CN104041277A - Crop rotation and no-tillage method for reducing chlorine ion content of tobacco leaves in field tobacco planting area - Google Patents
Crop rotation and no-tillage method for reducing chlorine ion content of tobacco leaves in field tobacco planting area Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a crop rotation and no-tillage method for reducing chlorine iron content of tobacco leaves in a field tobacco planting area, which adopts tobacco, autumn potato, winter potato, rice, broad bean and flue-cured tobacco circular rotation planting and no-tillage direct seeding and no-tillage interplanting, and comprises the technologies of transplanting flue-cured tobacco and ridges for no-tillage interplanting autumn potatoes, planting winter potatoes, planting rice and no-tillage direct seeding of broad beans and fertilizing. The method provided by the invention can reduce water soluble chlorine ion content in tobacco planting soil in which the water soluble chlorine ion content is as high as 144.23 mg/kg by 68.88-69.26%, the chlorine ion content of the tobacco leaves produced in the soil is originally as high as 19.75g/kg and can be reduced by 70.51-76.05%, the potassium content and the ratio of potassium to chlorine of the tobacco leaves are increased, the ratio of the potassium to chlorine can reach 4.69, the standard of high-quality tobacco leave production can be met, the chemical contents of the tobacco leaves are more compatible, and therefore the quality of the tobacco leaves is improved. Meanwhile the labor cost is reduced by 240 yuan per mu.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to crop-planting technical field, be specifically related to flue-cured tobacco cultivation method.
Background technology
Tobacco be generally acknowledge avoid chlorine plant, responsive to chlorine, do not advocate for a long time to use chloride chemical fertilizer.But, chlorine is also the nutritive element of tobacco, in tobacco body, undertaking certain physiological function, be mainly participating in photosynthetic work, regulate stomatal movement, maintain that Premeabilisation of cells is pressed, charge balance in holder, suppress the aspects such as damage by disease and insect and have important physiological action.Tobacco leaf is chloride too high or too lowly all has impact to quality of tobacco.In tobacco leaf, chloride ion content is at 3～6g/kg, K
2o/Cl is when 4～10 scope, and tobacco leaf quality is soft, and table profit, high resilience become silk rate high, and flammability is good, and quality value is high.When chlorinty <3 g/kg, tobacco leaf wettability power is poor, and water content is low, and tobacco leaf is crisp and frangible, is unfavorable for transportation, stores, and is unfavorable for redrying, fermentation; When tobacco leaf chlorinty is during lower than 0.25g/kg, just there will be the deficiency disease of chlorine, have a strong impact on tobacco growing and quality of tobacco.And when tobacco leaf chlorinty >8 g/kg, its quality is loose, hygroscopicity is excessively strong, and water content is too high, difficult storage, and easy mildew, rotten, fermentation is fierce, and fillibility is poor, easily extinguishes fire, incomplete combustion, tar content raises, poor stability.
Applicant's early-stage Study shows that subregion, Qujing City of Yunnan Province has surpassed soil water dissolubility chloride ion content standard max (45mg/kg) and the tobacco leaf chloride ion content standard max (6g/kg) of high-quality tobacco production requirement, especially the Luliang County of Qujing City of Yunnan Province, tobacco leaf chloride ion content mean value has reached 14.45g/kg, has badly influenced quality of tobacco.Find by inquiry, field, the Luliang County chloride too high reason of cigarette growing area tobacco leaf mainly contains two aspects: the one, by rotation system change, caused, at field cigarette growing area, due to the driving of economic interests, peasant household generally adopts flue-cured tobacco-winter potato-flue-cured tobacco-winter potato-flue-cured tobacco rotation system at present.Because soil colloid be take electronegative as main, chlorion in soil is seldom adsorbed, easily with water leaching loss, therefore, after the crop rotation of paddy rice-flue-cured tobacco, chlorine in being manured into soil easily outflows with water, generally can drench the soil layer of 100cm, make topsoil soils chlorinty maintain lower level, and winter potato-flue-cured tobacco crop rotation add arid in recent years, cause the drip washing downwards smoothly of soil Water soluble chloride ion, and accumulation in a large number in topsoil soils, and then cause that tobacco leaf increases the absorption of chlorion, causes tobacco leaf chloride ion content too high; The 2nd, by kind of plant change, caused, originally plant plant paddy rice and not only can pass through leaching, reduce topsoil soils chloride ion content, and fertilizing amount is relatively low, and potato belongs to the great economic crops of fertilizer requirement, be generally 2 times of fertilization of rice amount, local peasant household is in order to reduce fertilizers input cost, a large amount of lower chloride Chemical Mixed Fertilizers of height of price that use, cause chlorion accumulation in a large number in soil.
Simultaneously, Yunnan is a Traditional Agriculture Province, as the main production factors of agricultural, and a large amount of rural laborers' especially between twenty and fifty labor export, the labour who is engaged in agricultural production in staying at home is women and old man mostly, certainly will have a huge impact family's agricultural production.Rural laborer lacks, and becomes the key factor that restriction Yunnan traditional farming is produced.Therefore, in agricultural production, need to take into full account labour's saving.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to provide a kind of crop rotation and no-tillage method that reduces field cigarette growing area tobacco leaf chloride ion content, the method is by reducing field cigarette growing area soil water dissolubility chloride ion content, reduce tobacco leaf chloride ion content, tobacco leaf chemical composition is coordinated more, thereby promote tobacco leaf intrinsic chemical quality, the method has also been taken into account simultaneously and has been reduced the economic needs to plantation flue-cured tobacco and potato of agricultural production labor cost and peasant household.
A kind of crop rotation and no-tillage method that reduces field cigarette growing area tobacco leaf chloride ion content provided by the present invention, carry out as follows flue-cured tobacco-potato planted in autumn-winter potato-paddy rice-broad bean-flue-cured tobacco circulation crop rotation plantation and no-tillage and direct-seeding, zero tillage and interplanting:
(1) transplant flue-cured tobacco and ridge body zero tillage and interplanting potato planted in autumn
(1) selection of land and whole ground
At field cigarette growing area, select the cured tobacco leaf chloride ion content >=8g/kg of plantation and the plot of soil water dissolubility chlorinity >=45mg/kg, in First Year, carry out whole ground, reason moisture in the soil, ridging, Da Tang April, the high 25cm in ridge, row spacing M is 30cm, row spacing L is 120m, and flue-cured tobacco line-spacing N is 120cm, and the cigarette strain pool is 55cm apart from D;
(2) transplant flue-cured tobacco
1. at the beginning of mid-April to 5 month, transplant flue-cured tobacco, before flue-cured tobacco transplanting, 1.8～2.2kg water is watered on every pool, after water permeates completely, pool basal dressing, base manure is mixed by well-rotted farmyard manure, tobacco compound fertilizer special and superphosphate, well-rotted farmyard manure consumption is 1500kg/ mu, the consumption of tobacco compound fertilizer special is 25～30 kg/ mus, and the consumption of superphosphate is 25～35kg/ mu, N:P in tobacco compound fertilizer special
2o
5: K
2the mass ratio of O is 15:5:25, in mass fraction, and P in superphosphate
2o
5>=16%;
2. after the basal dressing of the pool, transplant flue-cured tobacco, every pool 0.8～1.2kg that waters, laying plastic, on the mulch film corresponding with cured tobacco seedling position, punch, and with soil, press the mulch film of pool surrounding, and after transplanting 25～30 days, spraying fertilizer 1 time, described topdressing as Agricultural Potassium Nitrate, the consumption of Agricultural Potassium Nitrate is 10～15kg/ mu, is watered to water to execute N:P in described Agricultural Potassium Nitrate
2o
5: K
2the mass ratio of O is 13.5:0:44.5; Flue-cured tobacco season strictly bans use of chloride chemical fertilizer;
3. since mid or late July minute 5～6 tobacco leaves of gathering, at the beginning of late August to 9 month, gather complete;
(3) zero tillage and interplanting potato planted in autumn on flue-cured tobacco ridge
1. mid or late July is to early August, after flue-cured tobacco lower tobacco leaf and part middle part tobacco leaf picking, before upper tobacco leaf gathers, each 1 row potato planted in autumn of the direct zero tillage and interplanting in the capable both sides of flue-cured tobacco on ridge, potato planted in autumn line-spacing is divided into big or small line-spacing, wide row space G is 90cm, little line-spacing K is 30cm, and spacing in the rows E is 25cm;
2. after tobacco leaf is all gathered in the crops, at potato planted in autumn root system, adopt circulating application method around, execute base fertilizer one time, base fertilizer is special compound fertilizer for potato, and consumption is 80～100kg/ mu, N:P in special compound fertilizer for potato
2o
5: K
2the mass ratio of O is 11:8:6; Do not topdress;
3. in late November to early and middle ten days in December, disposable results potato planted in autumn.
(2) winter potato planting
1. after potato planted in autumn results, in late December to Second Year early January, again whole geographical moisture in the soil, ridging, sowing winter potato, the high 30～40cm in ridge, row spacing 20cm, row spacing is 55～60cm, the winter line-spacing of potato is 55～60cm, spacing in the rows is 28～30cm;
2. after the winter, potato emerged, at winter potato root system, adopt circulating application method around, execute base fertilizer one time, base fertilizer is that well-rotted farmyard manure and special compound fertilizer for potato mix, well-rotted farmyard manure consumption is 2500～3000kg/ mu, special compound fertilizer for potato consumption is 100～140kg/ mu, N:P in special compound fertilizer for potato
2o
5: K
2the mass ratio of O is 16:9:10; Do not topdress;
3. at the beginning of Second Year mid or late April to 5 month, disposable results winter potato.
(3) plantation paddy rice and no-tillage and direct-seeding broad bean
(1) plantation paddy rice
1. after winter potato harvest, again level land, in mid or late May plantation paddy rice, paddy rice row is that 25cm, spacing in the rows F are 13cm apart from A;
2. rice basal fertilizer is comprised of well-rotted farmyard manure and paddy rice compound fertilizer special, and well-rotted farmyard manure consumption is 1000 kg/ mus, and paddy rice compound fertilizer special consumption is 40～80 kg/ mus, N:P in described paddy rice compound fertilizer special
2o
5: K
2the mass ratio of O is 13:5:7, and the fertilization mode of rice basal fertilizer is: before paddy field is ploughed, execute well-rotted farmyard manure, then discharge water and soak paddy field, spread fertilizer over the fields paddy rice compound fertilizer special before rice transplanting; Rice plant of tillering stage,, impose urea 5～10kg/ mu, and Rise's boot period imposes urea 5～10kg/ mu, in mass fraction, and N>=46.4% in described urea;
3. Second Year mid or late September is to early October, disposable results paddy rice.
(2) no-tillage and direct-seeding broad bean
1. after rice harves, Second Year mid or late October, no-tillage and direct-seeding broad bean, broad bean plantation adopts big or small line-spacing, and wide row space B is 50cm, is that two row paddy rice stubbles are capable between two row broad beans of wide row space, little line-spacing C is 25cm, is that 1 row paddy rice stubble is capable between two row broad beans of little line-spacing, and Faba Strain is 15cm apart from S;
2. do not execute any fertilizer;
3. to April, repeatedly pluck and eat broad bean or disposable harvesting broad bean raw in March, the 3rd.
(4) circulation crop rotation
In March, the 3rd is to April, after broad bean is plucked, to starting again to carry out the circulation crop rotation plantation of flue-cured tobacco-potato planted in autumn-winter potato-paddy rice-broad bean-flue-cured tobacco and no-tillage and direct-seeding, zero tillage and interplanting by step () to step (two) at the beginning of mid-April to 5 month.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1, reduced significantly field of planting cured tobacco topsoil soils Water soluble chloride ion content.The present invention can make soil water dissolubility chloride ion content reduce by 68.88%～69.26% up to the soil water dissolubility chloride ion content in cigarette ground of planting of 144.23mg/kg, and is conducive to soil nutrient balance.In the crop rotation of flue-cured tobacco-potato-flue-cured tobacco in prior art-potato and cultivation, flue-cured tobacco, potato all belong to economic crops, belong to again solanaceous crops, due in potato planting season, local peasant household uses special compound fertilizer for potato material and mostly is high chloride fertilizer, and flue-cured tobacco or the successive selection absorption of potato to soil nutrient, cause that Soil Chlorine ion too much accumulates, destroyed the original nutrient balance state of soil.The circulation crop rotation plantation of flue-cured tobacco-potato planted in autumn of the present invention-winter potato-paddy rice-broad bean-flue-cured tobacco and no-tillage and direct-seeding, zero tillage and interplanting; rice field-upland field rotation, the crop rotation of grain potato, the crop rotation of grain cigarette, the crop rotation of grain beans, the crop rotation of cigarette beans and economic crops and cereal crops crop rotation plantation collocation have been considered; especially by the leaching of flue-cured tobacco and paddy rice crop rotation; can effectively reduce tobacco planting topsoil chloride ion content, soil protection nutrient imbalance.
2, reduce significantly the content of chlorion in tobacco leaf.The present invention can make tobacco leaf chloride ion content reduce by 70.51%～76.05% up to chloride ion content in the tobacco leaf of 19.75g/kg, meanwhile, also increases tobacco leaf potassium (K
2o) content and potassium chlorine are than (K
2o/Cl), tobacco leaf potassium chlorine ratio is 4.69, reaches the standard (K that sound tobacco is produced
2o/Cl gold standard 4～10), tobacco leaf potassium chlorine, than improving 517.10%～263.57%, is more coordinated tobacco leaf chemical composition, thereby has been promoted quality of tobacco.In the crop rotation of flue-cured tobacco-potato-flue-cured tobacco in prior art-potato and cultivation, flue-cured tobacco, potato all belong to happiness potassium crop, can there is Competition to the absorption of potassium in potato and flue-cured tobacco, potato can cause soil potassium to be exhausted to the absorption of potassium, thereby reduce the absorption of tobacco leaf potassium; And flue-cured tobacco, potato belong to fear-chlorion crop, in potato planting season, local peasant household uses special compound fertilizer for potato material, contain a large amount of chlorine elements, potato this season can not effectively absorb, cause Soil Chlorine ion to accumulate in a large number, thereby cause tobacco leaf chloride ion content too high, reduce quality of tobacco.In the circulation crop rotation of flue-cured tobacco-potato planted in autumn of the present invention-winter potato-paddy rice-broad bean-flue-cured tobacco and no-tillage and direct-seeding, zero tillage and interplanting method, leaching due to rice field-upland field rotation, can effectively reduce tobacco planting topsoil chloride ion content, thereby tobacco leaf chloride ion content is reduced, and paddy rice, broad bean are relatively low to the demand of potassium, therefore, can effectively guarantee the demand of tobacco leaf to potassium, increase content and the tobacco leaf potassium chlorine ratio of tobacco leaf potassium, thereby promoted tobacco leaf chemical quality.
3, chloride ion content and increase tobacco leaf potassium (K in the tobacco leaf that can significantly reduce field of planting cured tobacco topsoil soils Water soluble chloride ion content, reduce significantly
2o) content and potassium chlorine are than (K
2o/Cl), reach under the prerequisite of the standard that sound tobacco produces, the present invention has also reduced agricultural production labour and has dropped into, and saves 240 yuan/mu of labor costs.According to 2 man-hour/mus of whole geographical moisture in the soil, 1 man-hour/mu of ridging calculates, in existing flue-cured tobacco-winter potato-flue-cured tobacco-winter potato-flue-cured tobacco crop rotation and cultivation, share 15 man-hour/mus, circulation crop rotation and the no-tillage and direct-seeding of flue-cured tobacco-potato planted in autumn of the present invention-winter potato-paddy rice-broad bean-flue-cured tobacco, in zero tillage and interplanting method, share 11 man-hour/mus, two batches of crops of broad bean autumn and potato adopt no-tillage and direct-seeding, zero tillage and interplanting can be saved 4 man-hour/mus, according to 60 yuan of calculating of each working hour expense of local market, the technology of the present invention can be saved 240 yuan/mu of labor costs than prior art.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of zero tillage and interplanting potato planted in autumn on flue-cured tobacco ridge.
Fig. 2 is the paddy rice stubble schematic diagram of no-tillage and direct-seeding broad bean in the ranks.
In figure, each mark represents successively: 1-flue-cured tobacco ridge face, 2-flue-cured tobacco, 3-potato, 4-paddy rice, 5-broad bean, M represents row spacing, L represents row spacing, and N represents flue-cured tobacco line-spacing, and D represents cigarette strain pool distance, G represents potato wide row space, and K represents the little line-spacing of potato, and E represents potato spacing in the rows, A represents paddy rice row distance, and F represents paddy rice spacing in the rows, and B represents broad bean wide row space, C represents the little line-spacing of broad bean, and S represents Faba Strain distance.
Embodiment
In Luliang County, Qujing City of Yunnan Province, virtue Hua Zhentian cigarette growing area is carried out experimental study, after flue-cured tobacco results in 2011, gather soil and tobacco leaf (C3F) that this plants cigarette ground, at this soil water dissolubility chloride ion content of indoor detection, be 144.23mg/kg, this tobacco leaf (C3F) chloride ion content is 19.75g/kg.Following examples are general planting method without special instruction.Embodiment arranges following two processing:
process 1 for contrast:potato-flue-cured tobacco the crop rotation of flue-cured tobacco-winter potato-flue-cured tobacco-winter, that is:
Transplant flue-cured tobacco on April 28th, 2011, the tobacco leaf that starts July 25 the same year minute to gather for 5-6 time, Augusts 25, tobacco leaf picking finished.
On October 20th, 2011, carry out whole ground, ridging, winter potato sowing, fertilising, overlay film, on April 25th, 2012 in the disposable results winter potato.
Transplant flue-cured tobacco on May 5th, 2012, the tobacco leaf that starts July 30 the same year minute to gather for 5-6 time, September 3, tobacco leaf picking finished.
On October 22nd, 2012, carry out whole ground, ridging, winter potato sowing, fertilising, overlay film, on April 20th, 2013 in the disposable results winter potato.
Transplant flue-cured tobacco on April 30th, 2013, the tobacco leaf that starts July 23 the same year minute to gather for 5-6 time, August 26, tobacco leaf picking finished.
process 2 for the present invention:potato-paddy rice-broad bean-flue-cured tobacco the crop rotation of flue-cured tobacco-potato planted in autumn-winter, that is:
Transplant flue-cured tobacco on April 28th, 2011, the tobacco leaf that starts July 25 the same year minute to gather for 5-6 time, Augusts 25, tobacco leaf picking finished.
On August 7th, 2011, under, after the tobacco leaf picking of middle part, before upper leaf is gathered, ridge body zero tillage and interplanting potato planted in autumn, on November 25th, 2011 disposable results potato planted in autumn.
On December 1st, 2011 again wholely, reason moisture in the soil, bedder-planter winter potato, on May 3rd, 2012 in the disposable results winter potato.
On May 24th, 2012, again level land, the soaked field that discharges water, on May 27th, 2012 plantation paddy rice, on October 1st, 2012 disposable results paddy rice.
After rice harves, on October 23rd, 2012, no-tillage and direct-seeding broad bean, on April 5th, 2013, disposable results broad bean.
On April 23rd, 2013 (the 3rd year), transplant flue-cured tobacco, the tobacco leaf that starts July 22 the same year minute to gather for 5-6 time, Augusts 26, tobacco leaf picking finished.
The kind of identical crop in above two processing, plantation specification are all identical with fertilising.
Concrete operations of the present invention:
Carry out as follows flue-cured tobacco-potato planted in autumn-winter potato-paddy rice-broad bean-flue-cured tobacco circulation crop rotation plantation and no-tillage and direct-seeding, zero tillage and interplanting:
(1) transplant flue-cured tobacco and ridge body zero tillage and interplanting potato planted in autumn
(1) selection of land and whole ground
At field cigarette growing area, selecting tobacco leaf chloride ion content is the plot of 19.75g/kg and the soil water dissolubility chlorinity plantation flue-cured tobacco that is 144.23mg/kg, in April, 2011 (First Year), carry out whole ground, reason moisture in the soil, ridging, Da Tang, the high 25cm in ridge, row spacing M is 30cm, row spacing L is 120m, and flue-cured tobacco line-spacing N is 120cm, and the cigarette strain pool is that 55cm(is referring to Fig. 1 apart from D).
(2) transplant flue-cured tobacco
1. on April 28th, 2011, transplant flue-cured tobacco, before flue-cured tobacco transplanting, 1.8～2.2kg water is watered on every pool, after water permeates completely, pool basal dressing, base manure is mixed by well-rotted farmyard manure, tobacco compound fertilizer special and superphosphate, wherein well-rotted farmyard manure consumption is 1500kg/ mu, the consumption of tobacco compound fertilizer special is 25kg/ mu, and the consumption of superphosphate is 25kg/ mu, N:P in described tobacco compound fertilizer special
2o
5: K
2the mass ratio of O is 15:5:25, in mass fraction, and P in superphosphate
2o
5>=16%;
2. after the basal dressing of the pool, transplant flue-cured tobacco, every pool 0.8～1.2kg that waters, laying plastic, on the mulch film corresponding with cured tobacco seedling position, punch, and with soil, press the mulch film of pool surrounding, and in transplanting latter 25 days, spraying fertilizer 1 time, described topdressing as Agricultural Potassium Nitrate, the consumption of Agricultural Potassium Nitrate is 10kg/ mu, is watered to water to execute N:P in described Agricultural Potassium Nitrate
2o
5: K
2the mass ratio of O is 13.5:0:44.5; Flue-cured tobacco season strictly bans use of chloride chemical fertilizer.
3. after tobacco leaf maturation, start minute 5～6 tobacco leaves of gathering July 25 the same year, in August 25 tobacco leaf picking complete.
(3) zero tillage and interplanting potato planted in autumn on flue-cured tobacco ridge
1. on August 7th, 2011, after flue-cured tobacco lower tobacco leaf and part middle part tobacco leaf picking, before upper tobacco leaf gathers, each 1 row potato of the direct zero tillage and interplanting in the capable both sides of flue-cured tobacco on ridge, potato interplanting line-spacing is divided into big or small line-spacing, wide row space G is 90cm, little line-spacing K is 30cm, and spacing in the rows E is that 25cm(is referring to Fig. 1).
2. after tobacco leaf is gathered in the crops completely, at potato root system, adopt circulating application method around, execute base fertilizer one time, base fertilizer is special compound fertilizer for potato, and consumption is 80g/ mu, N:P in special compound fertilizer for potato
2o
5: K
2the mass ratio of O is 11:8:6; Do not topdress.
3. on November 25th, 2011, disposable results potato planted in autumn.
(2) winter potato planting
1. after potato planted in autumn results, on December 1st, 2011, again whole geographical moisture in the soil, ridging, sowing winter potato, the high 30cm in ridge, row spacing 20cm, row spacing 55cm, the winter line-spacing of potato is 55cm, spacing in the rows is 28cm.
2. after the winter, potato emerged, at winter potato root system, adopt circulating application method around, execute base fertilizer one time, base fertilizer is that well-rotted farmyard manure and special compound fertilizer for potato mix, well-rotted farmyard manure consumption is 2500kg/ mu, special compound fertilizer for potato consumption is 100kg/ mu, N:P in special compound fertilizer for potato
2o
5: K
2the mass ratio of O is 16:9:10; Do not topdress.
3. May 3 (Second Year) in 2012, disposable results winter potato.
(3) plantation paddy rice and no-tillage and direct-seeding broad bean
(1) plantation paddy rice
1. after winter potato harvest, on May 24th, 2012, again level land, the soaked field that discharges water, plantation on May 27th, 2012 paddy rice, paddy rice row is that 25cm, spacing in the rows F are that 13cm(is referring to Fig. 2 apart from A).
2. rice basal fertilizer is comprised of well-rotted farmyard manure and paddy rice compound fertilizer special, before ploughing, executes paddy field well-rotted farmyard manure 1000 kg/ mus, then discharge water and soak paddy field, before rice transplanting, spread fertilizer over the fields paddy rice compound fertilizer dedicated, the compound fertilizer dedicated consumption of paddy rice is 40 kg/ mus, N:P in paddy rice compound fertilizer special
2o
5: K
2the mass ratio of O is 13:5:7, rice plant of tillering stage, impose urea 5kg/ mu, and Rise's boot period, imposes urea 5kg/ mu, in mass fraction, N>=46.4% in urea.
3. October 1 (Second Year) in 2012, disposable results paddy rice.
(2) no-tillage and direct-seeding broad bean
1. after rice harves, October 23 (Second Year) in 2012, no-tillage and direct-seeding broad bean, broad bean plantation adopts big or small line-spacing, wide row space B is 50cm, is that two row paddy rice stubbles are capable between two row broad beans of wide row space, and little line-spacing C is 25cm, between two row broad beans of little line-spacing, be that 1 row paddy rice stubble is capable, Faba Strain is that 15cm(is referring to Fig. 2 apart from S).
2. do not execute any fertilizer.
3. on April 5th, 2013 (the 3rd year), disposable results broad bean.
(4) circulation crop rotation
After broad bean is plucked, on April 23rd, the 3rd year is carried out the circulation crop rotation plantation of flue-cured tobacco-potato planted in autumn-winter potato-paddy rice-broad bean-flue-cured tobacco and no-tillage and direct-seeding, zero tillage and interplanting by step () to step (two) again.On April 23rd, 2013, transplant flue-cured tobacco, the tobacco leaf that starts July 22 the same year minute to gather for 5-6 time, Augusts 26, tobacco leaf picking finished.
More than test shows: pass through the inventive method, soil water dissolubility chloride ion content can effectively be reduced to 44.88mg/kg, than former soil water dissolubility chloride ion content of planting cigarette ground before adopting the inventive method plantation, reduced by 68.88%, soil water dissolubility chloride ion content than contrast has reduced by 69.26%, after employing the inventive method, soil soil water dissolubility chloride ion content is lower than the soil water dissolubility chloride ion content upper limit (45 mg/kg) of high-quality tobacco production requirement, promoted soil nutrient balance, after control treatment, soil water dissolubility chloride ion content is more than 3 times of the soil water dissolubility chloride ion content upper limit of high-quality tobacco production requirement.
The inventive method, make tobacco leaf chloride ion content can effectively be reduced to 4.73g/kg, reach the standard (gold standard 3～6g/kg) that sound tobacco is produced, than former chloride ion content of planting the tobacco leaf of cigarette ground plant development before adopting the inventive method, reduced by 76.05%, the chloride ion content of the tobacco leaf of producing than contrast has reduced by 70.51%, the chloride ion content of contrast tobacco leaf is 2.67 times of the sound tobacco production standard upper limit (6g/kg), the tobacco leaf potassium (K that the inventive method is produced
2o) content and potassium chlorine are than (K
2o/Cl) all than the potassium (K that adopts the tobacco leaf that the former tobacco leaf of planting cigarette and producing and contrast are produced before the inventive method
2o) content and potassium chlorine are than (K
2o/Cl) increase, especially tobacco leaf potassium chlorine ratio is 4.69, reaches the standard (K that sound tobacco is produced
2o/Cl gold standard 4～10), and before employing the inventive method the potassium chlorine of the former tobacco leaf of planting cigarette and producing than being less than 1/3 of gold standard, the potassium chlorine of the tobacco leaf that contrast is produced is than only there being 1/3 of gold standard, the inventive method is than adopting before the inventive method the former tobacco leaf potassium chlorine of planting cigarette and producing than improving 517.10%, than contrast tobacco leaf potassium chlorine than improving 263.57%.Meanwhile, the inventive method, in whole ground, ridging link, can be saved 4 man-hour/mus than prior art, saves 240 yuan of labor costs, has produced unforeseeable technique effect for every mu.
To sum up, the comprehensive of the inventive method, Synergistic, make soil water dissolubility chloride ion content very high (soil water dissolubility chloride ion content 144.23mg/kg), the tobacco leaf chloride ion content that this soil the is produced tobacco planting topsoil chloride ion content of planting crude opium ground that also very high (tobacco leaf chloride ion content 19.75g/kg) badly influenced quality of tobacco reduces significantly, the tobacco leaf chloride ion content of producing is reduced significantly, simultaneously, can improve potassium content of tobacco leaf and potassium chlorine ratio, tobacco leaf chemical composition is coordinated more, quality of tobacco gets a promotion, reach the standard that sound tobacco is produced.With adopt the inventive method before former plant cigarette ground and contrast compare, the inventive method makes the soil water dissolubility chloride ion content of planting cigarette reduce by 68.88%～69.26%, the chloride ion content of tobacco leaf has reduced by 70.51%～76.05%, the potassium (K of tobacco leaf
2o) content and potassium chlorine are than (K
2o/Cl) increase, tobacco leaf potassium chlorine ratio is 4.69, reaches the standard (K that sound tobacco is produced
2o/Cl gold standard 4～10), tobacco leaf potassium chlorine is than improving 517.10%～263.57%, and meanwhile, the inventive method no-tillage and direct-seeding broad bean after the rear ridge body zero tillage and interplanting potato of flue-cured tobacco results and rice harves can be saved 240 yuan/mu, certain labor cost joint.
Claims (1)
1. reduce crop rotation and the no-tillage method of field cigarette growing area tobacco leaf chloride ion content, carry out as follows flue-cured tobacco-potato planted in autumn-winter potato-paddy rice-broad bean-flue-cured tobacco circulation crop rotation plantation and no-tillage and direct-seeding, zero tillage and interplanting:
(1) transplant flue-cured tobacco and ridge body zero tillage and interplanting potato planted in autumn
(1) selection of land and whole ground
At field cigarette growing area, select the cured tobacco leaf chloride ion content >=8g/kg of plantation and the plot of soil water dissolubility chlorinity >=45mg/kg, in First Year, carry out whole ground, reason moisture in the soil, ridging, Da Tang April, the high 25cm in ridge, row spacing M is 30cm, row spacing L is 120m, and flue-cured tobacco line-spacing N is 120cm, and the cigarette strain pool is 55cm apart from D;
(2) transplant flue-cured tobacco
1. at the beginning of mid-April to 5 month, transplant flue-cured tobacco, before flue-cured tobacco transplanting, 1.8～2.2kg water is watered on every pool, after water permeates completely, pool basal dressing, base manure is mixed by well-rotted farmyard manure, tobacco compound fertilizer special and superphosphate, well-rotted farmyard manure consumption is 1500kg/ mu, the consumption of tobacco compound fertilizer special is 25～30 kg/ mus, and the consumption of superphosphate is 25～35kg/ mu, N:P in tobacco compound fertilizer special
2o
5: K
2the mass ratio of O is 15:5:25, in mass fraction, and P in superphosphate
2o
5>=16%;
2. after the basal dressing of the pool, transplant flue-cured tobacco, every pool 0.8～1.2kg that waters, laying plastic, on the mulch film corresponding with cured tobacco seedling position, punch, and with soil, press the mulch film of pool surrounding, and after transplanting 25～30 days, spraying fertilizer 1 time, described topdressing as Agricultural Potassium Nitrate, the consumption of Agricultural Potassium Nitrate is 10～15kg/ mu, is watered to water to execute N:P in described Agricultural Potassium Nitrate
2o
5: K
2the mass ratio of O is 13.5:0:44.5; Flue-cured tobacco season strictly bans use of chloride chemical fertilizer;
3. since mid or late July minute 5～6 tobacco leaves of gathering, at the beginning of late August to 9 month, gather complete;
(3) zero tillage and interplanting potato planted in autumn on flue-cured tobacco ridge
1. mid or late July is to early August, after flue-cured tobacco lower tobacco leaf and part middle part tobacco leaf picking, before upper tobacco leaf gathers, each 1 row potato planted in autumn of the direct zero tillage and interplanting in the capable both sides of flue-cured tobacco on ridge, potato planted in autumn line-spacing is divided into big or small line-spacing, wide row space G is 90cm, little line-spacing K is 30cm, and spacing in the rows E is 25cm;
2. after tobacco leaf is all gathered in the crops, at potato planted in autumn root system, adopt circulating application method around, execute base fertilizer one time, base fertilizer is special compound fertilizer for potato, and consumption is 80～100kg/ mu, N:P in special compound fertilizer for potato
2o
5: K
2the mass ratio of O is 11:8:6; Do not topdress;
3. in late November to early and middle ten days in December, disposable results potato planted in autumn;
(2) winter potato planting
1. after potato planted in autumn results, in late December to Second Year early January, again whole geographical moisture in the soil, ridging, sowing winter potato, the high 30～40cm in ridge, row spacing 20～30cm, row spacing is 55～60cm, the winter line-spacing of potato is 55～60cm, spacing in the rows is 28～30cm;
2. after the winter, potato emerged, at winter potato root system, adopt circulating application method around, execute base fertilizer one time, base fertilizer is that well-rotted farmyard manure and special compound fertilizer for potato mix, well-rotted farmyard manure consumption is 2500～3000kg/ mu, special compound fertilizer for potato consumption is 100～140kg/ mu, N:P in special compound fertilizer for potato
2o
5: K
2the mass ratio of O is 16:9:10; Do not topdress;
3. at the beginning of Second Year mid or late April to 5 month, disposable results winter potato;
(3) plantation paddy rice and no-tillage and direct-seeding broad bean
(1) plantation paddy rice
1. after winter potato harvest, again level land, in mid or late May plantation paddy rice, paddy rice row is that 25cm, spacing in the rows F are 13cm apart from A;
2. rice basal fertilizer is comprised of well-rotted farmyard manure and paddy rice compound fertilizer special, and well-rotted farmyard manure consumption is 1000 kg/ mus, and paddy rice compound fertilizer special consumption is 40～80 kg/ mus, N:P in described paddy rice compound fertilizer special
2o
5: K
2the mass ratio of O is 13:5:7, and the fertilization mode of rice basal fertilizer is: before paddy field is ploughed, execute well-rotted farmyard manure, then discharge water and soak paddy field, spread fertilizer over the fields paddy rice compound fertilizer special before rice transplanting; Rice plant of tillering stage,, impose urea 5～10kg/ mu, and Rise's boot period imposes urea 5～10kg/ mu, in mass fraction, and N>=46.4% in described urea;
3. Second Year mid or late September is to early October, disposable results paddy rice;
(2) no-tillage and direct-seeding broad bean
1. after rice harves, Second Year mid or late October, no-tillage and direct-seeding broad bean, broad bean plantation adopts big or small line-spacing, and wide row space B is 50cm, is that two row paddy rice stubbles are capable between two row broad beans of wide row space, little line-spacing C is 25cm, is that 1 row paddy rice stubble is capable between two row broad beans of little line-spacing, and Faba Strain is 15cm apart from S;
2. do not execute any fertilizer;
3. to April, repeatedly pluck and eat broad bean or disposable harvesting broad bean raw in March, the 3rd;
(4) circulation crop rotation
In March, the 3rd is to April, after broad bean is plucked, to starting again to carry out the circulation crop rotation plantation of flue-cured tobacco-potato planted in autumn-winter potato-paddy rice-broad bean-flue-cured tobacco and no-tillage and direct-seeding, zero tillage and interplanting by step () to step (two) at the beginning of mid-April to 5 month.
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| CN108243876A (en) * | 2018-01-04 | 2018-07-06 | 中国烟草总公司广东省公司 | A kind of method that rice replaces plantation with tobacco |
| CN108901733A (en) * | 2018-07-16 | 2018-11-30 | 四川省农业科学院作物研究所 | A kind of semen viciae fabae set corn high-yield cultivation method |
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| CN114431099A (en) * | 2021-12-13 | 2022-05-06 | 山东潍坊烟草有限公司 | Application of tobacco and halophyte crop rotation in controlling chloride ion content of tobacco planted in saline-alkali soil |
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| CN115443871A (en) * | 2022-10-09 | 2022-12-09 | 红塔烟草(集团)有限责任公司 | Method for reducing content of chloride ions in field tobacco leaves |
| CN115885650A (en) * | 2022-11-09 | 2023-04-04 | 红塔烟草(集团)有限责任公司 | Fertilizing method for improving potassium content of middle-upper tobacco leaves of Yuxi flue-cured tobacco |
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