CN104718862A - Method for improving utilization efficiency of flue-cured tobacco nutrient resource in sandy-muddy field soil in South China - Google Patents
Method for improving utilization efficiency of flue-cured tobacco nutrient resource in sandy-muddy field soil in South China Download PDFInfo
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- CN104718862A CN104718862A CN201410718108.4A CN201410718108A CN104718862A CN 104718862 A CN104718862 A CN 104718862A CN 201410718108 A CN201410718108 A CN 201410718108A CN 104718862 A CN104718862 A CN 104718862A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving the utilization efficiency of a flue-cured tobacco nutrient resource in sandy-muddy field soil in South China. The method can effectively solve the problem of blind fertilization in a flue-cured tobacco planting process in the sandy-muddy field soil in South China by a tobacco grower; the utilization rate of a fertilizer is increased by 19.00-35.00% compared with the traditional fertilization; in addition, the aroma sensory quality of flue-cured tobacco is improved (a score is increased by 6-9); the neutral aroma component content of tobacco leaves is increased by 25.0-40.0 ug/Kg; the flue-cured tobacco quality is improved; and the method has favorable application prospect in the flue-cured tobacco planting process in a sandy-muddy field area in South China.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to production technology of crops, Fertilizer application technical field, be specifically related to a kind of method improving South China's Sandy soil fields soil flue-cured tobacco nutrients resource utilization ratio.
Background technology
The nutrient management such as fertilizer are improper brings serious resources and environment problems, and along with improving constantly of fertilizer amount, its availability and utilization ratio decline gradually.Meanwhile, due to improper fertilization, crop quality is caused to decline.And the nitrogen that China's cured tobacco production middle age drops into vega fertilizer accounts for 12.35% of total amount of nitrogen, wherein Main Tobacco-growing Regions In South is 9.30%, and lower than 15.40% of northern cigarette district, Tobacco-growing areas in Guangdong's year drops into fertilizer nitrogen and is about 469.00t, accounts for 11.63% of total amount of nitrogen.As can be seen here, to use appropriate fertilizer to improve tobacco-growing soil and to improve with aroma quality and to improve perfume quantity be core quality of tobacco become in China's cured tobacco production a important technique measure.
Sandy soil fields is the important tobacco-growing soil in South China of China, and the type soil is due to intensive cured tobacco production, and nitrogen fertilizing amount is excessive, and cropping index is high, and cause tobacco-growing soil Nitrogen Accumulation higher, utilization ratio is low, and average amount of nitrogen is 300.50kg/hm
2, most high rates of nitrogen are 635.8kg/hm
2, utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer is 10.10%, well below 27.50% of national this season utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer.Sandy soil fields class tobacco-growing soil pH reacts acid, and topsoil (0 ~ 20cm soil layer) total nitrogen content is up to 2.10g kg
-1, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen reaches as high as 327.00mg kg
-1, mean value is 115.00mg kg
-1, cause tobacco-growing soil to occur the serious problems such as " eutrophication " and nutrient imbalance.Simultaneously in the type soil tobacco planting later stage because nitrogenous fertilizer drops in a large number, to cause in tobacco planting process amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer far away higher than flue-cured tobacco demand or recommended fertilizer, and fertilizing time does not mate with the demand of development of flue-cured tobacco phase to nutrient, the readily available nutrient of soil is high, and radix heap is too much; And cigarette strain root system in early stage is less-developed, amount of growth is little, nitrogenous fertilizer Nutrient Absorption is less, before causing land for growing field crops cigarette strain, mid-term is to the demand deficiency of nitrogen, and the later stage can not denitrogenation in good time, with high-quality tobacco " rich time few, old come poor " nitrogen demand rule can not match, cause Sandy soil fields area tobacco aroma matter and perfume quantity to be difficult to improve further.
In recent years; along with China's tobacco agriculture is intensive, scale, systematism level difference promote; to the high strength of soil, predatory utilization in production process of flue-cured tobacco; cause soil compaction, acidifying, topsoil is shallow, the problem such as C/N ratio and nutrient imbalance is particularly outstanding, the aroma quality of tobacco leaf, amount and feature are difficult to improve further, improve and show.And current agricultural production cost constantly raises up, resource restriction in addition, it is more and more less that continuation dependence great number matter and energy drops into the space obtaining output, and nutrient loss seriously causes outstanding environmental problem.In order to improve flue-cured tobacco utilization rate of fertilizer and flue-cured tobacco yield and quality, forefathers have carried out a large amount of research and development in application technology, and these technology can be summarized as following five types:
One, spray foliar fertilizer formula to improve fertilizer utilization efficiency early stage by different growing fertilizer formula or in fertility, raising Appearance Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco and sensory evaluating smoking's quality simultaneously.Such as, be suitable for the fertilizer application formula of a certain regional special climate and soil, (a kind of cured tobacco fertilizing formula, patent No. ZL 201110208177.7), or a kind of Flue-cured sprays compound fertilizer dedicated (patent No.: CN 201410357637.6).
Two, for a certain flue-cured tobacco cultivars, carry out the research of meticulous fertilizing method, to obtain certain output sound tobacco.According to most economical fertilizing amount, the loss of unnecessary nutrient can be reduced, can reduce costs to a certain extent again, under not affecting yield of flue-cured tobacco and quality prerequisite, still can meet tobacco growth demand with minimum application quantity of nitrogen phosphorus potassium, obtain sound tobacco.The patent of such as being applied for by Hongta Tobacco(Group) Co., Ltd. and Yunnan Prov Academy Of Agricultural Sciences, Agricultural Research Institute Of Environmental Resources: a kind of meticulous fertilizing method (patent No.: CN 201410326071.0) of flue-cured tobacco K326.
Three, cultivate new flue-cured tobacco varieties by transgenic molecules or conventional breeding approach or plant matter.At present, conventional breeding (comprise screening combine with domestication, hybridize combine with chemical or radioinduction) obtain the new flue-cured tobacco varieties that nutrient efficient absorbs.
Four, produced to improve fertilizer utilization efficiency and to obtain sound tobacco by different cultivation and the measure of different growing Tree Precise Fertilization.Such as, the disposable for nitrogen fertilizing method (patent No.: ZL20101029711) of flue-cured tobacco nitrogen fertilizer application effect can be improved by Guangdong Prov. Inst. of Ecological Environment & Soil Science, a kind of of tobacco Nanxiong, Guangdong Science Institute research and development.By different shape nitrogen and organic manure nitrogen ratio, flue-cured tobacco is improved to nitrogen reach and stretches a root-phase (transplanting latter 30 days) flue-cured tobacco rhizosphere nitrogen content, utilize fertilizer nitrogen mineralization strengthen continuously at high proportion to plant the confession nitrogen ability of cigarette rhizosphere soil.A kind of precise nitrogen application for flue-cured tobacco of such as being invented by Agricultural University Of South China, threshold value of the best being applied fertilizer is refined to and eachly needs fertile breeding time, by each SPAD value size of fertile breeding time and this breeding time best SPAD value of applying fertilizer of needing is compared, and then judge whether to need to apply fertilizer.The precision that this invention makes flue-cured tobacco execute nitrogen obtains further raising, thus significantly can improve the yield and quality level (number of patent application 201210532220.X) of utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer and flue-cured tobacco.
Five, improve the efficiency utilization to nutrients resource by Formula fertilization by soil testing and Nutrition resources management technology, reduce the uncontrolled input of nutrient.The regulation measure of fertilizing time and amount of application, improve soil nutrient utilization ratio method, according to flue-cured tobacco target output confirmed standard fertilizing amount and according to tobacco growth with grow the demand characteristics determination Stage of Top Dressing of nutrient and the fertilizing method (patent No.: CN 201310031773.1) of amount of application.
But according to existing fertilising and cultivation management pattern, tobacco planting process applies inorganic fertilizer usually in a large number, cause nutrient content in soil too high, or nutrient loss, flue-cured tobacco is low to nutrients resource utilization ratio.Therefore, solve Sandy soil fields class soil flue-cured tobacco nutrients resource utilization ratio this difficult problem low, be necessary the new fertilising of initiative and administrative skill.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind ofly can improve Sandy soil fields flue-cured tobacco utilization rate of fertilizer, the method for the raising South China Sandy soil fields soil flue-cured tobacco nutrients resource utilization ratio of improving Flue-cured tobacco Quality.
The present invention efficiently solves by rational fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer fertilizing amount and soil cultivation control measures the problem that tobacco grower blindly applies fertilizer, effectively can improve Sandy soil fields flue-cured tobacco utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer by Rational Application fertilizer (peanut cake fertilizer and hog manure regulation and control C/N ratio) with the Dressing ratios of inorganic fertilizer, improve Flue-cured tobacco Quality, thus achieve object of the present invention.
The method of raising South China of the present invention Sandy soil fields soil flue-cured tobacco nutrients resource utilization ratio, is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
(1) fertilizer:
Organic manure is peanut cake fertilizer and hog manure;
Inorganic fertilizer is ammonium nitrate, fused calcium magnesium phosphate and potassium sulfate;
(2) fertilizing method: in 3-4 week before tobacco planting, peanut cake fertilizer is mixed according to C/N ratio 15-52 ︰ 1 retting of becoming thoroughly decomposed with hog manure and becomes organic manure; Before vega ridging, evenly spread fertilizer over the fields lime according to the amount of every mu of 100kg, and then ridging; During ridging, overlay film after base manure row replacement all made by organic manure, uses with every mu of 178-500Kg/ mu, and controlling to apply organic nitrogen is 4.3kg/ mu; Ammonium nitrate is used according to the amount of N 10.10kg/ mu, and Dressing ratios is 5.05 ︰ 5.05; Fused calcium magnesium phosphate is used according to 12.10kg/ mu, and whole base is executed; Potassium sulfate is used according to the amount of K 16.00kg/ mu, and Dressing ratios is 4.80 ︰ 11.20, row replacement when inorganic fertilizer part ridging executed by all bases.
Preferably, described peanut cake fertilizer, it is by mass fraction, containing N 4.60%, P
2o
51.00%, K
2o 1.00%, C/N ratio is 10.65; Described hog manure, it is by mass fraction, containing N 0.50%, P
2o
50.20%, K
2o 0.25%, C/N ratio 94.5; Ammonium nitrate, it is by mass fraction, containing N 30%; Fused calcium magnesium phosphate, by mass fraction, it is containing P
2o
512%; Potassium sulfate, it is by mass fraction, containing K
2o 50%.
Preferably, in the fertilizing method of step (2), when base manure is used, supply boron fertilizer is pressed boron 0.1kg/ mu and is supplied fertiliser containing magnesium by MgO 2.0kg/ mu as base manure, wherein boron fertilizer, be borax, it is by mass fraction, boracic 5%, magnesium sulfate, it is by mass fraction, containing MgO 20%.
The present invention effectively can solve blindness problem of fertilization in South China Sandy soil fields soil tobacco grower tobacco planting process, utilization rate of fertilizer improves 19.00%-35.0% than traditional fertilization, improve tobacco aroma organoleptic quality (score improves 6-9) simultaneously, improve the Neutral Aroma Components content 25.0-40.0ug/Kg of tobacco leaf, improve Flue-cured tobacco Quality, have a good application prospect in the tobacco planting process of south China Sandy soil fields area.
Embodiment:
Following examples further illustrate of the present invention, instead of limitation of the present invention.
The experimental technique used in following embodiment if no special instructions, is conventional method.
Material used in following embodiment, reagent etc., if no special instructions, all can obtain from commercial channels.
Embodiment 1:
Implement place: cigarette industry base, Co., Ltd Jiangling unit in Yunnan, Growth in Meizhou City, Guangdong, soil is Sandy soil fields after measured, soil (0-20cm) pH 5.45, soil nutrient content is organic 1.64g/kg, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen 113.76mg/kg, rapid available phosphorus 34.80mg/kg, available potassium 87.51mg/kg.
Trial crops: flue-cured tobacco cloud and mist 87
Fertile amount kind: the organic manure used is that peanut cake fertilizer is (by mass fraction, containing N 4.60%, P
2o
51.00%, K
2o1.00%, C/N ratio is 10.65) and hog manure (by mass fraction, containing N 0.50%, P
2o
50.20%, K
2o 0.25%, C/N ratio 94.5), inorganic fertilizer is that ammonium nitrate (by mass fraction, containing N 30%), fused calcium magnesium phosphate are (by mass fraction, containing P
2o
512%), potassium sulfate is (by mass fraction, containing K
2o 50%), boron fertilizer, be borax (by mass fraction, boracic 5%), magnesium sulfate (by mass fraction, containing MgO 20%).
Mode of operation: apply fertilizer according to organic manure peanut cake fertilizer and hog manure C/N ratio and amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer thereof.Before tobacco planting 3 weeks, peanut cake fertilizer and hog manure are become organic manure according to C/N ratio 15:1 mixing retting of becoming thoroughly decomposed; Before soil ridging, soil is turned over (0-20cm), then evenly spread fertilizer over the fields according to every mu of liming 100kg, and then ridging; Time soil ridging (0-20cm), overlay film after base manure row replacement all made by organic manure, uses with every mu of 178Kg/ mu, and controlling SOIL ORGANIC NITROGEN is 4.3kg/ mu; Ammonium nitrate is made base manure and to be used with N 5.05Kg/ mu ratio with topdressing in N 5.05Kg/ mu, base manure transplant before overlay film after row replacement; Potassium sulfate supply presses K 16.0Kg/ mu, and base manure to be used by K11.20Kg/ mu with topdressing by K 4.80Kg/ mu, base manure transplant before overlay film after row replacement; Fused calcium magnesium phosphate amount of application is all 12.1kg/ mu, row replacement during soil ridging.
Result of study: according to aforesaid operations mode, when other growth conditions is all identical, this embodiment 1 utilization rate of fertilizer improves fertilizer utilization efficiency 20.0% than traditional nitrogen application, improve tobacco aroma organoleptic quality (score improves 6) simultaneously, improve the Neutral Aroma Components content 25.0ug/Kg of tobacco leaf.
Embodiment 2:
Implement place: cigarette industry base, Co., Ltd Jiangling unit in Yunnan, Growth in Meizhou City, Guangdong, soil is Sandy soil fields after measured, soil (0-20cm) pH 5.45, soil nutrient content is organic 1.64g/kg, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen 113.76mg/kg, rapid available phosphorus 34.80mg/kg, available potassium 87.51mg/kg.
Trial crops: flue-cured tobacco cloud and mist 87
Fertile amount kind: the organic manure used is that peanut cake fertilizer is (by mass fraction, containing N 4.60%, P
2o
51.00%, K
2o1.00%, C/N ratio is 10.65) and hog manure (by mass fraction, containing N 0.50%, P
2o
50.20%, K
2o 0.25%, C/N ratio 94.5), inorganic fertilizer is that ammonium nitrate (by mass fraction, containing N 30%), fused calcium magnesium phosphate are (by mass fraction, containing P
2o
512%), potassium sulfate is (by mass fraction, containing K
2o 50%), boron fertilizer, be borax (by mass fraction, boracic 5%), magnesium sulfate (by mass fraction, containing MgO 20%).
Mode of operation: apply fertilizer according to organic manure peanut cake fertilizer and hog manure C/N ratio and amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer thereof.Before tobacco planting 2 weeks, peanut cake fertilizer and hog manure are become organic manure according to C/N ratio 25:1 mixing retting of becoming thoroughly decomposed; Before soil ridging, soil is turned over (0-20cm), then evenly spread fertilizer over the fields according to every mu of liming 100kg, and then ridging; Time soil ridging (0-20cm), overlay film after base manure row replacement all made by organic manure, uses with every mu of 270Kg/ mu, and controlling SOIL ORGANIC NITROGEN is 4.3kg/ mu; Ammonium nitrate is made base manure and to be used with N 5.05Kg/ mu ratio (5:5) with topdressing in N 5.05Kg/ mu, base manure transplant before overlay film after row replacement; Potassium sulfate supply presses K 16.0Kg/ mu, and base manure to be used (Dressing ratios is 3:7) by K11.20Kg/ mu with topdressing by K 4.80Kg/ mu, base manure transplant before overlay film after row replacement; Fused calcium magnesium phosphate amount of application is all 12.1kg/ mu, row replacement during soil ridging.Meanwhile, when base manure is used, supply boron fertilizer 0.1kg/ mu and supply fertiliser containing magnesium 2.0kg/ mu are as base manure.
Result of study: according to aforesaid operations mode, when other growth conditions is all identical, this embodiment 3 utilization rate of fertilizer improves fertilizer utilization efficiency 35.0% than traditional nitrogen application, improve tobacco aroma organoleptic quality (score improves 9) simultaneously, improve the Neutral Aroma Components content 40.0ug/Kg of tobacco leaf.
Embodiment 3
Implement place: cigarette industry base, Co., Ltd Jiangling unit in Yunnan, Growth in Meizhou City, Guangdong, soil is Sandy soil fields after measured, soil (0-20cm) pH 5.45, soil nutrient content is organic 1.64g/kg, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen 113.76mg/kg, rapid available phosphorus 34.80mg/kg, available potassium 87.51mg/kg.
Trial crops: flue-cured tobacco cloud and mist 87
Fertile amount kind: the organic manure used is that peanut cake fertilizer is (by mass fraction, containing N 4.60%, P
2o
51.00%, K
2o1.00%, C/N ratio is 10.65) and hog manure (by mass fraction, containing N 0.50%, P
2o
50.20%, K
2o 0.25%, C/N ratio 94.5), inorganic fertilizer is that ammonium nitrate (by mass fraction, containing N 30%), fused calcium magnesium phosphate are (by mass fraction, containing P
2o
512%), potassium sulfate is (by mass fraction, containing K
2o 50%).
Mode of operation: apply fertilizer according to organic manure peanut cake fertilizer and hog manure C/N ratio and amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer thereof.Before tobacco planting 4 weeks, peanut cake fertilizer is become organic manure with the hog manure that becomes thoroughly decomposed according to C/N ratio 36:1 mixing retting of becoming thoroughly decomposed; Before soil ridging, soil is turned over (0-20cm), then evenly spread fertilizer over the fields according to every mu of liming 100kg, and then ridging; Time soil ridging (0-20cm), overlay film after base manure row replacement all made by organic manure, uses with every mu of 362Kg/ mu, and controlling SOIL ORGANIC NITROGEN is 4.3kg/ mu; Ammonium nitrate is made base manure and to be used with N 5.05Kg/ mu ratio (5:5) with topdressing in N 5.05Kg/ mu, base manure transplant before overlay film after row replacement; Potassium sulfate supply presses K 16.0Kg/ mu, and base manure to be used (Dressing ratios is 3:7) by K11.20Kg/ mu with topdressing by K 4.80Kg/ mu, base manure transplant before overlay film after row replacement; Fused calcium magnesium phosphate amount of application is all 12.1kg/ mu, row replacement during soil ridging.
Result of study: according to aforesaid operations mode, when other growth conditions is all identical, this embodiment 3 utilization rate of fertilizer improves 19.00% than traditional fertilization, improves tobacco aroma organoleptic quality (score improves 6) simultaneously, improves the Neutral Aroma Components content 25.0ug/Kg of tobacco leaf.
Claims (3)
1. improve a method for South China's Sandy soil fields soil flue-cured tobacco nutrients resource utilization ratio, it is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
(1) fertilizer:
Organic manure is peanut cake fertilizer and hog manure;
Inorganic fertilizer is ammonium nitrate, fused calcium magnesium phosphate and potassium sulfate;
(2) fertilizing method: in 3-4 week before tobacco planting, peanut cake fertilizer is mixed according to C/N ratio 15-52 ︰ 1 retting of becoming thoroughly decomposed with hog manure and becomes organic manure; Before vega ridging, evenly spread fertilizer over the fields lime according to the amount of every mu of 100kg, and then ridging; During ridging, overlay film after base manure row replacement all made by organic manure, uses with every mu of 178-500Kg/ mu, and controlling to apply organic nitrogen is 4.3kg/ mu; Ammonium nitrate is used according to the amount of N 10.10kg/ mu, and Dressing ratios is 5.05 ︰ 5.05; Fused calcium magnesium phosphate is used according to 12.10kg/ mu, and whole base is executed; Potassium sulfate is used according to the amount of K16.00kg/ mu, and Dressing ratios is 4.80 ︰ 11.20, row replacement when inorganic fertilizer part ridging executed by all bases.
2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described peanut cake fertilizer, and it is by mass fraction, containing N 4.60%, P
2o
51.00%, K
2o 1.00%, C/N ratio is 10.65; Described hog manure, it is by mass fraction, containing N 0.50%, P
2o
50.20%, K
2o 0.25%, C/N ratio 94.50; Ammonium nitrate, it is by mass fraction, containing N 30.00%; Fused calcium magnesium phosphate, by mass fraction, it is containing P
2o
512.00%; Potassium sulfate, it is by mass fraction, containing K
2o 50.00%.
3. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in the fertilizing method of step (2), when base manure is used, supply boron fertilizer is pressed boron 0.10kg/ mu and is supplied fertiliser containing magnesium by MgO 2.00kg/ mu as base manure, wherein boron fertilizer, for borax, it is by mass fraction, boracic 5.00%, magnesium sulfate, it is by mass fraction, containing MgO 20.00%.
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Cited By (6)
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| CN106717905A (en) * | 2016-12-13 | 2017-05-31 | 中国烟草总公司广东省公司 | A kind of method for optimizing the cigarette strain growth and development dynamics of flue-cured tobacco cultivars Guangdong cigarette 97 |
| CN106717899A (en) * | 2016-12-12 | 2017-05-31 | 中国烟草总公司广东省公司 | A kind of implantation methods for lifting the presentation quality of flue-cured tobacco cultivars Guangdong cigarette 97 |
| CN106818107A (en) * | 2016-12-13 | 2017-06-13 | 中国烟草总公司广东省公司 | A kind of implantation methods for improving flue-cured tobacco cultivars K326 chemical compositions |
| CN107251697A (en) * | 2017-06-05 | 2017-10-17 | 广东省烟草南雄科学研究所 | A kind of flue-cured tobacco lean fertilizing method |
| CN108605775A (en) * | 2016-12-12 | 2018-10-02 | 中国烟草总公司广东省公司 | A kind of implantation methods promoting flue-cured tobacco cultivars NC71 economic characters |
| CN112219481A (en) * | 2020-09-18 | 2021-01-15 | 江苏中烟工业有限责任公司 | Method for rapidly repairing tobacco planting soil in barrier lake sludge coverage area |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106717899A (en) * | 2016-12-12 | 2017-05-31 | 中国烟草总公司广东省公司 | A kind of implantation methods for lifting the presentation quality of flue-cured tobacco cultivars Guangdong cigarette 97 |
| CN108605775A (en) * | 2016-12-12 | 2018-10-02 | 中国烟草总公司广东省公司 | A kind of implantation methods promoting flue-cured tobacco cultivars NC71 economic characters |
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| CN107251697A (en) * | 2017-06-05 | 2017-10-17 | 广东省烟草南雄科学研究所 | A kind of flue-cured tobacco lean fertilizing method |
| CN112219481A (en) * | 2020-09-18 | 2021-01-15 | 江苏中烟工业有限责任公司 | Method for rapidly repairing tobacco planting soil in barrier lake sludge coverage area |
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Application publication date: 20150624 |