CN103483097B - Fertilizer special for saline-alkali soil corns and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Fertilizer special for saline-alkali soil corns and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN103483097B
CN103483097B CN201310478394.7A CN201310478394A CN103483097B CN 103483097 B CN103483097 B CN 103483097B CN 201310478394 A CN201310478394 A CN 201310478394A CN 103483097 B CN103483097 B CN 103483097B
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fertilizer
parts
urea
soil
corn
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CN103483097A (en
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杨治平
张强
王永亮
郭彩霞
郭军玲
李磊
王斌
赵瑞芬
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Institute of Agricultural Environment and Resource, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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Shanxi Qiangye Agricultural Science & Technology Co ltd
INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURAL ENVIRONMENT AND RESOURCE SHANXI ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
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Abstract

The invention discloses a fertilizer special for saline-alkali soil corns and a preparation method thereof. The formula of the fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 23-25 parts of N, 11-13 parts of P2O5, 5-7 parts of K2O, 7-9 parts of humic acid, 3-5 parts of Zn, 1 part of a plant physiological regulator precursor L-tryptophan and 1 part of L-phenylalanine. The fertilizer disclosed by the invention has the following advantages: 1, the pH value of the saline-alkali soil can be effectively reduced, the soil structure can be improved, the accumulation of salts on the surface of the soil is alleviated, and the nutrient of the soil is activated; 2, the added plant physiological regulator precursor can promote the growth of root systems of the saline-alkali soil corns, improve the activity of the root systems of the corns, and play roles in promoting and strengthening roots; 3, the problem that the corns are deficient in phosphorus during the seedling stage can be effectively solved, the nitrogen supply of the corns in the later stage of growth is ensured, and the problems of denitrification, nutrient imbalance and the like in the later stage can be avoided; 4, the product has the components of a quick result nitrogen fertilizer and a slow-release nitrogen fertilizer, and the production cost of the product is lower than that of a common sustained or controlled release product on the market.

Description

Saltings corn fertilizer and preparation method thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to chemical fertilizer and preparation method thereof, particularly relate to and be a kind ofly suitable for special fertilizer of saltings, China inland corn single fertilization and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
There is 9913.3 ten thousand hectares, saltings in China, and wherein Saline reaches 6,000,000 hectares.Rational exploitation and utilization saline soil cultivated land resource, plough to China and increase, increases in grain production have very important meaning.
Saline-alkali soil contains too much solubility salt, and they can increase the osmotic pressure of the soil solution and cause plant to produce physiological drought, affect crop root development and growth.Great amount of soluble salt causes soil physico-chemical property to worsen, and suppresses crop normal growth.Traditional improvement saltings measure comprises two aspects: on the one hand, and application water resources industry takes the table of irrigating salinity in flushing measure removal soil to gather; On the other hand, use biological control measure and chemical modifying measure to improve soil physico-chemical property, increase soil fertility, improve the edatope of plant growth.
Traditional alkaline land improving technology adopts the broad irrigation desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching, the chemistry such as a large amount of use gypsum, cow dung and Gao Dan type composite fertilizer and biological modification agent implement ameliorative measure to salt affected soil the entire profile, input cost is high, effect is slow, and disposable the applying of high concentration fertilizer can aggravate the too high suppression growth of seedling of salt affected soil root in seedling stage district nutrient density.
Such as, Chinese patent " organic-inorganic resists saline and alkaline long-acting corn fertilizer " (CN 101948353 A) discloses a kind of organic-inorganic and resists saline and alkaline long-acting corn fertilizer, its principal feature is that nutrient is complete, containing 20 multiple elements, have employed macroelement, medium trace element, humic acid and sustained release drug.But from the angle analysis of Plant Nutrition, to the demand of nutrient, crop should consider that crop nutrition content absorbing rule also will consider the supply rule of soil nutrient, not say that the nutrient applied is more complete better.And a large amount of nutrient elements simply mixes and easily chemical reaction occurs, and causes the caking of fertilizer, antagonistic action can occur in being manured into soil between some element, reduce fertilizer efficiency.In addition, with the addition of sustained release drug in patent, is all generally urease inhibitor or nitrification inhibitor.A large amount of results of study shows, the consistent effect of urease inhibitor or nitrification inhibitor is difficult to more than 2 months, simultaneously effect extremely unstable.
Summary of the invention
The problems referred to above that the present invention exists to solve current saltings corn fertilizer, provide a kind of special fertilizer being suitable for saltings, China inland corn single fertilization.
The present invention adopts following technical scheme to realize:
A kind of saltings corn fertilizer, comprises the component of following parts by weight: N 23-25 part, P 2o 511-13 part, K 2o 5-7 part, humic acid 7-9 part, Zn 3-5 part, plant physiological regulator precursor substance L-Trp 1 part, L-Phe 1 part.
Above-mentioned saltings corn fertilizer adopts customary preparation methods adding liquid binding agent to be prepared from, and does not repeat secondary.The kind of nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer, zinc fertilizer is also a lot, and those skilled in the art just can meet wherein N, P by simple calculating 2o 5, K 2the proportional amount demand of O, Zn.
Above-mentioned saltings corn fertilizer mainly for Seedling Root Systems In Maize on saltings usually because high salt concentration endangers, root growth is suppressed, the problem that root is small and weak, have developed a kind of novel saltings corn fertilizer adding plant physiological regulator (hormone) precursor substance.This precursor substance can be plant hormone by the microbial transformation at soil root interface, promotes the growing of saltings maize root system, and increases maize root system salinity and alkalinity resistance, thus improves the utilization ratio of crop to soil and fertilizer nutrient.
Preferably, P described in above-mentioned corn fertilizer 2o 5come from monoammonium phosphate or diammonium phosphate; Described K 2o comes from potassium sulfate; Particle nitro humus acid selected by humic acid; Described Zn comes from macrobead zinc sulfate; Described N comes from the nitrogen in common large grain urea, the sulfur coated controlled release urea of 60-90 days release and monoammonium phosphate or diammonium phosphate.
In nitrogen in described common large grain urea and monoammonium phosphate or diammonium phosphate and the sulfur coated controlled release urea that discharges for 60-90 days, the ratio of nitrogen is 1:2.
The preparation method of above-mentioned corn fertilizer is as follows:
(1), plant physiological regulator precursor substance L-Trp and L-Phe and common large grain urea mixes, and adopts cylinder comminution granulation adding liquid binding agent to make L-Trp and L-Phe evenly be wrapped in common urea outside surface;
(2), by the sulfur coated controlled release urea of step (1) gained L-Trp and L-Phe coated common urea and release in 60-90 days and selected phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer, humic acid, zinc fertilizer fully mix, obtain fertilizer product.
Nitrogenous fertilizer selected by above-mentioned corn fertilizer, mainly based on urea, on the basis furtheing investigate salt affected soil corn nutrient demand and soil supplying nutrient capability, determines the ratio of common urea (quick-acting component) and sulfur coated controlled release urea (slow component).By analysis, corn is in growth and development process, 1/3 of corn required nitrogen in all one's life is accounted for from the nitrogen be seeded into needed for the typhon mouth phase, nitrogen needed for from typhon mouth to the ripening stage accounts for 2/3 of corn required nitrogen in all one's life, for this reason, in the corn fertilizer of saltings, 1/3 of nitrogen total amount selects common urea, to supply corn from the demand of sowing-typhon mouth phase to nitrogen, and 2/3 of nitrogen total amount select release period be 60-90 days sulfur coated urea supply corn from the typhon mouth phase to the ripening stage to the demand of nitrogen, like this, reasonably combined by quick-acting nitrogen and controlled release nitrogen, just can meet corn time of infertility to the demand of nitrogen, there will not be later stage early ageing Denitrogenation.Select monoammonium phosphate or diammonium phosphate if consider in formula, can add a part of quick-acting nitrogen, thus, in the corn special-purpose fertilizer of the application saltings, the nitrogen content in common urea and the nitrogen content ratio-dependent in sulfur coated controlled release urea are 1:2.Utilize modern controlled-release technology to make special-purpose control-release fertilizer as requested, Zea mays root layer salinity and the too high problem of nutrient density can be solved by the slow releasing of nutrient.Therefore, by saltings root of the crop layer soil improvement, improve salt affected soil film micro area environment, reach and press down salt with fertilizer, activating rhizosphere nutrient, improves the application effect of the anti-salt salt resistance ability of farm crop and fertilizer.
Above-mentioned saltings corn fertilizer causes the bad and saltings of root system development de-fertile, excessive use of fertilizer of not enough corn later stage of applying fertilizer to cause again the problems such as salt damage aggravation in the corn planting of saltings, China inland by salt stress, have developed a kind of special slow-release or control-release fertilizer of novel saltings corn adding plant physiological regulator (hormone) precursor substance, have the following advantages:
1, with the addition of two kind of plant physiological regulation agent precursor substance L-Trp and L-Phes, these two kinds of precursor substances can be plant hormone by the microbial transformation at soil root interface, promote growing of saltings maize root system, increase maize root system salinity and alkalinity resistance, thus improve the utilization ratio of crop to soil and fertilizer nutrient.
2, with the addition of the sulfur coated controlled release urea of release period 60-90 days, form the release of nitrogen secondary, meet corn whole breeding time to nitrogen demand while, the slow releasing of nitrogen can also solve the disposable employed root system salt damage problem caused of common Gao Dan type composite fertilizer.And, avoid the drawback that common high-nitrogen compound fertilizer is too much for nitrogen at Maize at Seedling Stage, the later stage supplies nitrogen hunger.The coated fertilizer that sulfur coated controlled release urea adopts is sulphur, sulphur is used on saltings, effectively reduces soil pH, plays the nutrients such as activation alkaline land soil insoluble phosphorus, zinc, manganese, improve corn to the validity of these nutrien utilizations, especially improve Maize at Seedling Stage to effective utilization of phosphorus.
3, with the addition of particle nitro humus acid, have the effect reducing pH equally, can also exempt from physiological drought harm by adjusting corn root system, long-term application can increase the soil organism simultaneously, increases soil fertility.
4, fertilizer has instant nitrogenousfertilizer and Slowly release nitrogen fertilizer composition concurrently, and the common slow controlled release product of production cost relative market is lower, and this fertilizer saving of work and time disposable employed, is conducive to peasant's increasing both production and income, reduces production cost.
The present invention is reasonable in design, for the applying fertilizers scientifically of saline and alkaline region, China inland corn, salt affected soil improvement provide an effective solution route, has higher practical value, wide market.
Embodiment
Below specific embodiments of the invention are described in detail.
embodiment 1
A kind of saltings corn fertilizer, comprises the component of following parts by weight: N 24 parts, P 2o 512 parts, K 2o 6 parts, humic acid 8 parts, Zn 4 parts, plant physiological regulator precursor substance L-Trp 1 part, L-Phe 1 part.
Get 1 part in the present embodiment for 10kg, namely N is 240kg, P 2o 5for 120kg, K 2o is 60kg, and humic acid 80kg, Zn are 40kg, plant physiological regulator precursor substance L-Trp 10kg part, L-Phe 10kg.
Described phosphate fertilizer selects monoammonium phosphate or phosphoric acid diamines; Described potash fertilizer is potassium sulfate or Repone K; Particle nitro humus acid selected by humic acid; Described Zn fertilizer is macrobead zinc sulfate; Nitrogenous fertilizer is made up of the sulfur coated controlled release urea of common urea (comprising the common urea in phosphate fertilizer) and 60-90 days release.
The preparation method of above-mentioned saltings corn fertilizer is as follows:
(1) take common large grain urea (N:46%) 80kg, L-Trp 10kg and L-Phe 10kg, adopt cylinder comminution granulation adding liquid binding agent to make L-Trp and L-Phe evenly be wrapped in common urea outside surface.
(2) the sulfur coated controlled release urea 430kg(taking release in 60-90 days can from Jiangsu Chinese maple institutional purchase, N:37%, S:17%), diammonium phosphate (N:18%, P 2o 5: 46%) 250kg, granular potassium sulfate (K 2o:60%) 100kg, particle zinc fertilizer 40kg, particle nitro humic acid 80kg, and step (1) gained L-Trp and L-Phe coated common urea 100kg mechanically mixing, obtain saltings corn fertilizer 1000kg.
In above-mentioned fertilizer nitrogenous fertilizer, common urea (comprising the common urea in common large grain urea and phosphate fertilizer) and the blending ratio of sulfur coated controlled release urea are defined as 1:2, i.e. 80 × 46%+250 × 18%:430 × 37%=1:2.
According to the corn in Yi Jing village of Yi Jing township, Shuozhou City Ying County, Shanxi Province, potted plant and field experiment result, determines that the optimum amount of L-Trp and L-Phe is 7.5kg/hm 2, for the situation that alkaline land soil nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium nutrition deliverability are relatively low, corn to the demand of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium nutrition and a large amount of fields fertilizer test result, by average criterion output 9000-12000kg/hm 2calculate, determine the nitrogen in nitrogenous fertilizer, the P in phosphate fertilizer 2o 5with the K in potash fertilizer 2o consumption is respectively 172.5-187.5kg/hm 2, 82.5-97.5kg/hm 2, 37.5-52.5kg/hm 2.
So 1000kg special fertilizer prepared by the present embodiment can be applied to 1.33 hectares.
The corn fertilizer fertilizer efficiency monitoring of above-mentioned saltings is as follows:
With above-mentioned saltings corn fertilizer, be applied to the slight salt affected soil of pH value 8.7, carry out the proof test of following application effect.
Test site: Yi Jing village of Yi Jing township, Shuozhou City Ying County, Shanxi Province;
Test process is as follows:
1) contrast: traditional fertilization pattern;
2) process: apply saltings of the present invention corn fertilizer, amount of application: 50kg/ mu.
Plot area: 667m 2/ district.
Corn variety: first jade 335.
Field management is as follows:
Base manure: carry out soil before sowing and plough smooth, then apply fertilizer, bicarbonate of ammonia 50kg/ mu, normal superphosphate 50kg/ mu are used in contrast field.Saltings of the present invention corn fertilizer is applied, disposable employed amount 50kg/ mu in process field.
Sowing date: May 1.
Topdress: contrast field and traditional fertilization pattern impose urea 25 kg/ mu in the corn typhon mouth phase.
Results :-5 days on the 1st October.
Field investigation result is as follows:
Seedlings investigation: seedling rate is higher by 15% than contrast, plant height is than the high 3.5cm of contrast, and stem slightly increases 1.5cm than contrast; Individual plant underground part root WEIGHT RATIO Comparative weightening finish 21.2%, improving activity of root system improves 34.3% than contrast field.
Soil physical and chemical property investigation: 0-20cm root layer soil pH ratio basic soil decline 0.68 before broadcasting after the harvest corn of process field, salinity (Ec value) reduces by 23.5%.Rhizosphere of Crops soil available phosphorus content increases 2.3ppm than root district, promotes that root system phosphorus absorbs, lacks phosphorus phenomenon seedling stage and effectively corrected.
Yield result: grain yield treatment zone reaches 695kg/ mu, check plot is 523kg/ mu, and treatment zone grain yield increases by 32.9% than check plot.
embodiment 2
A kind of saltings corn fertilizer, comprises the component of following parts by weight: N 23 parts, P 2o 513 parts, K 2o 5 parts, humic acid 7 parts, Zn 5 parts, plant physiological regulator precursor substance L-Trp 1 part, L-Phe 1 part.
Get 1 part in the present embodiment for 5kg, namely N is 115kg, P 2o 5for 65kg, K 2o is 25kg, and humic acid 35kg, Zn are 25kg, plant physiological regulator precursor substance L-Trp 5kg part, L-Phe 5kg.
According to the corn in Lan Yu fort village of Lan Yu fort township, Tianzhen County, Datong, potted plant and field experiment result, determines that the optimum amount of L-Trp and L-Phe is 5kg/hm 2, so special fertilizer prepared by the present embodiment can be applied to 1 hectare.
The corn fertilizer fertilizer efficiency monitoring of above-mentioned saltings is as follows:
With above-mentioned saltings corn fertilizer, be applied to the moderate salt affected soil of pH value 9.4, carry out the proof test of following application effect.
Test site: Lan Yu fort village of Lan Yu fort township, Tianzhen County, Datong City, Shanxi Province.
Test process is as follows:
1) contrast: traditional fertilization pattern;
2) process: apply saltings of the present invention corn fertilizer, amount of application: 50kg/ mu.
Plot area: 667m 2/ district.
Corn variety: first jade 335.
Field management is as follows:
Base manure: carry out soil before sowing and plough smooth, then apply fertilizer, bicarbonate of ammonia 50kg/ mu, normal superphosphate 50kg/ mu are used in contrast field.Saltings of the present invention corn fertilizer is applied, disposable employed amount 50kg/ mu in process field.
Sowing date: May 6.
Topdress: the contrast field typhon mouth phase imposes urea 25 kg/ mu.
Results :-5 days on the 1st October.
Field investigation result:
Seedlings investigation: seedling rate is higher by 25% than contrast, plant height is than the high 4.2cm of contrast, and stem slightly increases 1.9cm than contrast; Individual plant underground part root WEIGHT RATIO Comparative weightening finish 25.5%, improving activity of root system improves 46.8% than contrast field.
Soil physical and chemical property investigation: 0-20cm root layer soil pH ratio basic soil decline 1.48 before broadcasting after the harvest corn of process field, salinity (Ec value) reduces by 25.5%.Rhizosphere of Crops soil available phosphorus content increases 2.1ppm than root district, promotes that root system phosphorus absorbs, lacks phosphorus phenomenon seedling stage and effectively corrected.
Yield result: grain yield treatment zone reaches 584kg/ mu, check plot is 420kg/ mu, and treatment zone grain yield increases by 39% than check plot.
embodiment 3
A kind of saltings corn fertilizer, comprises the component of following parts by weight: N 25 parts, P 2o 511 parts, K 2o 7 parts, humic acid 9 parts, Zn 3 parts, plant physiological regulator precursor substance L-Trp 1 part, L-Phe 1 part.
Get 1 part in the present embodiment for 7kg, namely N is 175kg, P 2o 5for 77kg, K 2o is 49kg, and humic acid 63kg, Zn are 21kg, plant physiological regulator precursor substance L-Trp 7kg part, L-Phe 7kg.
According to the corn in Jing Zhuan village of Jing Zhuan township, Hunyuan County, Datong, potted plant and field experiment result, determines that the optimum amount of L-Trp and L-Phe is 7kg/hm 2, so special fertilizer prepared by the present embodiment can just in time be applied to 1 hectare.
The corn fertilizer fertilizer efficiency monitoring of above-mentioned saltings is as follows:
With above-mentioned saltings corn fertilizer, be applied to the moderate salt affected soil of pH value 8.9, carry out the proof test of following application effect.
Test site: Jing Zhuan village of Jing Zhuan township, Hunyuan County, Datong City, Shanxi Province.
Test process:
1) contrast: traditional fertilization pattern;
2) process: apply saltings of the present invention corn fertilizer, amount of application: 50kg/ mu.
Plot area: 667m 2/ district.
Corn variety: first jade 335.
Field management is as follows:
Base manure: carry out soil before sowing and plough smooth, then apply fertilizer, bicarbonate of ammonia 50kg/ mu, normal superphosphate 50kg/ mu are used in contrast field.Saltings of the present invention corn fertilizer is applied, disposable employed amount 50kg/ mu in process field.
Sowing date: April 28.
Topdress: the contrast field typhon mouth phase imposes urea 25 kg/ mu.
Results: 30-October 2 September.
Field investigation result is as follows:
Seedlings investigation: seedling rate is higher by 19% than contrast, plant height is than the high 3.0cm of contrast, and stem slightly increases 2.1cm than contrast; Individual plant underground part root WEIGHT RATIO Comparative weightening finish 20.5%, improving activity of root system improves 31.5% than contrast field.
Soil physical and chemical property investigation: 0-20cm root layer soil pH ratio basic soil decline 1.08 before broadcasting after the harvest corn of process field, salinity (Ec value) reduces by 28.2%.Rhizosphere of Crops soil available phosphorus content increases 1.5ppm than root district, promotes that root system phosphorus absorbs, lacks phosphorus phenomenon seedling stage and effectively corrected.
Yield result: grain yield treatment zone reaches 628kg/ mu, check plot is 486kg/ mu, and treatment zone grain yield increases by 29% than check plot.

Claims (1)

1. a saltings corn fertilizer, is characterized in that: the component comprising following parts by weight: N 24 parts, P 2o 512 parts, K 2o 6 parts, humic acid 8 parts, Zn 4 parts, plant physiological regulator precursor substance L-Trp 1 part, L-Phe 1 part;
Described P 2o 5come from monoammonium phosphate or diammonium phosphate;
Described K 2o comes from potassium sulfate; Particle nitro humus acid selected by humic acid;
Described Zn comes from macrobead zinc sulfate;
Described N comes from the nitrogen in common large grain urea, the sulfur coated controlled release urea of 60-90 days release and monoammonium phosphate or diammonium phosphate; In nitrogen in described common large grain urea and monoammonium phosphate or diammonium phosphate and the sulfur coated controlled release urea that discharges for 60-90 days, the ratio of nitrogen is 1:2;
The preparation method of above-mentioned saltings corn fertilizer, comprises step as follows:
(1) the common large grain urea, in plant physiological regulator precursor substance L-Trp and L-Phe and nitrogenous fertilizer mixes, and adopts cylinder comminution granulation adding liquid binding agent to make L-Trp and L-Phe evenly be wrapped in common large grain urea outside surface;
(2), by the sulfur coated controlled release urea of release in step (1) gained L-Trp and L-Phe coated common urea and nitrogenous fertilizer 60-90 days and selected phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer, humic acid, zinc fertilizer fully mix, obtain fertilizer product.
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