AU2021105204A4 - Large-granule fertilizer applied once in whole growth period of field crops based on ordinary fast-release fertilizer, preparation method and use thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

OF THE DISCLOSURE The disclosure relates to a large-granule fertilizer applied once in whole growth period of a field crop based on an ordinary fast-release fertilizer and a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the field of fertilizer technology. The large-granule fertilizer includes an ordinary fast-release nitrogen fertilizer, an ordinary fast-release phosphate fertilizer and an ordinary fast-release potassium fertilizer, a mass of the nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer are respectively calculated by N, P2 0 5 and K20, a mass ratio is (20-40): (4-15): (4-15); and a single-granule weight of the large-granule fertilizer is 1.5-8g. The large-granule fertilizer provided does not require additional kinds of slow or controlled release coating materials, nitrification inhibitors, urease inhibitors or synergists, etc., with low cost and no environmental pollution impact, and high fertilizer use efficiency. It only needs to be applied to the seed/roots zone of the crop at one time when the crop is sowed or transplanted in the soil with a horizontal distance of 3-10cm from seed/roots zone and a depth of 5-15cm from the soil surface, or applied in a similar checkerboard style, with no need for any top dressing in the later stage, which can meet the nutrient needs of the whole growth period. 16

Description

LARGE-GRANULE FERTILIZER APPLIED ONCE IN WHOLE GROWTH PERIOD OF FIELD CROPS BASED ON ORDINARY FAST-RELEASE FERTILIZER, PREPARATION METHOD AND USE THEREOF TECHNICAL FIELD

[01] The disclosure relates to the technical field of fertilizers, in particular to a large-granule fertilizer applied once in whole growth period of a field crop based on an ordinary fast-release fertilizer, and a preparation method and use thereof.

BACKGROUNDART

[02] China is a large agricultural country with more population and less land. Although the chemical fertilizer is already highly used, with the increase of the population, in order to ensure the safety of national food, the yield of crops per unit area still needs to be further increased, and the dependence on chemical fertilizers will still increase. However, the current use efficiency of chemical fertilizers in China is low. The average use efficiency of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers for main food crops is lower than 30%, 15%, and 30% respectively. As a result, the total grain output cannot increase at the same rate as the fertilization, and it also causes adverse environmental impacts on water bodies, atmosphere, and soil. At the same time, with the development of urbanization, the rural young and middle-aged labor resources are insufficient and the cost of labor is also increasing. Therefore, the research and development of fertilizers that are high-yield, high-efficiency, easy-to-apply, and application frequency reducing, preferably only one-time application in the whole growth period, is crucial for the development of field production with low output/input ratio.

[03] The research on high-yield and high-efficiency fertilizers has always been one of the hotspots of agricultural science and technology in China. There have been many related reports in the prior art. For examples:

[04] Chinese patent application CN103724062A discloses a large-grain inorganic coated fertilizer, which uses urea and a small amount of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer as a fertilizer core, and uses phosphoric acid and calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer to wrap the surface of the fertilizer core. The polymer resin material is used for sealing treatment, and the nutrient release is determined by the number of sealings. The particle size is greater than 4mm, reducing the amount of coating materials, thereby reducing costs. The fertilizer efficiency can last for 50-60 days after three times of sealing.

[05] Chinese patent application CN105732177A discloses a granular crop fertilizer, which is coated with urea, sulfur powder, polyvinyl alcohol, and phenylacrylate, and sprayed on the surface of urea particles.

[06] Chinese patent application CN109608272A discloses a field crop basal fertilizer without top dressing, which is prepared by mixing ordinary urea, three resin-coated urea with different release periods, granular diammonium phosphate, granular superphosphate, ordinary potassium chloride, resin-coated potassium chloride, micro-fertilizers and additives, and has a good yield-increasing effect on rice and wheat.

[07] Chinese patent application CN106365827A discloses a special fertilizer for super rice providing synchronous nutrition, which is composed of an inner fertilizer and an outer fertilizer. The inner and outer fertilizers are separated by a slow-release film, and the outer fertilizer is wrapped with another slow-release film.

[08] Chinese patent application CN107266269A discloses a one-time special fertilizer for rice and corn in Southwest China, which is made of urea, ammonium chloride, monoammonium phosphate, potassium chloride, etc., added with urea formaldehyde, nitrification inhibitor, urease inhibitor, and plant growth regulator, etc.

[09] Chinese patent application CN108440054A discloses a one-time fertilizer for rice, which is made by mixing ordinary urea, two resin-coated urea with different release periods, granular phosphate fertilizer, ordinary potassium chloride, resin-coated potassium chloride and zinc fertilizer.

[10] Chinese patent application CN110698253A and CN110790617A respectively discloses a rice basal fertilizer without top-dressing at reviving stage and tilling stage and a wheat basal fertilizer without top-dressing at reviving stage and tilling stage, which are composed of granular urea, granular phosphate fertilizer, granular potassium chloride and granular zinc sulfate, and adding dicyandiamide as a nitrogen fertilizer synergist.

[11] Although existing studies have developed various types or uses of agricultural fertilizers, these fertilizer compositions still have certain performance defects. For example, it is necessary to add various coating materials or nitrogen fertilizer synergists to reduce nitrogen fertilizer loss and extend fertilizer efficiency, and the complex process in the preparation also increases the cost. If the membrane material used has a long decomposition period or incomplete decomposition, it will also bring pressure on the sustainable use of farmland and the environment. The essence of the existing one-time fertilization method is only to pool fertilizers intensively in the hole/point. Although the fertilization effect is generally better than that of conventional broadcast application or strip application, the fertilizer use efficiency and the crop yield increase effect is very unstable.

SUMMARY

[12] The objective of the present disclosure is to provide a large-granule fertilizer applied once in whole growth period of a field crop based on an ordinary fast-release fertilizer, and a preparation method and use thereof. There is no need to add various slow or controlled release coating materials, nitrification inhibitors, urease inhibitors or synergists, etc., to the large-granule fertilizer provided by the present disclosure. The fertilizer has low cost, no pollution to the environment, and high fertilizer use efficiency, and only needs to be applied once when the crop is planted or transplanted, and no topdressing is needed in the later stage, which can meet the nutrient requirements of the whole growth period of the crops.

[13] The present disclosure provides a large-granule fertilizer applied once in whole growth period of a field crop, based on an ordinary fast-release fertilizer. The large-granule fertilizer includes an ordinary fast-release nitrogen fertilizer, an ordinary fast-release phosphate fertilizer and an ordinary fast-release potassium fertilizer, wherein a mass of the nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer are respectively calculated by N, P2 0 5 and K20, a mass ratio is (20-40): (4-15): (4-15). And a single-granule weight of the large-granule fertilizer is 1.5-8g.

[14] In some embodiment, the mass ratio of the nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer, calculated as N, P 2 0 5 and K20, respectively, is (30-35): (5-8): (5-8). The single-granule weight of the large-granule fertilizer is 2.5-4.5g.

[15] In some embodiment, the nitrogen fertilizer may comprise one or more selected from the group consisting of urea, diammonium phosphate, monoammonium phosphate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, ammonium bicarbonate, and ammonium phosphor nitrate.

[16] In some embodiment, the phosphate fertilizer may comprise one or more selected from the group consisting of diammonium phosphate, monoammonium phosphate, ordinary superphosphate, concentrated superphosphate and ammonium phosphor nitrate.

[17] In some embodiment, the potassium fertilizer may comprise potassium chloride and/or potassium sulfate.

[18] In some embodiment, based on the mass of the large-granule fertilizer, according to the lack of nutrients in the soil or crop needs, the large-granule fertilizer may further include one or more selected from the group consisting of 1.0%-10.0% by mass percentage of silicon dioxide, 1.0%-4.0% by mass percentage of calcium oxide, 0.5% 2.0% by mass percentage of magnesium oxide, 0.01%-0.3% by mass percentage of boron, and 0.1%-0.3% by mass percentage of zinc oxide.

[19] In some embodiment, the large-granule fertilizer may possibly further comprise a binder and/or an anti-caking agent.

[20] The present disclosure also provides a method for preparing the large-granule fertilizer in above technical solution, comprising the following steps:

[21] mixing a nitrogen fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer and a potassium fertilizer, stirring, granulating, sieving to remove debris, and drying to obtain a large-granule fertilizer.

[22] The present disclosure also provides a use of the large-granule fertilizer in above technical solution or the large-granule fertilizer obtained by the preparation method in above technical solution in planting field crops. The large-granule fertilizer is applied into the soil at 3-10cm from the seed/roots of the crop or its row, and a depth of 5-15cm from the soil surface.

[23] Preferably, when the crops are sowed in a hole or planted in a hole, one fertilizer granule may be applied to one hole, or two granules may be applied to one hole, or one granule may be shared by two holes of seed or plant.

[24] The disclosure provides a large-granule fertilizer applied once in whole growth period of field crops based on ordinary fast-release fertilizer. The large-granule fertilizer of the present disclosure may overcome the short-time fertilizer effect of ordinary fast-release fertilizers in the prior art, the need for multiple topdressing or the need to add slow or controlled release membrane materials or nitrification inhibitors, urease inhibitors, various synergists and other various additional materials. It may also overcome the problems of uneven fertilization, unstable fertilizer effect, and unfavorable mechanized fertilization in the prior art. Compared with the existing technology, the large-granule fertilizer applied once in whole growth period of field crops based on an ordinary fast-release fertilizer has an obvious slow-release effect, significantly increases the uptake of nitrogen provided by the fertilizer by the crop, increases the yield by more than 30% compared with the conventional technology with the same fertilizer amount, and increases the yield by more than 10% compared with the existing one-time hole application technology with the same fertilizer amount. The large-granule fertilizer of the present disclosure can meet the nutrient requirements of field crops during the whole growth period with only one application without any topdressing, the loss rate of nitrogen fertilizer is low and the nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency is high. Compared with the conventional technology and the existing one-time hole application technology, it may significantly increase the profit of field crops production.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[25] The present disclosure provides a large-granule fertilizer applied once in whole growth period of a field crop based on an ordinary fast-release fertilizer. The large-granule fertilizer includes an ordinary fast-release nitrogen fertilizer, an ordinary fast-release phosphate fertilizer and an ordinary fast-release potassium fertilizer. The mass of the nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer are respectively calculated by N, P2 0 5 and K20, the mass ratio is (20-40): (4-15): (4-15), preferably (30-35): (5-8): (5-8); and the single-granule weight of the large-granule fertilizer is 1.5-8g, preferably 2.5-4.5g. The formula ratio and single-granule weight range of the large-granule fertilizer of the present disclosure can ensure the nutrient demand amount and ratio during the whole growth period of the crop.

[26] The present disclosure does not specifically limit the types of crops, and field crops well known to those skilled in the art can be used. In the present disclosure, the term "whole growth period", for field transplanted crops, such as rice, rape, etc., refers to the entire period from the beginning of transplanting into the field to fully mature and ready for harvest; for direct seeding crops, such as wheat, corn, direct seeding of rape, etc., refers to the entire period from when the seeds are sowed into the soil to when they are fully mature and ready for harvest.

[27] The large-granule fertilizer of the present disclosure may overcome the short-time fertilizer effect of ordinary fast-release fertilizers in the prior art, the need for multiple topdressing or the need to add slow or controlled release membrane materials or nitrification inhibitors, urease inhibitors, various synergists and other various additional materials, and the disadvantages of the prior art, such as uneven fertilization, unstable fertilizer efficiency, and unfavorable mechanized fertilization. After the large-granule fertilizer of the present disclosure is applied to the soil, the soil-fertilizer interface is significantly reduced, the effect of soil-fertilizer micro zone is more obvious, the slow-release effect of fertilizers is increased, which is conducive to the formation of a "root-wrapping-fertilizer" state, which may greatly reduce the fertilizer loss rate, and may be applied more uniformly with machinery, and the fertilizer amount of each point/hole is exactly the same. Only one application without any top dressing may meet the nutrient requirements of field crops during the whole growth period, and ensure the high fertilizer use efficiency and yield increase effect.

[28] In the present disclosure, the sources of the nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer are not particularly limited, and conventional fast-release nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers well known to those skilled in the art can be used. The large-granule fertilizer of the present disclosure does not add any slow or controlled release membrane materials or nitrification inhibitors, urease inhibitors, various synergists and the like. In the present disclosure, the nitrogen fertilizer includes one or more ordinary fast-release nitrogen fertilizers such as urea, diammonium phosphate,monoammonium phosphate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, ammonium bicarbonate, and ammonium phosphor nitrate. In the present disclosure, the phosphate fertilizer includes one or more of ordinary fast-release phosphate fertilizers such as diammonium phosphate, monoammonium phosphate, ordinary superphosphate, concentrated superphosphate, and ammonium phosphor nitrate. In the present disclosure, the potassium fertilizer includes one or more of potassium chloride and/or potassium sulfate and other ordinary fast-release potassium fertilizers.

[29] In the present disclosure, the large-granule fertilizer preferably also includes elements that need to be supplemented in soil (or crops) that are insufficient in specific medium and trace elements or beneficial elements. For example, in the present disclosure, based on the mass of the large-granule fertilizer, the large-granule fertilizer preferably also includes: 1.0%-10.0% by mass percentage of silicon dioxide, 1.0% 4 .0% by mass percentage of calcium oxide, 0. 5 %-2 .0% by mass percentage of magnesium oxide, 0.01%-0. 3 % by mass percentage of boron and 0.1%-0. 3 % by mass percentage of oxide zinc. When the above-mentioned elements are not lacking in the soil, the above-mentioned elements may not be added to the large-granule fertilizer.

[30] The present disclosure does not specifically limit the shape of the large-granule fertilizer, and any shape that is convenient for granulation or application such as spherical, cylindrical, elliptical, and rhombic, etc., can be used. In the present disclosure, a small amount of conventional binder can be added to improve physical strength or a small amount of anti-caking agent or moisture-proof agent and other materials can be added to improve the storage and transportation performance of large-granule fertilizer.

[31] The present disclosure also provides a method for preparing the large-granule fertilizer described in the above technical solution, which includes the following steps:

[32] mixing a nitrogen fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer and a potassium fertilizer, stirring, granulating, sieving to remove debris, and drying to obtain a large-granule fertilizer.

[33] The present disclosure does not specifically limit the mixing method, and a conventional mixer well known to those skilled in the art can be used for mixing. The present disclosure does not specifically limit the granulation method, and it is sufficient to use a conventional granulator known to those skilled in the art for granulation, such as a grooved counter-press or melting method and other common granulation methods. After the granulation, the present disclosure preferably screens the formed large-granule fertilizer, removes the debris, divides it, and performs necessary drying to obtain the large-granule fertilizer product. The large-granule fertilizer of the present disclosure preferably has a certain strength, and must not be easily broken during transportation and not easily deliquescent during storage. The mixing and stirring in the preparation method of the present disclosure and the screening of the granulated shaped products ensure the uniformity of the nutrients in each fertilizer granule, and the requirement for the strength of large-granule fertilizers ensures the formation and continuity of soil-fertilizer micro zone after the large-granule fertilizer is applied to the soil. This is the key to the slow release and long-term effectiveness of the large-granule fertilizers, and makes them difficult to break during transportation.

[34] The present disclosure also provides a use of the large-granule fertilizer described in the above technical solution or the large-granule fertilizer obtained by the preparation method described in the above technical solution in planting field crops, the large-granule fertilizer is applied at 3-10cm from the seed/roots of the crop or its row, and a depth of 5-15cm from the soil surface. In the present disclosure, the crops preferably include direct seeded or transplanted field rape, wheat, rice, and com. The time for fertilizing the large-granule fertilizer of the present disclosure is preferably the same as the time for planting or transplanting the crop. Specifically, for crops that are sowed in a hole or planted in a hole, the present disclosure preferably places the large-granule fertilizer at 3-10cm away from the crop seed/roots and a depth of 5-15cm from the soil surface, and it can be carried out in a manner of one seedling with one fertilizer granule, or one seedling with two fertilizer granules, or multiple seedlings shared with one granule simultaneously with transplanting machinery; for drilled (planted) crops, the present disclosure preferably places large-granule fertilizers 3-6cm away from the crop seed/roots and 5-10cm away from the soil surface; for sowing crops, apply the large-granule fertilizers in a checkerboard-like manner after plowing the field, preferably at a distance of 12-22cm between the fertilizing points, and then cover the soil for sowing seeds. By regulating the application location of the large-granule fertilizer, the present disclosure may ensure that the crop roots absorb nutrients, and the concentration of nutrients from the large-granule fertilizer will not burn the seeds or root tips.

[35] In the present disclosure, by intensively applying fertilizers in the form of large-granules, the effect of soil-fertilizer microzones are artificially formed and strengthened, so that ordinary fast-release fertilizers have greater slow-acting performance. The nutrient loss may be greatly reduced, and the fertilizer use efficiency may be greatly improved. The present disclosure is based on ordinary fast-release fertilizers and does not add any slow or controlled release membrane materials or nitrification inhibitors, urease inhibitors, various synergists, etc., and can meet the nutrient requirements of field crops throughout the growth period with only one application, saving labor and effort, which has high use efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer, with environmental friendliness, and excellent effect of increasing production and income.

[36] In the following, in conjunction with specific examples, a large-granule fertilizer applied once in whole growth period of a field crop based on an ordinary fast-release fertilizer of the present disclosure and its preparation method and application will be further introduced in detail. The technical solution of the present disclosure includes but is not limited to the following examples.

[37] Example 1

[38] A large-granule fertilizer applied once in whole growth period of a field crop based on an ordinary fast-release fertilizer, the mass of nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer were calculated by N, P 2 05 and K20 respectively, including 29% of N, 11% of P 2 0 5 , 12% of K20, the balance was the carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, etc. brought into the formula fertilizer of the elemental fertilizer. The above elements were provided by the following materials, N: urea; P2 0 5 : diammonium phosphate; and K20: potassium chloride.

[39] The actual amounts converted into commercial fertilizer were as follows (calculated based on per production of 10,000 granules of super/large-granule fertilizer applied once in whole growth period of a field crop based on an ordinary fast-release fertilizer):

[40] Urea 15.6kg;

[41] Diammonium phosphate 7.8kg; and

[42] Potassium chloride 5.6kg.

[43] The above-mentioned commercial fertilizers were mixed uniformly, ground into powder, and extruded by a tablet press. The large-granule fertilizer prepared in this example was spherical. The weight of a single granule was 2.9g and the diameter was 13mm.

[44] Example 2

[45] The large-granule fertilizer applied once in whole growth period of a field crop based on an ordinary fast-release fertilizer prepared in this example, its formula and preparation method were the same as those in Example 1, but the urea was1 5 N-labeled commodity urea.

[46] Example 3

[47] A large-granule fertilizer applied once in whole growth period of a field crop based on an ordinary fast-release fertilizer, the mass of nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer were calculated by N, P 2 05 and K20 respectively, including 33% of N, 6% of P2 0 5 , 6% of K20, in addition to adding 0.3% of zinc (ZnO), the balance was sulfur, carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, etc. brought into the formulation of elemental fertilizers. The above elements were provided by the following materials, N: urea, ammonium sulfate, diammonium phosphate; P 2 05 : diammonium phosphate; K20: potassium chloride; ZnO: zinc sulfate.

[48] The actual amounts converted into commercial fertilizer were as follows (calculated based on per production of 10,000 granules of large-granule fertilizer applied once in whole growth period of a field crop based on an ordinary fast-release fertilizer):

[49] Urea 10.2 kg;

[50] Ammonium sulfate 2.2 kg;

[51] Diammonium phosphate 2.6 kg;

[52] Potassium chloride 1.7 kg; and

[53] Zinc sulfate 0.2 kg.

[54] The above-mentioned commercial fertilizers were stirred and mixed uniformly, and extruded by a tablet press. The large-granule fertilizer prepared in this example was cylindrical. The weight of a single granule was 1.7g, the diameter was 13mm, and the height was 7mm.

[55] Example 4

[56] A large-granule fertilizer applied once in whole growth period of a field crop based on an ordinary fast-release fertilizer, the mass of nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer were calculated by N, P 2 05 and K20 respectively, including: 32% of N, 8% of P2 05 , 5% of K20, in addition to adding 0.2% of boron (B), the balance was sulfur, carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, etc. brought into the formulation of elemental fertilizers. The above elements were provided by the following materials, N: urea, ammonium sulfate, diammonium phosphate; P 2 05 : diammonium phosphate; K20: potassium chloride, potassium sulphate; and B: borax.

[57] The actual amounts converted into commercial fertilizer were as follows (calculated based on per production of 10,000 granules of large-granule fertilizer applied once in whole growth period of a field crop based on an ordinary fast-release fertilizer):

[58] Urea 28.6 kg;

[59] Ammonium sulfate 1.8 kg;

[60] Diammonium phosphate 7.3 kg;

[61] Potassium chloride 2.7 kg;

[62] Potassium sulfate 0.9 kg; and

[63] Borax 0.9 kg.

[64] The above-mentioned commercial fertilizers were stirred and mixed uniformly, and were extruded by a tablet press. The large-granule fertilizer prepared in this example were oblate. The weight of a single granule was 4.2g, the diameter of the ball was 20mm, and the thickness was 14mm.

[65] Test Example 1

[66] The large-granule fertilizer prepared in Example 1 were applied for field in-situ tests. After 90 days, the remained ammonium nitrogen content of the soil at 6 cm away from the large-granule fertilizer application point was about 385 mg/kg.

[67] Comparative Example 1:

[68] The fertilizer used was the same amount of ordinary fast-release urea, diammonium phosphate and potassium chloride as that used in the preparation of large-granule fertilizer in Example 1, stirred and mixed, and evenly broadcasted on the soil surface at one time. After 90 days, the remained ammonium nitrogen content of the soil at 6 cm away from the large-granule fertilizer application point was about 12mg/kg.

[69] Comparative Example 2:

[70] The fertilizer used was the same as that of Comparative Example 1, stirred and mixed, without granulation, and hole-applied at one time. After 90 days, the remained ammonium nitrogen content of the soil at about 6 cm from the center of the hole was about 118 mg/kg.

[71] The comparative experiment shows that the large-granule fertilizer of the present disclosure had a better slow-release effect.

[72] Test Example 2

[73] The large-granule fertilizer prepared in Example 2 was applied for rice (variety Nanjing 9108) field test. At the same time, the comparative tests of broadcast application (Comparative Example 3) and hole application (Comparative Example 4) after mixing the same amount of urea 1( 5 N labeled urea), diammonium phosphate, and potassium chloride fertilizer as that in the preparation of large-granule fertilizer in Example 2 were set. The large-granule fertilizer was placed 3cm away from the roots zone of the rice seedlings and 6cm away from the soil surface, and no topdressing was performed in the later period. Comparative Example 3 was a conventional method for farmers, 40% of the total nitrogen fertilizer together with all the phosphorus and potassium fertilizers were broadcasted as a base fertilizer, and the remaining 30% nitrogen fertilizer was top-dressed separately as a tilling fertilizer and an earring fertilizer; Comparative Example 4 was to mix all the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers and apply one-time hole application at a place about 3 cm away from the root of the rice seedling and about 6 cm from the soil surface, and no topdressing in the later period.

[74] The yield of rice treated with the large-granule fertilizer prepared in Example 2 could reach 11.5 t/ha, which was 47.4% higher than that of Comparative Example 3 and 21.1% higher than that of Comparative Example 4 (Table 1). By a1 5 N labeling method (refers to literature: "Mary B., Recous S., and Robin D. 1998. Model for calculation nitrogen fluxes in soil using 1 5 N tracing. Soil Biol. Biochem. 30(14): 1963-1979"; literature: "Liu Delin, Nie Jun, Xiao Jian. 2002. Study of 1 5N-labeled rice controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer on improving nitrogen-use efficiency. Journal of Laser Biology. 11(2):87-92."; and literature: "Zhang J., Zhu T., Cai Z., Qin S., Muller C. 2012. Effects of long-term repeated mineral and organic fertilizer applications on soil nitrogen transformations. Eur. J. Soil Sci. 63: 75-85"), the nitrogen fertilizer loss rate of the large-granule fertilizer treatment was about 21.5%, and the nitrogen use efficiency provided by the fertilizer was 56.1%, However, in Comparative Examples 3 and 4, the nitrogen fertilizer loss rate was 63.1% and 45.7%, respectively, and the fertilizer nitrogen use efficiency was 11.1% and 32.5%. It was shown that the application of large-granule fertilizer may increase the use efficiency of the applied fertilizer. In the high-efficiency and clean production of agriculture, it is an ideal fertilization concept that only inputs the nutrients needed for crop growth without blindly depleting or fertilizing the soil.

[75] Test Example 3

[76] The large-granule fertilizer prepared in Example 3 was applied for field demonstration test of wheat (variety Huaimai 20). At the same time, the comparative tests of broadcast application (Comparative Example 5) and hole application (Comparative Example 6) after mixing the same amount of urea, ammonium sulfate, diammonium phosphate, potassium chloride and zinc sulfate fertilizer as that in the preparation of large-granule fertilizer in Example 3 were set. After field soil preparation, the large-granule fertilizer of Example 3 was placed at a depth of 5-8cm from the soil surface with the fertilizer distance of 15cm*15cm by a fertilizer applicator, and then the wheat seeds were sowed broadcast, and no top dressing in the later period. Comparative Example 5 was a conventional method for farmers, broadcast applying 40% of the total nitrogen fertilizer and all the phosphorus, potassium, and zinc fertilizers together with the soil preparation as a base fertilizer, and topdressing the remaining 30% nitrogen fertilizer separately as a tilling fertilizer and an jointing and booting fertilizer. In Comparative Example 6, after mixing all the nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and zinc fertilizers, the mixed fertilizer was applied at a depth of 5-8 cm from the soil surface through a fertilizer applicator at a distance of about 15 cm*15 cm, and no top dressing was performed in the later period.

[77] The large-granule fertilizer prepared in Example 3 was more evenly distributed in the field, with an average yield of 7.4 t/ha, which increases the yield by 32.6% and 13.2%, respectively, compared with Comparative Examples 5 and 6 (Table 1).

[78] Test Example 4

[79] The large-granule fertilizer prepared in Example 4 was applied in the season of rape (variety of Ningza 1818), at the same time, the comparative tests of broadcast application (Comparative Example 7) and hole application (Comparative Example 8) after mixing the same amount of urea, ammonium sulfate, diammonium phosphate, potassium chloride and potassium sulfate fertilizer and borax as that in the preparation of large-granule fertilizer in Example 4 were set. The application of large-granule fertilizer was as follows: opening the fertilization ditch in the whole field, transplanting the rape seedlings, with a distance of the fertilization ditch from the rape row of 5cm, and the depth of the ditch of 10cm, placing the large-granule fertilizer in the trench and covering the soil at an interval of about 20cm between the granule placement through the fertilizer applicator, and no top dressing will be carried out in the later period. Comparative Example 7 was a conventional method for farmers, 60% of the total nitrogen fertilizer and all the phosphorus, potassium, and boron fertilizers were broadcasted as a basal fertilizer during soil preparation, and the remaining 40% of the nitrogen fertilizer was used as a bolting fertilizer. In Comparative Example 8, all the nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and boron fertilizers were mixed, and hole-applied to the fertilizer ditch at one time with a hole spacing of about 20cm.

[80] The yield of rape treated with the large-granule fertilizer prepared in Example 4 reaches 4.9t/ha, which increases the yield by 53.9% and 19.2% respectively compared with Comparative Examples 7 and 8 (Table 1).

[81] Table 1 The effects of large-granule fertilizer applied once in whole growth period of a field crop based on an ordinary fast-release fertilizer on the increase in yield and income of rice, wheat, and rape planting

[82]

Crops Technology* Yield increase** Topdressing Total income tested (t/ha) cost*** (RMB/ha)**** (RMB/ha) compared compared to compared compared to to the one-time to the one-time farmer's hole farmer's hole method application method application rice Comparative - 300 Example 3 Comparative 1.67 - 0 5143 Example 4 Example 2 3.69 2.02 0 11001 5858 wheat Comparative - 240 Example 5 Comparative 0.96 - 0 2640 Example 6 Example 3 1.83 0.87 0 4815 2175 rape Comparative - 120 Example 7

Comparative 0.93 - 0 4770 Example 8 Example 4 1.72 0.79 0 8720 3950

[83] Notes:

[84] *The fertilizers used in comparative Examples 3 and 4 were the same fertilizers as in Example 2, with the same variety and quality; The fertilizers used in comparative Examples 5 and 6 were the same fertilizers used in Example 3, with the same variety and quality; The fertilizers used in comparative Examples 7 and 8 were the same fertilizers used in Example 4, with the same variety and quality. Comparative Examples 3, 5, and 7 were applied by farmers' conventional combined method of basal and topdressing fertilization, and Comparative Examples 4, 6, and 8 used the existing one-time hole application techniques.

[85] **The yield increase in this table referred only to increased grain yield.

[86] ***Two topdressings for rice, 150RMB/ha each time, two topdressings for wheat, 120RMB/ha each time, and one topdressing for rape at 120RMB/ha.

[87] ****The price of rice grains was 2.9 RMB/kg, the price of wheat grains was 2.5 RMB/kg, and the price of rape seeds was 5.0 RMB/kg.

[88] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present disclosure. It should be pointed out that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the principle of the present disclosure, several improvements and modifications can be made, and these improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present disclosure.

[89] As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Furthermore, to the extent that the terms "including", "includes", "having", "has", "with", or variants thereof are used in either the detailed description and/or the claims, such terms are intended to be inclusive in a manner similar to the term "comprising". The transitional terms/phrases (and any grammatical variations thereof) "comprising", "comprises", "comprise", "consisting essentially of', "consists essentially of', "consisting" and ''consists" can be used interchangeably.

[90] In the present disclosure, ranges are stated in shorthand to avoid having to set out at length and describe each and every value within the range. Any appropriate value within the range can be selected, where appropriate, as the upper value, lower value, or the terminus of the range. For example, a range of 4-15 represents the terminal values of 4 and 15, as well as the intermediate values of 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, and all intermediate ranges encompassed within 4-15, such as 5-10, 5-11, 7-12, etc. Values having at least two significant digits within a range are envisioned, for example, a range of 2.5-4.5 indicates all the values between 2.5 and 4.5 as well as between 2.50 and 4.50 including the terminal values. When ranges are used herein, combinations and subcombinations of ranges (e.g., subranges within the disclosed range) and specific embodiments therein are explicitly included.

[91] As used herein, the term "ordinary fast-release fertilizer", "ordinary fast-release nitrogen fertilizer, "ordinary fast-release phosphate fertilizer" and "ordinary fast-release potassium fertilizer" are used to refer to a fertilizer that is common in the market, available to farmers and frequently used by farmers, which contains nutrients immediately available to the plant, without any slow or controlled release membrane materials or nitrification inhibitors or urease inhibitors. The types of the ordinary fast-release fertilizer will vary depending on the variety of plant and need of nutrients thereof.

[92] As used herein, the term "total income" is referred to an increase in income of farmers by using the fertilizer and method provided in the present disclosure, which, when in comparison with that of the farmers' method, is equal to a yield increase multiplied by a price of a crop plus a top dressing cost, or when in comparison with that of one-time hole application, is equal to a yield increase multiplied by a price of a crop.

[93] It is to be understood that, if any prior art publication is referred to herein, such reference does not constitute an admission that the publication forms a part of the common general knowledge in the art, in Australia or any other country.

[94] In the claims which follow and in the preceding description of the invention, except where the context requires otherwise due to express language or necessary implication, the word "comprise" or variations such as "comprises" or "comprising" is used in an inclusive sense, i.e. to specify the presence of the stated features but not to preclude the presence or addition of further features in various embodiments of the invention.

Claims (5)

WHAT IS CLAIMED IS:

1. A large-granule fertilizer, applied once in whole growth period of a field crop based on an ordinary fast-release fertilizer, wherein the large-granule fertilizer includes an ordinary fast-release nitrogen fertilizer, an ordinary fast-release phosphate fertilizer and an ordinary fast-release potassium fertilizer, and wherein a mass of the nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer are respectively calculated by N, P 2 0 5 and K20, a mass ratio is (20-40): (4-15): (4-15); and a single-granule weight of the large-granule fertilizer is 1.5-8g.

2. The large-granule fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein a mass of the nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer are respectively calculated by N, P 2 0 5 and K20, and the mass ratio is (30-35): (5-8): (5-8); the single-granule weight of the large-granule fertilizer is 2.5-4.5g.

3. The large-granule fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein the nitrogen fertilizer comprises one or more selected from the group consisting of urea, diammonium phosphate, monoammonium phosphate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, ammonium bicarbonate, and ammonium phosphor nitrate.

4. The large-granule fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein the phosphate fertilizer comprises one or more selected from the group consisting of diammonium phosphate, monoammonium phosphate, ordinary superphosphate, concentrated superphosphate and ammonium phosphor nitrate.

5. The large-granule fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein based on the mass of the large-granule fertilizer, according to the lack of nutrients in the soil or crop needs, the large-granule fertilizer further comprises one or more selected from the group consisting of 1.0%-10.0% by mass percentage of silicon dioxide, 1.0%-4.0% by mass percentage of calcium oxide, 0.5%-2.0% by mass percentage of magnesium oxide, 0.01%-0.3% by mass percentage of boron, and 0.1%-0.3% by mass percentage of zinc oxide.