CN103553846B - Special slow release-controlled release fertilizer for potatoes - Google Patents

Special slow release-controlled release fertilizer for potatoes Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103553846B
CN103553846B CN201310498621.2A CN201310498621A CN103553846B CN 103553846 B CN103553846 B CN 103553846B CN 201310498621 A CN201310498621 A CN 201310498621A CN 103553846 B CN103553846 B CN 103553846B
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fertilizer
potato
release
nitrogen
parts
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CN103553846A (en
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仲乃琴
蔡冬清
卢宗云
董彦旭
詹虹
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Institute of Microbiology of CAS
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Institute of Microbiology of CAS
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05DINORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
    • C05D9/00Other inorganic fertilisers
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05BPHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
    • C05B7/00Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates

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  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention discloses a special slow release-controlled release fertilizer for potatoes. The fertilizer consists of the following active components in parts by weight: 20-40 parts of nitrogen phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer, 15-30 parts of diammonium phosphate, 0.2-0.6 parts of urease-nitrification inhibitor and 4-6 parts of controlled release agent. The fertilizer organically combines a urease/nitrification slow-release fertilizer technology and a controlled-release fertilizer technology to develop a synergistic effect. The technology can be used for not only realizing slow release of the fertilizer, but also reducing loss of released nutrients, and achieving double effects of slow release and controlled release. In addition, a controlled-release material micro-nano network can be used for controlling the migration and loss of the urease inhibitor and the nitrification inhibitor, so that not only can the slow-release effect be enhanced, but also environment pollution caused by loss of the urease inhibitor and the nitrification inhibitor can be relieved. The technology is significant for high yield of potatoes and protection of ecological environment.

Description

Potato special slow release-sustained-release fertilizer
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of potato special slow release-sustained-release fertilizer.
Background technology
Potato is the fourth-largest crop of China, and cultivated area is only second to wheat, paddy rice and corn, is mainly distributed in the northern areas such as the Inner Mongol, Ningxia, Gansu, three provinces in the northeast of China.Namely it can be used as vegetables and also can be used as grain, and nutritious, has vital role to guarantee China grain security.Potato primary stock is micro potato, and through land for growing field crops, plantation becomes land for growing field crops potato.Micro potato is high added value crop after detoxification, per mu yield about 230,000, every mu of per season income about 6.21 ten thousand yuan (market price 0.5 yuan/, cost about 0.23 yuan /).The many soilless cultures in greenhouse of potato detoxicating micro potato, comparatively responsive to nutrient.In order to pre-disease prevention occurs, general vermiculite of selecting is as cultivation matrix.Vermiculite does not contain nutrient needed for plant, and chemical fertilizer becomes its nutrient exclusive source.But vermiculite preserve moisture and fertility ability, far below soil, causes chemical fertilizer nutrient easily by seepage and volatilization loss, causes utilization rate of fertilizer low, and cause severe contamination to underground water and air.There is fertilizer nutrient and to run off serious problem in land for growing field crops potato, greatly affects its output equally in producing.In addition, no matter be that micro potato or the ratio of land for growing field crops potato to soil ammonium-state and nitric nitrogen are comparatively responsive, their preference ammonium nitrogens.And common fertilizer nitrogen is rapidly converted into nitric nitrogen through bacterium ammonium and nitrification in soil, be unfavorable for the g and D of potato.Therefore; develop the special advanced fertilizer of a kind of potato; nitrogen ammonium and nitrification can be suppressed; make nutrient slow releasing; the loss of chemical fertilizer nutrient can be controlled again, improve nutrientuse efficiency, while the ecotope of the protection place of production; promote potato high yield, become potato and produce the upper great Science and Technology problem being badly in need of solving.
Existing advanced chemical fertilizer is mainly Slow/Controlled Release Fertilizers and the large class of sustained-release fertilizer two.Slow/Controlled Release Fertilizers refers to the fertilizer that can slow down or control nutrient releasing speed.BASF AG of Germany is the pioneer manufacturing slow release fertilizer, and nineteen twenty-four obtains the patent that first manufactures urea-formaldehyde fertilizer.After this, the state such as the U.S., Japan, Germany, Canada, Israel have also been developed slow/controlled release chemical fertilizer technology.20 century 70s start, and China opens the development history of slow/controlled release chemical fertilizer, and the unit such as Shenyang Inst. of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University develops chemical fertilizer such as slow/controlled release such as urase (or nitrated) suppressive, Envelope type etc.In existing Slow/Controlled Release Fertilizers, urase (or nitrated) suppressive has the advantages such as technique is simple, cost is low, environmental protection relative to coated control release fertilizer, only needs in nitrogenous fertilizer, add a small amount of urease inhibitor or nitrification inhibitor or the two title complex and just can play slow releasing function.Urease inhibitor can suppress the hydrolysis rate of urea, reduce the volatilization of ammonium nitrogen and nitrated, its mechanism of action has: blocking soil urease is to the activity site of hydrolysis of urea, or the Redox Condition of micro-ecological environment in change soil, or upset the pathways metabolism of the microorganism that can produce urase, thus reduction urease activity, and then reduce the decomposition rate of urea.Nitrification inhibitor can suppress the activity of nitrobacteria in soil, thus slows down the conversion of ammonium nitrogen to nitric nitrogen, is conducive to Crop and assimilation, and reduces the pollution problem that ammonium nitrification causes.Compound urase-the nitrification inhibitor of Shenyang Inst. of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences's research and development can regulate the conversion process of nitrogen, delays hydrolysis ammonium and the nitrification speeds of Nitrogen In Soils fertilizer, can reach slow releasing NH 4 +object, the ratio of ammonium nitrogen and nitric nitrogen can be regulated and controled again.But, regardless of which kind of fertilizer, finally all to be decomposed into nutritive salt ion and just can be absorbed by plants.Because the space scale of nutritive salt ion and water molecules are in same magnitude, are easily shifted to environment by approach such as seepage, runoff and volatilizations, not only reduce its utilization ratio, and cause environmental pollution.That is, the loss of the nutrient that even if employ Slow/Controlled Release Fertilizers, those are released (or decompose) out remains the important technological problems needing to solve.Particularly concerning with vermiculite be matrix micro potato cultivation, this problem is especially outstanding.And urase-nitrification inhibitor moves in surrounding medium with chemical fertilizer nutrient is the same also easy, affects its effect.The sustained-release fertilizer of Hefei material science research institute of Chinese Academy of Sciences research and development, for this fundamental issue of fertilizer, the migration of nutrient in soil or surrounding medium is controlled by controlled release agent (attapulgite modified be main component with diatomite compound), " hoard " nutrient in arable layer, reduce the loss of nutrient.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of potato special slow release-sustained-release fertilizer.
Fertilizer provided by the invention, comprises following active principle: nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, diammonium phosphate, urase-nitrification inhibitor and controlled release agent;
Above-mentioned fertilizer also can only be made up of said components.
Concrete, described fertilizer is made up of the component of following each mass parts:
Nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 20-40 part, diammonium phosphate 15-30 part, urase-nitrification inhibitor 0.2-0.6 part and controlled release agent 4-6 part.
More specifically, described fertilizer is specifically made up of the component of following each mass parts:
Nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 20 parts, diammonium phosphate 15 parts, urase-nitrification inhibitor 0.4 part and controlled release agent 5 parts; Or,
Nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 40 parts, diammonium phosphate 30 parts, urase-nitrification inhibitor 0.2 part and controlled release agent 4 parts; Or,
Nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 20-40 part, diammonium phosphate 15-30 part, urase-nitrification inhibitor 0.2-0.4 part and controlled release agent 4-5 part;
In described nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, the mass ratio of nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer is 12-16:12-16:12-16, is specially 15:15:15;
The quality of described nitrogenous fertilizer is in the nitrogen element in described nitrogenous fertilizer, and the quality of described phosphate fertilizer is in Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES, and the quality of described potash fertilizer is in potassium oxide;
Described urase-nitrification inhibitor is made up of N-normal-butyl thiophosphoryl triamine and dihydro-amine; Wherein, the weight ratio of described N-normal-butyl thiophosphoryl triamine and dihydro-amine is (1-2): (2-3), is specially 1:1;
Described controlled release agent is made up of plasma modification attapulgite and diatomite; Wherein, described plasma modification attapulgite and diatomaceous weight ratio are (1-2): (2-3), is specially 1:2.
Described plasma modification attapulgite is for being prepared as follows and obtaining: by attapulgite irradiation in oxygen gas plasma;
In described irradiation steps, irradiation power is 800-1200W, is specially 1000W, and irradiation dose is 30-50kGy, is specially 40kGy, and irradiation time is 5-10 minute, is specially 10 minutes, and irradiation sample weight is 0.5-1 kilogram, is specially 0.7 kilogram.Described attapulgite purity is 60-70%, is specially 70%, and order number is 200-300 order, is specially 200 orders.
The fertilizing method of potato provided by the invention, comprises the steps: aforementioned fertilizer provided by the invention to apply in the cultivation matrix of described potato as base manure.
Apply described in aforesaid method in step, rate of fertilizer application is 40-70kg/ mu, is specially 40kg/ mu, 65kg/ mu or 40-65kg/ mu.
The kind of described potato is micro potato or land for growing field crops potato;
Described micro potato is specially blue or green potato 168 micro potato;
Described land for growing field crops potato is specially Favorita land for growing field crops potato.
The principle of above-mentioned fertilizing method is: first urease inhibitor delays the ammonium speed of urea, and then nitrification inhibitor slows down the rate of nitrification of ammonium nitrogen, thus plays the object of slowly-releasing.The ammonium nitrogen discharged can be stored in control and lose in the micro-nano network that material formed, and is equivalent to the space scale being exaggerated nutrient, thus reduces its mobility in soil filtering layer, reach the object controlling to run off.So this technology can make fertilizer slow release, the loss discharging nutrient can be reduced again, there is slowly-releasing and control mistake double effects.In addition, the micro-nano network in controlled release agent can also control migration and the loss of urase-nitrification inhibitor, they and chemical fertilizer can not only be kept together, and strengthens slow release effect, and can alleviate their pollution of loss to environment.
Chemical fertilizer is lost in the slowly-releasing that the present invention creates-control; slow down the release of chemical fertilizer nutrient on the one hand, the loss of the nutrient that Co ntrolled release is out and not absorbed by crops, improves nutrientuse efficiency further on the other hand; promote micro potato high yield, preserve the ecological environment simultaneously.Therefore; by slow-release fertilizer and the coupling of control mistake technology; chemical fertilizer nutrient and urase or nitrification inhibitor store by micro-nano network that material self assembles formed to utilize control to lose; the loss of chemical fertilizer nutrient can not only be controlled; and the migration of urase or nitrification inhibitor can be controlled; improve its slow release effect, while preserving the ecological environment, the degree of depth improves potato yield.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is further elaborated, but the present invention is not limited to following examples.Described method is ordinary method if no special instructions.Described starting material all can obtain from open commercial sources if no special instructions.
Following embodiment and nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer used in contrast are purchased from western Shandong Chemical Group company limited, and production code member is potassium sulfate compound fertilizer material, and the mass ratio of nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer is 15:15:15;
Described urase-nitrification inhibitor is all for being made up of the N-normal-butyl thiophosphoryl triamine of weight ratio 1:1 and dihydro-amine;
Controlled release agent used is all for being that 1:2 forms by plasma modification attapulgite and diatomite weight ratio.
Wherein, plasma modification attapulgite is for being prepared as follows and obtaining: by 1 kilogram of purity be 70%, 200 object attapulgites in oxygen gas plasma irradiation power be 1000W, irradiation dose be the condition of 40kGy under irradiation 10 minutes and obtaining.
Embodiment 1
By 20 parts of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizers and 15 parts of diammonium phosphate evenly composite, then add the urase-nitrification inhibitor of 0.4 part and 5 parts of controlled release agents, Homogeneous phase mixing, obtains fertilizer provided by the invention, also i.e. potato special slow release-sustained-release fertilizer, is designated as slowly-releasing-sustained-release fertilizer 1.
Separately establish the contrast 1-3 of above-mentioned slowly-releasing-sustained-release fertilizer 1:
Wherein, contrast 1, compared with slowly-releasing-sustained-release fertilizer 1, does not only add controlled release agent, also namely:
By 20 parts of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizers, 15 parts of diammonium phosphate evenly composite and 0.4 part urase-nitrification inhibitor Homogeneous phase mixing and obtain;
Contrast 2, compared with slowly-releasing-sustained-release fertilizer 1, does not only add urase-nitrification inhibitor, also namely:
By 20 parts of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizers, 15 parts of diammonium phosphate evenly composite and 5 parts of controlled release agent Homogeneous phase mixing and obtaining;
Contrast 3, compared with slowly-releasing-sustained-release fertilizer 1, does not only add controlled release agent and urase-nitrification inhibitor, also namely:
20 parts of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizers and 15 parts of even composite Homogeneous phase mixing of diammonium phosphate are obtained;
With blue or green potato 168 micro potato for experimental cultivar, by slowly-releasing-sustained-release fertilizer 1, contrast 1 and 2 respectively in March, 2013 at Yinchuan Ping Jibao modern agriculture Demonstration Garden, spread fertilizer over the fields in the matrix (vermiculite) of Miniature potato as base manure according to the amount of 40kg/ mu, fertilization area is 1 mu.
Increase percentage with more than 3g micro potato quantity and be designated as stimulation ratio, gather in August, gained volume increase result is as follows:
The stimulation ratio of slowly-releasing-sustained-release fertilizer 1 is 23.7%, and the stimulation ratio of contrast 1 is 13.0%, and the stimulation ratio of contrast 2 is 18.5%; Compared with common fertilizer, wait nutrient to apply fertilizer, slowly-releasing-sustained-release fertilizer provided by the invention can significantly improve micro potato commodity potato rate, and successful is better than contrast 1 and contrast 2.
In addition, for land for growing field crops potato, slowly-releasing-control is lost chemical fertilizer effect of increasing production and is also significantly better than contrast 1 and contrasts 2 using separately.
Separately on March 8th, 2013 and sampling on May 4th, 2013, gained slowly-releasing-sustained-release fertilizer 1 and contrast 1-3 on nutrient in micro potato vermiculite to affect result as shown in table 1:
Table 1, different fertilizer process are on the impact of nutrient in micro potato vermiculite
(note: the sample time of " in earlier stage " the corresponding 2013.3.8 in table 1; The sample time of " later stage " corresponding 2013.5.4)
As shown in Table 2, slowly-releasing-sustained-release fertilizer provided by the invention can significantly improve the utilising efficiency of N P and K three kinds of elements.
For vermiculite matrix, chemical fertilizer nutrient loss (native fish method) decreased average more than 30%, effectively alleviates environmental pollution.Urease inhibitor or nitrification inhibitor loss (native fish method) reduce more than 15%, effectively strengthen slow release effect, and reduce environmental pollution.
Embodiment 2
By 40 parts of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizers and 30 parts of diammonium phosphate evenly composite, then add the urase-nitrification inhibitor of 0.2 part and 4 parts of controlled release agents, Homogeneous phase mixing, obtains fertilizer provided by the invention, also i.e. potato special slow release-sustained-release fertilizer, is designated as slowly-releasing-sustained-release fertilizer 2.
Separately establish contrast 5 and the contrast 6 of above-mentioned slowly-releasing-sustained-release fertilizer 2:
Wherein, contrast 5, compared with slowly-releasing-sustained-release fertilizer 2, does not only add controlled release agent, also namely:
By 40 parts of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizers, 30 parts of diammonium phosphate evenly composite and 0.2 part urase-nitrification inhibitor Homogeneous phase mixing and obtain;
Contrast 6, compared with slowly-releasing-sustained-release fertilizer 2, does not only add urase-nitrification inhibitor, also namely:
By 40 parts of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizers, 30 parts of diammonium phosphate evenly composite and 4 parts of controlled release agent Homogeneous phase mixing and obtaining;
With Favorita land for growing field crops potato for experimental cultivar, by slowly-releasing-sustained-release fertilizer 2, contrast 5 and 6 respectively in May, 2013 on Nehe Laolai farm, Harbin, spread fertilizer over the fields in the land for growing field crops matrix (vermiculite) of potato as base manure according to the amount of 65kg/ mu, fertilization area is 100 mu.
Increase per-cent with weight and be designated as stimulation ratio, gained volume increase result is as follows:
The land for growing field crops potato gross weight of slowly-releasing-sustained-release fertilizer 2 increases 30%(and waits nutrient with compared with common fertilizer of filling a prescription); Big-and-middle potato (>75g) weight volume increase 15%;
The land for growing field crops potato gross weight of contrast 5 increases 6.8%(and waits nutrient with compared with common fertilizer of filling a prescription); Big-and-middle potato weight volume increase 9.2%;
The land for growing field crops potato gross weight of contrast 6 increases 9.2%(and waits nutrient with compared with common fertilizer of filling a prescription); Big-and-middle potato weight volume increase 10.6%.
Visible, compared with common fertilizer, wait nutrient to apply fertilizer, slowly-releasing-sustained-release fertilizer provided by the invention can significantly improve the commodity potato rate of potato, and successful is better than contrast 5 and contrast 6.

Claims (10)

1. a fertilizer, described fertilizer is made up of described nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, diammonium phosphate, urase-nitrification inhibitor and controlled release agent;
Described urase-nitrification inhibitor is made up of N-normal-butyl thiophosphoryl triamine and dihydro-amine;
Described controlled release agent is made up of plasma modification attapulgite and diatomite;
Described plasma modification attapulgite is for being prepared as follows and obtaining: by attapulgite irradiation in oxygen gas plasma;
In described irradiation steps, irradiation power is 800-1200W, and irradiation dose is 30-50kGy, and irradiation time is 5-10 minute, and irradiation sample weight is 0.5-1 kilogram.
2. fertilizer according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described fertilizer is made up of the component of following each mass parts:
Nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 20-40 part, diammonium phosphate 15-30 part, urase-nitrification inhibitor 0.2-0.6 part and controlled release agent 4-6 part.
3. fertilizer according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in described nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, and the mass ratio of nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer is 12-16:12-16:12-16;
The quality of described nitrogenous fertilizer is in the nitrogen element in described nitrogenous fertilizer, and the quality of described phosphate fertilizer is in Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES, and the quality of described potash fertilizer is in potassium oxide.
4. fertilizer according to claim 3, is characterized in that: in described nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, and the mass ratio of nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer is 15:15:15.
5. fertilizer according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the weight ratio of described N-normal-butyl thiophosphoryl triamine and dihydro-amine is (1-2): (2-3).
6. according to the arbitrary described fertilizer of claim 1-5, it is characterized in that: described plasma modification attapulgite and diatomaceous weight ratio are (1-2): (2-3);
The order number of described plasma modification attapulgite is 200-300 order.
7. a fertilizing method for potato, comprises the steps: arbitrary for claim 1-6 described fertilizer to apply in the cultivation matrix of described potato as base manure.
8. method according to claim 7, is characterized in that: described in apply in step, rate of fertilizer application is 40-70kg/ mu.
9. the method according to claim 7 or 8, is characterized in that: the kind of described potato is micro potato or land for growing field crops potato.
10. method according to claim 9, is characterized in that: described micro potato is blue or green potato 168 micro potato;
Described land for growing field crops potato is Favorita land for growing field crops potato.
CN201310498621.2A 2013-10-22 2013-10-22 Special slow release-controlled release fertilizer for potatoes Active CN103553846B (en)

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