | 2012-08-16 | 2012-11-14 | 中国科学院南京土壤研究所 | Foliar topdressing method for promoting yield increase of heading leaf vegetables under protected cultivation conditions |
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| CN101723725A (en) * | 2008-10-15 | 2010-06-09 | 王国刚 | Humic acid fertilizer |
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| CN101723725A (en) * | 2008-10-15 | 2010-06-09 | 王国刚 | Humic acid fertilizer |
Non-Patent Citations (4)
| Title |
|---|
| 大白菜高产栽培法;曲景印;《农民致富之友》;20120331(第6期);第76页 * |
| 曲景印.大白菜高产栽培法.《农民致富之友》.2012,(第6期),第76页. |
| 植物氨基酸多元素肥料生物效应的研究进展;袁伟等;《土壤》;20090215;第41卷(第1期);第16-20页 * |
| 袁伟等.植物氨基酸多元素肥料生物效应的研究进展.《土壤》.2009,第41卷(第1期),第16-20页. |
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