CN112219481A - Method for rapidly repairing tobacco planting soil in barrier lake sludge coverage area - Google Patents
Method for rapidly repairing tobacco planting soil in barrier lake sludge coverage area Download PDFInfo
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- CN112219481A CN112219481A CN202010985737.9A CN202010985737A CN112219481A CN 112219481 A CN112219481 A CN 112219481A CN 202010985737 A CN202010985737 A CN 202010985737A CN 112219481 A CN112219481 A CN 112219481A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/40—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- C09K2101/00—Agricultural use
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2109/00—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE pH regulation
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Abstract
A method for rapidly restoring tobacco-planted soil in a barrier lake sludge coverage area comprises the following steps: mechanical plowing, concentrated water retting, soil dressing method treatment, organic fertilizer application, deep digging and pond digging and fertilizer application increasing. The method is used for quickly repairing the tobacco planting soil in the weir lake silt covered area, reducing the alkalinity of the tobacco planting soil, improving the organic matters and effective nutrients of the tobacco planting soil to reach the level suitable for the planting of the flue-cured tobaccos, and improving the sustainable production and development capacity of the flue-cured tobacco planting in the weir lake silt covered area.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of tobacco planting soil remediation, and particularly relates to a method for rapidly remediating tobacco planting soil in a weir lake sludge coverage area.
Background
The tobacco planting area along the Jinsha river flow area is large in area involved in tobacco planting division, soil is occasionally covered by sludge caused by drainage of a barrage lake, a flood peak crosses the environment to cause damage to a basic tobacco area, and direct economic loss is huge. The field investigation and detection results of the silt covered area of the barrier lake show that most of the silt covered by the tobacco field is 10-60 cm thick, the structure is bad, the silt is muddy when wet, the silt is hard plate when dry, the problems of high alkalinity (mainly caused by limestone on mountain bodies around the Baige barrier lake), low organic matter and available nutrients and the like exist, the quality and the character of the soil are basically not suitable for planting high-quality flue-cured tobacco, and the normal growth of tobacco leaves is greatly influenced.
At present, the contradiction of reduction of the planting area of regional flue-cured tobacco caused by sludge coverage of a barrier lake is relieved to a certain extent by adopting measures of adjusting a regional planting plan, guiding a tobacco grower to replace field planting and the like. However, the barrier lake silt coverage area belongs to a high-quality flue-cured tobacco planting core area, the number of farmers is high, the quality is high, the planting enthusiasm is high, the fields are connected in a concentrated mode, the flue-cured tobacco planting is a tobacco farmer family, and particularly, the barrier lake is drained to cause an important basic economic source for reconstruction after disasters, so that the fields with large area and heavy barrier lake silt coverage area still have the requirement of rapidly repairing and planting tobacco after the disasters. The prior art only has the traditional siphon method for treating the pond body sludge after the drainage of the barrier lake, but the method has high requirement on equipment and cannot deal with large-area sludge cleaning.
In order to quickly restore the tobacco planted in the barrier lake silt covered area, ensure the normal growth and development of the flue-cured tobacco, maintain the tobacco grower planting benefits of the disaster-affected area to the maximum extent, actively boost the reconstruction development of the disaster area, reduce the engineering requirements of soil restoration of the barrier lake silt covered area, and reduce the restoration cost of the tobacco planted soil covered by the silt, the development of a method for quickly restoring the tobacco planted soil in the barrier lake silt covered area is urgently needed, the negative influence of the barrier lake silt coverage on the economy and environment is relieved, and the sustainable production and development capability of the flue-cured tobacco planting in the barrier lake silt covered area is improved.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the existing problems, the invention aims to provide a method for quickly repairing tobacco-planting soil in a weir lake silt coverage area, which is used for quickly repairing the tobacco-planting soil in the weir lake silt coverage area, reducing the alkalinity of the tobacco-planting soil, improving the organic matters and effective nutrients of the tobacco-planting soil to reach the level suitable for planting flue-cured tobaccos and improving the sustainable production and development capacity of the flue-cured tobacco planting in the weir lake silt coverage area.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a method for rapidly restoring tobacco-planted soil in a barrier lake sludge coverage area comprises the following steps:
(1) mechanical plowing: ploughing by using an agricultural machine, wherein the ploughing depth is more than 20 cm;
(2) concentrated water retting: irrigating water, keeping the water level higher than the surface of the pond soil by at least 3cm, draining water after the water is soaked for more than 3d, and then airing, ridging and conditioning soil moisture;
(3) treating by a soil-covering method: mixing acid laterite with pond soil;
(4) applying an organic fertilizer: uniformly throwing the organic fertilizer on the uniformly mixed soil, and then ridging to manage moisture;
(5) deeply digging and digging a pond: deeply digging by using an agricultural machine until the soil layer is turned over to the original cultivated mellow soil layer, fully mixing the original cultivated mellow soil with the surface mixed soil, and then transplanting;
(6) fertilizer application: on the basis of the normal annual fertilizer input level in the area, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are added.
According to the field investigation and detection results of the inventor in the silt coverage area of the barrier lake, the thickness of most of silt covered by the tobacco field is 10-60 cm, the structure is severe, the silt is muddy when wet, the silt is a hard plate when dry, and the problems of high alkalinity (mainly caused by limestone on the periphery of the white lattice barrier lake), low organic matters and available nutrients and the like exist at the same time, so that the scheme is developed, wherein the plowing depth of the step (1) must be guaranteed to be more than 20cm at the minimum so as to ensure that the original mature soil layer of the tobacco field is plowed to the maximum extent; performing water retting treatment on the deeply ploughed tobacco field in the step (2) to promote uniform distribution of nutrients in a plough layer of the tobacco field and promote leaching to increase leaching loss of strongly alkaline calcium and magnesium ions in soil so as to reduce soil alkalinity, and laying a foundation for subsequent alkalinity adjustment and regular growth of tobacco plants in a field; in the step (3), acid-washed laterite is mixed with pond soil by adopting a soil-bearing method, so that the transplanting survival rate of tobacco seedlings is effectively improved; the process of digging and digging the pond deeply in the step (5) is that most of the tobacco field silts are between 20 and 40cm, and the supplement of the step (5) can promote the original mellow soil to be further mixed with the mixed soil on the surface on the basis of the steps (1) to (4); and (6) adding fertilization to assist in soil alkalinity adjustment. After the treatment in the steps (1) to (6), the soil can be quickly recovered to the pH value, inorganic matter content and organic matter content which are suitable for the growth of the tobacco leaves.
As a further preferable mode of the present invention, after the transplanting in step (5) is completed, at least one pit is dug at each of four corners of the tobacco field up to the cobble layer at the lower part of the tobacco field, and the pit is used for assisting in accelerating leaching of alkaline ions such as calcium, magnesium and the like in the tobacco field.
As a further preference of the invention, the pH of the acidic red mud is 5-6; more preferably, the pH is about 5.5.
In a further preferable mode of the invention, the mixing depth of the acid laterite and the pond soil in the step (3) is 15-30 cm.
As a further preferred aspect of the present invention, the organic fertilizer in step (4) includes: the technical scheme is that mixed sulfur powder and citric acid or oxalic acid are added on the basis of adopting the traditional decomposed farmyard manure to reduce the alkalinity of soil, so that the soil is more suitable for tobacco planting.
As a further preferred aspect of the present invention, the application standards of the organic fertilizer are as follows: 200 kg/mu of decomposed farmyard manure, 10-20 kg/mu of sulfur powder and 10-20 kg/mu of citric acid or oxalic acid.
As a further preferred mode of the present invention, the fertilizer application in the step (6) is carried out to achieve the following conditions: 1 kg/mu of pure nitrogen, 1 kg/mu of phosphate fertilizer and 2.5-3 kg/mu of potash fertilizer.
As a further optimization of the invention, the base additional fertilizer ratio of the nitrogenous fertilizer to the phosphate fertilizer in the step (6) is 2:8, and the potassium fertilizer is completely used for additional fertilizer.
In conclusion, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the deeply ploughed tobacco field is subjected to water retting treatment to promote uniform distribution of nutrients in a plough layer of the tobacco field and reduce the concentration of basic ions such as calcium, magnesium and the like which cause strong alkalinity in soil, so that a foundation is laid for subsequent alkaline regulation and regular growth of tobacco plants in the field.
2. By adopting the laterite-soil method, the transplanting survival rate of the tobacco seedlings is effectively improved.
3. And applying decomposed farmyard manure mixed with sulfur powder and citric acid or oxalic acid to reduce the pH value of the soil, so that the soil is more suitable for planting tobacco leaves.
4. The application method of uniformly scattering the organic fertilizer in the field and then ridging the soil moisture is adopted, so that the organic fertilizer is fully mixed into the existing plough layer to the maximum extent, and the risk of root burning caused by uneven mixing when a large amount of organic fertilizer is mixed in the pond is avoided.
5. And the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is applied additionally to assist in soil alkalinity adjustment.
6. After the transplanting is finished, the auxiliary leaching loss is used for assisting and accelerating leaching loss of alkaline ions such as calcium, magnesium and the like in the tobacco field, and further creates an environment for normal growth of tobacco plants.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating the effect of the invention on the remediation of tobacco-planting soil in a sludge covered area of a barrier lake.
FIG. 3 is a line graph showing the pH detection of soil at various stages of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The method is specifically implemented in a sludge coverage area after the lakeside Baige Weisse lake of the Jinsha river at the end of 2018.
The area of a sludge coverage area is investigated before restoration, and the total number of 11 villages (towns) and 27 village smoking committees 15150 mu of basic smoking area damage is realized. And (4) carrying out field investigation on tobacco planting soil of an implementation field, collecting soil samples, and analyzing the physicochemical properties and nutritional characteristics of the soil in a sludge coverage area. The detection result shows that the covered sludge is strong in alkalinity (the pH is 8.12-9.37), the content of organic matters is extremely low (0.52% -0.87%), and the cation exchange capacity is less than 7m.e/100g of soil. The detection data show that the organic matter is extremely low, the exchange capacity for adsorbing and maintaining the quantity of the cation nutrients is small, and the fertilizer maintaining capacity is small.
Examples
On the basis of the survey sampling analysis, the scheme of the embodiment is as follows:
step one, deep ploughing is carried out by using a large agricultural implement, the ploughing depth is guaranteed to be more than 20cm at the lowest, the ploughing depth is better as far as possible, the primary mature soil layer of the tobacco field is ploughed to the greatest extent, the plough layer structure is improved in a deep ploughing mode, and all tobacco fields subjected to water damage are implemented.
And step two, performing water retting treatment on the deeply ploughed tobacco field according to requirements to promote uniform distribution of nutrients in a plough layer of the tobacco field and reduce the concentration of basic ions such as calcium, magnesium and the like which cause strong alkalinity of soil, and laying a foundation for subsequent alkaline regulation and regular growth of tobacco plants in the field. The method comprises the following steps: irrigating the whole field to keep the water level in the tobacco field higher than the field surface by more than 3cm, continuously submerging and retting for more than 3 days, then completely discharging, airing for 2-3 days, and then immediately ridging and clearing soil moisture. All tobacco fields were subjected to water damage, i.e. 15150 acres of area covering less than 10cm of sludge and more than 10cm of sludge.
And step three, treating by a soil replacement method, and stirring 1kg of laterite (with acidity and pH value of about 5.5) in each pond to ensure that the laterite is uniformly mixed in the pond and the mixing depth of the laterite and the pond soil is about 20 cm.
Step four, applying decomposed farmyard manure according to the standard of 200 kg/mu to mix 8 kg/mu of sulfur powder and 12 kg/mu of citric acid, adopting an application method of uniformly scattering organic fertilizer in the field and then ridging to treat moisture in the soil, promoting the organic fertilizer to be fully mixed in the existing plough layer to the maximum extent, and avoiding the risk of burning roots caused by uneven mixing when a large amount of organic fertilizer is mixed in the pond and transplanted; the method has special limitation that the method cannot be applied before ridging, and attention must be paid to uniform mixing, so that the quality of a mixing pond (or a small part of the mixing pond) is ensured, and the phenomenon that the mixing pond directly contacts with the root system of the tobacco seedling in a large range to cause burning of the root is avoided.
And step five, because the mechanical plowing is generally about 20cm deep, the improvement effect of the whole field soil structure is still limited, for the soil with a most field siltation layer between 20cm and 40cm, during transplanting, the soil is additionally dug downwards and deeply until the soil is turned over to the original plowed mature soil layer during pond digging, the turned-up mature soil is fully mixed with surface pond soil (containing laterite) and then is transplanted, the soil structure at the tobacco plant transplanting position is further improved, and a good growing and developing environment is created for tobacco plants.
Step six, applying 4.5-7.0 kg of pure nitrogen per mu of field tobacco, 5.0-8.0 kg of pure nitrogen per mu of field tobacco and N (nitrogen) in the normal year of the area: p2O5(phosphorus): k2On the basis of the input level of O (potassium) =1:1: 2.5-3' fertilizers, the pure N is increased by 1 kg/mu, and P is increased2O5And K2O proportionally and correspondingly increases the auxiliary soil alkalinity, pure N and P2O52:8, K2And all O is used for topdressing.
And seventhly, digging pits (1-2 pits with the diameter of about 30 x 40 cm) at four corners of the tobacco field after transplanting, wherein the pits reach a cobble layer at the lower part of the tobacco field, and the pits are larger than the pits at two long sides of the tobacco field according to conditions), so as to assist in accelerating leaching loss of alkaline ions such as calcium, magnesium and the like in the tobacco field, and further create an environment for normal growth of tobacco plants.
The tobacco planting soil restoration effect of the barrier lake sludge coverage area is verified, and the verification process is shown in the attached figure 2.
The soil pH values in the tobacco seedling transplanting period, the vigorous growth period and the mature period are detected, as shown in fig. 3, the data show that the soil pH values in the tobacco seedling transplanting period, the vigorous growth period and the mature period are all lower than that before the tobacco seedling transplanting, the soil pH value is about neutral, and the soil pH value is more suitable for the growth of tobacco leaves.
Collecting a flue-cured tobacco leaf sample, determining chemical component data of the flue-cured tobacco, and comparing the chemical components with the conventional chemical components of tobacco leaves in 2018 of normal years, wherein the results are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 conventional chemical composition of flue-cured tobacco after normal year and fast remediation of tobacco-planting soil in sludge covered area
B2F, C3F, X3F are tobacco sample grades.
As can be seen from Table 1, the difference of chemical components of the same grade is small, tobacco leaves with basically consistent chemical components are planted after the soil is quickly repaired, and the effect of quickly repairing the tobacco planting soil in the mud covered area of the Barrier lake is achieved.
The specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the spirit of the invention. Various modifications or additions may be made to the described embodiments or alternatives may be employed by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit or ambit of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. A method for rapidly restoring tobacco-planted soil in a barrier lake sludge coverage area is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) mechanical plowing: ploughing by using an agricultural machine, wherein the ploughing depth is more than 20 cm;
(2) concentrated water retting: irrigating water, keeping the water level higher than the surface of the pond soil by at least 3cm, draining water after the water is soaked for more than 3d, and then airing, ridging and conditioning soil moisture;
(3) treating by a soil-covering method: mixing acid laterite with pond soil;
(4) applying an organic fertilizer: uniformly throwing the organic fertilizer on the uniformly mixed soil, and then ridging to manage moisture;
(5) deeply digging and digging a pond: deeply digging by using an agricultural machine until the soil layer is turned over to the original cultivated mellow soil layer, fully mixing the original cultivated mellow soil with the surface mixed soil, and then transplanting;
(6) fertilizer application: on the basis of the normal annual fertilizer input level in the area, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are added.
2. The method for rapidly restoring tobacco-planted soil in a barrier lake sludge covered area according to claim 1, wherein after the transplanting in the step (5) is completed, at least one pit is dug at each of four corners of the tobacco field until the cobble layer is formed at the lower part of the tobacco field.
3. The method for rapidly restoring tobacco-planted soil in a barrier lake sludge covered area according to claim 1, wherein the pH of the acidic red mud is 5-6.
4. The method for rapidly restoring tobacco-planted soil in a barrier lake sludge coverage area according to claim 3, wherein the mixing depth of the acid laterite and the pond soil in the step (3) is 15-30 cm.
5. The method for rapidly repairing tobacco-planted soil covered by barrier lake sludge as claimed in claim 1, wherein the organic fertilizer in the step (4) comprises: decomposed farmyard manure, sulfur powder, citric acid or oxalic acid.
6. The method for rapidly repairing tobacco-planted soil in a barrier lake sludge coverage area according to claim 5, wherein the application standard of the organic fertilizer is as follows: 200 kg/mu of decomposed farmyard manure, 10-20 kg/mu of sulfur powder and 10-20 kg/mu of citric acid or oxalic acid.
7. The method for rapidly restoring tobacco-planted soil in a barrier lake sludge coverage area according to claim 1, wherein in the step (6), the fertilizer is applied to achieve the following effects: 1 kg/mu of pure nitrogen, 1 kg/mu of phosphate fertilizer and 2.5-3 kg/mu of potash fertilizer.
8. The method for rapidly restoring tobacco-planted soil in a covered area of the weir lake sludge according to claim 7, wherein in the step (6), the ratio of the pure nitrogen to the base top dressing of the phosphate fertilizer is 2:8, and the potassium fertilizer is completely used for top dressing.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115443871A (en) * | 2022-10-09 | 2022-12-09 | 红塔烟草(集团)有限责任公司 | Method for reducing content of chloride ions in field tobacco leaves |
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| CN102823353A (en) * | 2012-09-14 | 2012-12-19 | 安徽中烟工业有限责任公司 | New soil improvement method of clayey tobacco-planting soil |
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Address after: No. 406-3, Zhongshan North Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210019 Applicant after: CHINA TOBACCO JIANGSU INDUSTRIAL Co.,Ltd. Address before: Bell tower of technical center, No.29 Xinglong Street, Jianye District, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province Applicant before: CHINA TOBACCO JIANGSU INDUSTRIAL Co.,Ltd. |
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Application publication date: 20210115 |
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