CN103553846A - Special slow release-controlled release fertilizer for potatoes - Google Patents
Special slow release-controlled release fertilizer for potatoes Download PDFInfo
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- CN103553846A CN103553846A CN201310498621.2A CN201310498621A CN103553846A CN 103553846 A CN103553846 A CN 103553846A CN 201310498621 A CN201310498621 A CN 201310498621A CN 103553846 A CN103553846 A CN 103553846A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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Abstract
The invention discloses a special slow release-controlled release fertilizer for potatoes. The fertilizer consists of the following active components in parts by weight: 20-40 parts of nitrogen phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer, 15-30 parts of diammonium phosphate, 0.2-0.6 parts of urease-nitrification inhibitor and 4-6 parts of controlled release agent. The fertilizer organically combines a urease/nitrification slow-release fertilizer technology and a controlled-release fertilizer technology to develop a synergistic effect. The technology can be used for not only realizing slow release of the fertilizer, but also reducing loss of released nutrients, and achieving double effects of slow release and controlled release. In addition, a controlled-release material micro-nano network can be used for controlling the migration and loss of the urease inhibitor and the nitrification inhibitor, so that not only can the slow-release effect be enhanced, but also environment pollution caused by loss of the urease inhibitor and the nitrification inhibitor can be relieved. The technology is significant for high yield of potatoes and protection of ecological environment.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of potato special slow release-sustained-release fertilizer.
Background technology
Potato is the fourth-largest crop of China, and cultivated area is only second to wheat, paddy rice and corn, is mainly distributed in the northern areas such as the Inner Mongol, Ningxia, Gansu, three provinces in the northeast of China.It can be used as vegetables and also can be used as grain, and nutritious, to ensureing that China's grain security has vital role.Potato primary stock is micro potato, and through land for growing field crops, plantation becomes land for growing field crops potato.Micro potato is high added value crop after detoxification, and approximately 230,000 of per mu yields are taken in approximately 6.21 ten thousand yuan (0.5 yuan/of market price, approximately 0.23 yuan/of cost) per season for every mu.The many soilless cultures in greenhouse of potato detoxicating micro potato, comparatively responsive to nutrient.For pre-disease prevention occurs, generally select vermiculite as cultivation matrix.Vermiculite is not containing the required nutrient of plant, and chemical fertilizer becomes the unique source of its nutrient.Yet vermiculite preserve moisture and fertility ability, far below soil, causes chemical fertilizer nutrient easily by seepage and volatilization loss, causes utilization rate of fertilizer low, and underground water and air is caused to severe contamination.There is the fertilizer nutrient serious problem that runs off in land for growing field crops potato, greatly affects its output equally in producing.In addition, no matter be that micro potato or land for growing field crops potato are comparatively responsive to the ratio of soil ammonium-state and nitric nitrogen, their preference ammonium nitrogens.And common fertilizer nitrogen is nitric nitrogen through bacterium ammonium and nitrification rapid conversion in soil, be unfavorable for the g and D of potato.Therefore; develop the special-purpose advanced fertilizer of a kind of potato; can suppress nitrogen ammonium and nitrification; nutrient is slowly discharged; can control the loss of chemical fertilizer nutrient again, improve nutrientuse efficiency, in the ecotope of the protection place of production; promote potato high yield, become potato and produce the great Science and Technology problem that upper urgent need solves.
Existing advanced chemical fertilizer is mainly Slow/Controlled Release Fertilizers and the large class of sustained-release fertilizer two.Slow/Controlled Release Fertilizers refers to the fertilizer that can slow down or control nutrient releasing speed.BASF AG of Germany is the pioneer who manufactures slow release fertilizer, and nineteen twenty-four is obtained first patent of manufacturing urea-formaldehyde fertilizer.After this, the state such as the U.S., Japan, Germany, Canada, Israel has also developed slow/controlled release chemical fertilizer technology.20 century 70s start, and the development history of slow/controlled release chemical fertilizer has been opened by China, and the units such as Shenyang Inst. of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University develop the slow/controlled release chemical fertilizer such as urase (or nitrated) inhibition type, Envelope type.In existing Slow/Controlled Release Fertilizers, urase (or nitrated) inhibition type has the advantages such as technique is simple, cost is low, environmental protection with respect to coated control release fertilizer, only need to add a small amount of urease inhibitor or nitrification inhibitor or the two title complex in nitrogenous fertilizer and just can play slow releasing function.Urease inhibitor can suppress the hydrolysis rate of urea, the volatilization of minimizing ammonium nitrogen and nitrated, its mechanism of action has: stop up the activity site of soil urease to hydrolysis of urea, or the Redox Condition of micro-ecological environment in change soil, or upset the pathways metabolism of the microorganism that can produce urase, thereby reduction urease activity, and then the decomposition rate of reduction urea.Nitrification inhibitor can suppress the activity of nitrobacteria in soil, thereby slows down ammonium nitrogen to the conversion of nitric nitrogen, is conducive to Crop and assimilation, and reduces the pollution problem that ammonium nitrogen is nitrated caused.Compound urase-the nitrification inhibitor of Shenyang Inst. of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences's research and development can regulate the conversion process of nitrogen, delays hydrolysis ammonium and the nitrated speed of Nitrogen In Soils fertilizer, can reach slow release NH
4 +object, can regulate and control again the ratio of ammonium nitrogen and nitric nitrogen.Yet, no matter which kind of fertilizer finally all will be decomposed into nutritive salt ion and just can be absorbed by plants.Because the space scale of nutritive salt ion and water molecules are in same magnitude, easily by approach such as seepage, runoff and volatilizations, to environment, shift, not only reduce its utilization ratio, and cause environmental pollution.That is to say, even if used Slow/Controlled Release Fertilizers, those losses that are released (or decomposition) nutrient out remain the important technological problems that needs solution.Particularly, concerning take the micro potato cultivation that vermiculite is matrix, this problem is especially outstanding.And urase-nitrification inhibitor also easily moves with chemical fertilizer nutrient is the same in surrounding medium, affects its effect.The sustained-release fertilizer of Hefei material science research institute of Chinese Academy of Sciences research and development, this fundamental issue for fertilizer, by controlled release agent (the attapulgite modified and composite thing of diatomite is main component), controlled the migration of nutrient in soil or surrounding medium, in arable layer, " hoard " nutrient, reduce the loss of nutrient.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of potato special slow release-sustained-release fertilizer.
Fertilizer provided by the invention, comprises following active principle: nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, diammonium phosphate, urase-nitrification inhibitor and controlled release agent;
Above-mentioned fertilizer also can only be comprised of said components.
Concrete, described fertilizer is comprised of the component of following each mass parts:
Nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 20-40 part, diammonium phosphate 15-30 part, urase-nitrification inhibitor 0.2-0.6 part and controlled release agent 4-6 part.
More specifically, described fertilizer is specifically comprised of the component of following each mass parts:
5 parts of 20 parts of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizers, 15 parts of diammonium phosphate, 0.4 part of urase-nitrification inhibitor and controlled release agents; Or,
4 parts of 40 parts of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizers, 30 parts of diammonium phosphate, 0.2 part of urase-nitrification inhibitor and controlled release agents; Or,
Nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 20-40 part, diammonium phosphate 15-30 part, urase-nitrification inhibitor 0.2-0.4 part and controlled release agent 4-5 part;
In described nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, the mass ratio of nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer is 12-16:12-16:12-16, is specially 15:15:15;
The quality of described nitrogenous fertilizer is in the nitrogen element in described nitrogenous fertilizer, and the quality of described phosphate fertilizer is in Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES, and the quality of described potash fertilizer is in potassium oxide;
Described urase-nitrification inhibitor is comprised of N-normal-butyl thiophosphoryl triamine and dihydro-amine; Wherein, the weight ratio of described N-normal-butyl thiophosphoryl triamine and dihydro-amine is (1-2): (2-3), be specially 1:1;
Described controlled release agent is comprised of plasma modification attapulgite and diatomite; Wherein, described plasma modification attapulgite and diatomaceous weight ratio are (1-2): (2-3), be specially 1:2.
Described plasma modification attapulgite obtains for being prepared as follows: by attapulgite irradiation in oxygen gas plasma;
In described irradiation steps, irradiation power is 800-1200W, is specially 1000W, and irradiation dose is 30-50kGy, is specially 40kGy, and irradiation time is 5-10 minute, is specially 10 minutes, and irradiation sample weight is 0.5-1 kilogram, is specially 0.7 kilogram.Described attapulgite purity is 60-70%, is specially 70%, and order number is 200-300 order, is specially 200 orders.
The fertilizing method of potato provided by the invention, comprises the steps: aforementioned fertilizer provided by the invention to apply in the cultivation matrix of described potato as base manure.
Described in aforesaid method, apply in step, rate of fertilizer application is 40-70kg/ mu, is specially 40kg/ mu, 65kg/ mu or 40-65kg/ mu.
The kind of described potato is micro potato or land for growing field crops potato;
Described micro potato is specially blue or green potato 168 micro potatos;
Described land for growing field crops potato is specially Favorita land for growing field crops potato.
The principle of above-mentioned fertilizing method is: first urease inhibitor delays the ammonium speed of urea, and then nitrification inhibitor slows down the rate of nitrification of ammonium nitrogen, thereby plays the object of slowly-releasing.The ammonium nitrogen discharging can be stored in control and lose in the micro-nano network of material formation, has been equivalent to amplify the space scale of nutrient, thereby has reduced its mobility in soil filtering layer, reaches and controls the object running off.So this technology can make fertilizer slow release, can reduce the loss that discharges nutrient again, there is slowly-releasing and control mistake double effects.In addition, the micro-nano network in controlled release agent can also be controlled migration and the loss of urase-nitrification inhibitor, they and chemical fertilizer can not only be kept together, and strengthens slow release effect, and can alleviate the pollution of their loss to environment.
Chemical fertilizer is lost in the slowly-releasing that the present invention creates-control; slow down on the one hand the release of chemical fertilizer nutrient, control on the other hand and discharge and the loss of nutrient not absorbed by crops, further improve nutrientuse efficiency; promote micro potato high yield, preserve the ecological environment simultaneously.Therefore; by slow-release fertilizer and the coupling of control mistake technology; utilizing control to lose micro-nano network that material self-assembly forms stores chemical fertilizer nutrient and urase or nitrification inhibitor; can not only control the loss of chemical fertilizer nutrient; and can control the migration of urase or nitrification inhibitor; improve its slow release effect, when preserving the ecological environment, the degree of depth improves potato yield.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is further elaborated, but the present invention is not limited to following examples.Described method is ordinary method if no special instructions.Described starting material all can obtain from open commercial sources if no special instructions.
In following embodiment and contrast, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer used is purchased from western Shandong Chemical Group company limited, and production code member is potassium sulfate compound fertilizer material, and the mass ratio of nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer is 15:15:15;
Described urase-nitrification inhibitor is all for N-normal-butyl thiophosphoryl triamine and dihydro-amine by weight ratio 1:1 form;
Controlled release agent used is all for being that 1:2 forms by plasma modification attapulgite and diatomite weight ratio.
Wherein, plasma modification attapulgite obtains for being prepared as follows: by 1 kilogram of purity, be that 70%, 200 object attapulgites are that under 1000W, the irradiation dose condition that is 40kGy, irradiation obtains for 10 minutes at irradiation power in oxygen gas plasma.
Embodiment 1
20 parts of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizers and 15 parts of diammonium phosphate are evenly composite, then add urase-nitrification inhibitor and 5 parts of controlled release agents of 0.4 part, evenly mix, obtain fertilizer provided by the invention, be also potato special slow release-sustained-release fertilizer, be designated as slowly-releasing-sustained-release fertilizer 1.
Separately establish the contrast 1-3 of above-mentioned slowly-releasing-sustained-release fertilizer 1:
Wherein, contrast 1 and compare with slowly-releasing-sustained-release fertilizer 1, only do not add controlled release agent, also:
20 parts of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizers, 15 portions of even urase-nitrification inhibitors composite and 0.4 part of diammonium phosphate are evenly obtained by mixing;
Contrast 2 is compared with slowly-releasing-sustained-release fertilizer 1, does not only add urase-nitrification inhibitor, also:
By 20 parts of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizers, 15 parts of diammonium phosphate evenly composite and 5 parts of controlled release agents be evenly obtained by mixing;
Contrast 3 is compared with slowly-releasing-sustained-release fertilizer 1, does not only add controlled release agent and urase-nitrification inhibitor, also:
By 20 parts of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizers with 15 parts of diammonium phosphate are evenly composite is evenly obtained by mixing;
Blue or green potato 168 micro potatos of take are experimental cultivar, by slowly-releasing-sustained-release fertilizer 1, contrast 1 and 2 respectively in March, 2013 at Yinchuan Ping Jibao modern agriculture Demonstration Garden, according to the amount of 40kg/ mu, as base manure, spread fertilizer over the fields in the matrix (vermiculite) at Miniature potato, fertilization area is 1 mu.
With the above micro potato quantity of 3g, increase percentage and be designated as stimulation ratio, in August, gather, gained volume increase result is as follows:
The stimulation ratio of slowly-releasing-sustained-release fertilizer 1 is 23.7%, and contrasting 1 stimulation ratio is 13.0%, and contrasting 2 stimulation ratio is 18.5%; Compare with common fertilizer, wait nutrient fertilising, slowly-releasing-sustained-release fertilizer provided by the invention can significantly improve micro potato commodity potato rate, and successful is better than contrasting 1 and contrast 2.
In addition,, for land for growing field crops potato, slowly-releasing-control mistake chemical fertilizer effect of increasing production is also significantly better than contrasting 1 and uses separately with contrast 2.
Separately in the sampling of on March 8th, 2013 and on May 4th, 2013, gained slowly-releasing-sustained-release fertilizer 1 and contrast 1-3 on nutrient in micro potato vermiculite to affect result as shown in table 1:
Table 1, different fertilizer are processed the impact on nutrient in micro potato vermiculite
(note: the sample time of " in earlier stage " the corresponding 2013.3.8 in table 1; The sample time of " later stage " corresponding 2013.5.4)
As shown in Table 2, slowly-releasing-sustained-release fertilizer provided by the invention can significantly improve the utilising efficiency of three kinds of elements of nitrogen phosphorus potassium.
For vermiculite matrix, chemical fertilizer nutrient loss (earth pillar leaching method) decreased average more than 30%, is effectively alleviated environmental pollution.Urease inhibitor or nitrification inhibitor loss (earth pillar leaching method) reduce more than 15%, effectively strengthen slow release effect, and reduce environmental pollution.
Embodiment 2
40 parts of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizers and 30 parts of diammonium phosphate are evenly composite, then add urase-nitrification inhibitor and 4 parts of controlled release agents of 0.2 part, evenly mix, obtain fertilizer provided by the invention, be also potato special slow release-sustained-release fertilizer, be designated as slowly-releasing-sustained-release fertilizer 2.
Separately establish contrast 5 and the contrast 6 of above-mentioned slowly-releasing-sustained-release fertilizer 2:
Wherein, contrast 5 and compare with slowly-releasing-sustained-release fertilizer 2, only do not add controlled release agent, also:
40 parts of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizers, 30 portions of even urase-nitrification inhibitors composite and 0.2 part of diammonium phosphate are evenly obtained by mixing;
Contrast 6 is compared with slowly-releasing-sustained-release fertilizer 2, does not only add urase-nitrification inhibitor, also:
By 40 parts of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizers, 30 parts of diammonium phosphate evenly composite and 4 parts of controlled release agents be evenly obtained by mixing;
The Favorita land for growing field crops potato of take is experimental cultivar, by slowly-releasing-sustained-release fertilizer 2, contrast 5 and 6 respectively in May, 2013 on Nehe Laolai farm, Harbin, according to the amount of 65kg/ mu, as base manure, spread fertilizer over the fields in the land for growing field crops of potato matrix (vermiculite), fertilization area is 100 mu.
With weight, increase per-cent and be designated as stimulation ratio, gained volume increase result is as follows:
The land for growing field crops potato gross weight of slowly-releasing-sustained-release fertilizer 2 increases 30%(and compares with formula common fertilizer with waiting nutrient); Big-and-middle potato (>75g) weight volume increase 15%;
The land for growing field crops potato gross weight of contrast 5 increases 6.8%(and compares with formula common fertilizer with waiting nutrient); Big-and-middle potato weight volume increase 9.2%;
The land for growing field crops potato gross weight of contrast 6 increases 9.2%(and compares with formula common fertilizer with waiting nutrient); Big-and-middle potato weight volume increase 10.6%.
Visible, compare with common fertilizer, wait nutrient fertilising, slowly-releasing-sustained-release fertilizer provided by the invention can significantly improve the commodity potato rate of potato, and successful is better than contrasting 5 and contrast 6.
Claims (10)
1. a fertilizer, comprises following active principle: nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, diammonium phosphate, urase-nitrification inhibitor and controlled release agent.
2. fertilizer according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described fertilizer is comprised of described nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, diammonium phosphate, urase-nitrification inhibitor and controlled release agent.
3. fertilizer according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: described fertilizer is comprised of the component of following each mass parts:
Nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 20-40 part, diammonium phosphate 15-30 part, urase-nitrification inhibitor 0.2-0.6 part and controlled release agent 4-6 part.
4. according to the arbitrary described fertilizer of claim 1-3, it is characterized in that: in described nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, the mass ratio of nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer is 12-16:12-16:12-16, is specially 15:15:15;
The quality of described nitrogenous fertilizer is in the nitrogen element in described nitrogenous fertilizer, and the quality of described phosphate fertilizer is in Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES, and the quality of described potash fertilizer is in potassium oxide.
5. according to the arbitrary described fertilizer of claim 1-4, it is characterized in that: described urase-nitrification inhibitor is comprised of N-normal-butyl thiophosphoryl triamine and dihydro-amine;
The weight ratio of described N-normal-butyl thiophosphoryl triamine and dihydro-amine is (1-2): (2-3).
6. according to the arbitrary described fertilizer of claim 1-5, it is characterized in that: described controlled release agent is comprised of plasma modification attapulgite and diatomite;
Described plasma modification attapulgite and diatomaceous weight ratio are (1-2): (2-3);
The order number of described plasma modification attapulgite is 200-300 order.
7. fertilizer according to claim 6, is characterized in that: described plasma modification attapulgite obtains for being prepared as follows: by attapulgite irradiation in oxygen gas plasma;
In described irradiation steps, irradiation power is 800-1200W, and irradiation dose is 30-50kGy, and irradiation time is 5-10 minute, and irradiation sample weight is 0.5-1 kilogram.
8. a fertilizing method for potato, comprises the steps: the arbitrary described fertilizer of claim 1-7 to apply in the cultivation matrix of described potato as base manure.
9. method according to claim 8, is characterized in that: described in apply in step, rate of fertilizer application is 40-70kg/ mu.
10. method according to claim 8 or claim 9, is characterized in that: the kind of described potato is micro potato or land for growing field crops potato;
Described micro potato is specially blue or green potato 168 micro potatos;
Described land for growing field crops potato is specially Favorita land for growing field crops potato.
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| CN201310498621.2A CN103553846B (en) | 2013-10-22 | 2013-10-22 | Special slow release-controlled release fertilizer for potatoes |
| PCT/CN2014/000938 WO2015058468A1 (en) | 2013-10-22 | 2014-10-21 | Sustained-release/controlled-release fertilizer |
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| CN201310498621.2A CN103553846B (en) | 2013-10-22 | 2013-10-22 | Special slow release-controlled release fertilizer for potatoes |
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| CN104261957A (en) * | 2014-07-30 | 2015-01-07 | 严中明 | Fertilizer special for potatoes and preparation and use methods thereof |
| CN104341238A (en) * | 2014-07-30 | 2015-02-11 | 青岛嘉禾丰肥业有限公司 | Special multilayer coated insect and bacteria killing fertilizer for potatoes |
| WO2015058468A1 (en) * | 2013-10-22 | 2015-04-30 | 中国科学院微生物研究所 | Sustained-release/controlled-release fertilizer |
| CN104817374A (en) * | 2015-04-03 | 2015-08-05 | 苏州金润生物环保科技有限公司 | Organic spray-seeding greening base and preparation method thereof |
| CN104892330A (en) * | 2015-05-06 | 2015-09-09 | 辽宁绿源生物肥业有限公司 | Stable controlled-release fertilizer and production technology thereof |
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| CN104341238A (en) * | 2014-07-30 | 2015-02-11 | 青岛嘉禾丰肥业有限公司 | Special multilayer coated insect and bacteria killing fertilizer for potatoes |
| CN104261957A (en) * | 2014-07-30 | 2015-01-07 | 严中明 | Fertilizer special for potatoes and preparation and use methods thereof |
| CN105646054A (en) * | 2014-11-14 | 2016-06-08 | 中国科学院微生物研究所 | Special potato foliar fertilizer and special potato foliar fertilizer additive |
| CN104817374B (en) * | 2015-04-03 | 2018-03-02 | 苏州金润生物环保科技有限公司 | A kind of organic spraying and seeding afforesting base material and preparation method thereof |
| CN104817374A (en) * | 2015-04-03 | 2015-08-05 | 苏州金润生物环保科技有限公司 | Organic spray-seeding greening base and preparation method thereof |
| CN104892330A (en) * | 2015-05-06 | 2015-09-09 | 辽宁绿源生物肥业有限公司 | Stable controlled-release fertilizer and production technology thereof |
| CN105075637A (en) * | 2015-09-07 | 2015-11-25 | 中国科学院微生物研究所 | Potato cultivation method |
| CN105439755A (en) * | 2016-01-12 | 2016-03-30 | 广西鹿寨化肥有限责任公司 | Loss control type eucalyptus compound fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN106995329A (en) * | 2016-01-25 | 2017-08-01 | 中国科学院微生物研究所 | A kind of fertilizer synergist and use its organic fertilizer |
| CN109122159A (en) * | 2018-09-03 | 2019-01-04 | 四川农业大学 | A kind of potato planting subtracts nitrogen synergisting method |
| CN109734510A (en) * | 2019-02-20 | 2019-05-10 | 籍艳华 | One kind is loosened the soil fertilizer conservation fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN111908964A (en) * | 2020-05-14 | 2020-11-10 | 中国科学院微生物研究所 | Stable synergistic fertilizer additive and preparation method thereof |
| CN112573967A (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2021-03-30 | 中盐安徽红四方肥业股份有限公司 | Special synergistic loss-control fertilizer for corn and preparation method thereof |
| CN112573967B (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2023-03-28 | 中盐安徽红四方肥业股份有限公司 | Special loss-control fertilizer for corn and preparation method thereof |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN103553846B (en) | 2015-03-11 |
| WO2015058468A1 (en) | 2015-04-30 |
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