CN115380786A - Planting method for increasing flavor of Yunju No. 37 rice - Google Patents
Planting method for increasing flavor of Yunju No. 37 rice Download PDFInfo
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- CN115380786A CN115380786A CN202211339390.6A CN202211339390A CN115380786A CN 115380786 A CN115380786 A CN 115380786A CN 202211339390 A CN202211339390 A CN 202211339390A CN 115380786 A CN115380786 A CN 115380786A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/06—Coating or dressing seed
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of rice planting, in particular to a planting method for increasing the fragrance of Yunju No. 37 rice. The planting method for increasing the flavor of the Yunjing No. 37 rice comprises the following steps of S1 seedling raising: s11, preparing seedling raising tray soil; s12, seed soaking and germination accelerating; s13, sowing; s14, managing the rice seedling bed; s2, field preparation and transplanting; s21, preparing a field; s22, transplanting; s3, managing fertilizer and water; s31, a green turning and tillering stage; s32, a vegetative growth period; s33, in the reproductive period; s4, harvesting and airing the rice; s41, harvesting about 50 days after ear sprouting, and airing under natural illumination; s5, processing rice and detecting the content of the aromatic substance 2-AP. Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a planting method for increasing the fragrance of the Yunju No. 37 rice, the content of the fragrance substance 2-AP of the obtained Yunju No. 37 rice is obviously improved, the fragrance increasing effect is obvious, the rice quality is improved, and the market competitiveness of the rice is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rice planting, in particular to a planting method for increasing the fragrance of Yunju No. 37 rice.
Background
Yunjing No. 37 is a new japonica rice soft rice variety developed by the research institute of grain crops at the academy of agricultural sciences in Yunnan province, has a Badh2 gene regulating and controlling the fragrance of rice, is rich in fragrance and excellent in taste quality, is highly favored by consumers, has the price 3-4 times that of common rice, has very remarkable rice benefit in producing and selling the variety, and has more than 60 rice industry enterprises in the whole province to develop the rice of the variety. However, in recent years, with the expansion of the planting area of Yunju No. 37, the cultivation measures adopted for planting Yunju No. 37 in various places are different, the quality difference of the produced Yunju No. 37 rice is large, the fragrance of the rice processed by most rice industry enterprises is weak, the taste of the Yunju No. 37 rice is affected, and the yield value of the Yunju No. 37 rice is reduced. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a planting method capable of increasing the flavor of Yujing No. 37 rice.
Over 200 volatile substances have been found in rice, of which 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline is the main component of rice aroma. Research shows that besides the flavor of rice is determined by the genetic characteristics of the variety, the climate conditions, soil texture and cultivation measures can directly influence the synthesis of rice flavor substances. Therefore, the rice flavor can be increased by changing the planting method of rice without changing the climate conditions and the soil texture.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a planting method for increasing the fragrance of Yunju No. 37 rice, the content of a fragrant substance 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2-AP) of the obtained Yunju No. 37 rice is obviously improved, the fragrance enhancing effect is obvious, the rice quality is improved, and the market competitiveness of the rice is improved.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows: a planting method for increasing the fragrance of Yunju No. 37 rice is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, seedling raising:
s11, preparing seedling raising tray soil: smashing and sieving clean paddy field soil or dry land soil without weed seeds, and mixing the smashed and sieved paddy field soil or dry land soil with 6-8 mm sieve pores with a special seedling raising matrix for increasing aroma;
s12, seed soaking and germination accelerating: the rice seeds are tedded for 20 to 26 hours and then soaked, 25 percent of thiacloprid, pyrrol, shuangling (Mishuping) suspension seed coating agent is used for soaking for 2 to 3 days, the dosage is 600 ml/100 kg of seeds, and after water is drained, the seeds are germinated for 1 day in a greenhouse or an incubator at the temperature of about 35 ℃;
s13, sowing: sowing in last ten days of 4 months, wherein the sowing quantity of each disc is 100-110 g, and about 25 discs of seeds are sowed in each mu of land; after sowing, stacking seedling trays, namely stacking 20-25 trays, and placing a seedling tray filled with soil and not sown on the tray to cover the tray; after the trays are stacked, a wet blanket is used for covering, heat preservation and moisture preservation, 20-25 stacks of the trays are directly placed in a greenhouse or a room with higher temperature, and the temperature is controlled within 38 ℃;
s14, seedling bed management: when the seedling of the seedling tray seeds is about 5mm, the seedling tray is moved into a greenhouse, the temperature is kept at about 25 ℃, and the seedling is transplanted after about 35 days of age; before transplanting seedlings, 10 g/mu of 40% chlorantraniliprole (fuge) water dispersible granules and 60 ml/mu of azoxystrobin suspoemulsion are adopted as grafting medicines, namely, two medicines are respectively sprayed on the seedlings on a seedling tray to prevent and control plant diseases and insect pests such as rice blast, chilo suppressalis, rice leaf roller and the like after the seedlings are transplanted;
s2, field preparation and transplanting:
s21, preparing a field: leveling field blocks by ploughing one field with two rakes, ploughing the field by using a tractor, applying 400-500 kg of organic fertilizer as base fertilizer per mu, soaking the field in water for 1 day, and then raking the field twice to ensure that the height difference of the field blocks is less than 3cm;
s22, transplanting: transplanting in the middle ten days of 5 months, wherein the seedling age is about 35 days, the row spacing is 25 multiplied by 15cm, each cluster of 3 seedlings is about, and shallow transplanting is carried out;
s3, fertilizer and water management:
s31, a green turning and tillering stage: after the seedlings are transplanted, the water layer is not more than 2cm within 1 week, and after the seedlings are turned green, 40 kg of special fertilizer for increasing the aroma is applied to each mu;
s32, vegetative growth period: the water layer is about 1cm; spraying 70% thiophanate methyl wettable powder 120 g/mu at a tillering peak stage to prevent and control rice blast, spraying 9% methyl-indoxacarb suspending agent 20 ml/mu to prevent and control rice stem borers and rice leaf rollers, drying the field at the end of medical application for about 7 days, drying the field until cracks are formed on the surface, seeing white roots on the surface, and maintaining a 1cm water layer after rehydration; 10 yellow or blue pest sticking plates are respectively arranged in each mu of rice field to prevent and control rice planthoppers, thrips and other hazards;
s33, reproductive period: in the heading stage and the grouting setting stage, irrigating with less water, and adopting an irrigation mode of slight falling dry and soil water potential of-25 +/-5 kPa;
s4, harvesting and airing the paddy:
s41, harvesting after 50 days of ear sprouting when more than 90% of grains are mature, spreading under natural illumination for airing for 2-3 days after harvesting, and processing rice when the water content reaches about 15%;
s5, processing rice and detecting the content of the fragrant substance 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline:
s51, processing: hulling with small brown rice machine, and polishing brown rice with small rice polishing machine;
s52, detecting the content of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline: 2-AP content detection is carried out by using headspace solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography (HS-SPME-GC).
In the step S11, paddy soil or dry land soil is mixed with a special aroma-enhancing seedling raising substrate according to a ratio of 2.
Preferably, in step S31, the special fertilizer for enhancing aroma comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50 to 80 parts of organic fertilizer, 20 to 30 parts of straw powder, 20 to 30 parts of urea, 12 to 20 parts of silicon-calcium-magnesium-phosphorus fertilizer, 10 to 15 parts of potassium sulfate, 0.5 to 2 parts of lanthanum chloride, 3 to 5 parts of amino acid, 5 to 12 parts of zinc sulfate, 3 to 5 parts of urease inhibitor, 3 to 5 parts of nitrification inhibitor and 0.3 to 1 part of zymogen agent.
Preferably, the microbial agent comprises bacillus subtilis, gordonia gougeron, streptomycete, lactobacillus plantarum and acinetobacter in a mass ratio of 1.
The invention solves the defects in the background technology and has the following beneficial effects:
1. the content of 2-AP in the Yunju No. 37 rice prepared by the method is between 0.56 and 0.67mg/kg, and is far higher than the content of 2-AP in the Yunju No. 37 rice in the current market (below 0.35 mg/kg). Therefore, the content of the aromatic substance 2-AP of the Yunjing No. 37 rice obtained by the method is obviously improved, the taste quality of the rice is obviously improved, and the market value of the rice is improved.
2. The aroma-enhancing planting method adopted by the invention is realized by using the special seedling raising substrate for aroma enhancement and applying the special fertilizer for aroma enhancement at one time. The main components of the special seedling raising substrate for increasing the fragrance are plant ash, humus and a microbial agent. The main component of the plant ash is potassium carbonate, and the plant ash can promote the germination and root growth of Yunjing No. 37 seeds; the humus soil has high organic matter content and can provide nutrient substances for seedling growth. And secondly, the plant ash and the humus soil also contain trace elements such as calcium, magnesium, iron, boron, zinc, copper, silicon, phosphorus and the like, so that the expression of the flavor gene of the Yujing No. 37 rice can be favorably regulated and controlled. The streptomyces and the bacillus subtilis have good farmland soil remediation effects, the acinetobacter has strong functions of pesticides such as sulfur and phosphorus, trifluralin, dimethoate and butachlor in degradation rate, the Gordoniella kurdonii has an obvious reduction function on residual nitrogen in soil, the addition of the lactobacillus plantarum greatly improves the fermentation and bacterium cleaning functions of floras, and the microbial inoculum can establish an ecological growth environment with beneficial bacterium advantages through the synergistic effect of multiple floras, can form an antagonistic effect on other harmful bacteria, can reduce rice diseases and improve soil, can obviously improve the micro-ecological environment of crop rhizosphere soil, further provides nutrient components for plant growth, improves the utilization rate of fertilizers, and is beneficial to the growth of No. 37 Yungunya seedlings.
3. The special aroma-enhancing fertilizer applied at one time in the tillering stage contains elements of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, zinc, lanthanum, magnesium, silicon, urease inhibitor, nitrification inhibitor, a large amount of beneficial microbial flora and organic matter mixture, belongs to stable fertilizer, controls hydrolysis through the urease inhibitor, controls nitrification through the nitrification inhibitor, gradually releases nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer according to different stages of rice growth, and controls conversion and metabolism of ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen. The proportion of ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen in the soil is coordinated, the assimilation level of metabolism of elements such as phosphorus, potassium, zinc, lanthanum, magnesium and silicon is improved, and the maximization of No. 37 Yunjing photosynthesis and the biosynthesis of rice aroma substance 2-AP are finally realized.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A planting method for increasing the fragrance of Yujing No. 37 rice is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, seedling raising:
s11, preparing seedling raising tray soil: smashing and sieving clean paddy field soil or dry land soil without weed seeds, and mixing the clean paddy field soil or dry land soil with 6-8 mm sieve pores and a seedling raising matrix according to a ratio of 2; the seedling raising substrate comprises plant ash, humus and a microbial agent in a mass ratio of 1. The microbial agent comprises bacillus subtilis, gordonia goureanum, streptomycete, lactobacillus plantarum and acinetobacter in a mass ratio of 1.
S12, seed soaking and germination accelerating: the rice seeds are turned over and dried for 24 hours and then soaked, the seeds are soaked for 2 to 3 days by using 25 percent of thiacloprid, pyrroles, frost-like agents (Mishuping) suspending seed coating agents, the using dosage is 600 ml/100 kg of seeds, and after water is drained, the seeds are germinated for 1 day in a greenhouse or an incubator at the temperature of about 35 ℃.
S13, sowing: sowing in ten days of 4 months, wherein the sowing quantity of each disc is 105g, and 23 discs are sown in each mu of field; stacking the seedling trays after sowing, stacking 23 trays, and placing a seedling tray which is filled with soil but not sown on the stacked tray; covering with wet blanket, keeping warm and moisturizing, and directly placing in a greenhouse or room with high temperature at a temperature of 38 deg.C after stacking 23 stacks;
s14, seedling bed management: when the seedling of the seedling tray seeds is about 5mm, the seedling tray is moved into a greenhouse, the temperature is kept at about 25 ℃, and the seedling is transplanted about 35 days old; before transplanting seedlings, 10 g/mu of 40% chlorantraniliprole (fuge) water dispersible granules and 60 ml/mu of bactericide 18.7% propiconazole and azoxystrobin suspoemulsion are used as grafting medicines; the two medicaments are respectively sprayed on the seedlings on the seedling tray to prevent and control diseases and insect pests such as rice blast, chilo suppressalis, rice leaf roller and the like after the seedlings are transplanted;
s2, field preparation and transplanting:
s21, preparing a field: leveling field blocks by ploughing one field with two rakes, ploughing the field by using a tractor, applying 400-500 kg of organic fertilizer as base fertilizer per mu, soaking the field in water for 1 day, and then raking the field twice to ensure that the height difference of the field blocks is less than 3cm;
s22, transplanting: transplanting in the middle ten days of 5 months, wherein the seedling age is about 35 days, the row spacing is 25 multiplied by 15cm, each cluster of 3 seedlings is about, and shallow transplanting is carried out;
s3, fertilizer and water management:
s31, a green turning and tillering stage: after the seedlings are transplanted, the water layer is not more than 2cm within 1 week, and after the seedlings are turned green, 40 kg of special fertilizer for increasing the aroma is applied to each mu; the special aroma-enhancing fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 70 parts of organic fertilizer, 25 parts of straw powder, 23 parts of urea, 16 parts of silicon-calcium-phosphorus-magnesium fertilizer, 12 parts of potassium sulfate, 4 parts of urease inhibitor, 4 parts of nitrification inhibitor, 1 part of lanthanum chloride, 4 parts of amino acid, 10 parts of zinc sulfate and 0.5 part of fermentation inoculant. The organic fertilizer, the straw powder, the urease inhibitor, the nitrification inhibitor and the amino acid are fully mixed according to the proportion, then the fermentation microbial inoculum is added for full fermentation, and the moisture is reduced to about 20 percent by air drying. Adding urea, silicon-calcium-phosphorus-magnesium fertilizer, potassium sulfate fertilizer, lanthanum chloride and zinc sulfate into the mixture according to a certain proportion, uniformly stirring, and finally granulating by using a granulator to obtain the special fertilizer for increasing the aroma by using granules with the diameter of 3 mm.
S32, vegetative growth period: the water layer is about 1cm; spraying 70% thiophanate methyl wettable powder 120 g/mu at a tillering peak stage to prevent and control rice blast, spraying 9% methyl-indoxacarb suspending agent 20 ml/mu to prevent and control rice stem borers and rice leaf rollers, drying the field at the end of medical application for about 7 days, drying the field until cracks are formed on the surface, seeing white roots on the surface, and maintaining a 1cm water layer after rehydration; 10 yellow or blue sticky trap plates are respectively arranged in each mu of rice field to prevent and control rice planthopper, thrips and other hazards.
S33, reproductive period: and (3) irrigating with less water in the heading period and the grouting setting period, wherein the irrigation mode of slight falling and soil water potential of-25 +/-5 kPa is adopted.
S4, harvesting and airing the paddy:
s41, harvesting after 50 days of ear sprouting, wherein more than 90% of grains are mature, spreading the harvested grains under natural illumination for airing for 2-3 days, and processing the rice when the water content reaches about 15%;
s5, processing rice and detecting the content of the fragrant substance 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline:
s51, processing: hulling with small brown rice machine, and whitening with small rice polisher;
s52, detecting the content of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline: detection was performed by headspace solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography (HS-SPME-GC).
According to the method of this example, yunju No. 37 rice was planted for 3 mu, and the harvested rice was subjected to measurement of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2-AP) content. The average content of 2-AP in the rice is 0.67mg/kg.
Example 2
A planting method for increasing the fragrance of Yujing No. 37 rice is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, seedling raising:
s11, preparing seedling raising tray soil: smashing and sieving clean paddy field soil or dry land soil without weed seeds, and mixing the clean paddy field soil or dry land soil with 6-8 mm sieve pores and a seedling raising matrix according to a ratio of 2; the seedling raising substrate comprises plant ash, humus and a microbial agent in a mass ratio of 1. The microbial agent comprises bacillus subtilis, gordonia goureanum, streptomycete, lactobacillus plantarum and acinetobacter in a mass ratio of 1.
S12, seed soaking and germination accelerating: the rice seeds are tedded for 26 hours and then soaked, the seed is soaked for 2 to 3 days by using 25 percent of thiacloprid pyrrol frost-like (Mishuping) suspension seed coating agent, the dosage is 600 ml/100 kg of seeds, and the seeds are germinated for 1 day in a greenhouse or an incubator at the temperature of about 35 ℃ after water is drained.
S13, sowing: sowing in ten days of 4 months, wherein the sowing quantity of each disc is 110g, and 20 discs are sowed in each mu of field; after sowing, stacking seedling trays, namely stacking 20 trays, and placing a seedling tray filled with soil and not sown on the stacked tray; covering with wet blanket, keeping warm and moisturizing, and directly placing 20 stacks in a greenhouse or room with high temperature, wherein the temperature is controlled within 38 deg.C;
s14, seedling bed management: when the seedling of the seedling tray seeds is about 5mm, the seedling tray is moved into a greenhouse, the temperature is kept at about 25 ℃, and the seedling is transplanted about 35 days old; before transplanting seedlings, 10 g/mu of 40% chlorantraniliprole (fuge) water dispersible granules and 60 ml/mu of bactericide 18.7% propiconazole and azoxystrobin suspoemulsion are used as grafting medicines; the two medicaments are respectively sprayed on the seedlings on the seedling tray to prevent and control diseases and insect pests such as rice blast, chilo suppressalis, rice leaf roller and the like after the seedlings are transplanted;
s2, field preparation and transplanting:
s21, preparing a field: leveling field blocks by ploughing one field with two rakes, ploughing the field by using a tractor, applying 400-500 kg of organic fertilizer as base fertilizer per mu, soaking the field in water for 1 day, and then raking the field twice to ensure that the height difference of the field blocks is less than 3cm;
s22, transplanting: transplanting in the middle ten days of 5 months, wherein the seedling age is about 35 days, the row spacing is 25 multiplied by 15cm, each cluster of 3 seedlings is about, and shallow transplanting is carried out;
s3, fertilizer and water management:
s31, a green turning and tillering stage: after the seedlings are transplanted, the water layer is not more than 2cm within 1 week, and after the seedlings are turned green, 40 kg of special aroma-enhancing fertilizer is applied to each mu; the special aroma-enhancing fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 80 parts of organic fertilizer, 30 parts of straw powder, 30 parts of urea, 20 parts of silicon-calcium-phosphorus-magnesium fertilizer, 15 parts of potassium sulfate, 5 parts of urease inhibitor, 5 parts of nitrification inhibitor, 2 parts of lanthanum chloride, 5 parts of amino acid, 12 parts of zinc sulfate and 1 part of fermentation fungicide. The organic fertilizer, the straw powder, the urease inhibitor, the nitrification inhibitor and the amino acid are fully mixed according to the proportion, then the fermentation microbial inoculum is added for full fermentation, and the moisture is reduced to about 20 percent by air drying. Adding urea, silicon-calcium-phosphorus-magnesium fertilizer, potassium sulfate, lanthanum chloride and zinc sulfate into the mixture according to a certain proportion, uniformly stirring, and finally granulating by using a granulator to obtain the special fertilizer for increasing the aroma by using granules with the diameter of 3 mm.
S32, vegetative growth period: the water layer is about 1cm; spraying 70% thiophanate methyl wettable powder 120 g/mu at a tillering peak stage to prevent and control rice blast, spraying 9% methyl indoxacarb suspending agent 20 ml/mu to prevent and control rice stem borers and rice leaf rollers, sunning the field at the end stage for about 7 days until cracks are formed on the surface, white roots are seen on the surface, and rehydrating is carried out to keep a 1cm water layer; 10 yellow or blue pest sticking plates are respectively arranged in each mu of rice field to prevent and control rice planthopper, thrips and other hazards.
S33, reproductive period: and (3) irrigating with less water in the heading period and the grouting setting period, wherein the irrigation mode of slight falling and soil water potential of-25 +/-5 kPa is adopted.
S4, harvesting and airing the paddy:
s41, harvesting after 50 days of ear sprouting, wherein more than 90% of grains are mature, spreading the harvested grains under natural illumination for airing for 2-3 days, and processing the rice when the water content reaches about 15%;
s5, processing rice and detecting the content of the fragrant substance 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline:
s51, processing: hulling with small brown rice machine, and whitening with small rice polisher;
s52, detecting the content of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline: detection was performed by headspace solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography (HS-SPME-GC).
According to the method of this example, 3 mu of Yunju No. 37 rice was planted, and the harvested rice was subjected to measurement of the 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2-AP) content. The average content of 2-AP in the rice is 0.62mg/kg.
Example 3
A planting method for increasing the fragrance of Yujing No. 37 rice is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, seedling raising:
s11, preparing seedling raising tray soil: smashing and sieving clean paddy field soil or dry land soil without weed seeds, and mixing the clean paddy field soil or dry land soil with 6-8 mm sieve pores and a seedling raising matrix according to a ratio of 2; the seedling raising substrate comprises plant ash, humus and a microbial agent in a mass ratio of 1. The microbial agent comprises bacillus subtilis, gordonia goureanum, streptomycete, lactobacillus plantarum and acinetobacter in a mass ratio of 1.
S12, seed soaking and germination accelerating: the rice seeds are turned over and dried for 20 hours and then soaked, the seeds are soaked for 2 to 3 days by using 25 percent of thiacloprid, pyrroles, frost-like agents (Mishuping) suspending seed coating agents, the using dosage is 600 ml/100 kg of seeds, and after water is drained, the seeds are germinated for 1 day in a greenhouse or an incubator at the temperature of about 35 ℃.
S13, sowing: sowing in last ten days of 4 months, wherein the sowing quantity of each disc is 100g, and 25 discs are sowed in each mu of land; after sowing, stacking the seedling trays, namely stacking 25 trays, and placing a seedling tray which is filled with soil and is not sown on the stacked tray to cover the stacked tray; covering with wet blanket, keeping warm and moisturizing, and directly placing 25 stacks in a greenhouse or room with high temperature, wherein the temperature is controlled within 38 deg.C;
s14, seedling bed management: when the seedling of the seedling tray seeds is about 5mm, the seedling tray is moved into a greenhouse, the temperature is kept at about 25 ℃, and the seedling is transplanted about 35 days old; before transplanting seedlings, 10 g/mu of 40% chlorantraniliprole (fuge) water dispersible granules and 60 ml/mu of bactericide 18.7% propiconazole and azoxystrobin suspoemulsion are used as grafting medicines; the two medicaments are respectively sprayed on the seedlings on the seedling tray to prevent and control diseases and insect pests such as rice blast, chilo suppressalis, rice leaf roller and the like after the seedlings are transplanted;
s2, field preparation and transplanting:
s21, preparing a field: leveling field blocks by plowing one by two, plowing the field by using a tractor, applying 400-500 kg of organic fertilizer per mu as a base fertilizer, soaking the field in water for 1 day, and raking the field twice to ensure that the height difference of the field blocks is less than 3cm;
s22, transplanting: transplanting in the middle ten days of 5 months, wherein the seedling age is about 35 days, the row spacing is 25 multiplied by 15cm, each cluster of 3 seedlings is about, and shallow transplanting is carried out;
s3, fertilizer and water management:
s31, a green turning and tillering stage: after the seedlings are transplanted, the water layer is not more than 2cm within 1 week, and after the seedlings are turned green, 40 kg of special aroma-enhancing fertilizer is applied to each mu; the special aroma-enhancing fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50 parts of organic fertilizer, 20 parts of straw powder, 25 parts of urea, 12 parts of silicon-calcium-magnesium-phosphate fertilizer, 10 parts of potassium sulfate, 3 parts of urease inhibitor, 3 parts of nitrification inhibitor, 0.5 part of lanthanum chloride, 3 parts of amino acid, 5 parts of zinc sulfate and 0.3 part of fermentation microbial inoculum. The organic fertilizer, the straw powder, the urease inhibitor, the nitrification inhibitor and the amino acid are fully mixed according to the proportion, then the fermentation microbial inoculum is added for full fermentation, and the moisture is reduced to about 20 percent by air drying. Adding urea, silicon-calcium-phosphorus-magnesium fertilizer, potassium sulfate, lanthanum chloride and zinc sulfate into the mixture according to a certain proportion, uniformly stirring, and finally granulating by using a granulator to obtain the special fertilizer for increasing the aroma by using granules with the diameter of 3 mm.
S32, vegetative growth period: the water layer is about 1cm; spraying 70% thiophanate methyl wettable powder 120 g/mu at a tillering peak stage to prevent and control rice blast, spraying 9% methyl indoxacarb suspending agent 20 ml/mu to prevent and control rice stem borers and rice leaf rollers, sunning the field at the end stage for about 7 days until cracks are formed on the surface, white roots are seen on the surface, and rehydrating is carried out to keep a 1cm water layer; 10 yellow or blue pest sticking plates are respectively arranged in each mu of rice field to prevent and control rice planthopper, thrips and other hazards.
S33, reproductive period: and (3) irrigating with less water in the heading period and the grouting setting period, wherein the irrigation mode of slight falling and soil water potential of-25 +/-5 kPa is adopted.
S4, harvesting and airing the rice:
s41, harvesting after 50 days of ear sprouting, wherein more than 90% of grains are mature, spreading the harvested grains under natural illumination for airing for 2-3 days, and processing the rice when the water content reaches about 15%;
s5, processing rice and detecting the content of the fragrant substance 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline:
s51, processing: hulling with small brown rice machine, and whitening with small rice polisher;
s52, detecting the content of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline: detection was performed by headspace solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography (HS-SPME-GC).
According to the method of this example, 3 mu of Yunju No. 37 rice was planted, and the harvested rice was subjected to measurement of the 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2-AP) content. The average content of 2-AP in the rice is 0.56mg/kg.
The working process of the invention is as follows: the aroma of rice is formed by the combined action of genes and environmental conditions. The invention adopts paddy soil or dry soil to be mixed with a special seedling raising substrate for increasing aroma according to a proportion, and the main components of the seedling raising substrate are plant ash, humus soil and a microbial agent. The main component of the plant ash is potassium carbonate, and the plant ash can promote the germination and root growth of Yunjing No. 37 seeds; the humus soil has high organic matter content and can provide nutrient substances for seedling growth. And secondly, the plant ash and the humus soil also contain trace elements such as calcium, magnesium, iron, boron, zinc, copper, silicon, phosphorus and the like, so that the expression of the flavor gene of the Yujing No. 37 rice can be favorably regulated and controlled. The streptomycete and the bacillus subtilis in the microbial agent have good farmland soil remediation effects, the acinetobacter has strong functions of pesticides such as sulfur phosphorus, trifluralin, dimethoate, butachlor and the like with degradation rates, the Gordonia kuwayaensis has a remarkable reduction function on residual nitrogen in soil, the addition of the lactobacillus plantarum greatly improves the fermentation and bacterium cleaning functions of floras, and the microbial agent has the effect of improving the soil, can remarkably improve the micro-ecological environment of the rhizosphere soil of crops, further provides nutrient components for plant growth, can increase the fluffiness of seedling raising soil, improves the utilization rate of a fertilizer, and is beneficial to the growth of No. 37 Yunjinghuan seedlings. The aroma-enhancing planting method adopted by the invention is realized by applying the aroma-enhancing special fertilizer once. The special aroma-enhancing fertilizer applied in the tillering stage contains rich nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, zinc, lanthanum, magnesium, silicon and other elements, a urease inhibitor, a nitrification inhibitor, a large number of beneficial microbial floras and an organic matter mixture, the applied fertilizer belongs to a slow-release fertilizer, hydrolysis is controlled by the urease inhibitor, nitrification is controlled by the nitrification inhibitor, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are gradually released according to different stages of rice growth, and the transformation and metabolism of ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen are controlled. The proportion coordination of ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen in soil is ensured, the assimilation level of metabolism of elements such as phosphorus, potassium, zinc, lanthanum, magnesium and silicon is improved, the content of free proline in rice grains is increased, the activity of proline oxidase is improved, the synthesis of the 2-AP of the rice grains is finally promoted, the 2-AP content of the rice is remarkably increased, and the maximization of the photosynthesis of Yujing No. 37 and the biosynthesis of the fragrant substance 2-AP of the rice are finally realized.
In addition, an integrated and integrated cultivation technique by applying low-water irrigation in heading and filling and maturing periods is also used. Due to the irrigation with less water, the content of free proline in rice leaves and the activity of proline oxidase in the leaves are improved, so that the synthesis and accumulation of 2-AP in the leaves are facilitated, the leaves can be transported to grains, and the synthesis of 2-AP in the grains is further promoted.
The content of 2-AP in the Yuanjing No. 37 rice prepared by the invention is between 0.56 and 0.67mg/kg, which is far higher than the content of 2-AP in the Yuanjing No. 37 rice in the current market (below 0.35 mg/kg). Therefore, the content of the aroma substance 2-AP of the Yunju No. 37 rice prepared by the preparation method is obviously improved, and the taste quality of the rice is obviously improved, so that the market value of the rice is improved.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (4)
1. A planting method for increasing the fragrance of Yujing No. 37 rice is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, seedling raising:
s11, preparing seedling raising tray soil: smashing and sieving clean paddy field soil or dry land soil without weed seeds, and mixing the smashed and sieved paddy field soil or dry land soil with 6-8 mm sieve pores with a special seedling raising matrix for increasing aroma;
s12, seed soaking and germination accelerating: the rice seeds are tedded for 20 to 26 hours and then soaked, 25 percent of thiacloprid, pyrrol, shuangling suspended seed coating agent is used for soaking for 2 to 3 days, the dosage is 600 ml/100 kg of seeds, and after water is drained, the seeds are germinated for 1 day in a greenhouse or an incubator at the temperature of 35 ℃;
s13, sowing: sowing in last ten days of 4 months, wherein the sowing quantity of each disc is 100-110 g, and 25 discs are sowed in each mu of land; after sowing, stacking seedling trays, namely stacking 20-25 trays, and placing a seedling tray filled with soil and not sown on the tray to cover the tray; after the trays are stacked, a wet blanket is used for covering, heat preservation and moisture preservation, 20-25 stacks of the trays are directly placed in a greenhouse or a room with higher temperature, and the temperature is controlled within 38 ℃;
s14, seedling bed management: when the seedling of the seedling tray seeds is 5mm, the seedling tray is moved into a greenhouse, the temperature is kept at 25 ℃, and the seedling is transplanted after 35 days; before transplanting seedlings, 10 g/mu of 40% chlorantraniliprole and 18.7% propiconazole and 60 ml/mu of azoxystrobin suspoemulsion are adopted as grafting medicines, namely, two medicines are respectively sprayed on the seedlings on a seedling tray;
s2, field preparation and transplanting:
s21, preparing a field: leveling field blocks by plowing one by two, plowing the field by using a tractor, applying 400-500 kg of organic fertilizer per mu as a base fertilizer, soaking the field in water for 1 day, and raking the field twice to ensure that the height difference of the field blocks is less than 3cm;
s22, transplanting: transplanting in the middle ten days of 5 months, wherein the seedling age is 35 days, the row spacing is 25 multiplied by 15cm, 3 seedlings are planted in each cluster, and shallow transplanting is carried out;
s3, fertilizer and water management:
s31, a green turning and tillering stage: after the seedlings are transplanted, the water layer is not more than 2cm within 1 week, and after the seedlings are turned green, 40 kg of special aroma-enhancing fertilizer is applied to each mu;
s32, vegetative growth period: the water layer is 1cm; spraying 70% thiophanate methyl wettable powder 120 g/mu at a tillering peak stage to prevent and control rice blast, spraying 9% methyl-indoxacarb suspending agent 20 ml/mu to prevent and control rice stem borers and rice leaf rollers, drying the fields for 7 days at the end stage of medical application, drying the fields until cracks are formed on the surfaces, seeing white roots on the surfaces, and maintaining a 1cm water layer after rehydration; 10 yellow or blue pest sticking plates are respectively arranged in each mu of rice field to prevent and control rice planthoppers, thrips and other hazards;
s33, reproductive period: in the heading stage and the grouting setting stage, irrigating with less water, and adopting an irrigation mode of slight falling dry and soil water potential of-25 +/-5 kPa;
s4, harvesting and airing the paddy:
s41, 50 days after ear sprouting, harvesting after more than 90% of grains are mature, flatly spreading under natural illumination for airing for 2-3 days after harvesting, and processing rice when the water content reaches 15%;
s5, processing rice and detecting the content of the fragrant substance 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline:
s51, processing: hulling with small brown rice machine, and polishing brown rice with small rice polishing machine;
and (2) detecting the content of S52 and 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline: and (3) detecting the content of the 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline by using headspace solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography.
2. The planting method for increasing the flavor of Yunong No. 37 rice according to claim 1, wherein: in the step S11, paddy soil or dry land soil is mixed with a special aroma-enhancing seedling raising substrate according to a ratio of 2.
3. The planting method for increasing the flavor of Yunong No. 37 rice according to claim 1, wherein: in the step S31, the special fertilizer for increasing the aroma comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50 to 80 parts of organic fertilizer, 20 to 30 parts of straw powder, 20 to 30 parts of urea, 12 to 20 parts of silicon-calcium-magnesium-phosphate fertilizer, 10 to 15 parts of potassium sulfate, 0.5 to 2 parts of lanthanum chloride, 3 to 5 parts of amino acid, 5 to 12 parts of zinc sulfate, 3 to 5 parts of urease inhibitor, 3 to 5 parts of nitrification inhibitor and 0.3 to 1 part of zymogen.
4. The planting method for increasing the flavor of Yunju No. 37 rice as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the microbial agent comprises bacillus subtilis, gordonia goureanum, streptomycete, lactobacillus plantarum and acinetobacter in a mass ratio of 1.
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