CN115885650A - Fertilizing method for improving potassium content of middle-upper tobacco leaves of Yuxi flue-cured tobacco - Google Patents
Fertilizing method for improving potassium content of middle-upper tobacco leaves of Yuxi flue-cured tobacco Download PDFInfo
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- 235000002637 Nicotiana tabacum Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 179
- 241000208125 Nicotiana Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 166
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 116
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 116
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 114
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Substances N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004323 potassium nitrate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- MMDJDBSEMBIJBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[NH6+3] Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[NH6+3] MMDJDBSEMBIJBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 25
- NMLQNVRHVSWEGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Cl].[K] Chemical compound [Cl].[K] NMLQNVRHVSWEGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229960003975 potassium Drugs 0.000 description 92
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 36
- 244000061176 Nicotiana tabacum Species 0.000 description 13
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 7
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 7
- 229940072033 potash Drugs 0.000 description 7
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 7
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 235000019505 tobacco product Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- SNICXCGAKADSCV-JTQLQIEISA-N (-)-Nicotine Chemical compound CN1CCC[C@H]1C1=CC=CN=C1 SNICXCGAKADSCV-JTQLQIEISA-N 0.000 description 3
- DHKHZGZAXCWQTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N].[K] Chemical compound [N].[K] DHKHZGZAXCWQTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- SNICXCGAKADSCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N nicotine Natural products CN1CCCC1C1=CC=CN=C1 SNICXCGAKADSCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229960002715 nicotine Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009818 secondary granulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002054 transplantation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 208000019025 Hypokalemia Diseases 0.000 description 2
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004060 metabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 208000007645 potassium deficiency Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000035240 Disease Resistance Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- WZLMXYBCAZZIRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N].[P].[K] Chemical compound [N].[P].[K] WZLMXYBCAZZIRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012271 agricultural production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930013930 alkaloid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000003797 alkaloid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 chlorine ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000019504 cigarettes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005048 flame photometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003205 fragrance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001475 halogen functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001338 necrotic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000021048 nutrient requirements Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003204 osmotic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000029553 photosynthesis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010672 photosynthesis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960002816 potassium chloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000029058 respiratory gaseous exchange Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007619 statistical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
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Abstract
The invention relates to a fertilizing method for improving potassium content of tobacco leaves on the middle upper part of Yuxi flue-cured tobacco, wherein large particles are adopted as base fertilizer, the potassium application amount is determined according to the soil chloride ion content, and the last top dressing is applied 10 days later than the conventional top dressing time. Wherein (1) the field with soil chloride ion content less than 40mg/kg is subjected to potassium application according to local recommended potassium application amount, (2) the field with soil chloride ion content of 40-80 mg/kg is subjected to potassium application amount increased by 15% on the basis of the local recommended potassium application amount, and (3) the field with soil chloride ion content of 80.1-90 mg/kg is subjected to potassium application amount increased by 20% on the basis of the local recommended potassium application amount. The method can increase the potassium content and the potassium-chlorine ratio of the tobacco leaves, and the chemical components of the tobacco leaves are more coordinated, so that the quality of the tobacco leaves is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural production and planting, and particularly relates to a fertilizing method for improving the potassium content of upper tobacco leaves in Yuxi flue-cured tobacco.
Background
Potassium has important effects and influences on the growth, development, yield and quality of tobacco and the safety of cigarette products, so that the potassium content in tobacco leaves is often used as one of indexes for evaluating the quality of tobacco. Leymonie and Etourneaud noted: the lowest potassium content of the high-quality tobacco leaves is 2 percent. It is reported that the potassium content of tobacco leaves in the United states, zimbabwe and other countries is 4-6% in most cases, the potassium content of Brazil is 3-4%, and the average potassium content of tobacco leaves in China is less than 2%. Compared with foreign countries, the potassium content of tobacco leaves in China is low, which becomes one of the barrier factors for limiting the further improvement of the tobacco leaf quality in China. From the whole country, the suitable value rate of the potassium content of the flue-cured tobacco is 40.56%, and in the southern tobacco region, the suitable value rate of the potassium content of the flue-cured tobacco in the Yunnan tobacco region is one of lower provinces (lower than the national average value).
The tobacco is a potassium-loving crop, absorbs more potassium elements than any other elements, the potassium is an activating agent of various enzymes and participates in various life processes of photosynthesis, respiration, nitrogen metabolism and the like of plants, and sufficient potassium supply can ensure the normal metabolism of tobacco plants and is beneficial to the robust growth of the plants. Potassium is a main osmotic adjusting substance in cells and is involved in adjusting the opening and closing of guard cells, and the potassium can enhance the disease resistance and drought resistance of tobacco plants. The tobacco leaves with high potassium content are dark orange in color, sufficient in fragrance, good in taste, rich in elasticity and toughness, strong in filling property, and good in smoldering firepower and combustibility. The tobacco leaves are deficient in potassium, yellow-green halos are formed at the leaf tips and the edges, and become red copper or brown necrotic spots when serious, and finally central tissues fall off; pointing and curling edges, and uneven leaf surfaces; the growth is slow, the mechanical tissue is not developed, and the color is dark brown; the tobacco leaves after baking have rough tissue. Lack of oil, poor flexibility and combustibility.
The effective way of improving the potassium content of the tobacco leaves is to increase the potassium fertilizer and improve the effectiveness of potassium in the soil. At present, most of tobacco potash fertilizers in China are mainly applied as base fertilizers, potassium is easily fixed by soil, and the fixation rate is increased along with the increase of the potassium application amount; in addition, the existing research shows that the potassium absorption rate of the flue-cured tobacco in the early growth period is low, and the maximum absorption peak is formed 50 days after the flue-cured tobacco is transplanted; therefore, the potassium fertilizer is not matched with the potassium needed by the tobacco leaves in time, and although more potassium fertilizer is applied during base fertilizer, potassium deficiency can occur at the later growth stage of the tobacco plants, especially rhizosphere potassium deficiency. Therefore, the base dressing ratio of the potash fertilizer needs to be adjusted and the potash fertilizer needs to be dressed in time. Research of Guo Chunyan shows that 30d, 45d and 60d after transplantation are respectively according to the proportion of 1:1:1, the potassium content of the tobacco leaves at the upper, middle and lower parts can be respectively improved by 0.1 percent, 0.17 percent and 0.13 percent compared with the conventional fertilization control.
The yuxi is in the Yunnan middle area, the three-dimensional climate characteristic is very obvious, the yuxi is not only a mountain flat dam in spring in four seasons, but also a valley land called a natural greenhouse, and the yuxi is one of the most suitable areas for flue-cured tobacco production in China. Yuxi flue-cured tobacco has a long planting history, and the quality of tobacco leaves has high reputation at home and abroad, so that Yuxi flue-cured tobacco is a famous Yunyan. In the national tobacco evaluation in 1953, yuxi tobacco leaves catch the crown in 108 minutes, and a new milestone is erected for the development of Yuxi flue-cured tobacco production. Yuxi tobacco zone is the important production zone of high-quality flue-cured tobacco in Yunnan and even nationwide, so that the quality and safety of tobacco leaves are improved, and the Yuxi tobacco zone has important significance for promoting the continuous and healthy development of the production of the Yunnan tobacco leaves. At present, the Yuxi tobacco area is the same as other production areas, the excessive fertilization exists in non-tobacco seasons, the formula of the special fertilizer for flue-cured tobacco is old and single, the quality of soil is degraded due to long-term excessive fertilizer and unscientific use, the nutrient is unbalanced, and the yield and the quality of the flue-cured tobacco in the local area are seriously affected. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the potassium fertilizer application method and improve the utilization rate of the potassium fertilizer by aiming at the soil conditions of Yuxi tobacco areas and combining the nutrient requirement characteristics of local tobacco main cultivars.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the problems in the background art, the invention provides a fertilizing method for improving the potassium content in the upper tobacco leaves in Yuxi flue-cured tobacco.
In order to realize the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a fertilizing method for improving the potassium content of the upper middle tobacco leaf of Yuxi flue-cured tobacco adopts large-particle base fertilizer, and the potassium application amount is determined according to the soil chloride ion content.
Furthermore, the special tobacco compound fertilizer containing nitrate nitrogen is used according to the local convention in the formula of the base fertilizer, but the diameter of fertilizer particles is increased to 8-10mm.
Further, conventional low-nitrogen high-potassium fertilizer or potassium nitrate or potassium sulfate for tobacco is adopted, the top dressing is applied for three times, and the top dressing is applied 10 days later than the conventional top dressing time for the last time.
Furthermore, the soil chlorine ion content is less than 40mg/kg, and the potassium application amount in the whole growth period is according to the local recommended potassium application amount.
Furthermore, the potassium application amount of the field with the soil chloride ion content of 40-80 mg/kg is increased by 15 percent on the basis of the local recommended potassium application amount in the whole growth period.
Furthermore, the potassium application amount of the field with the soil chloride ion content of 80.1-90 mg/kg is increased by 20 percent on the basis of the local recommended potassium application amount in the whole growth period.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the method directly reduces the contact of the potash fertilizer and soil particles by increasing the directness of base fertilizer particles and a secondary granulation process of fertilizer-coated fertilizer, thereby greatly slowing down the fixation of potash by soil; meanwhile, the top dressing time is delayed, the application proportion of the last potash fertilizer is improved, and the characteristics that the potassium absorption rate is low in the early growth period of the flue-cured tobacco and the maximum absorption peak is formed 50 days after transplanting are met, so that the bioavailability of potassium supply is greatly improved, and the potassium supply time is prolonged.
In the application process of the tobacco leaf main production area of Jiangxian and Emhan in Yuxi, the invention not only can enhance the growth vigor of msK326 tobacco plants and improve the yield and the production value of flue-cured tobacco and the first-class tobacco proportion, but also can ensure that the main chemical component content of the tobacco leaves is more appropriate, the proportion among the components is more coordinated, the tobacco leaf main production area is excellent in tobacco planting, and the tobacco leaf main production area has the prospect of further large-area demonstration and popularization.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below to facilitate understanding of the skilled person.
Examples
1 materials and methods
1.1 Test materials
The tobacco variety to be tested is msK326, standardized floating seedling culture is adopted, and 5-leaf 1-heart sound-strengthening seedlings are taken and transplanted. The test points are all arranged in a single test field block and are managed independently.
Fertilizer test: special compound fertilizer for tobacco (N is more than or equal to 12 percent, P 2 O 5 ≥6%，K 2 O is more than or equal to 24 percent), special nitrogen-potassium fertilizer for tobacco (N is more than or equal to 28 percent, K 2 O is more than or equal to 5 percent), potassium sulfate (K) for agriculture 2 O is more than or equal to 50.0 percent, potassium nitrate (N is more than or equal to 13.5 percent, K) 2 O.gtoreq.43.5%), these four fertilizers being provided by local tobacco companies. Large-particle special compound fertilizer for tobacco (N is more than or equal to 12 percent, P) 2 O 5 ≥6%，K 2 O is more than or equal to 24 percent) as a subject group entrusts related enterprises to trial productionThe product is prepared by adopting a secondary granulation process of fertilizer-coated fertilizer, and the particle diameter of the fertilizer is 8-10mm.
1.2 items and methods of measurement
(1) Physical and chemical properties of tobacco leaves
And (3) taking a cell as a unit, listing the positioned tobacco plants according to leaf positions, collecting according to the leaf positions after the tobacco plants are mature, and measuring the main chemical components of the tobacco plants according to the national tobacco standard after the tobacco plants are baked. The conventional chemical component analysis is carried out according to tobacco industry standards such as YC/T159-2002 continuous flow method for measuring water-soluble sugar in tobacco and tobacco products, YC/T173-2003 flame photometry for measuring potassium in tobacco and tobacco products, YC/T160-2002 continuous flow method for measuring total plant alkaloid in tobacco and tobacco products, YC/T161-2002 continuous flow method for measuring total nitrogen in tobacco and tobacco products, YC/T162-2002 continuous flow method for measuring chlorine in tobacco and tobacco products, and the like.
(2) Economic character
Collecting all tobacco plants in the residential quarter by stages according to the maturity requirement, collecting rods in the residential quarter in the current day, putting the rods into a curing barn, and curing according to a three-stage process. Classifying the cured tobacco leaves according to GB 2635-1992 flue-cured tobacco, counting the weight of the tobacco leaves of different grades in each cell, and calculating the yield, the output value and the proportion of the different grades of the tobacco leaves according to the purchase price of the tobacco leaves of the Yuxi city in the current year.
(3) Data processing
The data related to the test are subjected to statistical analysis by using Excel 2013 and SPSS 21.0 statistical software.
2. Place of execution
The test was conducted in 2017 in the frontier town of Jiangxuan district of Yuxi city, yunnan province and the Fuxie village of Yangshan county, representing two types of the tobacco district in the dam and the tobacco district in the mountain area, respectively. The results of the chloride ion measurements at the test points are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 soil chloride ion concentration for different examples
3. Experimental treatment
Examples 1 to 5 allThree treatments are set: the potassium content is increased by 15 percent (by K) through the treatment of the macrokalium 2 O) and 30 percent of potassium increase (calculated by K) 2 O meter); example 6 three treatments were set up: conventional potassium treatment, potassium increase 20% (by K) 2 O) and potassium addition of 40% (in terms of K) 2 And O is calculated). The added potash fertilizer is applied in the form of potassium sulfate. The nitrogen phosphorus potassium nutrient input ratio is shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 nutrient input for each treatment in the different examples
Wherein the macrokalium is treated, and the base fertilizer adopts special compound fertilizer for tobacco (N is more than or equal to 12 percent, P 2 O 5 ≥6%，K 2 O is more than or equal to 24 percent), and special nitrogen-potassium fertilizer (N is more than or equal to 28 percent and K) for tobacco is adopted as additional fertilizer 2 O is more than or equal to 5 percent) and potassium sulfate (K) for agriculture 2 O is more than or equal to 50.0 percent, potassium nitrate (N is more than or equal to 13.5, K) 2 O is more than or equal to 43.5), and the top dressing is applied for three times, and the time of potassium application for the last time is 35 days after transplantation.
The potassium is increased, and the base fertilizer adopts a large-particle special compound fertilizer for tobacco (N is more than or equal to 12 percent, P) 2 O 5 ≥6%，K 2 O is more than or equal to 24 percent, the secondary granulation process of fertilizer-coated fertilizer is adopted, the diameter of fertilizer particles is 8-10mm, and the special nitrogen-potassium fertilizer for tobacco is adopted as the additional fertilizer (N is more than or equal to 28 percent, K) 2 O is more than or equal to 5 percent), potassium sulfate (K) for agriculture 2 O is more than or equal to 50.0 percent, potassium nitrate (N is more than or equal to 13.5, K) 2 O is more than or equal to 43.5), and the top dressing is applied for three times, and the time of potassium application for the last time is 45 days after transplantation.
4. Results of the experiment
4.1 example 1
(1) Physical and chemical properties of tobacco leaves
Taking a cell as a unit, the tobacco leaves in the mature period of a fixed plant are listed according to leaf positions, and after being baked, the tobacco leaves are sampled to determine the main chemical components. The chemical quality of the tobacco leaves after each treatment is shown in the table 3, and it can be seen from the table that 15% of potassium increase can reduce the chlorine content of the upper tobacco leaves and the nicotine content of the middle upper tobacco leaves, and the reduction rate is 22.22% and 2.19% -9.65%; the potassium content of the middle tobacco leaves can be promoted by adding 30% of potassium, and the nicotine content and the chlorine content of the middle and upper tobacco leaves can be reduced.
TABLE 3 chemical quality of tobacco leaves treated
(2) Economic character
The yield and value data for each treatment of the trial are shown in table 4. The potassium increasing treatment of 15 percent can improve the yield of the flue-cured tobacco and the proportion of the middle and upper grade tobacco, and compared with a control, the yield is increased by 5.66 percent, and the proportion of the middle and upper grade tobacco is increased by 12.08 percent. But the overall yield did not increase. Therefore, in the field with the chloride ion concentration less than 30mg/kg, the local recommended potassium application amount is only needed, and the significance of potassium increase is not great.
TABLE 4 economic Properties of each treatment
4.2 example 2
Taking a cell as a unit, listing the tobacco leaves of the fixed plant in the mature period according to leaf positions, roasting, sampling, and measuring the main chemical components of the tobacco leaves. The chemical quality of the tobacco leaves after each treatment is shown in Table 5, and the quality indexes of the tobacco leaves after the potassium increasing treatment are not greatly different from those of the tobacco leaves after the constant potassium treatment. Therefore, in the field with the chloride ion concentration of 30-40mg/kg, the locally recommended potassium application amount is only needed, and the significance of potassium increase is small.
TABLE 5 physicochemical Properties of tobacco leaves treated differently
4.3 Example 3
(1) Physical and chemical properties of tobacco leaves
Taking a cell as a unit, the tobacco leaves in the mature period of a fixed plant are listed according to leaf positions, and after being baked, the tobacco leaves are sampled to determine the main chemical components. In the test, 4 tobacco leaves are selected for carrying out the physical and chemical property analysis of the tobacco leaves, and the selected tobacco leaves are respectively the 10 th leaf, the 11 th leaf, the 15 th leaf and the 16 th leaf. The physicochemical properties of the tobacco leaves of the different treatments are shown in table 6.
The potassium increasing treatment can improve the physical and chemical properties of the tobacco leaves and lead the proportion of each component to be more coordinated. Compared with the constant treatment, the potassium increasing treatment of 15 percent can improve the total sugar and reducing sugar content of the middle tobacco leaves, reduce the chloride ion content of the middle and upper tobacco leaves and improve the potassium-chloride ratio of the middle tobacco leaves to be in an interval of 8-12; the potassium increasing treatment of 30 percent can improve the total sugar content of the middle and upper tobacco leaves and the potassium content of the upper tobacco leaves, reduce the chloride ion content of the middle and upper tobacco leaves and improve the ratio of potassium to chloride; wherein the chlorine ion content of the middle tobacco leaves is reduced by 15.38 percent, the chlorine ion content of the upper tobacco leaves is reduced by 4.55 to 13.64 percent, and the ratio of potassium to chlorine of most tobacco leaves is between 8 and 9.
TABLE 6 Effect of different treatments on the physicochemical Properties of tobacco leaves
(2) Economic character
The impact of different treatments on economic traits of flue-cured tobacco is shown in table 7.
TABLE 7 Effect of different treatments on economic traits of flue-cured tobacco
Compared with the treatment of the constant potassium, the yield, the output value, the upper smoke proportion and the middle and upper smoke proportion of the treatment of increasing the potassium by 15 percent are all increased, and the yield and the output value are respectively increased by 16.89 percent and 14.89 percent; the average price, the first-class smoke proportion and the middle-class smoke proportion of the potassium-added treatment of 30 percent are all improved, wherein the first-class smoke proportion is improved by 1.47 percentage points. Therefore, in the field with the chloride ion concentration of 40-60mg/kg, the economic benefit is the best by increasing the potassium by 15 percent on the basis of the locally recommended potassium application amount.
4.4 example 4
(1) Physical and chemical properties of tobacco leaves
Taking a cell as a unit, the tobacco leaves in the mature period of a fixed plant are listed according to leaf positions, and after being baked, the tobacco leaves are sampled to determine the main chemical components. In the test, 4 tobacco leaves are selected for carrying out the physical and chemical property analysis of the tobacco leaves, and the selected tobacco leaves are respectively the 10 th leaf, the 11 th leaf, the 15 th leaf and the 16 th leaf. The physicochemical properties of the tobacco leaves treated differently are shown in table 8.
TABLE 8 physicochemical Properties of differently treated tobacco leaves
The result shows that the addition of 15-30% of the potassium fertilizer is beneficial to reducing the concentration of chlorine ions in the tobacco leaves and improving the ratio of potassium to chlorine. Comprehensively considering that in the field with the chloride ion concentration of 60-70mg/kg, the economic benefit is the best by increasing 15% of potassium based on the locally recommended potassium application amount.
4.5 example 5
(1) Physical and chemical properties of tobacco leaves
Taking a cell as a unit, hanging the tobacco plants of the fixed plants according to the leaf positions in the mature period, sampling after baking, and measuring the main chemical components of the tobacco plants. The physicochemical properties of the tobacco leaves of the different treatments are shown in table 99. As can be seen from Table 9, the potassium-increasing treatment in high-chlorine field can increase the difference between two sugars and reduce the nicotine content in tobacco leaves, thereby increasing the ratio of sugar to alkali and the ratio of nitrogen to alkali.
TABLE 9 chemical quality of the treated tobacco leaves
(2) Economic character
The yield and value data for each treatment of the trial are shown in table 10.
TABLE 10 economic Properties of each treatment
The potassium increasing treatment can improve the yield of flue-cured tobacco and the proportion of middle and upper grade tobacco, and has the function of improving economic benefit. Wherein the potassium is increased by 15%, the yield can be increased by 22.79%, and the yield can be increased by 12206.32 yuan/hm 2 (ii) a Therefore, in the field with the chloride ion concentration of 70-80 mg/kg, the economic benefit is the best by increasing 15% of potassium based on the locally recommended potassium application amount.
4.6 example 6
(1) Physical and chemical properties of tobacco leaves
Taking a cell as a unit, hanging the tobacco plants of the fixed plants according to the leaf positions in the mature period, sampling after baking, and measuring the main chemical components of the tobacco plants. The physicochemical properties of the tobacco leaves treated differently are shown in table 11.
The potassium content of the tobacco leaves at the middle upper part can be improved, the chlorine content of the tobacco leaves at the upper part is reduced, the potassium-chlorine ratio is improved, and the potassium increasing effect of the tobacco leaves treated by 20 percent of potassium increase is better than that of the tobacco leaves treated by 40 percent of potassium increase. Compared with the control, the potassium content of the middle and upper tobacco leaves in the potassium increasing treatment of 20 percent is respectively increased by 13.19 percent and 8.39 percent, and the potassium content of the middle and upper tobacco leaves in the potassium increasing treatment of 40 percent is increased by 9.03 percent and 2.80 percent.
TABLE 11 chemical quality of the treated tobacco leaves
(2) Economic character
The yield and output data for each treatment are shown in table 12. The potassium increasing treatment can improve the yield of flue-cured tobacco and the proportion of middle and upper grade tobacco, and has the function of improving economic benefit. The yield and value increasing effect of the potassium increasing treatment of 20 percent is better, compared with the constant treatment, the yield is increased by 28.07 percent, the first-class smoke proportion is increased by 3.52 percent, and the yield value is increased by 20061.29 yuan/hm 2 . Therefore, in the field with the chloride ion concentration of 80.1-90 mg/kg, the economic benefit is the best by increasing 20% of potassium based on the locally recommended potassium application amount.
Table 12 economic Properties of Each treatment
Finally, it is noted that the above-mentioned preferred embodiments illustrate rather than limit the invention, and that, although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the above-mentioned preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. A fertilizing method for improving the potassium content of upper tobacco leaves in Yuxi flue-cured tobacco is characterized in that: large-particle base fertilizer is adopted, and the potassium application amount is determined according to the content of soil chloride ions.
2. The fertilizing method for improving the potassium content of the upper tobacco leaves in Yuxi flue-cured tobacco according to claim 1, characterized in that: the formula of the base fertilizer is a special tobacco compound fertilizer containing nitrate nitrogen according to the local convention, but the diameter of fertilizer particles is increased to 8-10mm.
3. The fertilizing method for improving the potassium content of the upper tobacco leaves in Yuxi flue-cured tobacco according to claim 1, characterized in that: the conventional low-nitrogen high-potassium fertilizer or potassium nitrate or potassium sulfate is adopted, the top dressing is applied for three times, and the top dressing is applied 10 days later than the conventional top dressing time for the last time.
4. The fertilizing method for improving the potassium content of the upper tobacco leaves in Yuxi flue-cured tobacco according to claim 1, characterized in that: and (3) the soil chloride ion content is less than 40mg/kg, and the potassium application amount in the whole growth period is according to the local recommended potassium application amount.
5. The fertilizing method for improving the potassium content of the upper tobacco leaves in Yuxi flue-cured tobacco according to claim 1, characterized in that: the potassium application amount of the field with the soil chloride ion content of 40-80 mg/kg is increased by 15 percent on the basis of the local recommended potassium application amount in the whole growth period.
6. The fertilizing method for improving the potassium content of the upper tobacco leaves in Yuxi flue-cured tobacco according to claim 1, characterized in that: the potassium application amount of the field with the soil chloride ion content of 80.1-90 mg/kg is increased by 20 percent on the basis of the local recommended potassium application amount in the whole growth period.
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