WO2022016715A1

WO2022016715A1 - Large-granule fertilizer based on common quick-acting fertilizer and applied once during whole growth period of field crop, and preparation method therefor and use thereof

Info

Publication number: WO2022016715A1
Application number: PCT/CN2020/122739
Authority: WO
Inventors: 王火焰; 陈小琴; 卢殿君; 周健民
Original assignee: 中国科学院南京土壤研究所
Priority date: 2020-07-20
Filing date: 2020-10-22
Publication date: 2022-01-27
Also published as: JP2022552030A; CN111792963A

Abstract

The present invention relates to a large-granule fertilizer based on a common quick-acting fertilizer and applied once during the whole growth period of a field crop, and a preparation method therefor and the use thereof, which belong to the technical field of fertilizers. The large-granule fertilizer comprises common quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer, wherein the mass ratio of the nitrogen fertilizer to the phosphate fertilizer to the potash fertilizer is (20-40) : (4-15) : (4-15) in terms of N, P₂O₅ and K₂O; and the mass of a single granule of the large-granule fertilizer is 1.5 - 8 g. The large-granule fertilizer provided does not require the additional addition of various sustained- and controlled-release coating materials, nitrification inhibitors, urease inhibitors or synergists, etc. The fertilizer is low cost, does not pollute the environment and has a high fertilizer utilization rate. The fertilizer only needs to be applied once to soil, which is horizontally distanced 3-10 cm away from crop seeds/root systems and at a depth of 5-15 cm from the soil surface, alongside crop sowing or transplanting, or is applied in a chessboard-like point mode; and can meet the nutrient requirements of crops during the whole growth period thereof without requiring any additional fertilizer at a later stage.

Description

One-time application of large-grain fertilizer based on common quick-acting fertilizer in the whole growth period of field crops and preparation method and application thereof

This application is required to be submitted to the China Patent Office on July 21, 2020, the application number is CN202010696951.2, and the name of the invention is "a general quick-acting fertilizer-based large-grain fertilizer for the whole growth period of field crops and its preparation method and application". The priority of the Chinese patent application, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of fertilizers, in particular to a large-grain fertilizer applied once during the whole growth period of field crops based on common quick-acting fertilizers and a preparation method and application thereof.

Background technique

my country is a large agricultural country with more people and less land. Although the amount of chemical fertilizers is already high, with the increase of the population, in order to ensure the safety of national food and agricultural products, the crop yield per unit area still needs to be further improved, and the dependence on chemical fertilizers will still increase. . However, at present, the utilization rate of chemical fertilizers in my country is relatively low. The average utilization rate of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers for main food crops is lower than 30%, 15% and 30%, respectively. As a result, the total grain output cannot increase with the amount of fertilizer applied, and it also causes water, atmospheric , soil and other adverse environmental effects. At the same time, with the development of urbanization, rural young and middle-aged labor resources are insufficient and the cost is also increasing. Therefore, it is best to develop fertilizers that are high-yield and efficient, easy to apply, and reduce the number of applications. It is best to apply fertilizers only once in the whole growth period. The development of the field planting industry, which is not high, is very important.

The research on high-yield and high-efficiency fertilizers has always been one of the research hotspots in my country's agricultural science and technology. There are many related reports in the prior art. like:

CN103724062A patent discloses a large-particle inorganic coated fertilizer, which uses urea and a small amount of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer as the fertilizer core, wraps the surface of the fertilizer core with phosphoric acid and calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, and uses polymer resin material for sealing treatment, which is determined by the number of sealing times. Nutrient release. The particle size is greater than 4mm, which reduces the amount of coating material, thereby reducing the cost. The fertilizer effect can last for 50 to 60 days after three times of sealing.

CN105732177A patent application discloses a granular agricultural fertilizer, which is made of urea, sulfur powder, polyvinyl alcohol, and benzene acrylate and coated, and sprayed on the surface of urea particles.

CN109608272A patent application discloses a field crop-based application-free fertilizer, which is composed of ordinary urea, three kinds of resin-coated urea with different release periods, granular diammonium phosphate, granular superphosphate, ordinary potassium chloride and resin-coated chlorine Potassium, micro-fertilizers and additives are mixed, which has a good yield-increasing effect on rice and wheat.

CN106365827A patent application discloses a special fertilizer for synchronous nutrition super rice, which is composed of inner fertilizer and outer fertilizer, the inner and outer fertilizers are separated by a slow-release film, and the outer fertilizer is wrapped with another layer of slow-release film.

CN107266269A patent application discloses a one-time special fertilizer for rice and corn in Southwest China, which adds urea formaldehyde, nitrification inhibitor, urease inhibitor, plant growth regulator, etc. with urea, ammonium chloride, monoammonium phosphate, potassium chloride, etc. production.

CN108440054A patent application discloses a fertilizer suitable for one-time fertilization of rice, which is mixed with ordinary urea, two kinds of resin-coated urea with different release periods, granular phosphate fertilizer, ordinary potassium chloride, resin-coated potassium chloride and zinc fertilizer be made of.

The patents CN110698253A and CN110790617A respectively disclose a kind of rice base fertilizer for free from chasing and turning green and tiller fertilizer and a kind of wheat basal fertilizer for free from chasing and turning green and tiller fertilizer, which are all composed of granular urea, granular phosphate fertilizer, granular potassium chloride and granular zinc sulfate , and add dicyandiamide as a nitrogen fertilizer synergist.

Although existing research has developed various types or uses of agricultural chemical fertilizers, these fertilizer compositions still have certain performance defects, such as the need to add various coating materials or nitrogen fertilizer synergists to reduce nitrogen fertilizer loss, prolong Fertilizer efficiency, the complex process in the preparation also increases the cost. If the membrane material used has a long decomposition period or is not completely decomposed, it will also bring pressure to the sustainable utilization of farmland and the environment. The existing one-time fertilization method, because it does not change the fertilizer form or formula, only limits the fertilization position. Although its fertilization effect is generally better than that of conventional spreading or strip fertilization, the fertilizer utilization rate during mechanized application in the field, The effect of increasing crop yield is very unstable.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The object of the present invention is to provide a large-grained fertilizer based on common quick-acting fertilizer for one-time application of large-grain fertilizer in the whole growth period of field crops and its preparation method and application. The large-grain fertilizer provided by the invention does not need to add various slow-release and controlled-release coating materials, nitrification inhibitors, urease inhibitors or synergists, etc., and has low cost, no pollution to the environment, and high fertilizer utilization rate, and only needs to be sown with crops. Or one application at the time of transplanting, without any topdressing in the later period, can meet the nutrient requirements of the whole growth period of the crop.

The present invention provides a field crop growth period based on a common administration of large Postheading available fertilizer, comprising a common quick result of the large Postheading nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, said nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium mass respectively N, P ₂ In terms of O ₅ and K ₂ O, the mass ratio is (20-40):(4-15):(4-15); the single-grain mass of the large-grain fertilizer is 1.5-8 g.

Preferably, the mass of the nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer is _{calculated in terms of N, P 2} O ₅ and K ₂ O respectively, and the mass ratio is (30-35):(5-8):(5-8); the The mass of single grain of large-grain fertilizer is 2.5-4.5g.

Preferably, the nitrogen fertilizer includes one or more of urea, diammonium hydrogen phosphate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, ammonium bicarbonate and ammonium nitrate phosphorus.

Preferably, the phosphate fertilizer includes one or more of diammonium hydrogen phosphate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, general calcium phosphate, double superphosphate and ammonium nitrate phosphorus.

Preferably, the potash fertilizer includes potassium chloride and/or potassium sulfate.

Preferably, based on the quality of the large-grained fertilizer, according to soil deficiency or crop needs, the large-grained fertilizer also includes 1.0% to 10.0% by mass of silicon dioxide and 1.0% to 4.0% of calcium oxide. , one or more of 0.5% to 2.0% of magnesium oxide, 0.01% to 0.3% of boron and 0.1% to 0.3% of zinc oxide.

Preferably, the large-grain fertilizer further includes a binder and/or an anti-caking agent.

The present invention also provides the preparation method of the large-grain fertilizer described in the above technical scheme, comprising the following steps:

Mix nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer, stir, granulate, sieve to remove debris, and dry to obtain large-grain fertilizer.

The present invention also provides the application of the large-grain fertilizer described in the above technical solution or the large-grain fertilizer obtained by the preparation method described in the above-mentioned technical solution in planting field crops, wherein the large-grain fertilizer is applied at a horizontal distance of 3 from the seed/root system of the crop or its row. ~10cm, in the soil 5~15cm deep from the soil surface.

Preferably, when the crop is planted or planted in a hole, one grain of fertilizer is applied to one hole, or two grains of fertilizer are applied to one hole, or one grain of fertilizer is applied to both holes.

The invention provides a large-grain fertilizer based on common quick-acting fertilizer for one-time application of large-grain fertilizer in the whole growth period of field crops. The large-grained fertilizer of the present invention can overcome the short fertilizer effect of common quick-acting fertilizers in the prior art, the need for repeated topdressing or the need to add slow-release film materials or various additional materials such as nitrification inhibitors, urease inhibitors, various synergists, etc. etc., and can overcome the problems such as uneven fertilization, unstable fertilizer efficiency, unfavorable mechanized fertilization in the prior art, and the production of the present invention is based on the common quick-acting fertilizer. Compared with the prior art, it obviously has a slow-release effect, significantly increases the absorption rate of nitrogen provided by the crops to the fertilizer, and increases the yield by more than 30% compared with the conventional technology of the same fertilization amount, and the existing one-time hole application technology of the same fertilization amount. Compared with the production increase of more than 10%. The large-grained fertilizer of the invention can meet the nutrient requirements of field crops in the whole growth period of field crops only once applied without any top dressing, has low nitrogen fertilizer loss rate and high nitrogen fertilizer nutrient utilization rate, and is compared with the conventional technology and the existing one-time hole application technology. There is a significant increase in the income of field crops.

detailed description

The present invention provides a field crop growth period based on a common administration of large Postheading available fertilizer, comprising a common quick result of the large Postheading nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, said nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium mass respectively N, P ₂ In terms of O ₅ and K ₂ O, the mass ratio is (20-40):(4-15):(4-15), more preferably (30-35):(5-8):(5-8); The single-grain mass of the large-grain fertilizer is 1.5-8 g, more preferably 2.5-4.5 g. The formula ratio and single-grain weight range of the large-grain fertilizer of the present invention can ensure the demand proportion and demand for nutrients in the whole growth period of crops.

The present invention does not specifically limit the types of the crops, and field crops well known to those skilled in the art can be used. In the present invention, the term "full growth period", for field transplanted crops, such as rice, rape, etc., refers to the whole period from when seedlings are transplanted into fields to fully mature and ready for harvest; for direct seeding crops, such as wheat, corn, Live rape, etc., refers to the entire period from when the seeds are sown into the soil to when they are fully ripe and ready to be harvested.

The large-grained fertilizer of the present invention can overcome the short fertilizer effect of common quick-acting fertilizers in the prior art, the need for repeated topdressing or the need to add slow-release film materials or various additional materials such as nitrification inhibitors, urease inhibitors, various synergists, etc. etc., and the problems such as uneven fertilization, unstable fertilizer effect, and unfavorable mechanized fertilization in the prior art, the field crops based on common quick-acting fertilizer of the present invention apply (super) large-grain fertilizer once during the whole growth period, and the soil-fertilizer interface is applied after the soil is applied. Significantly reduced, the effect of fertilizer field micro-domain is more obvious, and the slow-release of fertilizer is increased, which is conducive to the formation of a "root-packed fertilizer" state, which can greatly reduce the fertilizer loss rate, and can use equipment to fertilize more uniformly, and each point can be fertilized. The fertilization amount of each hole is exactly the same. Only one application without any top dressing can meet the nutrient requirements of field crops during the whole growth period, and ensure the fertilizer utilization rate and yield increase effect when large-scale field crops are fertilized at one time, and The effect is stable.

The present invention does not specifically limit the sources of the nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer, and conventional common quick-acting nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers well known to those skilled in the art can be used. The large-grain fertilizer of the present invention does not add any slow-release membrane material or nitrification inhibitor, urease inhibitor, various synergists, etc. In the present invention, the nitrogen fertilizer includes one or more of common quick-acting nitrogen fertilizers such as urea, diammonium hydrogen phosphate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, ammonium bicarbonate and ammonium nitrate phosphorus. In the present invention, the phosphate fertilizer includes one or more of common quick-acting phosphate fertilizers such as diammonium hydrogen phosphate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, common calcium phosphate, superphosphate, and ammonium nitrate phosphorus. In the present invention, the potassium fertilizer includes one or more of potassium chloride and/or potassium sulfate and other common quick-acting potassium fertilizers.

In the present invention, the large-grain fertilizer preferably also includes elements that need to be supplemented in soil (or crops) that are deficient in specific medium and trace or beneficial elements. For example, in the present invention, based on the quality of the large-grain fertilizer, the large-grain fertilizer preferably It also includes 1.0% to 10.0% of silicon dioxide, 1.0% to 4.0% of calcium oxide, 0.5% to 2.0% of magnesium oxide, 0.01% to 0.3% of boron and 0.1% to 0.3% of oxide. one or more of zinc. When the above-mentioned elements are not lacking in the soil, the above-mentioned elements may not be added to the large-grain fertilizer.

The present invention does not specifically limit the shape of the large-grained fertilizer, and any shape that is convenient for granulation or application, such as spherical, cylindrical, elliptical, and rhombus, can be used. In the present invention, the large-grain fertilizer may further include a binder and/or an anti-caking agent. In the present invention, a small amount of conventional binder can be added to improve the physical strength or a small amount of other materials such as an anti-caking agent or a moisture-proof agent can be added to improve the storage and transportation performance of the large-grain fertilizer.

The present invention does not specifically limit the mixing method, and the conventional mixer well-known to those skilled in the art can be used for direct mixing or mixing after pulverization. The present invention does not have a special limitation on the granulation method, and the granulation can be carried out by using a conventional granulator known to those skilled in the art, such as by a common granulation method such as a counter-press machine with grooves or a melting method. Granule forming. After granulation, the present invention preferably screens the formed large-grain fertilizer, removes debris, divides it into packaging, and performs necessary drying to obtain a large-grain fertilizer product. The large-grain fertilizer of the present invention preferably has a certain strength, and must be not easily broken during transportation and not easily deliquesced during storage. The mixing and stirring in the preparation method of the invention and the sieving of the granulated products ensure the uniformity of nutrients in each fertilizer, and the requirement for the strength of the large-grain fertilizer ensures that after the large-grain fertilizer is applied to the soil, the Formation and persistence, which is the key to the slow release and long-term effectiveness of large-grain fertilizers, and making them less likely to break during transportation.

The present invention also provides the application of the large-grain fertilizer described in the above technical solution or the large-grain fertilizer obtained by the preparation method described in the above-mentioned technical solution in planting field crops, wherein the large-grain fertilizer is applied at a horizontal distance of 3 from the seed/root system of the crop or its row. ~10cm, in the soil 5~15cm deep from the soil surface. In the present invention, the crops preferably include rapeseed, wheat, rice, and corn in direct seeding or transplanted fields. The fertilization time of the large-grain fertilizer of the present invention is preferably the same as the time of planting or transplanting the crops. Specifically, for the crops sown or planted in holes, the present invention preferably places the large-grained fertilizer at a distance of 3-10 cm away from the horizontal distance of the crop seeds/roots, and 5-15 cm from the soil surface. , or two grains of fertilizer for one-hole seedlings/vegetable seedlings, or one-grain fertilizer for multi-hole seedlings/vegetable seedlings (that is, applying one grain of fertilizer to one hole, or applying one grain of fertilizer to multiple holes) at the same time with the transplanting machinery; for drilled (planted) crops, In the present invention, the large-grained fertilizer is preferably placed at a distance of 3 to 6 cm from the horizontal distance of the row where the crop seeds/roots are located, and 5 to 10 cm from the soil surface; for sowing crops, after turning the ground and cultivating the field, the large-grained fertilizer is placed in a similar chessboard. The fertilization points are preferably 12-22cm apart, and then cover the soil and sow the seeds. By specifying the application position of the large-grained fertilizer, the present invention can ensure that after the large-grained fertilizer is applied, the crop root system can absorb nutrients but the released nutrient concentration will not burn seeds and root tips.

The present invention artificially forms fertilizer micro-domains through the concentrated application of fertilizers in the form of large-grained fertilizers, and the fertilizer micro-domain effect is further strengthened, so that common quick-acting fertilizers can have greater slow-effect performance. The nutrient loss can be greatly reduced, and the fertilizer utilization rate can be greatly improved. The present invention applies the (super) large-grain fertilizer at one time when the crops are sown or transplanted, and no topdressing is required in the later stage, which can meet the nutrient requirements of the crops throughout the growth period. The present invention is based on common quick-acting fertilizers, without adding any slow-release membrane materials or nitrification inhibitors, urease inhibitors, various synergists, etc., and only one application can meet the nutrient requirements of field crops during the whole growth period, saving labor and effort , The nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate is high, the environment is friendly, and the effect of increasing production and income is excellent.

Below in conjunction with specific examples, a kind of large-grain fertilizer based on common quick-acting fertilizers of the present invention and its preparation method and application will be introduced in further detail. The technical solutions of the present invention include but are not limited to the following examples. .

Example 1

A common quick-acting fertilizer based on one-time application of (super) large-grain fertilizer in the whole growth period of field crops, the quality of nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer are respectively _{calculated as N, P 2} O ₅ and K ₂ O, including: N 29%, P ₂ O ₅ 11%, K ₂ O 12%, the balance is the carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, etc. brought into the formula fertilizer by the elemental fertilizer. The above-described elements provided by the following materials, N: urea; P ₂ O _5: diammonium hydrogen phosphate; K ₂ O: potassium chloride.

The actual amount of commercial chemical fertilizers is as follows (calculated as one application (super) large-grain fertilizer for every 10,000 grains of field crops based on ordinary quick-acting fertilizers during the whole growth period):

Urea 15.6kg;

Diammonium hydrogen phosphate 7.8kg;

Potassium chloride 5.6kg.

The above-mentioned commercial fertilizers are mixed, and ground into powder, and extruded by a tablet machine, and the one-time application (super) large-grain fertilizer based on the common quick-acting fertilizer obtained in the present embodiment is spherical in the whole growth period of the field crops, The mass of a single grain is 2.9g and the diameter is 13mm.

Example 2

A (super) large-grain fertilizer based on common quick-acting fertilizer is applied once in the whole growth period of field crops, and its formula and preparation method are the same as those in Example 1, but the urea is ¹⁵ N-labeled commercial urea.

Example 3

A common quick-acting fertilizer based on one-time application of (super) large grain fertilizer in the whole growth period of field crops, the quality of nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer are respectively _{calculated as N, P 2} O ₅ and K ₂ O, including: N 33%, P ₂ O ₅ 6%, K ₂ O 6%, in addition to adding zinc (ZnO) 0.3%, the balance is the sulfur, carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, etc. brought into the formula fertilizer by the elemental fertilizer. The above elements are provided by the following substances, N: urea, ammonium sulfate, diammonium hydrogen phosphate; P ₂ O ₅ : diammonium hydrogen phosphate; K ₂ O: potassium chloride; ZnO: zinc sulfate.

The actual quantities of commercial chemical fertilizers are as follows (on the basis of one application (super) large-grain fertilizer for every 10,000 grains of field crops based on common quick-acting fertilizers during the whole growth period):

The above-mentioned commercial fertilizer is stirred and mixed, and is extruded by a tablet machine, and the one-time application (super) large-grain fertilizer based on the common quick-acting fertilizer obtained in the present embodiment is cylindrical. The mass of a single grain is 1.7g, the diameter is 13mm, and the height is 7mm.

Example 4

A general quick-acting fertilizer based on one-time application of (super) large grain fertilizer in the whole growth period of field crops, the quality of nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer are respectively _{calculated as N, P 2} O ₅ and K ₂ O, including: N 32%, P ₂ O ₅ 8%, K ₂ O 5%, in addition to adding boron (B) 0.2%, the balance is the sulfur, carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, etc. brought into the formula fertilizer by the elemental fertilizer. The above elements are provided by the following substances, N: urea, ammonium sulfate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate; P ₂ O ₅ : ammonium dihydrogen phosphate; K ₂ O: potassium chloride, potassium sulfate; B: borax.

The above-mentioned commercial fertilizer is stirred and mixed, and is extruded by a tablet machine. The obtained (super) large-grain fertilizer based on the common quick-acting fertilizer obtained in the present example is a spheroid. The mass of a single grain is 4.2g, the ball diameter is 20mm, and the thickness is 14mm.

Test Example 1

One application (super) large-grain fertilizer based on the common quick-acting fertilizer prepared in Example 1 is carried out in-situ field test in the field, and after 90 days, about 385mg/kg of soil ammonium nitrogen content at the 6cm place from the large-grain fertilizer fertilization point .

Comparative Example 1:

The fertilizer used is the same amount of common quick-acting urea, diammonium hydrogen phosphate, potassium chloride fertilizer used in the preparation example 1 large-grain fertilizer, stirring and mixing, one-time evenly spreading the soil surface, after 90 days, the soil surface is 6cm deep from the soil surface. The ammonium nitrogen content is about 12 mg/kg.

Comparative Example 2:

The fertilizer used is the same as that of Comparative Example 1, stirred and mixed, and applied in a single hole. After 90 days, the ammonium nitrogen content of the soil at about 6 cm from the center of the hole application was about 118 mg/kg.

The comparative experiment shows that the large-grain fertilizer of the present invention has a better slow-release effect.

Test Example 2

The field test of rice (species Nanjing 9108) was carried out by applying (super) large-grain fertilizer once in the whole growth period of the field crops prepared in Example 2 based on common quick-acting fertilizer. Example 2 Large Postheading with an equal amount of the urea ⁽¹⁵ N labeled urea), diammonium phosphate, potassium chloride fertilizer applicator after mixing (Comparative Example 3) and a pit (Comparative Example 4) Comparative Experiment simultaneously disposed in Preparation . Among them, the large-grained fertilizer was placed 3 cm away from the root system of the rice seedlings and 6 cm away from the soil surface at one time, and no top-dressing was applied in the later stage; in Comparative Example 3, 40% of the total nitrogen fertilizer and all the phosphorus and potassium fertilizer were spread and applied together as the base fertilizer, and the remaining 30 % nitrogen fertilizer was applied as tiller fertilizer and ear fertilizer respectively; in Comparative Example 4, all nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers were mixed and applied in one-time hole about 3cm away from the root system of rice seedlings and about 6cm from the soil surface, and no topdressing was applied in the later stage.

The yield of rice treated with the large-grain fertilizer prepared in Example 2 can reach 11.5 t/ha, which is 47.4% higher than that of Comparative Example 3 and 21.1% higher than that of Comparative Example 4 (Table 1). By the ¹⁵ N labeling method (see reference: "Mary B., Recous S., and Robin D. 1998. Model for calculation of nitrogen fluxes in soil using ¹⁵ N tracing. Soil Biol. Biochem. 30(14):1963-1979"; Literature: "Liu Delin, Nie Jun, Xiao Jian. 2002. ¹⁵ N-labeled controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer for rice on improving nitrogen use efficiency. Acta Laser Biology. 11(2): 87-92."; and literature: "Zhang J., Zhu T., Cai Z., Qin S., Muller C. 2012. Effects of long-term repeated mineral and organic fertilizer applications on soil nitrogen transformations. Eur.J.Soil Sci.63:75-85”) The nitrogen fertilizer loss rate of the large-grain fertilizer treatment was about 21.5%, and the nitrogen utilization rate provided by the fertilizer was 56.1%, while the nitrogen fertilizer loss rate of the comparative examples 3 and 4 were 63.1% and 45.7%, respectively, and the fertilizer nitrogen utilization rate was 11.1% and 11.1%. 32.5%. It shows that the application of large-grain fertilizer can increase the utilization rate of the applied fertilizer. In efficient and clean agricultural production, only the amount of nutrients required for crop growth is input, and the soil is not blindly depleted or fertilized, which is an ideal fertilization concept. .

Test Example 3

The field crops based on common quick-acting fertilizer prepared in Example 3 were applied with (super) large-grain fertilizer once in the whole growth period, and field demonstration of wheat (variety Huaimai 20) was carried out. At the same time, set up a comparative experiment of mixing the same amount of urea, ammonium sulfate, diammonium hydrogen phosphate, potassium chloride, and zinc sulfate fertilizers as used in the preparation of the large-grain fertilizer in Example 3 (Comparative Example 5) and hole application (Comparative Example 6) . After soil preparation, the large-grain fertilizer of Example 3 was placed at a depth of 5 to 8 cm from the soil surface at a fertilizer distance of 15 cm × 15 cm by a fertilizer applicator, and then wheat seeds were sown, and no topdressing was performed in the later stage; 40% of the nitrogen fertilizer and all the phosphorus, potassium, and zinc fertilizers were applied together with the soil preparation as base fertilizer, and the remaining 30% of the nitrogen fertilizer was topdressed as tiller fertilizer and jointing booting fertilizer; in Comparative Example 6, all nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and zinc fertilizers were mixed and passed The fertilizer applicator is applied at a depth of 5 to 8 cm from the soil surface according to the fertilizer distance of about 15cm × 15cm, and no top dressing is required in the later stage.

The large-grain fertilizer prepared in Example 3 has a relatively uniform distribution in the field, and the average yield can reach 7.4 t/ha, which is 32.6% and 13.2% higher than that of Comparative Examples 5 and 6 (Table 1).

Test Example 4

The one-time application (super) large-grain fertilizer based on the common quick-acting fertilizer prepared by Example 4 was applied in rapeseed (kind is Ningza 1818) season in the whole growth period of the field crops, and the same amount of the large-grain fertilizer used in the preparation example 4 was set at the same time. A comparative test of the mixed application of urea, ammonium sulfate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium chloride, potassium sulfate and borax (comparative example 7) and hole application (comparative example 8). Among them, the application of large-grain fertilizer: open a fertilization ditch in the whole field, transplant rapeseed seedlings, the fertilization ditch is 5cm away from the row of rapeseed, and the depth of the ditch is 10cm, and the large-grain fertilizer is placed in the ditch at a distance of about 20cm by a fertilizer applicator and covered with soil. Topdressing; Comparative Example 7 is the conventional method of farmers, 60% of the total nitrogen fertilizer and all phosphorus, potassium and boron fertilizers are applied as base fertilizer during soil preparation, and the remaining 40% of nitrogen fertilizer is used as sedge fertilizer; in Comparative Example 8, all nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers are applied Potassium and boron fertilizers are mixed, and the one-time hole is applied to the fertilization ditch, and the distance between the holes is about 20cm.

The yield of rapeseed treated with the large-grain fertilizer prepared in Example 4 reached 4.9 t/ha, which was 53.9% and 19.2% higher than that of Comparative Examples 7 and 8 (Table 1).

Table 1 The effect of one-time application of (super) large-grain fertilizer in the whole growth period of field crops based on common quick-acting fertilizers on increasing yield and income of rice, wheat and rapeseed

Note:

*Comparative Examples 3 and 4 are the same fertilizers used in Preparation Example 2, with the same type and quality; Comparative Examples 5 and 6 are the same fertilizers used in Preparation Example 3, with the same type and quality; The same fertilizers used in Preparation Example 4 were of the same type and quality. Comparative Examples 3, 5, and 7 were applied by farmers' conventional method of combining foundation and topdressing, and Comparative Examples 4, 6, and 8 were the existing one-time acupoint application technology.

**Increases in this table refer to increased grain yields only.

***The rice is topdressed twice, each time is calculated at 150RMB/ha, the wheat is topdressed twice, each time is calculated at 120RMB/ha, and the rapeseed is topdressed once, at 120RMB/ha.

****The price of rice grains is calculated at 2.9 yuan/kg, the price of wheat grains is calculated at 2.5 yuan/kg, and the price of rapeseed grains is calculated at 5.0 yuan/kg.

The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the principles of the present invention, several improvements and modifications can be made. It should be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

One kind of a growth period of administration of large Postheading ordinary fertilizer available on field crops, which comprises a large common quick result Postheading nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, wherein said nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium mass respectively N, P 2 In terms of O 5 and K 2 O, the mass ratio is (20-40):(4-15):(4-15); the single-grain mass of the large-grain fertilizer is 1.5-8 g.
The large-grain fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein the quality of the nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer is calculated in terms of N, P 2 O 5 and K 2 O respectively, and the mass ratio is (30～35): (5～8 ): (5-8); the single-grain mass of the large-grain fertilizer is 2.5-4.5 g.
The large-grain fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein the nitrogen fertilizer comprises one or more of urea, diammonium hydrogen phosphate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, ammonium bicarbonate and ammonium nitrate phosphorus kind.
The large-grain fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein the phosphate fertilizer comprises one or more of diammonium hydrogen phosphate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, common calcium phosphate, superphosphate and ammonium nitrate phosphorus.
The large-grain fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein the potash fertilizer comprises potassium chloride and/or potassium sulfate.
The large-grain fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that, taking the quality of the large-grain fertilizer as a benchmark, according to soil deficiency conditions or crop needs, the large-grain fertilizer further comprises a mass percentage of 1.0% to 10.0% of carbon dioxide. Silicon, one or more of 1.0%-4.0% calcium oxide, 0.5%-2.0% magnesium oxide, 0.01%-0.3% boron and 0.1%-0.3% zinc oxide.
The large-grain fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that, the large-grain fertilizer further comprises a binder and/or an anti-caking agent.
The preparation method of the large-grain fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising the following steps:

Mix nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer, stir, granulate, sieve to remove debris, and dry to obtain large-grain fertilizer.
The application of the large-grain fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 7 or the preparation method according to claim 8 in planting field crops, wherein the large-grain fertilizer is applied at a distance from the crop seed/root system or its location Line horizontal distance 3 ~ 10cm, 5 ~ 15cm deep from the soil surface in the soil.
The application according to claim 9, characterized in that, when the crops are planted or planted in holes, one grain of fertilizer is applied to one hole, two grains of fertilizer are applied to one hole, or one grain of fertilizer is applied to two holes in total.