CN112939685A - Compound fertilizer for topdressing and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Compound fertilizer for topdressing and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112939685A CN112939685A CN202110266151.1A CN202110266151A CN112939685A CN 112939685 A CN112939685 A CN 112939685A CN 202110266151 A CN202110266151 A CN 202110266151A CN 112939685 A CN112939685 A CN 112939685A
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- compound fertilizer
- crops
- urea
- fertilizer
- potassium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C3/00—Fertilisers containing other salts of ammonia or ammonia itself, e.g. gas liquor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/40—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting fertiliser dosage or release rate; for affecting solubility
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/90—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting the nitrification of ammonium compounds or urea in the soil
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/10—Solid or semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. powders
- C05G5/12—Granules or flakes
Abstract
The invention provides a compound fertilizer for topdressing, a preparation method and application thereof, belonging to the technical field of fertilizers, wherein the compound fertilizer comprises the following raw materials: urea, ammonium sulfate and potassium sulfate. The compound fertilizer of the invention is an amide nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen double-ammonium potassium compound fertilizer which takes urea and ammonium sulfate as nitrogen sources and potassium sulfate as potassium sources, and the fertilizer is used as an additional fertilizer. The compound fertilizer can promote the growth of crops, improve the yield of the crops, improve the quality of the crops, enhance the resistance of the crops and prevent the insect pests of the crops.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fertilizers, in particular to a compound fertilizer for topdressing and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
Top dressing refers to a fertilizer applied during the growth of plants to supplement and regulate the nutrition of the plants. The main purpose of the top dressing is to supplement the deficiency of the base fertilizer and meet the nutritional requirements of plants in the middle and later periods.
The prior fertilizer for topdressing comprises urea, ammonium sulfate and the like, wherein the urea belongs to an organic nitrogen fertilizer, and after being applied to soil, the urea is hydrolyzed into ammonium carbonate or ammonium bicarbonate through the action of urease or microorganism in the soil, and then the ammonium carbonate or the ammonium bicarbonate can be absorbed and utilized by plants. Ammonia is formed in paddy fields, and ammonia is absorbed mainly as nitric acid in upland fields, although ammonia can be absorbed. Under normal conditions, urea is applied to soil for more than 7 days to transform, and the urea is shown on the appearance of plant bodies and is mainly characterized by the transformation of leaf color into dark green. Ammonium sulfate is a main variety of nitrogen fertilizer, is also one of main sources for providing crop nutrient element sulfur, and is a physiological acidic quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer. Most of the top dressing applied by the traditional method is the application of urea, ammonium sulfate and other fertilizers singly or after simple mixing, and the yield increasing effect is not obvious.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a compound fertilizer for topdressing, a preparation method and application thereof.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a compound fertilizer for topdressing, which comprises the following raw materials: urea, ammonium sulfate and potassium sulfate; the mass percentage of the nitrogen of the compound fertilizer is 25-30 percent calculated by N; with K2Calculated by O, the mass percentage of potassium in the compound fertilizer is 5-15%; the mass ratio of N provided by the urea to the ammonium sulfate is (2-3): 1; the particle size of the compound fertilizer is 3.4-4 mm.
Preferably, the water content of the compound fertilizer is 2-3%.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the compound fertilizer, which comprises the following steps:
1) mixing the urea, the ammonium sulfate and the potassium sulfate to obtain a mixture, adding water vapor into the mixture to enable the water content of the materials to be 8% -10%, and carrying out extrusion granulation to obtain wet granules;
2) and drying and sieving the wet particles, and collecting particles with the particle size of 3.4-4 mm to obtain the compound fertilizer.
Preferably, the drying mode comprises drying; the initial drying temperature is 60-80 ℃; the drying termination temperature is 30-35 ℃.
The invention also provides application of the compound fertilizer or the compound fertilizer prepared by the preparation method in promoting crop growth, improving crop yield, improving crop quality, enhancing crop resistance or preventing crop insect pests.
Preferably, the crop comprises rice, corn, tomato, eggplant or pepper.
Preferably, when the crop is rice, the application period of the compound fertilizer comprises a rice green turning period; the application amount of the compound fertilizer is 150-250 kg/hectare.
Preferably, when the crop is corn, the application period of the compound fertilizer comprises a small trumpet period; the application amount of the compound fertilizer is 10-20 kg/mu.
The invention provides a compound fertilizer for topdressing, which comprises the following raw materials: urea, ammonium sulfate and potassium sulfate. The compound fertilizer of the invention is an amide nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen double-ammonium potassium compound fertilizer which takes urea and ammonium sulfate as nitrogen sources and potassium sulfate as potassium sources, and the fertilizer is used as an additional fertilizer. The amide nitrogen has slow action and generally takes more than 7 days to take effect, the ammonium nitrogen takes effect after 2-3 days, the long and short effects of the amide nitrogen and the ammonium nitrogen are combined, the nitrogen element can be supplemented in a long-acting manner, in addition, the potassium sulfate is a potassium element which makes up the later growth period of crops, and the lodging resistance and drought resistance of the crops are improved. The compound fertilizer can promote the growth of crops, improve the yield of the crops, enhance the resistance of the crops and prevent the insect pests of the crops.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a compound fertilizer for topdressing, which comprises the following raw materials: urea, ammonium sulfate and potassium sulfate; the mass percentage of the nitrogen of the compound fertilizer is 25-30 percent calculated by N; with K2Calculated by O, the mass percentage of potassium in the compound fertilizer is 5-15%; the mass ratio of N provided by the urea to the ammonium sulfate is (2-3): 1; the particle size of the compound fertilizer is 3.4-4 mm.
In the invention, the mass percentage of potassium in the compound fertilizer is preferably 10%. In the invention, the water content of the compound fertilizer is preferably 2-3%.
In the invention, the compound fertilizer provides N, K two nutrient elements and also provides an S element; the mass percentage of S in the compound fertilizer is preferably 5-10% calculated by sulfate ions.
In the invention, the particle size of the compound fertilizer is preferably 3.6-3.8 mm.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the compound fertilizer, which comprises the following steps:
1) mixing the urea, the ammonium sulfate and the potassium sulfate to obtain a mixture, adding water vapor into the mixture to enable the water content of the materials to be 8% -10%, and carrying out extrusion granulation to obtain wet granules;
2) and drying and sieving the wet particles, and collecting particles with the particle size of 3.4-4 mm to obtain the compound fertilizer.
The invention firstly mixes the urea, the ammonium sulfate and the potassium sulfate to obtain a mixture, adds water vapor into the mixture to ensure that the water content of the material is 8-10%, and extrudes and granulates to obtain wet granules. The mixing mode is not particularly limited, and the stirring and mixing are adopted in the specific implementation process of the invention based on uniform mixing. In the present invention, the manner of adding water vapor includes spraying; the water content of the material after the addition of water vapor is preferably 9%. In the present invention, the extrusion granulation manner includes roll extrusion granulation.
After the wet particles are obtained, the wet particles are dried and sieved, and particles with the particle size of 3.4-4 mm are collected to obtain the compound fertilizer. In the present invention, the drying manner preferably includes drying; the initial drying temperature is preferably 60-80 ℃, and more preferably 70 ℃; the termination temperature of drying is preferably 30-35 ℃, and further preferably 32 ℃; the drying time is based on that the water content is dried to 2 to 3 percent. In the invention, the equipment adopted for drying comprises a hot blast stove; the initial temperature of the drying roller of the hot blast stove is preferably 60-80 ℃, further preferably 70 ℃, and the tail temperature of the drying roller of the hot blast stove is preferably 30-35 ℃, further preferably 32 ℃. In the present invention, the apparatus used for said screening preferably comprises a screening machine.
In the invention, the granules with the particle size of less than 3.4mm or more than 4mm are mixed with water vapor again, and the steps of extrusion granulation, drying and sieving in the scheme are repeated until the particle size is 3.4-4 mm.
The invention also provides application of the compound fertilizer or the compound fertilizer prepared by the preparation method in promoting crop growth, improving crop yield, improving crop quality, enhancing crop resistance and/or preventing crop insect pests.
In the present invention, the crop preferably includes rice, corn, tomato, eggplant or pepper.
In the invention, the compound fertilizer is applied as an additional fertilizer.
In the present invention, when the crop is rice, the application period of the compound fertilizer preferably includes a rice green turning period; the application amount of the compound fertilizer is preferably 150-250 kg/hectare, and more preferably 200 kg/hectare.
In the invention, when the crop is corn, the application period of the compound fertilizer preferably comprises a small-horn-shaped period, and more preferably, the corn plant has 8-10 unfolded leaves during the small-horn-shaped period; the application amount of the compound fertilizer is preferably 10-20 kg/mu, and more preferably 15 kg/mu.
In the invention, when the compound fertilizer is applied to a dry land, the application depth is more than or equal to 5cm, and the distance between the compound fertilizer and the root of a crop is more than or equal to 10 cm; when the compound fertilizer is applied to a paddy field, the compound fertilizer is uniformly spread.
The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
N-P2O5-K2The proportion of O is 30-0-5, the addition amount of urea accounts for 43.48 percent according to the mass percentage,the addition amount of ammonium sulfate is 47.62%, and the addition amount of potassium sulfate is 10%. The loss in the processing process accounts for 1.1 percent.
TABLE 1 Compound fertilizer ratio
The process flow comprises the following steps:
1. urea, ammonium sulfate and potassium sulfate.
2. The prepared materials are continuously put on a material conveying belt through a set amount and are conveyed into a material stirrer to be stirred, and in the stirring process, water vapor is sprayed and added to enable the water content of the materials to reach 8% -10%.
3. And extruding the material sprayed with the steam into granules by a pair of rollers to obtain wet granules, and drying the wet granules by a hot blast stove, wherein the initial temperature of a drying roller is 60-80 ℃, the tail temperature of the drying roller is 30-35 ℃, and the water content of the product is reduced to 2-3%.
4. And screening out small particles from the dried and granulated product by using a screening machine, and reserving particles with the particle size of 3.4-4 mm to obtain the compound fertilizer.
Example 2
In 2018, a double-ammonium-potassium compound fertilizer test field is established in a paddy field of a three-farm in Tanghai county of Hebei province, and the test fertilizer: compound fertilizer prepared in example 1.
The application method comprises the following steps: the compound fertilizer prepared in example 1 was applied in the rice seedling-turning period, and 200kg of the compound fertilizer was applied per hectare.
Comparative example 1
The compound fertilizer prepared in the example 1 is applied in the rice green turning period, 200kg of the compound fertilizer is applied in each hectare, 150kg of ammonium sulfate and 150kg of urea are applied in each hectare, and the application and field management of other base fertilizers are the same as those in the example 2.
Example 2 as a demonstration field, comparative example 1 as a control field, and the results of the harvest time investigation of example 2 and comparative example 1 are as follows:
1. the number of the spikelets in the hole is 17.3 in the demonstration field, and is increased by 0.3 compared with 17 in the control field, and the number of the spikes per mu is 27.8 ten thousand.
2. The number of grains per ear is 90.1 in the demonstration field and 0.5 grain per ear compared with 89.6 in the control field.
3. Thousand kernel weight, which is 24.7g in the model field, is increased by 0.3g compared with 24.4g in the control field.
4. The void ratio, which is 4.6% for the model field, is reduced by 0.4% compared to 5% for the control field.
5. The yield is 9174.8 kg/hectare for the demonstration field and 8814 kg/hectare for the demonstration field, the yield is 360.8 kg/hectare, and the amplification is 4.1%.
As can be seen, the rice yield was significantly increased in the model field as compared with the control field.
Example 3
Application effect test of compound fertilizer prepared in example 1 on corn
1. Test work: the corn variety is Zhengdan 958
2. Basic situation of test foundation
The test is located in what village of a Liangjia shop in Yutian county of Hebei province. The region has flat terrain, loam and moderate fertility and is a suitable region for planting corn.
3. Test procedure
The total area of the test field is 85 mu, and 2 treatments are arranged, wherein the test area is 60 mu, and the control area is 25 mu. Base fertilizer N-P is applied to all the seeds synchronously in sowing time2O5-K2The proportion of O is 15-15-15, 40kg of compound fertilizer per mu.
The topdressing period is a small-horn-mouth period (8-10 developed leaves), and the treatment 1 is 15 kg/mu of the compound fertilizer prepared in the topdressing example 1. Treatment 2 was a control, topdressing with 15 kg/acre of urea. The area of the contrast area is 25 mu, the area of the test area is 60 mu, and the other field management measures are completely consistent.
3. Test procedure management
Sowing in 12 days in 4 months, fixing seedlings in 2 days in 5 months, intertilling and weeding in the whole process for 2 times, and irrigating for 1 time, wherein the field management is basically consistent except for different topdressing varieties.
Analysis of results
After the compound fertilizer prepared in the example 1 is applied to the corn, the growth period is investigated, the growth process is accelerated, and the plant grows robustly. See tables 2-4 for results.
TABLE 2 Table for recording growth period
As can be seen from table 2: treatment 1 showed emasculation 4 days earlier than treatment 2 by applying diammonium potassium, and then the fertility course was accelerated and the expression was precocious for 7 days.
TABLE 3 field questionnaire for androgenesis
TABLE 4 flowering phase field questionnaire
From the survey results of emasculation and flowering period, the plant height, the leaf number, the leaf width and the stem thickness of the corn are higher or more than those of the dressing urea by dressing the diammonium potassium, which indicates that the compound fertilizer prepared in the middle and later period of corn dressing example 1 can promote the growth and development of the corn and has strong growth vigor.
TABLE 5 mature seed examination table
From the seed examination results in the mature period, the compound fertilizer prepared in the additional application example 1 can increase the single ear weight, thousand kernel weight and yield of the corn compared with the additional application of urea.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A compound fertilizer for topdressing comprises the following raw materials: urea, ammonium sulfate and potassium sulfate; in terms of NThe mass percentage content of the compound fertilizer nitrogen is 25-30%; with K2Calculated by O, the mass percentage of potassium in the compound fertilizer is 5-15%; the mass ratio of N provided by the urea to the ammonium sulfate is (2-3): 1; the particle size of the compound fertilizer is 3.4-4 mm.
2. The compound fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the water content of the compound fertilizer is 2-3%.
3. The process for preparing the compound fertilizer as claimed in claim 1 or 2, comprising the steps of:
1) mixing the urea, the ammonium sulfate and the potassium sulfate to obtain a mixture, adding water vapor into the mixture to enable the water content of the materials to be 8% -10%, and carrying out extrusion granulation to obtain wet granules;
2) and drying and sieving the wet particles, and collecting particles with the particle size of 3.4-4 mm to obtain the compound fertilizer.
4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the drying means includes baking; the initial drying temperature is 60-80 ℃; the drying termination temperature is 30-35 ℃.
5. Use of the compound fertilizer of claim 1 or 2 or the compound fertilizer obtained by the preparation method of claim 3 or 4 for promoting the growth of crops, increasing the yield of crops, improving the quality of crops, enhancing the resistance of crops or preventing insect pests of crops.
6. Use according to claim 5, wherein the crop comprises rice, maize, tomato, eggplant or pepper.
7. The use as claimed in claim 6, wherein, when the crop is rice, the application period of the compound fertilizer comprises a rice green turning period; the application amount of the compound fertilizer is 150-250 kg/hectare.
8. The use as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that, when the crop is maize, the application period of the compound fertilizer comprises the small flare period; the application amount of the compound fertilizer is 10-20 kg/mu.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202110266151.1A CN112939685A (en) | 2021-03-11 | 2021-03-11 | Compound fertilizer for topdressing and preparation method and application thereof |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202110266151.1A CN112939685A (en) | 2021-03-11 | 2021-03-11 | Compound fertilizer for topdressing and preparation method and application thereof |
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1067235A (en) * | 1991-05-28 | 1992-12-23 | 天津市津南化肥实验厂 | lawn fertilizer and production technique thereof |
| CN1541984A (en) * | 2003-11-07 | 2004-11-03 | 丁振全 | Effect increased urea by adding potassium and its preparation method |
| CN102826890A (en) * | 2012-09-21 | 2012-12-19 | 史丹利化肥股份有限公司 | Efficient polymorphous fertilizer special for vegetables and preparation method thereof |
| CN111792963A (en) * | 2020-07-20 | 2020-10-20 | 中国科学院南京土壤研究所 | Common quick-acting fertilizer-based one-time application large-grain fertilizer for field crops in whole growth period and preparation method and application thereof |
-
2021
- 2021-03-11 CN CN202110266151.1A patent/CN112939685A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1067235A (en) * | 1991-05-28 | 1992-12-23 | 天津市津南化肥实验厂 | lawn fertilizer and production technique thereof |
| CN1541984A (en) * | 2003-11-07 | 2004-11-03 | 丁振全 | Effect increased urea by adding potassium and its preparation method |
| CN102826890A (en) * | 2012-09-21 | 2012-12-19 | 史丹利化肥股份有限公司 | Efficient polymorphous fertilizer special for vegetables and preparation method thereof |
| CN111792963A (en) * | 2020-07-20 | 2020-10-20 | 中国科学院南京土壤研究所 | Common quick-acting fertilizer-based one-time application large-grain fertilizer for field crops in whole growth period and preparation method and application thereof |
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Application publication date: 20210611 |