CN104521529A - Flue-cured tobacco composite covering culture method - Google Patents
Flue-cured tobacco composite covering culture method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104521529A CN104521529A CN201510008490.4A CN201510008490A CN104521529A CN 104521529 A CN104521529 A CN 104521529A CN 201510008490 A CN201510008490 A CN 201510008490A CN 104521529 A CN104521529 A CN 104521529A
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- Prior art keywords
- flue
- tobacco
- ridge
- cured tobacco
- mulching
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0256—Ground coverings
- A01G13/0268—Mats or sheets, e.g. nets or fabrics
- A01G13/0275—Films
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
Abstract
The invention discloses a flue-cured tobacco composite covering culture method. The method includes the following steps that (1) base fertilizer is applied before a tobacco field is ridged; (2) the tobacco field is prepared and ridged at proper time, the tops of ridges are slightly flat, the height of each ridge body ranges from 20 cm to 25 cm, the width of each ridge face ranges from 160 cm to 180 cm, and the width of each furrow ranges from 30 cm to 40 cm; (3) two rows of cellar type transplanting holes are formed in each ridge top, the line distance between every two rows of the cellar type transplanting holes ranges from 100 cm to 120 cm, and the distance between every two adjacent holes ranges from 50 cm to 60 cm; (4) flue-cured tobacco is transplanted in a cellar mode; (5) in the flue-cured tobacco transplanting process, crawling vine seeds are sown to the middle region of the two rows of tobacco on each ridge face or cuttage is carried out on crawling vine seedlings in a staggered mode; (6) each whole ridge body is covered with a micropore degradation film. The composite covering effect that the micropore degradation film covering the tobacco in the earlier stage and crawling vines covering the tobacco in the later stage are combined is adopted in the flue-cured tobacco growth process, the effects of drought resistance, heat preservation and soil improvement can be achieved, and income of tobacco growers can be increased.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of flue-cured tobacco compound mulching and planting method, belong to tobacco planting technical field.
Background technology
Soil water regime is one of key factor affecting tobacco growth.In earlier stage, the exposed large percentage in vega earth's surface, if run into, rainfall is on the low side and illumination is comparatively strong, and interim arid can occur often for tobacco growth.Roasting the middle and late growth stage, cigarette strain growth accelerates, and transpiration strengthens, and water loss is serious, easily hardens cigarette and produces the dry season.Temperature is also the another one importance affecting tobacco growth, and early stage runs into low temperature, later stage high temperature, all can affect tobacco leaf and grow.
In cured tobacco production, normal mulch film or the improving straw mulching of using solves the problems referred to above, although plastic mulching or improving straw mulching can alleviate these problems to a certain extent, but covering with plastic film for many years, can cause again land fertility to decline, and the problem such as white pollution is heavier.According to incompletely statistics, up to the present, China's coating mulching film of tobacco covering area has accounted for always plants about 70% of cigarette area, has become tobacco cultivation important technique measure.2014, Guizhou Flue-cured Tobacco plastic mulching area accounts for always planted about 90% of cigarette area.We are while making full use of and play plastic mulching advantage, and incorrect assessment mulch film uses the aforementioned negative effect brought.
Present inventor covers according to micropore degradative membrane in early stage and the later stage crawls the compound coverage effect of overgrowing property vegetal cover, by verifying for many years and improving, show that a kind of cladding material of being degraded by micropore covers with biology the flue-cured tobacco compound mulching and planting method combined, effectively overcome above-mentioned problem.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention: provide a kind of flue-cured tobacco compound mulching and planting method, covers by micropore degradative membrane combine with biology, tobacco growth in earlier stage micropore degradative membrane can play and heat, preserve soil moisture and the effect of environmental protection; The tobacco growth middle and later periods crawl overgrowing property plant can play alleviate the dry season, culture fertility effect.Adopt micropore degradative membrane and well formula of storing to transplant the method combined, well cellar for storing things formula is transplanted and can be played the effect making up micropore degradative membrane heat and moisture preserving effect, to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art simultaneously.
Technical scheme of the present invention:
A kind of flue-cured tobacco compound mulching and planting method, comprises the following steps:
(1), cigarette ground ridging preceding article basal dressing;
(2), cigarette ground in good time whole ground ridging, top, ridge is slightly put down, ridge height 20-25cm, ridge face width degree 160-180 cm, furrow width 30-40 cm;
(3), on top, ridge, offer two formulas transplanting holes, row's well cellar for storing things, two row's well cellar for storing things formulas transplant hole rows apart from 100-120 cm, pitch-row 50-60cm;
(4), well cellar for storing things formula transplant flue-cured tobacco, cigarette strain transplant position be in directly over row replacement base manure;
(5), transplant flue-cured tobacco simultaneously, to crawl overgrowing property plant seedlings in crawl overgrowing property plant seed or dislocation cuttage of face, ridge duplicate rows cigarette zone line sowing;
(6), on the body of whole piece ridge, micropore degradative membrane is covered.
Described the overgrowing property plant that crawls is sweet potato, clover or pulse family class etc.
Described micropore degradative membrane is biological degradation nonwoven cloth, and its degradation time is 30-60 days.
Described micropore degradative membrane adopts Coloured film, white films or organic film, and its degradation time is 30-60 days.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
The present invention transplants on basis by cellar for storing things formula of going into the well at level ridges duplicate rows cigarette and flue-cured tobacco film, early stage micropore degradative membrane is utilized to cover and the later stage crawls the compound coverage effect that overgrowing property vegetal cover combines, in the process of tobacco growth, the effect of drought resisting, insulation and improvement soil can be played.Can play at tobacco growth micropore degradative membrane in early stage and heat, preserve soil moisture and the effect of environmental protection, the tobacco growth middle and later periods the overgrowing property plant that crawls have obvious mitigation to the dry season.According to inventor's monitoring, when maximum temperature, overgrowing property of crawling plant can reduce soil temperature 14.14%(4.5 DEG C), volumetric soil water content 17.12% can be improved simultaneously.In addition according to inventor's measuring and calculating, after adopting compound mulching and planting method of the present invention, tobacco grower can be increased and take in 2000 yuan/667m
2above; Compound is coated with and is beneficial to controlling weeds simultaneously, reduces recruitment 2/667m
2.And in the middle part of the flue-cured tobacco after compound covers and the flue-cured tobacco of the relatively conventional plastic mulching of top junior tobacco leaf chemical composition have clear improvement, the flue-cured tobacco of the relatively conventional plastic mulching of judging parameter of top junior tobacco leaf is also more excellent, outstanding.
Micropore degradative membrane is adopted in the present invention, it possesses certain heat and moisture preserving effect and air-and water-permeable function, is equivalent to make flue-cured tobacco in process of growth, under root system is in half mulching state, combine the feature of arid moisturizing, waterlogging caused by excessive rain draining, the effect promoting tobacco growth can be played.Micropore degradative membrane, after certain useful life, can be degraded, have positive role to protection of the environment under natural environment, has stopped " white pollution " that plastic mulching brings.And the overgrowing property plant that crawls within degraded period just grows and comes, form vegetative coverage, effectively can play the effect of drought resisting and culture fertility, improve the yield of tobacco output value, improve quality of tobacco.Overgrowing property of crawling Plant choosing sweet potato, clover or pulse family class etc., such plant leaf is in great numbers, therefore can form the space relatively covered bottom flue-cured tobacco, make the unlikely rapid evaporation of the moisture in tobacco-growing soil, have good soil moisture conservation, drought resistance function.The present invention simultaneously adopts micropore degradative membrane and well formula of storing to transplant the method combined, and well cellar for storing things formula is transplanted and can be played the effect making up micropore degradative membrane heat and moisture preserving effect, can be tobacco growth and builds good environment.
embodiment:
Embodiment 1:
Flue-cured tobacco compound mulching and planting method of the present invention comprises the following steps:
(1) fertilising requires: ridging preceding article basal dressing
By the requirement of transplanting line-spacing, before ridging, carry out row replacement base manure, fertilizing amount, with conventional fertilizer application amount, also can reduce as one sees fit.
(2) ridge pattern formula: duplicate rows level ridges
In good time whole ground, cigarette ground ridging, top, ridge is slightly flat, ridge height 20-25 cm, ridge face width degree 160-180 cm, furrow width 30-40 cm.
(3) transplanting method: go into the well cellar for storing things formula of film is transplanted
To go into the well cellar for storing things formula transplantation technique with conventional film, cigarette strain is transplanted position and is in directly over row application.
(4) cropping system: cigarette sweet potato intercropping
While transplanting cigarette seedling, at face, ridge duplicate rows cigarette zone line, adopt between dislocation cultivation and plant sweet potato, sweet potato transplants position apart from 15cm place, Long Ti center, and two strain sweet potato linear interval distances are 30cm, and density is consistent substantially with cigarette strain density.
(5) cladding material: micropore degradative membrane, adopt biological degradation nonwoven cloth, also can adopt Coloured film, white films or organic film, its degradation time is 30-60 days.After having planted cigarette seedling and sweet potato, adopt micropore degradative membrane to cover.
(6) rupture of membranes draws the seedling time: when cigarette seedling leaf teleblem, timely rupture of membranes draws out cigarette seedling, and rupture of membranes time more conventional mulch film film is gone into the well to store and transplanted postponement about 5 days.
Other link of the present invention is consistent with conventional transplanting method, above link is together to form flue-cured tobacco compound soverlay technique, it is emphasized that: transplant under adopting film, the selection of healthy and strong cigarette seedling during transplanting, using of rich water and agricultural chemicals must be stored formula transplantation technique in strict accordance with well and required to carry out, do not need manually to take off film, film can natural decomposition.
Embodiment 2:
By flue-cured tobacco compound mulching and planting method plantation flue-cured tobacco in embodiment 1, while transplanting cigarette seedling, between the duplicate rows cigarette zone line of face, ridge, plant clover, all the other are identical.
Embodiment 3:
By flue-cured tobacco compound mulching and planting method plantation flue-cured tobacco in embodiment 1, while transplanting cigarette seedling, between the duplicate rows cigarette zone line of face, ridge, plant short ground beans, all the other are identical.
Results and analysis: table 1 to table 4 is compound coverage mode and the Data Comparison of conventional mulch film coverage mode in soil temperature and humidity, yield and output value, Chemical Compositions of Flue-cured Tobacco and judging parameter etc. in embodiment 1,2,3.
As can be seen from Table 1, sweet potato covers has obvious mitigation to the dry season in flue-cured tobacco later stage, and in monitoring period of time, when maximum temperature, sweet potato covers can reduce soil temperature 14.15%(4.5 DEG C), volumetric soil water content 17.12% can be improved simultaneously.
From table 2, the yield of flue-cured tobacco output value of three kinds of compound coverage modes is all higher than conventional (single ridge single file) plastic film mulching cultivation.The yield and output value of planting sweet potato process between one ridge duplicate rows non-woven fabrics is the highest, and compared with conventional (single ridge single file) plastic film mulching cultivation, the yield of flue-cured tobacco output value exceeds 14.88kg/667m respectively
2with 146.50 yuan/667m
2, add sweet potato output 1859.0 yuan/667m
2, comprehensive output is 4720.44 yuan/667m
2, increase tobacco grower and take in 2005.50 yuan/667m
2.
Table 3 draws, the middle part junior tobacco leaf chemical composition of three kinds of compound coverage modes is all better than routinely (single ridge single file) film mulching and planting.The chemical composition harmony of planting sweet potato tobacco leaf between one ridge duplicate rows non-woven fabrics is best, compared with conventional (single ridge single file) plastic film mulching cultivation, nicotine and total nitrogen reduce by 0.54 and 0.98 percentage point respectively, total reducing sugar and reducing sugar nitrogen increase by 3.97 and 3.16 percentage points respectively, potassium content is suitable, and chlorinity reduces.From upper tobacco leaf, conventional (single ridge single file) plastic film mulching cultivation tobacco leaf nicotine, total nitrogen and potassium content is the highest, and carbohydrate thing content is minimum, and chemical quality is poor; Plant clover and sweet potato process tobacco leaf between one ridge duplicate rows non-woven fabrics, except potassium content is lower than conventional (single ridge single file) plastic film mulching cultivation, nicotine, total nitrogen, total reducing sugar and content of reducing sugar are all better than routine (single ridge single file) plastic film mulching cultivation, and chemical quality is better.
As can be seen from Table 4, the judging parameter of Cover treatment mode to middle part junior tobacco leaf has no significant effect.The top junior tobacco leaf judging parameter of three kinds of compound coverage modes is all better than routinely (single ridge single file) film mulching and planting, plant between a ridge duplicate rows non-woven fabrics to plant between sweet potato and a ridge duplicate rows non-woven fabrics that short ground beans cover tobacco leaf smoke panel test total score respectively higher than conventional (single ridge single file) plastic film mulching cultivation 3.2 and 1.5 points.
Claims (4)
1. a flue-cured tobacco compound mulching and planting method, is characterized in that following steps:
(1), cigarette ground ridging preceding article basal dressing;
(2), cigarette ground in good time whole ground ridging, top, ridge is slightly put down, ridge height 20-25cm, ridge face width degree 160-180 cm, furrow width 30-40 cm;
(3), on top, ridge, offer two formulas transplanting holes, row's well cellar for storing things, two row's well cellar for storing things formulas transplant hole rows apart from 100-120 cm, pitch-row 50-60cm;
(4), well cellar for storing things formula transplant flue-cured tobacco, cigarette strain transplant position be in directly over row replacement base manure;
(5), transplant while flue-cured tobacco, to crawl overgrowing property plant seedlings in crawl overgrowing property plant seed or dislocation cuttage of face, ridge duplicate rows cigarette zone line sowing;
(6), on the body of whole piece ridge, micropore degradative membrane is covered.
2. flue-cured tobacco compound mulching and planting method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described in the overgrowing property plant that crawls be sweet potato, clover or pulse family class etc.
3. flue-cured tobacco compound mulching and planting method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described micropore degradative membrane is biological degradation nonwoven cloth, its degradation time is 30-60 days.
4. the flue-cured tobacco compound mulching and planting method according to claim 1 or 3, is characterized in that: described micropore degradative membrane adopts Coloured film, white films or organic film, and its degradation time is 30-60 days.
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| CN201510008490.4A CN104521529A (en) | 2015-01-08 | 2015-01-08 | Flue-cured tobacco composite covering culture method |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104956891A (en) * | 2015-06-30 | 2015-10-07 | 湖北省烟草公司恩施州公司 | Under-film well cellar type seedling transplant method of cured tobacco |
| CN106856930A (en) * | 2017-02-24 | 2017-06-20 | 贵州省烟草科学研究院 | A kind of flue-cured tobacco Soybean Intercropping efficient cultivation method |
| CN105557401B (en) * | 2015-12-25 | 2019-01-01 | 湖南省核农学与航天育种研究所 | A method of with inhibiting fruit tree weed growth |
| CN109588251A (en) * | 2019-01-22 | 2019-04-09 | 云南省烟草农业科学研究院 | One kind cools cigarette district Hairy vetch relay interplanting planting and cropland application method |
| CN111955303A (en) * | 2020-08-31 | 2020-11-20 | 云南省农业科学院农业环境资源研究所 | Flue-cured tobacco and sweet pea interplanting method |
| CN115997633A (en) * | 2023-02-28 | 2023-04-25 | 贵州省烟草公司遵义市公司汇川分公司 | Method for interplanting flue-cured tobacco and radix bupleuri |
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Cited By (7)
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| CN104956891A (en) * | 2015-06-30 | 2015-10-07 | 湖北省烟草公司恩施州公司 | Under-film well cellar type seedling transplant method of cured tobacco |
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| CN105557401B (en) * | 2015-12-25 | 2019-01-01 | 湖南省核农学与航天育种研究所 | A method of with inhibiting fruit tree weed growth |
| CN106856930A (en) * | 2017-02-24 | 2017-06-20 | 贵州省烟草科学研究院 | A kind of flue-cured tobacco Soybean Intercropping efficient cultivation method |
| CN109588251A (en) * | 2019-01-22 | 2019-04-09 | 云南省烟草农业科学研究院 | One kind cools cigarette district Hairy vetch relay interplanting planting and cropland application method |
| CN111955303A (en) * | 2020-08-31 | 2020-11-20 | 云南省农业科学院农业环境资源研究所 | Flue-cured tobacco and sweet pea interplanting method |
| CN115997633A (en) * | 2023-02-28 | 2023-04-25 | 贵州省烟草公司遵义市公司汇川分公司 | Method for interplanting flue-cured tobacco and radix bupleuri |
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