CN111226560B - Facility vegetable fertilizing method for reducing nitrogen leaching loss and application thereof - Google Patents
Facility vegetable fertilizing method for reducing nitrogen leaching loss and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111226560B CN111226560B CN202010040897.6A CN202010040897A CN111226560B CN 111226560 B CN111226560 B CN 111226560B CN 202010040897 A CN202010040897 A CN 202010040897A CN 111226560 B CN111226560 B CN 111226560B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
- C05B1/02—Superphosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
Abstract
The invention provides a facility vegetable fertilizing method for reducing nitrogen leaching loss and application thereof, relating to the technical field of facility vegetable cultivation; the fertilizing method has the advantages that by optimizing the application amount of the fertilizer and combining the fertilizer synergist, the yield and the quality of the facility tomatoes are improved, meanwhile, the leaching loss of nitrogen is reduced, the operability is high, and the fertilizing method has important significance for protecting the groundwater environment and improving the cultivated land quality. The yield of the single-season tomatoes can reach 135.80t/hm by using the fertilizing method2The yield of the two crops can reach 342.06t/hm2(ii) a In tomato quality research, except that the nitrate content is obviously reduced (the reduction amount is as high as 39%), other quality indexes have no obvious influence; meanwhile, the apparent utilization rate and the partial productivity of the fertilizer can be improved, and the total nitrogen accumulated leaching amount is reduced (the highest reduction is 15.99%); in addition, the fertilizer is added in the production or planting process of the fertilizer, and has very wide application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of protected vegetable cultivation, and particularly relates to a protected vegetable fertilizing method for reducing nitrogen leaching loss and application thereof.
Background
With the reform of agricultural supply side in China, more and more agricultural productivity is inclined to the planting of vegetables with high added value, the planting area of the vegetables in China is increased year by year, the planting area of the vegetables in 2016 year in China reaches 2232.8 ten thousand hectares, and the increase of the planting area of the facility vegetable field is greatly contributed. Vegetable growers can perform long-term excessive fertilization (particularly nitrogen fertilizer) irrigation for blindly pursuing yield, and the facility vegetable land has good heat preservation and temperature control effects and is less influenced by external environmental conditions, so that the multiple cropping index is higher, excessive application of the fertilizer causes excess of soil nutrients, and the fertilizer is easy to be leached and moved down along with a large amount of irrigation water, thereby bringing great nitrogen and phosphorus pollution risk to underground water.
Research shows that the nitrate leaching amount in the leacheate collected in soil with the depth of 0-100 cm in facility vegetable land with shouguang in Shandong reaches about 120 kgN.hm-2And can directly cause groundwater pollution. Therefore, on the premise of ensuring the quality improvement and the efficiency enhancement of the facility tomatoes, the research on the fertilizing method for reducing the nitrogen leaching loss in the facility vegetable field soil has important significance for reducing the production cost of farmers and protecting underground water resources. At present, partial research foundation is provided in the aspect of reducing nitrogen leaching loss of facility vegetable lands, for example, Chinese patent document (CN200610041235.0) discloses an environment-friendly composite material for controlling nitrogen fertilizer loss and application thereof; chinese patent document (CN200710026065.3) discloses an environment-friendly composite material for controlling the loss of nitrogen fertilizer; chinese patent document No. (CN201510437628.2) discloses a preparation having both nitrification inhibition and urease inhibition functions; chinese patent document (CN201710690787.2) discloses a composite material for preventing nitrogen and phosphorus leaching loss in a protected vegetable field and application thereof. However, in the above scheme, mainly by adding a polymer composite material or an organic solvent to soil, although leaching loss of nitrogen in soil can be reduced, secondary pollution to soil may be caused by application of an exogenous polymer composite material.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention aims to provide a facility vegetable fertilizing method for reducing nitrogen leaching loss, which reduces nitrogen leaching loss while improving the yield and quality of facility tomatoes, has strong operability, and has important significance for protecting groundwater environment and improving the quality of cultivated land.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a method for fertilizing greenhouse vegetables capable of reducing nitrogen leaching loss, wherein base fertilizer is applied before the greenhouse vegetables are sown, additional fertilizer is applied for 7 times in the growth period of the greenhouse vegetables, and the total application amount of the base fertilizer and the 7 additional fertilizer is N-P2O5-K2And O, the total fertilizing amount per mu is as follows: n46.8 kg, P2O540.3kg and K2O 61.8kg。
Preferably, the fertilizer synergist is applied along with the fertilizer during the base fertilizer application and 7 topdressing.
Preferably, the fertilizer synergist comprises dicyandiamide (DCD) and n-butyl thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT).
Preferably, the mass ratio of the dicyandiamide to the n-butyl thiophosphoric triamide is 10: 1.
Preferably, the total dosage of the dicyandiamide is 0-5% of the mass of the N, and the total dosage of the N-butyl thiophosphoryl triamide is 0-5% of the mass of the N.
Preferably, the acre fertilization amount of the base fertilizer is as follows: n33.7 kg, P2O535.5kg and K233.7kg of O, wherein the mass of the fertilizer synergist applied along with the base fertilizer is 0-5.5% of the mass of the N.
Preferably, the amount of the fertilizer synergist is the same every time of top dressing, and the quality of the fertilizer synergist used in top dressing is the same every time of top dressing.
The invention also provides application of the fertilization method in improving the quality of the facility vegetables.
The invention also provides application of the fertilization method in protecting underground water.
The invention also provides application of the fertilizing method in improving the cultivated land quality.
The invention provides a facility vegetable fertilizing method for reducing nitrogen leaching loss, which reduces nitrogen leaching loss while realizing improvement of yield and quality of facility tomatoes by a scheme of optimizing the application amount of a chemical fertilizer and combining the chemical fertilizer with a fertilizer synergist, has strong operability, and has important significance for protecting groundwater environment and improving the quality of cultivated land. In the embodiment of the invention, taking protected tomatoes as an example, the first season tomatoes treated by the fertilizing method of the invention have the yield of DN1 (optimized fertilization + 2.5% DCD + 0.25% NBPT), DN2 (optimized fertilization + 5% DCD + 0.5% NBPT) and DN3 (optimized fertilization + 1.25% DCD + 0.125% NBPT) which are treated by the synergistic technique and are obviously higher than that of FP (conventional fertilization) except for OPT (optimized fertilization), wherein DNThe yield of the 3 process was significantly higher than the rest of the process, reaching 135.80t/hm2. The yield of the tomato in the second season treated by each synergistic technology is not obviously different from that of the tomato in the FP treatment. The total yield of the tomatoes in two seasons is basically consistent with the results of the first season, namely, the yield of DN1, DN2 and DN3 processed by synergistic technology is obviously higher than that of FP processed except OPT, wherein the total yield of DN3 processed is obviously higher than that of other processed, and reaches 342.06t/hm2(ii) a In tomato quality research, except that the nitrate content is obviously reduced (the reduction amount is as high as 39%), other quality indexes have no obvious influence; meanwhile, the apparent utilization rate of the fertilizer and the partial productivity of the fertilizer can be improved, and the total nitrogen accumulated leaching amount is reduced (the maximum reduction is 15.99%).
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph of the effect of different fertilization regimes on tomato yield;
figure 2 is a graph of the effect of different fertilization protocols on the volume of leachant during the growth period of two-season tomatoes.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a method for fertilizing greenhouse vegetables capable of reducing nitrogen leaching loss, wherein base fertilizer is applied before the greenhouse vegetables are sown, additional fertilizer is applied for 7 times in the growth period of the greenhouse vegetables, and the total application amount of the base fertilizer and the 7 additional fertilizer is N-P2O5-K2And O, the total fertilizing amount per mu comprises the following components: n46.8 kg, P2O540.3kg and K2O 61.8kg。
The present invention is not particularly limited in the kind of the facility vegetables, and preferably includes facility tomatoes. The dosage of the base fertilizer is preferably applied per mu: n33.7 kg, P2O535.5kg and K2O33.7 kg, and the mass of the fertilizer synergist applied along with the base fertilizer is preferably 0-5.5% of the mass of the N. The nitrogen in the base fertilizer is preferably from the following sources: 15-15-15 (N-P)2O5-K2O complex fertilizer) and urea, phosphorus is preferably derived from calcium superphosphate, and potassium is preferably derived from potassium sulfate. In the present invention, when the base fertilizer is applied, it preferably further comprises: borax, magnesium sulfate, ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate and duck manure. The mu dosage of the base fertilizer is preferably as follows: 15-15-1575kg, 5kg of borax, 10kg of magnesium sulfate,5kg of ferrous sulfate, 5kg of zinc sulfate, 1.5kg of manganese sulfate, 202.5kg of calcium superphosphate, 10kg of duck manure, 48.92kg of urea and 44.12kg of potassium sulfate.
According to the invention, when the base fertilizer is applied, a fertilizer synergist is applied along with the fertilizer, the fertilizer synergist preferably comprises dicyandiamide (DCD) and N-butyl thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT), the total dosage of dicyandiamide is preferably 0-5% of the mass of N (expressed as 0-5% of DCD), and the total dosage of N-butyl thiophosphoric triamide is preferably 0-5% of the mass of N (expressed as 0-5% of NBPT). In the present invention, the mass ratio of dicyandiamide to n-butyl thiophosphoric triamide is preferably 10: 1. When the base fertilizer is applied, the mass of the fertilizer synergist applied along with the base fertilizer is preferably 0-5.5% of the mass of N, and more preferably, the fertilizer synergist comprises the following components: 2.5% DCD and 0.25% NBPT in combination, 5% DCD and 0.5% NBPT in combination and 1.25% DCD and 0.125% NBPT in combination, most preferably 1.25% DCD and 0.125% NBPT in combination.
The invention can be used for top dressing for 7 times in the growth period of the facility vegetables, and the top dressing amount is preferably the same in each time. The total amount of the top dressing is preferably the total fertilizing amount minus the base fertilizer amount. In the invention, only N-P is preferably applied in the topdressing2O5-K2The O compound mixed fertilizer (or water soluble fertilizer) is preferably applied by 13-4-18 times during the first topdressing and 16-9-36 times during the subsequent 6 topdresses. The sources of 13-4-18 and 16-9-36 are not particularly limited in the invention, and the strict mixture ratio is only required according to the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, in the embodiment of the invention, the preparation method of 13-4-18 preferably comprises the following steps of: 28.26kg of urea, 7.69kg of monopotassium phosphate and 30.77kg of potassium sulfate; the preparation method of 16-9-36 preferably comprises, per 100 kg: 34.78kg of urea, 17.31kg of monopotassium phosphate and 60.23kg of potassium sulfate. The period of each additional fertilization is not particularly limited, but the first fertilization is preferably performed 50d to 65d after the field planting, the second fertilization is preferably performed 50d to 65d after the first fertilization, the third fertilization is preferably performed 18d to 25d after the second fertilization, and the additional fertilization is preferably performed every 12d to 18 d. The using amount of the top dressing is preferably the same every time. In the invention, during each additional fertilization, the fertilizer synergist is preferably applied along with the fertilizer, and each additional fertilization is preferably carried outWhen the fertilizer is used, the amount of the fertilizer synergist is preferably the same.
The invention also provides application of the fertilization method in improving the quality of the facility vegetables.
In the embodiment of the invention, the greenhouse tomatoes are taken as an example, the content of nitrate in the greenhouse tomatoes can be obviously reduced by using the fertilizing method, and the content of reducing VC, soluble sugar, organic acid and the like is not obviously influenced, so that the fertilizing method can be used for improving the quality of the greenhouse vegetables.
The invention also provides application of the fertilization method in protecting underground water.
In the embodiment of the invention, the fertilizer application method can reduce the volume of the leaching solution in the growth period of the tomatoes in two seasons to different degrees, and can reduce the possibility of pollution of underground water by nitrogen and phosphorus.
The invention also provides application of the fertilizing method in improving the cultivated land quality.
In the embodiment of the invention, the apparent utilization rate of nitrogen and the partial productivity of the fertilizer can be improved by using the fertilizing method, so that the using amount of the fertilizer is reduced, and the quality of cultivated land is improved.
The method for applying fertilizer to vegetables under the present invention to reduce nitrogen leaching loss and the application thereof will be described in detail with reference to the following examples, which should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The supply crop is a tomato, the first crop variety is 168, the planting time is 10 and 8 days in 2017, the seedling pulling time is 24 days in 3 and 24 months in 2018, the second crop variety is Pingwang I, the planting time is 4 and 1 days in 2018, and the seedling pulling time is 30 days in 7 and 30 months in 2018. Total 5 treatments, each with 3 repetitions, cell area 45.5m2The planting density is 5.4 ten thousand plants/hm2. The test treatments are as follows:
conventional treatment (FP): the amount of the two crops per mu is 66.8-83-91.8, wherein 45-75-45 parts of base application is carried out, and the rest is carried out for 7 times of topdressing;
optimized fertilization treatment (OPT): the dosage per mu is 46.8-40.3-61.8, wherein the base application is 33.7-35.5-33.7, and the rest is topdressing for 7 times;
optimized fertilization treatment (DN 1): optimized fertilization treatment + 2.5% DCD + 0.25% NBPT;
optimized fertilization treatment (DN 2): optimized fertilization treatment + 5% of DCD + 0.5% of NBPT;
optimized fertilization treatment (DN 3): optimized fertilization treatment + 1.25% of DCD + 0.125% of NBPT;
DCD and NBPT are added according to the corresponding proportion of the nitrogen dosage each time, for example, 2.5% DCD in DN1 is 2.5% of the DCD dosage of the total nitrogen dosage, and the specific dosage is shown in Table 1:
TABLE 1 fertilization comparison table (kg/mu)
1. Effect of different fertilization protocols on tomato yield
The statistical results are shown in table 2 and figure 1,
table 2 effect of different fertilization protocols on tomato yield
In table 2, different letters represent the significance analysis of differences, it can be seen that the yield of the first season tomatoes, except the OPT treatment, synergistic technology treatment DN1, DN2 and DN3 was significantly higher than the FP treatment, wherein the yield of DN3 treatment was significantly higher than the rest of the treatments, up to 135.80t/hm2. The yield of the tomato in the second season treated by each synergistic technology is not obviously different from that of the tomato in the FP treatment. The total yield of the two-season tomatoes is basically consistent with the result expressed in the first season, namely DN1, DN2 and DN3 are processed by synergistic technology except OPT processingThe yield was significantly higher than the FP treatment, with the total yield of DN3 treatment significantly higher than the remaining treatments, up to 342.06t/hm2。
2. Effect of different synergistic technological treatments on tomato quality
The nutrition quality analysis of the tomato is carried out, and the results are shown in table 3, and each synergistic technology obviously reduces the nitrate content of the tomato (average in two seasons), but does not have obvious influence on other quality indexes.
TABLE 3 Effect of different synergistic techniques on the quality of two-crop tomatoes
3. Influence of different synergistic techniques on total nitrogen leaching loss of two-season tomato in growth period
The effect of different synergistic techniques on the volume of the leachant during the growth period of the two-season tomatoes is shown in table 4 and fig. 2, and compared with the FP treatment, each synergistic technique treatment reduces the volume of the leachant during the growth period of the two-season tomatoes to different degrees, wherein the nitrogen leaching amount of DN3 is the lowest, and is 325.74kg/hm2Compared with FP treatment, the reduction is 15.99 percent, and reaches a significant level.
Wherein F is total nitrogen leaching loss (kg/hm)2) N represents the number of times of farmland runoff (surface runoff or subsurface leaching) in the monitoring period, ViRepresents the water amount (L) of the ith stream; ciRepresents the concentration of nitrogen contaminants (mg/L) of the ith stream; s is the area (m) of the monitoring unit2) 1.50m × 0.80m ═ 1.2m2(ii) a f is a conversion coefficient, which is the loss of non-point source pollutant (mg/m) from the monitoring unit2) Converted into the loss of non-point source pollutants per hectare (kg/hm)2) The specific numerical value of the time conversion coefficient is determined according to the area of the monitoring unit.
TABLE 4 Effect of different synergistic techniques on the volume of the drench solution during the growth period of two-season tomatoes
| Volume of drenching solution | kg/hm2 |
| FP | 387.73a |
| OPT | 347.90ab |
| DN1 | 360.87ab |
| DN2 | 352.56ab |
| DN3 | 325.74b |
4. Influence of different synergistic techniques on utilization rate of two-season tomato fertilizer
The results are shown in table 5, the nitrogen apparent utilization and fertilizer partial productivity (PFP) of treatments DN1, DN2 and DN3 are significantly higher than those of FP treatment; in general, the fertilizer utilization rate of DN3 was relatively high.
TABLE 5 Effect of different synergy techniques on the utilization of two season tomato fertilizers
5. Influence of different synergistic techniques on the yield of two-season tomatoes
Specific benefit analysis is shown in Table 6, differentEconomic benefit analysis of synergistic technology (two crops of tomatoes), compared with FP treatment, each synergistic technology has better yield-increasing effect, wherein the yield-increasing effect of DN3 treatment is the best, and 7.58 ten thousand yuan/hm is increased compared with FP treatment2. In addition, the additive treated by DN3 has the lowest cost, is added in the production or planting process of the fertilizer, and has very wide application prospect.
TABLE 6 analysis of economic benefits of different synergistic techniques (two tomato crops)
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A fertilizer application method for facility vegetables for reducing nitrogen leaching loss is characterized in that base fertilizer is applied before facility vegetables are sown, and additional fertilizer is applied for 7 times in the growth period of the facility vegetables; the total fertilizing amount of the base fertilizer and the 7-time additional fertilizer is N-P2O5-K2And O, the total fertilizing amount per mu comprises the following components: n46.8 kg, P2O540.3kg and K2O 61.8kg；
Applying a fertilizer synergist along with the fertilizer during the base fertilizer application and the topdressing for 7 times;
the fertilizer synergist comprises a combination of dicyandiamide and n-butyl thiophosphoryl triamide, wherein the mass ratio of dicyandiamide to n-butyl thiophosphoryl triamide is 10: 1;
the mu fertilizing amount of the base fertilizer is as follows: n33.7 kg, P2O535.5kg and K2O 33.7kg；
The mass of the additional fertilizer is the same every time, and the mass of the dicyandiamide is 2.5%, 5% or 1.25% of the mass of the N of the additional fertilizer every time of the additional fertilizer;
topdressing for the first time 50 d-65 d after field planting, topdressing for the second time 50 d-65 d after the first time, topdressing for the third time 18 d-25 d after field planting of the second crop of greenhouse vegetables, and topdressing for the first time every 12 d-18 d;
the facility vegetables include tomatoes.
2. Use of the fertilization method of claim 1 to improve quality of a facility vegetable.
3. Use of the fertilization method of claim 1 to protect groundwater.
4. Use of the fertilization method of claim 1 to improve the quality of cultivated land.
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