CN115443871A - Method for reducing content of chloride ions in field tobacco leaves - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for reducing the content of chloride ions in field tobacco leaves, which belongs to the field of tobacco planting and is characterized in that a method of forming high ridges, deeply loosening soil, soaking water in time and draining water is adopted in the tobacco field planting rows, the concentration of the chloride ions in the soil is reduced by washing salt with water, and meanwhile, a drainage ditch and a drainage pool are arranged during the tobacco leaf planting, so that the aim of reducing the content of the chloride ions in the tobacco leaves is achieved. The method can reduce the water-soluble chloride ion content of the soil by 19.0-39.7%, reduce the chloride ion content of the tobacco leaves produced by the soil by 19.0-39.7%, improve the potassium-chloride ratio, and lead the chemical components of the tobacco leaves to be more coordinated, thereby improving the quality of the tobacco leaves.

Description

Method for reducing content of chloride ions in field tobacco leaves

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of tobacco planting, in particular to a method for reducing the content of chloride ions in field tobacco leaves.

Background

For tobacco, chlorine is a very specific element. The control of the chlorine content is very important to improve and enhance the quality of the tobacco leaves. The chlorine content in the soil is too low, so that the tobacco growth is unfavorable, but the chlorine content in the soil is increased, when the chlorine content in the tobacco leaves is too high, the tobacco leaves are greenish and crisp, the surfaces of the tobacco leaves are smooth, the back surfaces of the tobacco leaves are dark, the dehydration is slow during modulation, the starch content is high, the combustion is poor, the smoking has seaweed-like strange fishy smell, meanwhile, the moisture absorption of the tobacco leaves is increased, the combustibility of the tobacco leaves is reduced, flameout phenomena with different degrees are generated, and the combustibility and the aroma of cigarettes are finally influenced. When the chlorine content of the tobacco leaves is insufficient, the tobacco leaves are thin in identity, insufficient in content, poor in elasticity, easy to break and low in tobacco shred yield. At present, the phenomenon of applying chlorine-containing fertilizers to non-tobacco crops (spring crops or annual crop rotation crops) in Yunnan tobacco areas is common, especially to rice. The chlorine content of cultivated soil in many areas rises, and the chloride ion concentration of a considerable part of soil exceeds the limit value of 30mg/kg, and the chloride ion concentration of a part of soil exceeds the maximum limit value of 45mg/kg. Wherein, the average content of chloride ions in the soil in the areas of Yuxi Tonghai, jiangchuan, huaning, chuxiyaoan, zhaotongqiao and the like is more than 30mg/kg. In addition, the sampling of Yuxi Anthrig mountain before period shows that nearly one fifth (18.0%) of soil samples (322 total samples) have the chloride ion content higher than 30mg/kg, more than 10 th (11.2%) of soil samples have the chloride ion concentration higher than 45mg/kg, and the highest soil chloride ion concentration is as high as 244.1mg/kg. The highest chlorine content of the primary flue-cured tobacco leaves in the core raw material base reaches 3.24 percent and is far beyond the range of 0.3 to 0.6 percent of the proper chlorine content of high-quality tobacco leaves, and the combustibility and the industrial availability of the tobacco leaves are seriously influenced.

The high-quality tobacco raw material is an important support for guaranteeing the sustainable development of cigarette enterprises brands. However, in the current tobacco leaf production, the blind and unbalanced application of chemical fertilizers and the large application of chlorine-containing chemical fertilizers to non-tobacco crops result in the degradation of soil quality and the overhigh soil chlorine content in tobacco areas, so that the tobacco leaves produced in partial tobacco areas have poor development and unstable quality, low aroma quality and poor combustibility, and the industrial availability of the tobacco leaves is seriously influenced. Therefore, it is urgently needed to develop a simple and low-cost agricultural measure to reduce the content of chloride ions in soil, so as to reduce the chloride ions in tobacco leaves and improve the availability of the tobacco leaves.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve or partially solve the problems in the related technology, the invention provides a method for reducing the content of chloride ions in field tobacco leaves, which mainly combines the natural conditions and planting habits of tobacco planting areas, greatly reduces the concentration of the chloride ions in the soil of the tobacco fields by proper measures, and controls the concentration of the chloride ions in the soil of the tobacco fields within a proper range, thereby effectively reducing the concentration of the chloride ions in the tobacco leaves, coordinating the ratio of potassium to chloride, and improving the quality and industrial availability of the tobacco leaves.

The invention provides a method for reducing the content of chloride ions in field tobacco leaves, which comprises the following steps:

high ridges are formed in the planting rows of the tobacco fields, the soil is deeply loosened, and water is timely soaked and drained to wash salt so as to reduce the concentration of chloride ions in the soil.

Furthermore, high ridges with the height larger than 35cm are planted in the tobacco field, and the rotary tillage depth of the deep scarification is larger than 40cm.

Further, the water soaking and draining starts 35-40 days before planting, and water is irrigated, salt is washed, and water is drained for 2 times, wherein the interval between the two times of irrigation and drainage is one month.

Furthermore, when the tobacco leaves are planted, a drainage ditch and a drainage pool are arranged;

furthermore, the drainage ditch is a cross ditch or a parallel drainage ditch, and the depth of the drainage ditch is more than 15cm;

furthermore, the drainage pond is arranged at a low-lying position on the field side, the area of the drainage pond is distributed according to 3 square meters per mu of land, and the depth of the drainage pond is larger than 80cm.

Further, the method is suitable for Tian Yanchong planting areas with soil chloride ion content of more than 45mg/kg.

It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the invention, as claimed.

The invention has the beneficial technical effects that:

the method can reduce the water-soluble chloride ion content of the soil by 20-42%, reduce the chloride ion content of the tobacco leaves produced by the soil by 35-50%, increase the potassium content and potassium-chloride ratio of the tobacco leaves, and lead the chemical components of the tobacco leaves to be more coordinated, thereby improving the quality of the tobacco leaves. Has the prospect of further large-area demonstration and popularization.

Detailed Description

Alternative embodiments of the present application will be described in more detail below. While alternative embodiments of the present application have been described, it should be understood that the present application may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art.

The terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used in this application and the appended claims, the singular forms "a", "an", and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It should also be understood that the term "and/or" as used herein refers to and encompasses any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

The invention provides a method for reducing the content of chloride ions in field tobacco leaves, which comprises the following steps:

high ridges are formed in the planting rows of the tobacco fields, the soil is deeply loosened, and water is timely soaked and drained to wash salt so as to reduce the concentration of chloride ions in the soil.

In one embodiment of the application, the tobacco field planting rows form high ridges with the height of more than 35cm, and the rotary tillage depth of the deep scarification soil is more than 40cm.

In one embodiment of the present application, the soaking and draining are performed 35-40 days before planting, and the water is irrigated, salt washed and drained for 2 times, wherein the interval between the two irrigation and drainage is one month.

In one embodiment of the application, a drainage ditch and a drainage pool are arranged when the tobacco leaves are planted;

the drainage ditch is a cross ditch or a parallel drainage ditch, and the depth of the drainage ditch is more than 15cm;

the drainage pond is arranged at a low-lying position on the field side, the area of the drainage pond is distributed according to 3 square meters per mu of land, and the depth of the drainage pond is larger than 80cm.

In one embodiment of the present application, the method is suitable for Tian Yanchong planting areas with soil chloride content > 45mg/kg.

For the sake of clarity, the following examples are given in detail.

Example 1

1 materials and methods

1.1 test site

The test is located in Jiangchuan county, yuenchanzhen Zhou Guancun.

1.2 salt-washing treatment by irrigation

Irrigating water, washing salt, and draining water for 1 time.

1.3 sample Collection

Collecting twice: before and after 3 weeks of salt washing by irrigation, collecting the samples with the depth of 0-20cm, sampling at multiple points by adopting a snake method or a diagonal method, mixing the samples uniformly, and inspecting. Sampling is carried out before salt washing by irrigation to investigate the dynamic change of salt migration.

2. Results of soil sample analysis

The soil was collected before and after 3 weeks of irrigation and salt leaching, respectively, and the results are shown in Table 1.

The result shows that after deep-ploughing irrigation, the salt in the soil at the lower layer is migrated to the surface along with the evaporation of the water on the soil surface.

TABLE 1 test results of chloride ion tracking (chloride ion content unit: mg/kg)

In order to reveal the reason that the deep ploughing of the soil causes the increase of the concentration of chloride ions on the surface of the soil, soil samples of similar fields at different depths are collected, and the result is shown in table 2, and the accumulation of chloride ions at the bottom of a plough layer can be seen. Therefore, after the soil is deeply turned over and soaked and washed with water, the salt of the lower layer can be moved upwards. Therefore, irrigation and drainage cycles must be performed to wash out the chloride ions from the soil that rise from the bottom to the surface after the deep-turning foam water washes out the salt.

TABLE 2 different depth of the former soil (unit: mg/kg)

Meanwhile, in river regions, farmers are used to the water soaking planting among ridges when planting, so that a large amount of chloride ions in the fertilizer containing chlorine are dissolved in water, and along with the mutual flowing of water among field blocks and ditches, the chloride ions can seep into the well water in the field. Thus, the effect is more and more serious. Therefore, drainage ditches and drainage ponds must be provided during tobacco planting to drain chloride ions dissolved in water from the tobacco fields.

Example 2

1 materials and methods

1.1 test materials

The test variety is msK, and the test variety is rice before the test field. And (4) adopting a floating seedling raising tray to raise seedlings, and selecting the tobacco seedlings with uniform and robust growth vigor for transplanting when 7 leaves grow to 1 heart. The test points are each arranged in a separate test Tian Kuaina, managed separately.

1.2 test site and design

Test site: located in Jiangchuan county, prefecture town Zhou Guancun. In the same field of the same previous stubble, two treatments are set:

(a) Comparison: local habits are adopted.

(b) And (3) irrigating and salt washing treatment: beginning 35-40 days before planting, irrigating water, washing salt, draining water for 2 times, and one month interval between two times of irrigation and drainage.

Ditching and ridging: (a) control: local habits are adopted.

(b) The height of the planting rows of the tobacco field after irrigation and salt washing treatment is 40cm, and the rotary tillage depth for deep loosening is 45cm. When the tobacco leaves are planted, a cross drainage ditch is opened to 18cm in depth; a drainage pool is arranged at a low-lying position on the field side, the area is 2.7 square meters (0.9 mu), and the depth is 100cm.

Planting tobacco: and (4) transplanting according to a conventional method, and applying local fertilizers and application amount.

1.3 sample Collection

(a) Soil before planting tobacco

Twice collection: before and after the two periods of irrigation and salt washing, the collection depth is 0-20cm, multi-point sampling is carried out by adopting a snake method or a diagonal method, and the samples are uniformly mixed and inspected.

(b) Tobacco leaf sample

After topping, selecting 3 rows for each treatment, selecting 5 plants in each row, and respectively listing and marking the tobacco leaves at the 5 th, 6 th, 10 th, 11 th, 15 th and 16 th leaf positions. After the tobacco leaves are baked, collecting the early-stage tabbed tobacco leaves and sampling 3kg of the tobacco leaves in the upper, middle and lower 3 parts respectively. The samples were used for the later chemical component detection. Drying each sample in an oven at 45 ℃, crushing, sieving by a 60-mesh fine sieve, and measuring the content of conventional chemical components such as nicotine, total sugar, total nitrogen and potassium.

2. Results and analysis

2.1 chloride ion content in soil

2.2, tobacco leaf quality:

from the results in the table below, the land is planted with tobacco by salt washing treatment, so that the content of chloride ions in tobacco leaves of each part can be reduced (by 0.50-0.83 unit), and the chemical properties of the tobacco leaves can be coordinated.

TABLE 4 physicochemical Properties of differently treated tobacco leaves

Although the invention has been described in detail above with reference to a general description and specific embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications or improvements may be made on the basis of the invention. Accordingly, such modifications and improvements do not depart from the spirit of the invention and are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.

Claims (5)

1. A method for reducing the content of chloride ions in field tobacco leaves is characterized by comprising the following steps:

high ridges are formed in the planting rows of the tobacco field, the soil is deeply loosened, and water is timely soaked and drained to wash salt so as to reduce the concentration of chloride ions in the soil.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the tobacco field is planted in high ridges with a height of more than 35cm, and the deep soil is plowed at a rotary tillage depth of more than 40cm.

3. The method for reducing the chloride ion content of field tobacco leaves according to claim 1, wherein the soaking water drainage is started 35-40 days before planting, and the irrigation and salt washing and the drainage are carried out for 2 times, wherein the interval between the two irrigation and drainage is one month.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein a drainage ditch and a drainage pool are provided for planting tobacco leaves;

the drainage ditch is a cross ditch or a parallel drainage ditch, and the depth of the drainage ditch is more than 15cm;

the drainage pond is arranged at a low-lying position on the field side, the area of the drainage pond is distributed according to 3 square meters per mu of land, and the depth of the drainage pond is larger than 80cm.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the method is applied to a Tian Yanchong planting area with soil chloride content > 45mg/kg.