CN111410572A - Water-fertilizer integrated drip irrigation water-soluble fertilizer for corn and fertilizing method - Google Patents
Water-fertilizer integrated drip irrigation water-soluble fertilizer for corn and fertilizing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111410572A CN111410572A CN201910009383.1A CN201910009383A CN111410572A CN 111410572 A CN111410572 A CN 111410572A CN 201910009383 A CN201910009383 A CN 201910009383A CN 111410572 A CN111410572 A CN 111410572A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
Abstract
The invention discloses a corn water-fertilizer integrated drip irrigation water-soluble fertilizer and a fertilizing method thereof, wherein the water-soluble fertilizer consists of a fertilizer containing fertility elements and a trace element fertilizer, and the fertilizer containing fertility elements comprises urea with the N content of 46.6%, N content of 12% and P2O561% monoammonium phosphate, K2Potassium sulfate with O content of 50% and the mixture ratio of N to P2O5∶K2O is 1, (0.3-0.5), (0.4-0.8); the microelement fertilizer comprises zinc fertilizer, manganese fertilizer, iron fertilizer, boron fertilizer and calcium fertilizer. The fertilization method of the water-soluble fertilizer adopts a drip irrigation and water-fertilizer integrated fertilization mode, and comprises fertilization from a seedling stage to a flowering stage and fertilization from the flowering stage to a mature stage. By adopting the water-fertilizer integrated drip irrigation water-soluble fertilizer for corn and the fertilizing method, the corn yield is improved, the average yield reaches over 1000 kg/mu, the water-fertilizer utilization efficiency is higher, and the fertilizer is prepared according to the fertilizer requirement rules of the corn in different growth periodsThe consumption is reduced by 20 percent, and the water saving reaches more than 35 percent, so the method can be widely popularized and applied.
Description
The technical field is as follows:
the invention relates to the technical field of corn planting, in particular to a water-fertilizer integrated drip irrigation water-soluble fertilizer for corn and a fertilizing method.
Background art:
corn is an important grain, feed and industrial raw material crop in China, and plays an important role in guaranteeing national grain safety. However, the improvement of the corn yield potential in China is obviously influenced by weather, particularly, due to the limitation of precipitation conditions, the fertilization effect is influenced by water resource conditions and other factors, the corn yield cannot play a due role, and the corn yield fluctuates, which is a prominent factor influencing the corn planting area, the benefit of farmers and even the national food safety.
With the development of water and fertilizer integration technology, the application of the water and fertilizer integration technology in field corn production is more and more extensive. The water-fertilizer integrated technology is an agricultural new technology integrating irrigation and fertilization, and is characterized by that it utilizes pressure system (or natural fall of terrain) to mix soluble solid or liquid fertilizer with irrigation water according to the nutrient content of soil and fertilizer-requiring rule and characteristics of crops, and utilizes the controllable pipeline system to supply water and fertilizer to make the water and fertilizer be dissolved together, and utilizes the pipeline and water dropper to form water drops so as to uniformly, regularly and quantitatively infiltrate the root system development and growth area of crops and make the soil of main root system retain loose and proper water content all the time. The water and fertilizer integration has the characteristic of water conservation, and can reduce deep seepage and evaporation of water, thereby reducing water consumption and improving the utilization efficiency of irrigation water; the water and fertilizer integration also has the characteristic of fertilizer saving, balanced fertilization and local fertilization can be realized by fertilizing in the irrigation process, volatilization and loss of the fertilizer can be reduced, the application amount of the fertilizer is reduced, and the utilization efficiency of the fertilizer is improved. Therefore, the fertilizer and the application method thereof are key problems influencing the application of the water and fertilizer integration technology in the corn production. However, the water and fertilizer integration technology has many problems in corn production, such as unreasonable nutrient proportion of corn water and fertilizer, no fertilizer with different nutrients required in each development stage provided according to the nutrient requirement rule of field corn, unreasonable fertilizer application period and water and fertilizer proportion, and the like. Therefore, in order to ensure stable corn yield and high water and fertilizer utilization efficiency and meet the fertilizer requirement rule of corn, the water and fertilizer integrated drip irrigation water-soluble fertilizer and the fertilizing method for corn are urgently needed.
The invention content is as follows:
the invention aims to provide a water-fertilizer integrated drip irrigation water-soluble fertilizer for corn and a fertilizing method, which can ensure stable corn yield and high water-fertilizer utilization efficiency, and meanwhile, the fertilizing method is scientific and reasonable according to fertilizer requirement rules of corn in different growth periods, so that the purposes of saving fertilizer and water are achieved.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a water-fertilizer integrated drip irrigation water-soluble fertilizer for corn is composed of a fertilizer containing fertility elements and a trace-element fertilizer, wherein the fertilizer containing fertility elements comprises urea with the N content of 46.6%, N content of 12% and P2O561% monoammonium phosphate, K2Potassium sulfate with 50% of O content, and trace element fertilizers including zinc fertilizer, manganese fertilizer, iron fertilizer, boron fertilizer and calcium fertilizer, and is characterized in that: the proportion of each component of the fertilizer containing fertility factors is N: P2O5∶K2O＝1:(0.3-0.5):(0.4-0.8)。
The microelement fertilizer is an amino acid chelate formed by amino acid with the purity of more than 99 percent and microelements such as zinc, manganese, iron, boron, calcium and the like. After the trace elements are chelated with the amino acid, a chelate with a stable structure is generated, the activity of enzyme in a crop body can be improved, the carbohydrate conversion is promoted, the seed plump is promoted, the crop photosynthesis and the protein synthesis are promoted, the yield is improved, the chlorophyll content of leaves is improved, the cold resistance and the salt tolerance are enhanced, and the disease resistance and the stress resistance of the crop are enhanced.
According to related research data, the method comprises the following steps: corn requires the absorption of various mineral nutrients from soil, wherein N is the most, K times is the most, and P is the third place. Generally, every 100kg of granules produced needs to absorb 2.5kg of pure N and P from soil2O51.2kg、K2O2.0kg，N∶P2O5∶K2The O ratio is about: 1: 0.48: 0.8. Thus, according to the relevant experimental conclusions: the corn needs 2.5 percent of N and P in the seedling stage2O51.12％、K2O3%, N51.15% and P are needed from jointing to flowering period2O563.81％、K2O97%, N46.35% and P in the period from flowering to maturity2O535.07 percent. Therefore, in order to ensure stable corn yield and high water and fertilizer utilization efficiency, the actual utilization efficiency of various fertilizers and the measures of returning straws to the field and the like are considered, and on the premise of maintaining the basically stable fertility of the soil, the total use amount per unit area of the main fertility of the corn in the whole growth period is recommended to be adopted: the dosage of pure N is 20 kg/mu, P2O5The dosage is 8 kg/mu, K2The using amount of O is 8 kg/mu, the fertilizing amount of the corn in the whole growth period is 36 kg/mu, and correspondingly, the proportion of each component of the fertilizer containing the fertility elements is preferably as follows: n: P2O5∶K2O＝20:8:8。
According to the fertilizer requirement rule of corn, the proportion of various fertilizers in different periods is different, and the fertilizer is mainly divided into the fertilizer from the jointing of corn to the flowering period and the fertilizer from the flowering period to the mature period, so that the invention provides two formulas of special fertilizers, wherein:
the fertilizer containing fertility elements in the special fertilizer for the corn from jointing to flowering phase comprises the following components in percentage by weight: n: P2O5∶K2O＝10:5:8；
The fertilizer containing fertility elements in the special fertilizer from the flowering period to the mature period comprises the following components in percentage by weight: n: P2O5∶K2O＝10:3:0。
When the two special fertilizers are prepared into the corn water-fertilizer integrated drip irrigation water-soluble fertilizer for use, the ratio of the fertilizer containing fertility elements to the trace element fertilizer is 49: 1, mixing and grinding the two.
The invention also provides a fertilizing method of the water-fertilizer integrated drip irrigation water-soluble fertilizer for the corn, which adopts a drip irrigation water-fertilizer integrated fertilizing mode and comprises fertilizing from a seedling stage to a flowering stage and fertilizing from the flowering stage to a mature stage, wherein:
(1) 44.27kg of the special fertilizer for jointing the corns to the flowering period is applied to each mu from the seedling period to the flowering period, and the fertilizer is applied for 6 times, namely 1 time in the last ten days of 5 months, 3 times in 6 months and 2 times in 7 months;
(2) the fertilizer special for the flowering period to the mature period is applied for 25.84kg per mu from the flowering period to the mature period, and is applied for 4 times, namely 1 time in late 7 months and 3 times in 8 months.
The fertilizer application time in the fertilizer application method is to apply the fertilizer in the middle of the irrigation period, and the fertilizer is directly delivered to the root range of the crops, so that the crops can be conveniently absorbed and utilized. The method specifically comprises the following steps: in the irrigation process, when the irrigation water amount reaches about 40% of the designed irrigation water amount, fertilization is started, and when the fertilization is finished when the irrigation water amount reaches about 80%, the residual 20% of the irrigation water amount is used for flushing the pipeline, and the fertilizer is conveyed to the root system range of crops.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
compared with the prior art, the water-fertilizer integrated drip irrigation water-soluble fertilizer for corn and the fertilizing method thereof have the advantages that the corn yield is improved, the average yield reaches more than 1000 kg/mu, the water-fertilizer utilization efficiency is high, the fertilizer consumption is reduced by 20% according to the fertilizer requirement rules of the corn in different growth periods, and the water conservation rate reaches more than 35%, so that the economic benefit can be increased, the adverse effect on the environment is reduced, and the water-fertilizer integrated drip irrigation water-soluble fertilizer can be widely popularized and applied.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the specific embodiments.
Example 1
A water-fertilizer integrated drip irrigation water-soluble fertilizer for corn is composed of a fertilizer containing fertility elements and a trace-element fertilizer, wherein the fertilizer containing fertility elements comprises urea with the N content of 46.6%, N content of 12% and P2O5The content is 61% of monoammonium phosphate, K2Potassium sulfate with O content of 50% and trace element fertilizer>99 percent of amino acid and zinc, manganese, iron, boron, calcium and other trace elements, and is used as a special fertilizer for corn from jointing to flowering stage: the proportion of each component of the fertilizer containing fertility factors is N: P2O5∶K2O＝10:5:8。
For 50kg of corn water-fertilizer integrated drip irrigation water-soluble fertilizer, 49kg of fertilizer containing fertility elements and 1kg of trace element fertilizer are mixed and ground.
Calculating the standard content of each component according to the proportion: setting the dosage of urea in the fertilizer containing fertility element as X1kg, the dosage of monoammonium phosphate is X2kg, the dosage of potassium sulfate is X3kg, obtained according to formulation design and the content of the fertilizer containing fertility factors:
X1+X2+X3＝49 (1)
N∶P2O5∶K2O＝10:5:8 (2)
N＝0.467X1+0.12X2(3)
P2O5＝0.61X2(4)
K2O＝0.50X3(5)
P2O5∶K2O＝5:8 P2O5＝0.61X2K2O＝0.50X30.61X2:0.50X3＝5:8
X2＝0.51X3
N∶P2O5＝10：4 N＝0.467X1+0.12X2P2O5＝0.61X2
(0.467X1+0.12X2)：0.61X2＝10：5
X1＝2.355X2＝1.201X3
X1＝21.72 X2＝9.21 X3＝18.07
from the above, it can be obtained: 50kg corn water and fertilizer integrated drip irrigationIn a special fertilizer for jointing corns to the flowering period, 21.72kg of urea (containing 46.7 percent of N), monoammonium phosphate (containing 12 percent of N and containing P)2O561%) 9.21kg, potassium sulfate (containing K)2O50%) 18.07 kg. In addition, 1kg of trace element fertilizer is added, which respectively comprises the following components: 0.50kg of zinc fertilizer and 0.125kg of trace element fertilizers of manganese, iron, boron and calcium respectively are added.
The main fertility level in the special fertilizer from maize jointing to flowering stage is as follows: n is a radical of>22％、P2O5>11％、K2O>18 percent, and the total fertility content of the fertilizer containing fertility elements is 51.8 percent>50 percent; the total content of trace elements of zinc, manganese, iron, boron and calcium is 2 percent.
Example 2
A water-fertilizer integrated drip irrigation water-soluble fertilizer for corn is composed of a fertilizer containing fertility elements and a trace-element fertilizer, wherein the fertilizer containing fertility elements comprises urea with the N content of 46.6%, N content of 12% and P2O561% monoammonium phosphate, K2Potassium sulfate with O content of 50% and trace element fertilizer>99 percent of amino acid and zinc, manganese, iron, boron, calcium and other trace elements, and is used for the special fertilizer from the flowering period to the mature period: the proportion of each component of the fertilizer containing fertility factors is N: p2O5∶K2O＝10:3:0。
For 50kg of corn water-fertilizer integrated drip irrigation water-soluble fertilizer, 49kg of fertilizer containing fertility elements and 1kg of trace element fertilizer are mixed and ground.
Calculating the standard content of each component according to the proportion: setting the dosage of urea in the fertilizer containing fertility element as X1kg, the dosage of monoammonium phosphate is X2kg, without using potassium sulfate, X30, the content of fertilizer containing fertility factor according to formulation design can be given as:
X1+X2＝49 (1)
N∶P2O5＝10:3:0 (2)
N＝0.467X1+0.12X2(3)
P2O5＝0.61X2(4)
N∶P2O5＝10:4 N＝0.467X1+0.12X2P2O5＝0.61X2
(0.467X1+0.12X2):0.61X2＝10:3
X1＝4.10X2
X1＝39.39 X2＝9.61 X3＝0
from the above, it can be obtained: 50kg of special fertilizer for corn water-fertilizer integrated drip irrigation from flowering period to mature period, 39.39kg of urea (containing N46.7%), monoammonium phosphate (containing N12% and containing P)2O561%) 9.61kg, potassium sulfate (containing K)2O50%) 0 kg. In addition, 1kg of trace element fertilizer is added, which respectively comprises the following components: 0.50kg of zinc fertilizer and 0.125kg of trace element fertilizers of manganese, iron, boron and calcium respectively are added.
The main fertility levels in the above special fertilizers from flowering to maturity are: n is a radical of>39％、P2O5>11 percent, and the total fertility content of the fertilizer containing fertility elements is 50.81 percent>50 percent; the total content of trace elements of zinc, manganese, iron, boron and calcium is 2 percent.
The water-fertilizer integrated drip irrigation water-soluble fertilizer for corn of the embodiment 1 to the embodiment 2 is applied in a drip irrigation water-fertilizer integrated fertilization mode respectively, after the fertilizer is dissolved in water, fertilizer liquid is injected into an irrigation system, and the fertilizer is applied to the vicinity of the root system of crops along with irrigation. Wherein: the fertilizing method comprises fertilizing time and fertilizing amount. According to the fertilization test results of many years, the fertilizer is applied in the middle of the irrigation period, the fertilizer can be directly delivered to the root system range of crops, and the crops can be conveniently absorbed and utilized. Specifically, in the irrigation process, fertilization is started when the irrigation water amount reaches about 40% of the designed irrigation water amount, fertilization is finished when the irrigation water amount reaches about 80%, and the rest 20% of the irrigation water amount is used for flushing a pipeline and conveying fertilizers to the root system range of crops. The specific fertilization types, fertilization times and fertilization amounts are shown in the following table 1:
table 1: the unit of the water-fertilizer integrated drip irrigation water-soluble fertilizer application method of the corn is as follows: kg/mu
The water-fertilizer integrated drip irrigation water-soluble fertilizer for corn of the embodiments 1 to 2 is applied to the water-fertilizer integrated drip irrigation test area of corn by the fertilizing method, and compared with the water-fertilizer integrated drip irrigation water-soluble fertilizer for corn of the embodiments 1 to 2, the water-fertilizer integrated drip irrigation water-soluble fertilizer for corn is applied to the furrow irrigation fertilization test area of corn, and the test results are as follows:
(1) according to the 2017 corn drip irrigation water and fertilizer integrated test result (the test area is 50 mu), when the effective precipitation amount is 286mm in the growth period, the corn is irrigated by drip irrigation for 11 times and fertilized for 10 times, and the irrigation quota is 240m3The pure fertilizing amount is 36 kg/mu, the average corn yield is 1150 kg/mu, and the water production efficiency reaches 2.93kg/m3。
(2) According to the 2018 corn drip irrigation water and fertilizer integrated test result (the area of a test area is 50 mu): the effective rainfall in the growth period is 185mm, the corn is irrigated by drip irrigation for 11 times and fertilized for 10 times, and the irrigation amount is 240m367.7 kg/mu of fertilizing amount, 36 kg/mu of pure fertilizing amount, 1146 g/mu of yield and 3.23kg/m of water production efficiency3。
(3) The test result of the corn furrow irrigation in 2017 (the test area is 30 mu), when the effective precipitation in the growth period is 286mm, the corn furrow irrigation is carried out for 4 times and the fertilization is carried out for 4 times, and the irrigation rate is 370m3Per mu, the total annual pure fertilization amount is 45 kg/mu, wherein N: 25 kg/mu, P2O5: 12 kg/mu, K2O: 8 kg/mu and the yield is 916.8 kg/mu.
(4) The corn furrow irrigation test result in 2018 (the test area is 30 mu), when the effective precipitation amount in the growth period is 185mm, the corn furrow irrigation is performed for 4 times and the fertilizer is applied for 4 times, and the irrigation rate is 370m3Per mu, the total annual pure fertilization amount is 45 kg/mu, wherein N: 25 kg/mu, P2O5: 12 kg/mu, K2O: 8 kg/mu and the yield of 1011.9 kg/mu.
Comparing the test results: compared with the corn furrow irrigation, the corn drip irrigation water and fertilizer integration saves water by 35.1 percent in 2017, reduces the fertilizer consumption by 20 percent and increases the yield by 25.4 percent; the water is saved by 35.1 percent in 2018, the fertilizer consumption is reduced by 20 percent, and the yield is increased by 13.25 percent.
Claims (8)
1. Corn waterFertile integration is driped irrigation water-soluble fertilizer comprises fertilizer and microelement fertilizer that contain the fertility key element, its characterized in that: the fertilizer containing fertility elements comprises urea with the N content of 46.6 percent, N content of 12 percent and P2O561% monoammonium phosphate, K2Potassium sulfate with O content of 50%, and trace element fertilizer including zinc fertilizer, manganese fertilizer, iron fertilizer, boron fertilizer and calcium fertilizer; the proportion of each component of the fertilizer containing fertility factors is N: P2O5∶K2O＝1:(0.3-0.5):(0.4-0.8)。
2. The integrated drip irrigation water-soluble fertilizer for the water and fertilizer of the corn of claim 1, which is characterized in that: the microelement fertilizer is an amino acid chelate formed by amino acid with the purity of more than 99 percent and microelements of zinc, manganese, iron, boron and calcium.
3. The integrated drip irrigation water-soluble fertilizer for the water and fertilizer of the corn of claim 1, which is characterized in that: the proportion of each component of the fertilizer containing fertility factors is N: P2O5∶K2O＝20:8:8。
4. The fertilizing method of the corn water-fertilizer integrated drip irrigation water-soluble fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the fertilization method adopts a drip irrigation water and fertilizer integrated fertilization mode, and comprises fertilization from a seedling stage to a flowering stage and fertilization from the flowering stage to a mature stage, wherein:
1) 44.27kg of special fertilizer for jointing corns to the flowering period is applied from the seedling stage to the flowering period, and the fertilizer is applied for 6 times in total, namely 1 time in the last ten days of 5 months, 3 times in 6 months and 2 times in 7 months;
2) the fertilizer special for the fertilizer is applied for 25.84kg per mu from the flowering period to the mature period, and is applied for 4 times, namely 1 time in late 7 months and 3 times in 8 months.
5. The fertilizing method of the corn water-fertilizer integrated drip irrigation water-soluble fertilizer as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: the fertilizer containing fertility elements in the special fertilizer for the corn from jointing to flowering phase comprises the following components in percentage by weight: n: P2O5∶K2O＝10:5:8。
6. The fertilizing method of the corn water-fertilizer integrated drip irrigation water-soluble fertilizer as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: the special fertilizer from the flowering period to the mature period comprises the following components in proportion: n: P2O5∶K2O＝10:3:0。
7. The fertilizing method of the corn water-fertilizer integrated drip irrigation water-soluble fertilizer as claimed in claim 5 or 6, characterized in that: when the special fertilizer for jointing corn to a flowering period and the special fertilizer for the flowering period to a mature period are prepared into the corn water-fertilizer integrated drip irrigation water-soluble fertilizer for use, the ratio of the fertilizer containing fertility elements to the trace element fertilizer is 49: 1, mixing and grinding the two.
8. The fertilizing method of the corn water-fertilizer integrated drip irrigation water-soluble fertilizer as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: the fertilizer application time in the fertilizer application method is to apply fertilizer in the middle of an irrigation period and directly send the fertilizer to the root system range of crops, and the fertilizer application time specifically comprises the following steps: in the irrigation process, when the irrigation water amount reaches about 40% of the designed irrigation water amount, fertilization is started, and when the fertilization is finished when the irrigation water amount reaches about 80%, the residual 20% of the irrigation water amount is used for flushing the pipeline, and the fertilizer is conveyed to the root system range of crops.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112174720A (en) * | 2020-11-09 | 2021-01-05 | 宁夏大学 | Joint-pulling fertilizer for water-fertilizer integrated planting of corn and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN113321545A (en) * | 2021-06-10 | 2021-08-31 | 山东农业大学 | Special water-soluble fertilizer for chemically synthesized corn and preparation method thereof |
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| CN102964163A (en) * | 2012-12-10 | 2013-03-13 | 甘肃黄羊河集团节水材料科技有限责任公司 | Special dripping-irrigating fertilizer for fruit corns and preparation method and application method thereof |
| AU2014101391A4 (en) * | 2014-09-01 | 2015-01-15 | Suunil Sudhakar Chaudhry | Multifunctional organic agricultural fertilizer composition and process for preparation thereof |
| CN104311203A (en) * | 2014-09-04 | 2015-01-28 | 河南科技大学 | Water and fertilizer integrated special fertilizer for corn and application method thereof |
| CN106818163A (en) * | 2017-01-17 | 2017-06-13 | 吉林省农业科学院 | For the corn water-fertilizer integral fertigation method of semiarid region |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102964163A (en) * | 2012-12-10 | 2013-03-13 | 甘肃黄羊河集团节水材料科技有限责任公司 | Special dripping-irrigating fertilizer for fruit corns and preparation method and application method thereof |
| AU2014101391A4 (en) * | 2014-09-01 | 2015-01-15 | Suunil Sudhakar Chaudhry | Multifunctional organic agricultural fertilizer composition and process for preparation thereof |
| CN104311203A (en) * | 2014-09-04 | 2015-01-28 | 河南科技大学 | Water and fertilizer integrated special fertilizer for corn and application method thereof |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112174720A (en) * | 2020-11-09 | 2021-01-05 | 宁夏大学 | Joint-pulling fertilizer for water-fertilizer integrated planting of corn and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN113321545A (en) * | 2021-06-10 | 2021-08-31 | 山东农业大学 | Special water-soluble fertilizer for chemically synthesized corn and preparation method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20200714 |