CN102523810A - Method for applying fertilizers to burley tobaccos - Google Patents
Method for applying fertilizers to burley tobaccos Download PDFInfo
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- CN102523810A CN102523810A CN2011104392126A CN201110439212A CN102523810A CN 102523810 A CN102523810 A CN 102523810A CN 2011104392126 A CN2011104392126 A CN 2011104392126A CN 201110439212 A CN201110439212 A CN 201110439212A CN 102523810 A CN102523810 A CN 102523810A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for applying fertilizers to burley tobaccos. The method is characterized by (1) base fertilizers; (2) rooting fertilizers; (3) seedling picking fertilizers: 10-15 days after transplanting, 3-5kg of potassium sulfate and 5-7kg of calcium ammonium nitrate are taken as the seedling picking fertilizers per mu and the seedling picking fertilizers are dissolved into clear liquid manure to water the tobacco seedlings; and (4) additional fertilizers: 25-30 days after transplanting, 15-19kg of calcium ammonium nitrate and 16-18kg of potassium sulfate are taken as the additional fertilizers per mu, after the calcium ammonium nitrate and the potassium sulfate are uniformly mixed, the mixture is circularly applied 8-10cm away from the two sides of the tobacco plants in combination with membrane uncovering and earth is timely covered. The method has the following beneficial effects: the burley tobaccos look neat and delicate in the fields and grow well and vigorously; the yield is basically stable; the production value is increased by 6.4%; the proportion of the middle and superior tobacco leaves is increased by 12.5%; the appearance quality of the tobacco leaves is improved; and the tobacco leaves have bright color, are lustrous and full and have enough elasticity.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of fertilizing method of burley tobaccos, refer in particular to the fertilizing method that reaches white this burley tobaccos kind.
Background technology
Burley tobaccos originate in the U.S., have very high economic worth as the important source material of producing blended type cigarette.Compare burley tobaccos with flue-cured tobacco and have the big characteristics of nitrogen requirement, its demand approximately is three times of flue-cured tobacco.Therefore covet high yield and a large amount of applied nitrogen are instructed in tobacco grower's fertilising of science for want of in actual production; The compounding application of ignoring other nutrient component; Make nitrogen in the vega, phosphorus, potassium nutrition content is unbalance; This not only can cause in the tobacco leaf chemical composition inharmonious, and particularly higher, the nitrogen base of nicotine content compared low; Strength and excitant are bigger during suction, and flue gas is flexible poor, and owing to nicotine content in the tobacco leaf is too high; Covered the fragrance of tobacco leaf; The characteristic fragrance of burley tobaccos can not reveal, and causes the impression of a kind of " energetically tasteless ", also can reduce utilization rate of fertilizer; Increase tobacco grower's planting cost, make vega soil bad economy, the ecological disastrous effects such as degeneration that harden.Will shine into adverse consequencess such as the burley tobaccos yield of tobacco is low, the style degree is low, and perfume quantity is little, and blade is thin, and is light yet blindly reduce nitrogen application in order to reduce nicotine content, this development to burley tobaccos is very unfavorable.Outside the science, the backwardness of fertilizer practice is not the major reason that causes burley tobaccos output, quality not good to the amount of application of denitrogenating phosphorus potassium yet, the tobacco grower in actual planting process, exist fertilizer variety select improper, base manure and topdress use unscientific problem.
Reaching white No. one is the main breed of Dazhou City, China burley tobaccos major production areas, and its cultivated area reaches 65% of Dazhou City's burley tobaccos cultivated area in the time of 2010.Fertilising still is in the stage that experience is applied fertilizer in Dazhou City's burley tobaccos planting process at present; Therefore the assorted fertilizing method that does not form a cover science as yet of the too much mistake of applying fertilizer kind has crucial directive significance to reaching the production to Dazhou City's burley tobaccos of fertilizing method that white this burley tobaccos kind forms a cover science.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem that the present invention will solve provides the burley tobaccos fertilizing method that a kind of simple, intensive efficient, scientific and normal significantly improving reaches a white burley tobaccos quality.
The fertilizing method that the present invention addresses the above problem is:
(1) base manure: shallow ridges is dug in the 120cm backguy at interval; The farmyard manure that will become thoroughly decomposed evenly is sprinkled into behind the shallow ridges ridging immediately by every mu of 800kg; Treat the cigarette transplantation of seedlings finish the back by the every mu of oil cake 20kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 15-19kg, potassium sulphate 16-21kg, calcium ammonium nitrate 31-40kg and all little fertile mixing circulating application cover nest soil then in from cigarette seedling 8-10cm place; (2) normal root is fertile: every mu of carbon ammonium with 1.5-3kg dissolves in clearly liquid dung as normal root water pouring cigarette seedling during transplanting; (3) fertilizer that lifts seedlings: transplanted the back 10-15 days, every mu of calcium ammonium nitrate conduct fertilizer that lifts seedlings with the potassium sulphate of 3-5kg and 5-7kg; The fertilizer that will lift seedlings is dissolved in liquid dung pouring cigarette seedling clearly; (4) topdress: transplanted the back 25-30 days, every mu with calcium ammonium nitrate 15-19kg with potassium sulphate 16-18kg conduct topdress; With combining to take off film behind calcium ammonium nitrate and the potassium sulphate mixing apart from the 8-10cm place circulating application of cigarette strain both sides, and timely earthing
Adopt this fertilizer practice, burley tobaccos field appearance is neatly delicate and pretty, well-grown, and growing way is vigorous, and output remains basically stable, and the output value increases by 6.4%, and better-than-average cigarette ratio improves 12.5%; The tobacco leaf presentation quality is improved, bright in color, glossy full, elasticity is sufficient.
Through analysis to tobacco sample, find that tobacco leaf that the traditional fertilization method is produced exists nicotine, total nitrogen content too high, the cigarette potassium content is not high, nitrogen base ratio low with the not high problem of potassium chlorine ratio.Can obviously improve the tobacco leaf chemical quality after optimizing fertilizing method, its chemical composition is more coordinated.Under the prerequisite that does not reduce yield of tobacco, effectively reduce nicotine content, compare with the tobacco leaf that the traditional fertilization method is produced and effectively to reduce nicotine about 20%;
Reduced the amount of application of nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer.Tobacco grower's vega input total nutrient is not generally when optimizing fertilizer practice: N22-28kg/667m
2, P
2O
510-12kg/667m
2, K
2O 18-25kg/667m
2Tobacco grower's vega input total nutrient is after optimizing fertilizing method: N 14-18kg/667m
2, P
2O
58-10kg/667m
2, K
2O 24-28kg/667m
2The input amount of nitrogen nutrient has reduced 20% at least, and the phosphorus attainment divides sowing amount to compare decline to some extent with traditional phosphorus application amount, has descended 33% in the time of at most.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is elaborated.
(1) fertilization principle
(1) fertilizer combines with inorganic fertilizer.Fertilizer is that burley tobaccos nitrogen, phosphorus are plain, potassium is plain and one of the important source of middle trace element, and the physical property of improving the soil.And inorganic fertilizer is nutrient sources the most fast of burley tobaccos.
(2) base manure combines with topdressing.Apply fertilizer in the fertile characteristic of need of different growing stage according to burley tobaccos, can significantly improve utilization rate of fertilizer and burley tobaccos output, quality.
(3) nitrogen application reach, the amount of imposing of minimizing later stage nitrogenous fertilizer.Too much imposing nitrogenous fertilizer in the later stage of burley tobacco field growth has not only caused the waste of fertilizer also can make the nicotine content in the tobacco leaf too high.The nitrogenous fertilizer that later stage imposes should only account for and all execute about 40% of weight nitroxide, and within one month after the burley tobaccos transplanting, has all executed at twice.
(4) note using nitrate nitrogen, reduce using of ammonium nitrogen, forbid using urea.Though urea and ammonium nitrogen help to improve yield of tobacco; But because urea and ammonium nitrogen change into the time relationship of nitrate nitrogen in soil; Can not make that carbon nitrogen metabolism intensity transforms in the cigarette strain in good time, cause in the tobacco leaf protein content high, soluble sugar content is low; Increase the ratio of protein, amino acid, nicotine in the tobacco leaf, make quality of tobacco inferior.The best part by weight of using of nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen is 5: 5.
(5) phosphate fertilizer can not be used as topdressing.The availability that the phosphate fertilizer later stage uses is lower, so the phosphate fertilizer of burley tobaccos should all be used as base manure is disposable.
(6) increase potassium application, move after potash fertilizer is used.The potassium element has the strong characteristics that run off easily of activity as the important nutritive element that improves the burley tobaccos quality, and the ratio that imposes that therefore increases potassium application and improve potash fertilizer has remarkable effect to the raising of quality of tobacco.The potash fertilizer that the general later stage imposes will reach about 40% of whole amounts of potassium applied.
(7) use in right amount in little fertilizer.
(2) fertilizing amount
Burley tobaccos inorganic fertilizer amount of application is controlled to be: N 14-18kg/667m
2, P
2O
58-10kg/667m
2, K
2O 24-28kg/667m
2Concrete rate of fertilizer is farmyard manure 800kg/667m
2, oil cake 20kg/667m
2, calcium ammonium nitrate (contain N 27%, CaO 12%) 51-66kg/667m
2, carbon ammonium (containing N 17%) 1.5-3kg/667m
2, potassium sulphate fertilizer (contains K
2O51%) 37-42kg/667m
2, potassium dihydrogen phosphate (contains P
2O
552%, K
2O 34%) 15-19kg/667m
2, little fertile 2kg/667m in the tobacco special use that gold leaf GSFC produces
2
(3) fertilizing method
(1) base manure: shallow ridges is dug in the 120cm backguy at interval; The farmyard manure that will become thoroughly decomposed evenly is sprinkled into behind the shallow ridges ridging immediately by every mu of 800kg; Treat the cigarette transplantation of seedlings finish the back by the every mu of oil cake 20kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 15-19kg, potassium sulphate 16-21kg, calcium ammonium nitrate 31-40kg and all little fertile mixing circulating application cover nest soil then in from cigarette seedling 8-10cm place.
(2) normal root is fertile: every mu of carbon ammonium with 1.5-3kg dissolves in clearly liquid dung as normal root water pouring cigarette seedling during transplanting.
(3) fertilizer that lifts seedlings: transplanted the back 10-15 days, every mu of calcium ammonium nitrate conduct fertilizer that lifts seedlings with the potassium sulphate of 3-5kg and 5-7kg.The fertilizer that will lift seedlings is dissolved in liquid dung pouring cigarette seedling clearly.
(4) topdress: transplanted the back 25-30 days, every mu with calcium ammonium nitrate 15-19kg with potassium sulphate 16-18kg conduct topdress.With combining to take off film behind calcium ammonium nitrate and the potassium sulphate mixing apart from the 8-10cm place circulating application of cigarette strain both sides, and timely earthing.
Following examples and reference examples are to further specify what invent, are not limitations of the present invention.The burley tobaccos composite fertilizer special that uses in the following instance is the burley tobaccos composite fertilizer special that Sichuan gold leaf GSFC produces, and wherein contains N10%, P
2O
510%, K
2O 25%.
Contrast 1 (traditional fertilization method)
Earlier with well-rotted farmyard manure 800kg/667m
2, oil cake 20kg/667m
2Evenly apply ridging behind the shallow ridges, then with burley tobaccos composite fertilizer special 80kg/667m
2, carbon ammonium 20kg/667m
2Uniform ring imposes on cigarette seedling 8-10cm place and uses as base manure behind the mixing, subsequently 1.5kg carbon ammonium is dissolved in clearly liquid dung as normal root water pouring cigarette seedling; Transplant after 15 days carbon ammonium 20kg/667m
2Be dissolved in clearly liquid dung and irrigate the cigarette seedling as lifting seedlings fertilizer; Transplant after 28 days carbon ammonium 40kg/667m
2, superphosphate 20kg/667m
2Uniform ring imposes on cigarette seedling 8-10cm place as topdressing behind the mixing.Transplant after 45 days carbon ammonium 20kg/667m
2Water-soluble pouring cigarette seedling is as topdressing.
According to traditional fertilizing method: the total nutrient that applies is N 25kg/667m
2, P
2O
510.4kg/667m
2, K
2O 20kg/667m
2To account for whole amount of nitrogens 54% and topdress for the last time be in transplanting back 45 days for the amount of application of nitrogen in topdressing; Potash fertilizer has all been executed as base manure; 23% phosphate fertilizer is used as topdressing.
Contrast 2 (optimize fertilizing method, fertilizing amount is not optimized)
Earlier with well-rotted farmyard manure 800kg/667m
2, oil cake 20kg/667m
2Evenly apply ridging behind the shallow ridges, then with calcium ammonium nitrate 54.6kg/667m
2, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 20kg/667m
2, potassium sulphate 10.2kg/667m
2With all in behind little fertile mixing uniform ring impose on cigarette seedling 8-10cm place and use as base manure, being dissolved in 1.5kg carbon ammonium clearly subsequently, liquid dung waters the cigarette seedling as normal root water; Transplant after 15 days potassium sulphate 3kg/667m
2With calcium ammonium nitrate 10kg/667m
2Be dissolved in clearly liquid dung and irrigate the cigarette seedling as lifting seedlings fertilizer; Transplant after 28 days calcium ammonium nitrate 27kg/667m
2With potassium sulphate 12.7kg/667m
2Circulating application is in cigarette seedling 8-10cm place behind the mixing.
Fertilizing method after the optimization: the total nutrient that applies is N 25kg/667m
2, P
2O
510.4kg/667m
2, K
2O 20kg/667m
2Ammonium nitrogen in the nitrogenous fertilizer of using: nitrate nitrogen=5: 5; The amount of application of nitrogen of topdressing account for whole amount of nitrogens about 40% and in one month, all executed; Potash fertilizer about 40% is used as topdressing, and after transplanting 28 days, imposes 32% of whole amounts of potassium applied; All phosphate fertilizer is used as topdressing.
Contrast 3 (optimization fertilizing amount, potash fertilizer move after using not)
Earlier with well-rotted farmyard manure 800kg/667m
2, oil cake 20kg/667m
2Evenly apply ridging behind the shallow ridges, then with calcium ammonium nitrate 33kg/667m
2, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 15.4kg/667m
2, potassium sulphate 30.7kg/667m
2With all in behind little fertile mixing uniform ring impose on cigarette seedling 8-10cm place and use as base manure, being dissolved in 1.5kg carbon ammonium clearly subsequently, liquid dung waters the cigarette seedling as normal root water; Transplant after 15 days potassium sulphate 10kg/667m
2With calcium ammonium nitrate 6kg/667m
2Be dissolved in clearly liquid dung and irrigate the cigarette seedling as lifting seedlings fertilizer; Transplant after 28 days calcium ammonium nitrate 16kg/667m
2Water-soluble pouring cigarette seedling is as topdressing.
The total nutrient that applies is N 15kg/667m
2, P
2O
58kg/667m
2, K
2O 26kg/667m
2Ammonium nitrogen in the nitrogenous fertilizer of using: nitrate nitrogen=5: 5; The amount of application of nitrogen of topdressing account for whole amount of nitrogens 40% and in one month, all executed; The potash fertilizer that later stage imposes only accounts for 20% of whole amounts of potassium applied, and just all executes in back 15 days in transplanting.All phosphate fertilizer is used as topdressing.
Contrast 4 (optimize fertilizing amount, with ammonium nitrogen as sources of nitrogen)
Earlier with well-rotted farmyard manure 800kg/667m
2, oil cake 20kg/667m
2Evenly apply ridging behind the shallow ridges, then with carbon ammonium (nitrogenous 17%) 52kg/667m
2, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 15.4kg/667m
2, potassium sulphate 19.7kg/667m
2With all in behind little fertile mixing uniform ring impose on cigarette seedling 8-10cm place and use as base manure, being dissolved in 1.5kg carbon ammonium clearly subsequently, liquid dung waters the cigarette seedling as normal root water; Transplant after 15 days potassium sulphate 4kg/667m
2With carbon ammonium 10kg/667m
2Be dissolved in clearly liquid dung and irrigate the cigarette seedling as lifting seedlings fertilizer; Transplant after 28 days carbon ammonium 25kg/667m
2With potassium sulphate 17kg/667m
2Circulating application is in cigarette seedling 8-10cm place behind the mixing.
The total nutrient that applies is N 15kg/667m
2, P
2O
58kg/667m
2, K
2O 26kg/667m
2The nitrogenous fertilizer of using is ammonium nitrogen entirely.The amount of application of nitrogen of topdressing account for whole amount of nitrogens about 40% and in one month, all executed; Potash fertilizer about 40% is used as topdressing, and after transplanting 28 days, imposes 33% of whole amounts of potassium applied; All phosphate fertilizer is used as topdressing.
Embodiment: the present invention optimizes fertilizer test
Earlier with well-rotted farmyard manure 800kg/667m
2, oil cake 20kg/667m
2Evenly apply ridging behind the shallow ridges, then with calcium ammonium nitrate 33kg/667m
2, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 15.4kg/667m
2, potassium sulphate 29.7kg/667m
2With all in behind little fertile mixing uniform ring impose on cigarette seedling 8-10cm place and use as base manure, being dissolved in 1.5kg carbon ammonium clearly subsequently, liquid dung waters the cigarette seedling as normal root water; Transplant after 15 days potassium sulphate 4kg/667m
2With calcium ammonium nitrate 6kg/667m
2Be dissolved in clearly liquid dung and irrigate the cigarette seedling as lifting seedlings fertilizer; Transplant after 28 days calcium ammonium nitrate 16kg/667m
2With potassium sulphate 17kg/667m
2Circulating application is in cigarette seedling 8-10cm place behind the mixing.
Fertilizing method after the optimization: the total nutrient that applies is N 15kg/667m
2, P
2O
58kg/667m
2, K
2O 26kg/667m
2Ammonium nitrogen in the nitrogenous fertilizer of using: nitrate nitrogen=5: 5; The amount of application of nitrogen of topdressing account for whole amount of nitrogens about 40% and in one month, all executed; Potash fertilizer about 40% is used as topdressing, and after transplanting 28 days, imposes 33% of whole amounts of potassium applied; All phosphate fertilizer is used as topdressing.
Experimental result data:
The contrast of table 1 embodiment and reference examples burley tobaccos maturing stage agronomy, economic characters
| Agronomy and economic characters | Contrast 1 | Contrast 2 | Contrast 3 | Contrast 4 | Embodiment |
| Plant height (cm) | 124.35 | 125.42 | 123.68 | 127.34 | 126.35 |
| Stem girth (cm) | 12.17 | 12.21 | 11.33 | 11.41 | 11.78 |
| Leaf-area coefficient | 5.78 | 5.81 | 5.49 | 5.53 | 5.63 |
| Output (kg/667m 2) | 159.46 | 161.24 | 154.34 | 156.25 | 155.35 |
| Better-than-average cigarette ratio (%) | 70.36 | 74.15 | 71.46 | 70.87 | 79.16 |
| The output value (unit/667m 2) | 1591 | 1611 | 1563 | 1597 | 1693 |
Remarks: plant height is a measured value after burley tobaccos are pinched.
Table 2 embodiment and the contrast of reference examples burley tobaccos tobacco leaf chemical quality
Should be understood that, concerning those of ordinary skills, can improve or conversion, and all these improvement and conversion all should belong to the protection domain of accompanying claims of the present invention according to above-mentioned explanation.
Claims (1)
1. the fertilizing method of burley tobaccos; It is characterized in that; (1) base manure: shallow ridges is dug in the 120cm backguy at interval; The farmyard manure that will become thoroughly decomposed evenly is sprinkled into behind the shallow ridges ridging immediately by every mu of 800kg, treat the cigarette transplantation of seedlings finish the back by the every mu of oil cake 20kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 15-19kg, potassium sulphate 16-21kg, calcium ammonium nitrate 31-40kg and all little fertile mixing circulating application cover nest soil then in from cigarette seedling 8-10cm place; (2) normal root is fertile: every mu of carbon ammonium with 1.5-3kg dissolves in clearly liquid dung as normal root water pouring cigarette seedling during transplanting; (3) fertilizer that lifts seedlings: transplanted the back 10-15 days, every mu of calcium ammonium nitrate conduct fertilizer that lifts seedlings with the potassium sulphate of 3-5kg and 5-7kg; The fertilizer that will lift seedlings is dissolved in liquid dung pouring cigarette seedling clearly; (4) topdress: transplanted the back 25-30 days, every mu with calcium ammonium nitrate 15-19kg with potassium sulphate 16-18kg conduct topdress; With combining to take off film behind calcium ammonium nitrate and the potassium sulphate mixing apart from the 8-10cm place circulating application of cigarette strain both sides, and timely earthing.
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| CN103141256A (en) * | 2013-03-12 | 2013-06-12 | 河南农业大学 | Tobacco culturing method applying large holes for concentrated fertilization |
| CN106588127A (en) * | 2016-12-09 | 2017-04-26 | 中国烟草总公司广东省公司 | Flue-cured tobacco planting method capable of improving tobacco leaf fragrance |
| CN107646277A (en) * | 2017-11-18 | 2018-02-02 | 云南省烟草农业科学研究院 | It is a kind of effectively to reduce vega N2The fertilizing method of O discharges |
| CN109362310A (en) * | 2018-11-05 | 2019-02-22 | 湖南农业大学 | A kind of fertilizing method for improving flue-cured tobacco and soil phosphorus being absorbed and utilized |
| CN110651580A (en) * | 2019-09-04 | 2020-01-07 | 湖南农业大学 | Fertilizing method for tobacco in rice-crop tobacco area |
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Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102939818A (en) * | 2012-11-08 | 2013-02-27 | 湖北中烟工业有限责任公司 | Fertilizing method for planting cigar tobacco |
| CN102939818B (en) * | 2012-11-08 | 2013-11-13 | 湖北中烟工业有限责任公司 | Fertilizing method for planting cigar tobacco |
| CN103141256A (en) * | 2013-03-12 | 2013-06-12 | 河南农业大学 | Tobacco culturing method applying large holes for concentrated fertilization |
| CN103141256B (en) * | 2013-03-12 | 2014-08-27 | 河南农业大学 | Tobacco culturing method applying large holes for concentrated fertilization |
| CN106588127A (en) * | 2016-12-09 | 2017-04-26 | 中国烟草总公司广东省公司 | Flue-cured tobacco planting method capable of improving tobacco leaf fragrance |
| CN107646277A (en) * | 2017-11-18 | 2018-02-02 | 云南省烟草农业科学研究院 | It is a kind of effectively to reduce vega N2The fertilizing method of O discharges |
| CN109362310A (en) * | 2018-11-05 | 2019-02-22 | 湖南农业大学 | A kind of fertilizing method for improving flue-cured tobacco and soil phosphorus being absorbed and utilized |
| CN110651580A (en) * | 2019-09-04 | 2020-01-07 | 湖南农业大学 | Fertilizing method for tobacco in rice-crop tobacco area |
| CN110651580B (en) * | 2019-09-04 | 2022-10-18 | 湖南农业大学 | Fertilizing method for tobacco in rice-crop tobacco area |
| CN110915398A (en) * | 2019-12-12 | 2020-03-27 | 云南省烟草农业科学研究院 | Water and fertilizer integrated method for drip irrigation of flue-cured tobacco |
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