CN111792963A - Common quick-acting fertilizer-based one-time application large-grain fertilizer for field crops in whole growth period and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Common quick-acting fertilizer-based one-time application large-grain fertilizer for field crops in whole growth period and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111792963A CN111792963A CN202010696951.2A CN202010696951A CN111792963A CN 111792963 A CN111792963 A CN 111792963A CN 202010696951 A CN202010696951 A CN 202010696951A CN 111792963 A CN111792963 A CN 111792963A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
- C05B1/02—Superphosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/30—Anti-agglomerating additives; Anti-solidifying additives
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/40—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting fertiliser dosage or release rate; for affecting solubility
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/10—Solid or semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. powders
- C05G5/12—Granules or flakes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
Abstract
The invention relates to a common quick-acting fertilizer-based one-time application large-grain fertilizer for field crops in the whole growth period, and a preparation method and application thereof, belonging to the technical field of fertilizers. The large-grain fertilizer comprises common quick-acting nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer, wherein the mass of the nitrogenous fertilizer, the phosphate fertilizer and the potash fertilizer is N, P2O5And K2The mass ratio of (20-40) to (4-15) is calculated by O; the mass of a single grain of the large-grain fertilizer is 1.5-8 g. The large-grained fertilizer provided by the invention does not need to be additionally added with various sustained and controlled release coating materials, nitrification inhibitors,The urease inhibitor or the synergist and the like are low in cost, free of pollution to the environment and high in fertilizer utilization rate, only need to be applied to soil which is 3-10 cm away from the horizontal distance of crop seeds/roots and 5-15 cm away from the soil surface once when the fertilizer is sown or transplanted along with crops, or applied in a chessboard-like spot mode, and no additional fertilizer is needed in the later period, so that the nutrient requirement of the crops in the whole growth period can be met.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fertilizers, in particular to a one-time application large-grained fertilizer based on a common quick-acting fertilizer for field crops in the whole growth period, and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
China is a big agricultural country with more people and less land, and although the fertilizer consumption is high, with the increase of population, in order to ensure the safety of national food and agricultural products, the crop yield per unit area still needs to be further improved, and the dependence on the fertilizer still increases. However, the utilization rate of the fertilizer is low in China at present, and the average utilization rate of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers of main grain crops is respectively lower than 30%, 15% and 30%, so that the total grain yield cannot be increased with the same range of fertilizer application, and adverse environmental effects such as water, atmosphere, soil and the like are also caused. Meanwhile, along with the development of urbanization, the labor resources in the young and the young in the rural areas are insufficient, and the cost is increased, so that the development of the fertilizer which is high in yield, high in efficiency, convenient to apply and reduced in application frequency is preferably realized by applying the fertilizer only once in the whole growth period, and the fertilizer is very important for the development of field planting industry with low yield-to-input ratio.
The research on high-yield and high-efficiency fertilizers is one of the research hotspots of the agricultural science and technology in China. There are many reports related to the prior art. Such as:
the CN103724062A patent discloses a large-particle inorganic coated fertilizer, which takes urea and a small amount of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer as a fertilizer core, uses phosphoric acid and calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer to wrap the outer surface of the fertilizer core, uses a high polymer resin material to carry out sealing treatment, and determines the nutrient release condition through the sealing times. The grain diameter is larger than 4mm, and the using amount of coating materials is reduced, so that the cost is reduced. The fertilizer efficiency can last for 50-60 days after the three times of sealing.
The patent application CN105732177A discloses a granular chemical fertilizer for crops, which is prepared by coating urea, sulfur powder, polyvinyl alcohol and phenylallylic acid alcohol ester on the surface of urea granules.
The patent application CN109608272A discloses a top dressing free fertilizer for field crop base application, which is prepared by mixing common urea, three kinds of resin coated urea with different release periods, granular diammonium phosphate, granular superphosphate, common potassium chloride, resin coated potassium chloride, trace element fertilizer and additives, and has better yield increasing effect on rice and wheat.
The patent application CN106365827A discloses a special fertilizer for super rice with synchronous nutrition, which consists of an internal fertilizer and an external fertilizer, wherein the internal fertilizer and the external fertilizer are separated by a slow release film, and the external fertilizer is coated with another slow release film.
The patent application CN107266269A discloses a disposable special fertilizer for rice and corn in the southwest region, which is prepared by adding urea formaldehyde, nitrification inhibitor, urease inhibitor, plant growth regulator and the like into urea, ammonium chloride, monoammonium phosphate, potassium chloride and the like.
The patent application CN108440054A discloses a fertilizer suitable for one-time fertilization of rice, which is prepared by mixing common urea, two kinds of resin-coated urea with different release periods, a granular phosphate fertilizer, common potassium chloride, resin-coated potassium chloride and a zinc fertilizer.
The patent CN110698253A and the patent CN110790617A respectively disclose a rice base fertilizer free of additional greening and tillering and a wheat base fertilizer free of additional greening and tillering, which are composed of granular urea, granular phosphate fertilizer, granular potassium chloride and granular zinc sulfate, and dicyandiamide is added as a nitrogen fertilizer synergist.
Although many types or uses of agricultural fertilizers have been developed in the prior art, these fertilizer compositions still have certain performance defects, such as the need to additionally add various coating materials or nitrogen fertilizer synergists to reduce the loss of nitrogen fertilizer and prolong the fertilizer efficiency, the complex process and the increased cost in the preparation process, and the used film materials can also bring pressure to the sustainable utilization of farmlands and the environment if the film materials are decomposed for a long time or not completely. The existing one-time fertilization method is only to intensively apply the fertilizer according to holes/points, so that the fertilization effect is generally better than that of conventional broadcasting or strip application, but the fertilizer utilization rate and the crop yield increasing effect are very unstable during field mechanized application.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a common quick-acting fertilizer-based one-time application granular fertilizer for field crops in the whole growth period, and a preparation method and application thereof. The large-grain fertilizer provided by the invention does not need to be additionally added with various sustained and controlled release coating materials, nitrification inhibitors, urease inhibitors or synergists and the like, has low cost, no pollution to the environment and high utilization rate, only needs to be applied once when being sowed or transplanted along with crops, does not need any additional fertilizer in the later period, and can meet the nutrient requirement of the crops in the whole growth period.
The invention provides a common quick-acting fertilizer-based large-grain fertilizer applied once in the whole growth period of field crops, wherein the large-grain fertilizer comprises common quick-acting nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer, and the mass of the nitrogenous fertilizer, the phosphate fertilizer and the potash fertilizer is N, P2O5And K2The mass ratio of (20-40) to (4-15) is calculated by O; the mass of a single grain of the large-grain fertilizer is 1.5-8 g.
Preferably, the mass of the nitrogenous fertilizer, the phosphate fertilizer and the potash fertilizer is N, P2O5And K2The mass ratio of O is (30-35): (5-8): 5-8); the mass of a single grain of the large-grain fertilizer is 2.5-4.5 g.
Preferably, the nitrogen fertilizer comprises one or more of urea, diammonium phosphate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, ammonium bicarbonate and ammonium phosphate nitrate.
Preferably, the phosphate fertilizer comprises one or more of diammonium phosphate, monoammonium phosphate, ordinary superphosphate, triple superphosphate and ammonium phosphate nitrate.
Preferably, the potash fertilizer includes potassium chloride and/or potassium sulfate.
Preferably, the mass of the large-grain fertilizer is taken as a reference, and the large-grain fertilizer further comprises one or more of 1.0-10.0% of silicon dioxide, 1.0-4.0% of calcium oxide, 0.5-2.0% of magnesium oxide, 0.01-0.3% of boron and 0.1-0.3% of zinc oxide according to the soil nutrient deficiency condition or the crop requirement.
Preferably, the large granulated fertilizer also can comprise a binder and/or an anti-caking agent.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the large-particle fertilizer, which comprises the following steps:
mixing nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer, stirring, granulating, sieving to remove scraps, and drying in the sun to obtain the large-grain fertilizer.
The invention also provides an application of the large granular fertilizer in the technical scheme or the large granular fertilizer obtained by the preparation method in the technical scheme in planting field crops, wherein the large granular fertilizer is applied to soil 3-10 cm away from crop seeds/root systems or rows where the crop seeds/root systems are located and 5-15 cm away from the soil surface.
Preferably, when the crops are sowed in holes or planted in holes, one fertilizer is applied to one hole, two fertilizers are applied to one hole, or one fertilizer is applied to both holes.
The invention provides a common quick-acting fertilizer-based one-time application of a large-grain fertilizer for field crops in the whole growth period. The large-grain fertilizer can overcome the defects that the common quick-acting fertilizer in the prior art has short fertilizer effect, needs to be applied by topdressing for many times or needs to be added with various additional materials such as a sustained-release membrane material or a nitrification inhibitor, a urease inhibitor, various synergists and the like, and can overcome the problems of uneven fertilization, unstable fertilizer effect, inconvenience for mechanized fertilization and the like in the prior art. The large-grain fertilizer of the invention can meet the nutrient requirement of the field crops in the whole growth period only by once application without any additional fertilizer, has low loss rate of the nitrogen fertilizer and high utilization rate of the nitrogen fertilizer nutrient, and has obvious income increase for the field crops compared with the conventional technology and the prior one-time hole application technology.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a common quick-acting fertilizer-based large-grain fertilizer applied once in the whole growth period of field crops, wherein the large-grain fertilizer comprises common quick-acting nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer, and the mass of the nitrogenous fertilizer, the phosphate fertilizer and the potash fertilizer is N, P2O5And K2The mass ratio of (20-40) to (4-15) in terms of O, and more preferably (30-35): (5-8): (5-8); the mass of a single grain of the large-grain fertilizer is 1.5-8 g, and more preferably 2.5-4.5 g. The formula proportion and the single grain weight range of the large-grain fertilizer can ensure the nutrient requirement of crops in the whole growth periodRatio and demand.
The present invention is not particularly limited in the kind of the crop, and a field crop known to those skilled in the art may be used. In the present invention, the term "full-growth period" refers to the entire period from the beginning of transplanting seedlings into a field to the time of complete maturity for harvesting, for field transplanted crops such as rice, rape, etc.; for direct-seeded crops, such as wheat, corn, direct-seeded oilseed rape, and the like, the entire period from when the seed is sown into the soil to when it is fully mature can be harvested.
The fertilizer can overcome the defects that the common quick-acting fertilizer has short fertilizer effect, needs to be applied by topdressing for many times or needs to be added with various additional materials such as a sustained-release membrane material or a nitrification inhibitor, a urease inhibitor, various synergists and the like in the prior art, and the problems of uneven fertilization, unstable fertilizer effect, inconvenience for mechanized fertilization and the like in the prior art, the field crops based on the common quick-acting fertilizer are applied by one time (ultra) in the whole growth period, the soil and fertilizer interface is obviously reduced after the fertilizer is applied to soil, the micro-domain effect of the fertilizer is more obvious, the slow release of the fertilizer is increased, the root-coated fertilizer state is favorably formed, the fertilizer loss rate can be greatly reduced, the fertilizer application by means of machines is more uniform, the fertilizer application amount of each point/hole is completely consistent, the fertilizer is applied by one time without any topdressing, the nutrient requirement of the field crops in the whole growth period can be met, and the fertilizer utilization rate and the yield increasing effect of the field crops can be ensured when the, and the effect is stable.
The sources of the nitrogenous fertilizer, the phosphate fertilizer and the potash fertilizer are not specially limited, and the conventional common quick-acting nitrogenous, phosphate and potash fertilizer well known by the technical personnel in the field can be adopted. The large-particle fertilizer is not added with any sustained-release membrane material or nitrification inhibitor, urease inhibitor, various synergists and the like. In the invention, the nitrogen fertilizer comprises one or more of common quick-acting nitrogen fertilizers such as urea, diammonium hydrogen phosphate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium phosphate nitrate and the like. In the invention, the phosphate fertilizer comprises one or more of common quick-acting phosphate fertilizers such as diammonium hydrogen phosphate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, common superphosphate, triple superphosphate, ammonium phosphate nitrate and the like. In the invention, the potash fertilizer comprises one or more of potassium chloride and/or potassium sulfate and other common quick-acting potash fertilizers.
In the invention, the large-particle fertilizer preferably further comprises elements which need to be supplemented for soil (or crops) with insufficient trace or beneficial elements, for example, in the invention, the large-particle fertilizer preferably further comprises one or more of 1.0-10.0% of silicon dioxide, 1.0-4.0% of calcium oxide, 0.5-2.0% of magnesium oxide, 0.01-0.3% of boron and 0.1-0.3% of zinc oxide in percentage by mass based on the mass of the large-particle fertilizer. When the soil is not deficient in the above elements, the above elements may not be added to the granulated fertilizer.
The shape of the large-particle fertilizer is not specially limited, and the large-particle fertilizer can be spherical, cylindrical, elliptical, rhombic and other shapes which are convenient to granulate or apply. In the invention, the large granulated fertilizer can also comprise a binder and/or an anti-caking agent. The invention can be added with a small amount of conventional binder to improve the physical strength or added with a small amount of anti-caking agent or moisture-proof agent and other materials to improve the storage and transportation performance of the large-particle fertilizer.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the large-particle fertilizer, which comprises the following steps:
mixing nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer, stirring, granulating, sieving to remove scraps, and drying in the sun to obtain the large-grain fertilizer.
The method of mixing is not particularly limited in the present invention, and the mixing may be performed by a conventional mixer well known to those skilled in the art. The granulation method is not particularly limited, and the granulation can be performed by a conventional granulator known to those skilled in the art, such as a counter-pressing machine with grooves or a melting method. After granulation, the formed large granular fertilizer is preferably screened, chippings are removed, subpackaged and dried in the sun as necessary to obtain a large granular fertilizer product. The large-particle fertilizer disclosed by the invention preferably has certain strength, and is not easy to break in transportation and deliquesce in storage. The mixing and stirring in the preparation method and the screening of the granulated and formed products ensure the uniform degree of nutrients in each fertilizer, and the requirement on the strength of the fertilizer granules of the large-granule fertilizer ensures the formation and the persistence of the fertilizer micro-domain after the large-granule fertilizer is applied to the soil, which is the key point of slow release and long effectiveness of the large-granule fertilizer and ensures that the large-granule fertilizer is not easy to break in transportation.
The invention also provides an application of the large granular fertilizer in the technical scheme or the large granular fertilizer obtained by the preparation method in the technical scheme in planting field crops, wherein the large granular fertilizer is applied to soil 3-10 cm away from crop seeds/root systems or rows where the crop seeds/root systems are located and 5-15 cm away from the soil surface. In the present invention, the crops preferably include rape, wheat, rice, corn which are directly sown or transplanted into a field. The time for applying the large-grain fertilizer is preferably the same as the time for sowing or transplanting the crops. Specifically, for the crops subjected to hole sowing or hole planting, the large-grain fertilizer is preferably placed at a depth which is 3-10 cm away from the seeds/root systems of the crops and 5-15 cm away from the soil surface, and the method can be carried out simultaneously by matching a transplanting machine with a mode of applying one grain of fertilizer in one hole of seedlings/vegetable seedlings, or applying two grains of fertilizer in one hole of seedlings/vegetable seedlings, or applying one grain of fertilizer in multiple holes of seedlings/vegetable seedlings; for the crops sowed in a drill way (planted), the large-grain fertilizer is preferably placed 3-6 cm away from the row where the seeds/roots of the crops are located and 5-10 cm away from the soil surface; for broadcast sowing crops, after plowing and field preparation, large-grain fertilizers are applied in points similar to a chessboard, the distance between the fertilizer application points is preferably 12-22 cm, and then seeds are covered with soil and broadcast sowed. According to the invention, the application position of the large granular fertilizer is regulated, so that the crop root system can absorb nutrients after the large granular fertilizer is applied, but the concentration of the released nutrients can not burn seeds and root tips.
The invention applies the fertilizer in a centralized way by using large-grain fertilizer to artificially form the inter-fertilizer micro-domain, and the inter-fertilizer micro-domain effect is further strengthened, so that the common quick-acting fertilizer has larger slow-release performance. The invention can greatly reduce the nutrient loss and greatly improve the utilization rate of the fertilizer, and the (ultra) large-grain fertilizer is applied once when being sowed or transplanted along with the crops, and does not need any additional fertilizer in the later period, thereby meeting the nutrient requirement of the crops in the whole growth period. The fertilizer is based on common quick-acting fertilizers, does not add any sustained-release membrane materials or nitrification inhibitors, urease inhibitors, various synergists and the like, can meet the nutrient requirement of field crops in the whole growth period by only one-time application, and has the advantages of labor saving, high utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer, environmental friendliness and excellent yield and income increasing effect.
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments, and technical solutions of the present invention include, but are not limited to, the following embodiments.
Example 1
A single-application (super) granular fertilizer based on ordinary quick-acting fertilizer for field crops in whole growth period has the mass of respectively N, P for N fertilizer, P fertilizer and K fertilizer2O5And K2O meter, comprising: n29%, P2O511％，K2O12 percent, and the balance of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and the like brought by the formulated fertilizer prepared by the simple substance fertilizer. The above elements are provided by the following substances, N: urea; p2O5: diammonium phosphate; k2O: potassium chloride.
The amount of the actual fertilizer converted into the commercial fertilizer is as follows (calculated by 10000 (per production) of field crops based on common quick-acting fertilizer and applied (super) fertilizer once in the whole growth period):
15.6kg of urea;
7.8kg of diammonium hydrogen phosphate;
5.6kg of potassium chloride.
The commercial fertilizer is uniformly mixed, ground into powder and extruded and formed by a tablet press, and the field crop based on the common quick-acting fertilizer prepared in the embodiment is spherical in one-time application (super) large-particle fertilizer in the whole growth period, wherein the mass of a single particle is 2.9g, and the diameter is 13 mm.
Example 2
A (super) granular fertilizer based on ordinary quick-acting fertilizer for field crops is prepared from urea through preparing urea, and applying the fertilizer in one step15And N marks commercial urea.
Example 3
Quality of once-applied (super) large-grain fertilizer, nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer in field crop whole growth period based on common quick-acting fertilizerRespectively at N, P2O5And K2O meter, comprising: n33%, P2O56％，K2O6%, and 0.3% of zinc (ZnO) and the balance of sulfur, carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and the like brought by the formulated fertilizer prepared from the simple substance fertilizer. The above elements are provided by the following substances, N: urea, ammonium sulfate, diammonium phosphate; p2O5: diammonium phosphate; k2O: potassium chloride; ZnO: zinc sulfate.
The amount of the actual substances of the fertilizer converted into the commodity is respectively as follows (calculated by one application (super) large-grain fertilizer per 10000 field crops produced based on the common quick-acting fertilizer in the whole growth period):
the commercial fertilizer is stirred and uniformly mixed, and is extruded and formed by a tablet press, and the field crop prepared in the embodiment based on the common quick-acting fertilizer is cylindrical after being applied with (super) large-particle fertilizer once in the whole growth period. The single grain mass was 1.7g, diameter 13mm, height 7 mm.
Example 4
A single-application (super) granular fertilizer based on ordinary quick-acting fertilizer for field crops in whole growth period has the mass of respectively N, P for N fertilizer, P fertilizer and K fertilizer2O5And K2O meter, comprising: n32%, P2O58％，K2O5%, and 0.2% of boron (B) and the balance of sulfur, carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and the like brought by the formulated fertilizer prepared from the simple substance fertilizer. The above elements are provided by the following substances, N: urea, ammonium sulfate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate; p2O5: ammonium dihydrogen phosphate; k2O: potassium chloride, potassium sulfate; b: borax.
The amount of the actual substances of the fertilizer converted into the commodity is respectively as follows (calculated by one application (super) large-grain fertilizer per 10000 field crops produced based on the common quick-acting fertilizer in the whole growth period):
the commercial fertilizer is stirred and mixed evenly, and is extruded and formed by a tablet press, and the field crop based on the common quick-acting fertilizer prepared in the embodiment is oblate-shaped by applying (super) large-particle fertilizer once in the whole growth period. The single grain mass is 4.2g, the sphere diameter is 20mm, and the thickness is 14 mm.
Test example 1
The field crop based on the common quick-acting fertilizer prepared in the example 1 is applied with (ultra) large-grained fertilizer once in the whole growth period for field in-situ test, and after 90 days, the content of ammonium nitrogen in soil at a position 6cm away from the large-grained fertilizer application point is about 385 mg/kg.
Comparative example 1:
the fertilizer is common quick-acting urea, diammonium hydrogen phosphate and potassium chloride fertilizer which are equal to those used for preparing the large-grained fertilizer in the example 1, the fertilizer is stirred and mixed, the fertilizer is uniformly spread on the soil surface at one time, and after 90 days, the content of ammonium nitrogen in the soil is about 12mg/kg at a depth of 6cm from the soil surface.
Comparative example 2:
the fertilizer used was the same as in comparative example 1, mixed with stirring, hole-applied once, and the soil had an ammonium nitrogen content of about 118mg/kg at a distance of about 6cm from the center of hole application after 90 days.
The comparative experiment shows that the large-particle fertilizer has a good slow release effect.
Test example 2
The field crop based on the common quick-acting fertilizer prepared in the example 2 is applied with (ultra) large granular fertilizer once in the whole growth period to carry out a field test of rice (variety Nanjing 9108). Simultaneously setting the same amount of urea (B) as that used for preparing the large granular fertilizer in the example 215N-labelled urea), diammonium phosphate, potassium chloride fertilizer mixed, broadcast (comparative example 3) and hole (comparative example 4) comparative tests. Wherein the large-grain fertilizer is placed at a position which is 3cm away from the root system of the rice seedling and 6cm away from the soil surface at one time, and additional fertilizer is not applied at the later stage; the comparative example 3 is a conventional method for farmers, wherein 40 percent of all nitrogen fertilizers and all phosphorus potassium fertilizers are broadcast together to be used as base fertilizers, and the rest 30 percent of each nitrogen fertilizer is respectively applied as tillering fertilizers and spike fertilizers; the comparative example 4 is that all nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are mixed and then are subjected to one-time hole application at a position which is about 3cm away from the root system of the rice seedling and about 6cm away from the soil surface, and no additional fertilizer is applied in the later period.
The rice yield of the large grain fertilizer prepared in the embodiment 2 can reach 11.5t/ha,the yield of the product is increased by 47.4% in comparison with 3 and 21.1% in comparison with 4 (Table 1). By passing15N labelling (see literature: "Mary B., Recous S., and Robin D.1998.model for calculating reagent in soil using)15N trapping, SoilBiol, biochem.30(14): 1963-; the literature: "Liu De Lin, Nee Jun, Xiao Jian.2002.15N marks the research of the rice controlled release nitrogen fertilizer on improving the utilization rate of nitrogen, the report of laser biology 11(2) 87-92 "; and the literature: "Zhang j., Zhu t., Cai z., Qin s., Muller c.2012.effects of long-term repeat minor and organic fertilizer applications on soil nitrogen transformation, eur.j.soil sci.63: 75-85") measured a nitrogen fertilizer loss rate of about 21.5% for the treatment of the bulk fertilizer, the nitrogen utilization rate provided by the fertilizer was 56.1%, while the nitrogen fertilizer loss rates for the treatments of comparative examples 3 and 4 were 63.1% and 45.7%, respectively, and the nitrogen utilization rate of the fertilizer was 11.1% and 32.5%. The application of the large-particle fertilizer can increase the utilization rate of the applied fertilizer, and in the efficient and clean production of agriculture, only the nutrient amount required by the growth of crops is input, and the fertilizer is not exhausted blindly or the soil is fertilized, so that the fertilizer is an ideal fertilizer application concept.
Test example 3
The field crop based on the common quick-acting fertilizer prepared in example 3 is applied with (super) large-grain fertilizer once in the whole growth period, and field demonstration of wheat (variety is Huai Mai 20) is carried out. Meanwhile, a comparative test of the broadcast application (comparative example 5) and the hole application (comparative example 6) after mixing urea, ammonium sulfate, diammonium phosphate, potassium chloride and zinc sulfate fertilizers which are equal to those used for preparing the large-grain fertilizer in the example 3 is set. After soil preparation, placing the large-grain fertilizer of the embodiment 3 in a depth of 5-8 cm from the soil surface by a fertilizer applicator according to a fertilizer distance of 15cm multiplied by 15cm, and then broadcasting wheat seeds without topdressing in the later period; comparative example 5 is a conventional method for farmers, and 40 percent of all nitrogen fertilizers and all phosphorus, potassium and zinc fertilizers are broadcast together along with the whole land for use as base fertilizers, and the rest 30 percent of nitrogen fertilizers are respectively applied as tillering fertilizers and jointing-removing and spike-pregnancy fertilizers; and in the comparative example 6, all the nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and zinc fertilizers are mixed and then are subjected to one-time hole application at a depth of 5-8 cm from the soil surface by a fertilizer applicator according to the fertilizer distance of about 15cm multiplied by 15cm, and no additional fertilizer is applied at the later stage.
The large-particle fertilizer prepared in example 3 is distributed uniformly in the field, the yield can reach 7.4t/ha on average, and the yield is increased by 32.6% and 13.2% respectively compared with those of comparative examples 5 and 6 (Table 1).
Test example 4
The field crop full-growth period once-applied (super) large-grain fertilizer based on the common quick-acting fertilizer prepared in example 4 was applied in the season of rape (variety Ningza 1818), and at the same time, the comparative tests of the broadcast application (comparative example 7) and the hole application (comparative example 8) after mixing urea, ammonium sulfate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium chloride, potassium sulfate fertilizer and borax in the same amount as that used for preparing the large-grain fertilizer of example 4 were set. Wherein the application of the large-particle fertilizer comprises the following steps: fertilizing furrows are arranged in the field, rape seedlings are transplanted, the fertilizing furrows deviate from rape rows by 5cm and are 10cm deep, large-grain fertilizers are placed in the furrows at intervals of about 20cm through a fertilizer applicator and are covered with soil, and no additional fertilizer is applied in the later period; comparative example 7 is a conventional method for farmers, wherein 60% of all nitrogen fertilizers and all phosphorus, potassium and boron fertilizers are broadcast as base fertilizers when soil preparation is carried out, and the rest 40% of nitrogen fertilizers are broadcast as bolt fertilizers; and in the comparative example 8, all the nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and boron fertilizers are mixed and are subjected to hole application in the fertilizing ditch at one time, and the hole distance is about 20 cm.
The yield of the rape treated by the large grain fertilizer prepared in the example 4 reaches 4.9t/ha, and is increased by 53.9 percent and 19.2 percent respectively compared with the yield of the rape treated by the comparative examples 7 and 8 (Table 1).
TABLE 1 influence of one-time application of (ultra) large-grain fertilizer to increase yield and income of rice, wheat and rape planting in whole growth period of field crop based on common quick-acting fertilizer
Note:
comparative examples 3 and 4 are the same fertilizers as used in preparation example 2, both in type and mass; comparative examples 5 and 6 are the same fertilizers as used in preparation example 3, and are of the same type and quality; comparative examples 7 and 8 are the same fertilizers as used in preparation example 4, and are of the same type and quality. Comparative examples 3, 5 and 7 are applied by a conventional farmer-based topdressing method, and comparative examples 4, 6 and 8 are the existing one-time hole application technology.
Increase in this table refers only to increased kernel yield.
Rice was topdressed 2 times, each time according to 150RMB/ha, wheat was topdressed 2 times, each time according to 120RMB/ha, rape was topdressed 1 time, according to 120 RMB/ha.
Price of rice seeds is calculated according to 2.9 yuan/kg, price of wheat seeds is calculated according to 2.5 yuan/kg, and price of rape seeds is calculated according to 5.0 yuan/kg.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The method is characterized in that the mass of the nitrogenous fertilizer, the phosphate fertilizer and the potash fertilizer is N, P respectively2O5And K2The mass ratio of (20-40) to (4-15) is calculated by O; the mass of a single grain of the large-grain fertilizer is 1.5-8 g.
2. The large-grain fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein the mass of the nitrogenous fertilizer, the phosphate fertilizer and the potash fertilizer is N, P2O5And K2The mass ratio of O is (30-35): (5-8): 5-8); the mass of a single grain of the large-grain fertilizer is 2.5-4.5 g.
3. The large particle fertilizer of claim 1, wherein the nitrogen fertilizer comprises one or more of urea, diammonium phosphate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, ammonium bicarbonate, and ammonium phosphate nitrate.
4. The large grain fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein the phosphate fertilizer comprises one or more of diammonium phosphate, monoammonium phosphate, ordinary superphosphate, triple superphosphate and ammonium phosphate nitrate.
5. The large grain fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein the potash fertilizer comprises potassium chloride and/or potassium sulfate.
6. The large granular fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that the large granular fertilizer further comprises one or more of 1.0-10.0% by mass of silicon dioxide, 1.0-4.0% by mass of calcium oxide, 0.5-2.0% by mass of magnesium oxide, 0.01-0.3% by mass of boron and 0.1-0.3% by mass of zinc oxide according to the condition of soil nutrient deficiency or crop requirements based on the mass of the large granular fertilizer.
7. The large particle fertilizer of claim 1, further comprising a binder and/or an anti-caking agent.
8. A process for the preparation of a large grain fertilizer as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7 comprising the steps of:
mixing nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer, stirring, granulating, sieving to remove scraps, and drying in the sun to obtain the large-grain fertilizer.
9. The use of the large-particle fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 7 or obtained by the preparation method according to claim 8 for planting field crops, wherein the large-particle fertilizer is applied to soil 3 to 10cm from the seeds/roots of the crops or the rows where the seeds/roots of the crops are located and 5 to 15cm from the soil surface.
10. The use according to claim 9, wherein when the crop is hole-sown or hole-planted, one fertilizer is applied to one hole, two fertilizers are applied to one hole, or one fertilizer is applied to both holes.
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| CN202010696951.2A CN111792963A (en) | 2020-07-20 | 2020-07-20 | Common quick-acting fertilizer-based one-time application large-grain fertilizer for field crops in whole growth period and preparation method and application thereof |
| JP2021543325A JP2022552030A (en) | 2020-07-20 | 2020-10-22 | Large grain fertilizer applied at once during the entire growing season of field crops based on ordinary fast-acting fertilizer, and its production method and application |
| PCT/CN2020/122739 WO2022016715A1 (en) | 2020-07-20 | 2020-10-22 | Large-granule fertilizer based on common quick-acting fertilizer and applied once during whole growth period of field crop, and preparation method therefor and use thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112939685A (en) * | 2021-03-11 | 2021-06-11 | 沣田宝农业科技有限公司 | Compound fertilizer for topdressing and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN113336605A (en) * | 2021-06-21 | 2021-09-03 | 中国科学院南京土壤研究所 | Honeysuckle flower annual fertilizer and preparation method thereof and honeysuckle flower fertilizing method |
| WO2022016715A1 (en) * | 2020-07-20 | 2022-01-27 | 中国科学院南京土壤研究所 | Large-granule fertilizer based on common quick-acting fertilizer and applied once during whole growth period of field crop, and preparation method therefor and use thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115380786B (en) * | 2022-10-29 | 2023-03-17 | 云南省农业科学院粮食作物研究所 | Planting method for increasing flavor of Yujing No. 37 rice |
| CN115606383B (en) * | 2022-11-10 | 2023-10-20 | 南京农业大学 | Method for determining stepwise accurate combined fertilization of nitrogen-phosphorus compound fertilizer and single fertilizer and application |
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