CN113170709A - High-yield low-insect-pest watermelon planting method - Google Patents
High-yield low-insect-pest watermelon planting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113170709A CN113170709A CN202110449746.0A CN202110449746A CN113170709A CN 113170709 A CN113170709 A CN 113170709A CN 202110449746 A CN202110449746 A CN 202110449746A CN 113170709 A CN113170709 A CN 113170709A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/36—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a singly bound oxygen or sulfur atom attached to the same carbon skeleton, this oxygen or sulfur atom not being a member of a carboxylic group or of a thio analogue, or of a derivative thereof, e.g. hydroxy-carboxylic acids
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/44—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a nitrogen atom attached to the same carbon skeleton by a single or double bond, this nitrogen atom not being a member of a derivative or of a thio analogue of a carboxylic group, e.g. amino-carboxylic acids
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/04—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
- A01N43/06—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom five-membered rings
- A01N43/12—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom five-membered rings condensed with a carbocyclic ring
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N45/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, containing compounds having three or more carbocyclic rings condensed among themselves, at least one ring not being a six-membered ring
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D1/00—Fertilisers containing potassium
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- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
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- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
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Abstract
The invention provides a high-yield low-pest watermelon planting method, which comprises the following planting steps: the method has the advantages that the seeds before planting are subjected to targeted optimized cultivation in the periods of germination accelerating, seedling raising and the like, so that the germination degree of the seeds and the vitality of seedlings are greatly improved, excellent disease resistance and insect pest prevention effects are achieved, the disease rate of the seedlings is reduced by more than 50%, the seedlings grow uniformly and robustly, the fruit setting rate is high, the taste and the yield are obviously improved, and the comprehensive benefit is obviously improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, in particular to a high-yield and low-pest watermelon planting method.
Background
The watermelon and muskmelon are the combined name of the super-sweet mini watermelon and the thick-peel muskmelon. Biologically, watermelon and melon are strictly distinguished, and experts are afraid of combining the two varieties. However, in Chuidedian, these two varieties were introduced from Japan and Korea, and for the convenience of transmission, they were called watermelon melon in the first river of China.
The watermelon and melon is rich in abundant microelements, has extremely high nutritive value, can meet the vitamins required by human bodies, is popular with people, and has very wide market prospect. At present, the existing watermelon and melon are mostly resistant to diseases and insects by spraying pesticides, the damage to plants is very large, the pollination effect is poor, the fruit setting rate and the melon and fruit quality are greatly influenced, and accordingly, the high-yield and low-insect-pest watermelon and melon planting method is provided.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the existing problems, the invention provides a high-yield and low-pest watermelon planting method, which comprises the following planting steps: the method has the advantages that the seeds before planting are subjected to targeted optimized cultivation in the periods of germination accelerating, seedling raising and the like, so that the germination degree of the seeds and the vitality of seedlings are greatly improved, excellent disease resistance and insect pest prevention effects are achieved, the disease rate of the seedlings is reduced by more than 50%, the seedlings grow uniformly and robustly, the fruit setting rate is high, the taste and the yield are obviously improved, and the comprehensive benefit is obviously improved.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
a high-yield low-pest watermelon planting method comprises the following planting steps,
s1, scalding seeds and soaking seeds: preparing seed soaking liquid, selecting excellent watermelon seeds, adding the excellent watermelon seeds into the seed soaking liquid, stirring and uniformly mixing, then scalding seeds for 2-10min in a hot steam intermittent mode, spraying warm seed soaking liquid into the seeds after the seeds are scalded, finally adding warm water into the seeds after the seeds are scalded, uniformly mixing, and preserving heat and soaking for 1-3 h;
s2, pregermination: the seeds after the hot seed soaking are alternately paved layer by a wet gauze frame, the germination is accelerated to be exposed to the white color under the condition of 28-30 ℃, then a substrate material is paved on the wet gauze frame, the water is poured, and the germination is accelerated to be exposed under the condition of 22-27 ℃;
s3, seedling culture: sowing the seeds after germination acceleration in a seedling pot, growing seedlings under the conditions of 18-30 ℃ and 60-75% relative humidity, keeping the pot body moist, and ventilating for at least 2 hours at the temperature of more than 20 ℃ every day after sowing for 3-4 days;
s4, strengthening seedlings: preparing a solid-liquid two-component protective agent, adding water into the solid protective agent during S3 seedling culture to mix into paste, coating the paste on the outer side of a seedling culture pot, inserting a pore passage in the side wall of the seedling culture pot by using small wood branches, and spraying the liquid protective agent into the seedling culture pot every day to ensure enough relative humidity;
s5, planting: when the seedlings grow to 5-6 true leaves, field planting is carried out, root fixing water is thoroughly poured, and hardening is carried out one week before field planting;
s6, field management: before field planting, preparing soil and applying fertilizer to the greenhouse, controlling water and fertilizer application and pest control, keeping enough sunlight irradiation, keeping the ground temperature in the greenhouse at more than 10 ℃, removing vines and topping in time, and spraying compensation liquid regularly after melon growth;
s7, harvesting: and harvesting the ripe fruits in time.
As a further preferred aspect of the present invention, the seed soaking solution in step S1 comprises, by mass, 5-15% of glycine, 2-10% of ferric ammonium citrate, 2-10% of sorbitol, 0-5% of 1M inorganic salt, and the balance 500 times of gibberellin emulsifiable solution.
As a further preferred aspect of the invention, the inorganic salt is selected from CaCl2、Ca（NO3）2、KCl、KNO3Any one or more of the compositions of (a).
As a further preferred aspect of the present invention, the temperature of the hot steam in step S1 is 120-160 ℃, and the intermittent seed scalding is specifically, the hot steam is introduced for 10-30S per minute.
It is further preferable that the relative humidity of 80-90% be maintained during the sprouting period to the white emergence period and the relative humidity of 70-80% be maintained during the sprouting period to the white emergence period in step S2.
As a further preferable aspect of the present invention, in step S2, the wet gauze frame includes rectangular frames and rectangular wet gauzes disposed between the rectangular frames, when in use, the seeds are uniformly laid on the wet gauzes, the laying thickness of each layer is 0.5-1cm, and the interlayer spacing is 1 ± 0.2 cm; the spreading thickness of the base material is 0.3-0.5 cm.
As a further preferable aspect of the invention, in the step S2, the matrix material comprises, by weight, 4-6 parts of bean dregs, 5-12 parts of river mud, 2-4 parts of plant ash, 1-3 parts of seaweed meal, 1-2 parts of willow sawdust, 0.2-0.5 part of microorganism bacteria, and 10-15 parts of water, wherein the microorganism bacteria are selected from Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma harzianum according to a mass ratio of 1: 0.5.
As a further preferable aspect of the present invention, in the step S4, the solid-liquid two-component protective agent includes the following components in parts by weight: 5-10 parts of vermiculite, 5-10 parts of seaweed powder, 3-10 parts of sheared waste fiber net, 5-10 parts of plant ash and 5-25 parts of humus soil; the liquid protective agent comprises 1-3 parts of cyclodextrin, 2-6 parts of sorbitol, 1-2 parts of compound fertilizer, 0.5-3 parts of tung oil and 40-80 parts of water; when in use, the solid protective agent is added with water to be prepared into paste, and the outer side of the seedling pot is coated, wherein the coating thickness is less than 5 mm.
As a further preferable mode of the invention, in the step S4, the channel depth is greater than the width of the seedling pot 1/2, and the channels are spirally inserted from top to bottom along the side wall of the seedling pot, and at least 3 channels are inserted.
As a further preferable mode of the invention, the compensating liquid in the step S6 is composite fertilizer water containing licorice extract, wherein the content of the licorice extract accounts for 8-12wt% of the composite fertilizer water, and the compensating liquid is sprayed on the leaves.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the method reasonably plans the steps of seed scalding and seed soaking, germination accelerating, seedling raising, seedling strengthening, field planting, field management, harvesting and the like, and performs targeted optimized cultivation on the seeds before field planting, the germination accelerating, the seedling raising and other periods, so that the germination accelerating, the seedling vigor and the like are greatly improved, the method has excellent disease resistance and insect pest prevention effects, the disease rate of the seedling is reduced by more than 50%, the growth is uniform and robust, the fruit setting rate is high, the taste and the yield are obviously improved, and the comprehensive benefit is obviously improved.
The seed soaking liquid is matched with steam to scald seeds, the dormancy stage of the seeds is effectively broken, the activity of cell membranes is obviously improved, nutrients are accumulated for the seeds in one step, the activity of the seeds can be improved by more than 20% in the activation process, the nutrients can be quickly and effectively absorbed and stored in the germination process, the germination accelerating rate and the later-stage survival rate are obviously promoted, the survival rate of the germinated seeds can be more than 99%, and seedlings grow vigorously without diseases.
In addition, the seedling strengthening operation is set, the seedling pot is further maintained doubly, the prepared solid-liquid double-component protective agent meets the requirement of nutrition absorption in the seedling stage, efficient disease protection components are dispersed and reserved, the protective agent is matched with a pore structure, excellent buffering and promotion performance is provided for the seedling reviving and growth of the planted plants, the green turning speed of the planted plants is high, the growth vigor is excellent, and the disease and insect pest rate of the planted plants is greatly reduced.
According to the field management, the existing means can be referred, fertilization and watering can be carried out in time, and pest control (agricultural control, physical control, biological control and the like) can be carried out according to the conditions. In addition, the compensation liquid sprayed after the watermelon is grown has a promoting effect on the sweetness of the watermelon and the sweetness is improved by at least 2% compared with the situation of spraying.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments of the present invention without any inventive step, are within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1:
a high-yield low-pest watermelon planting method comprises the following planting steps,
s1, scalding seeds and soaking seeds: preparing seed soaking liquid, selecting excellent watermelon seeds, adding the excellent watermelon seeds into the seed soaking liquid, stirring and uniformly mixing, then scalding seeds for 5min in an intermittent manner by hot steam at 150 ℃, wherein the intermittent type seed scalding is to introduce hot steam for 10s per minute, spraying the warm seed soaking liquid into the seeds after the seed scalding is finished, finally adding warm water into the seeds after the seed scalding, uniformly mixing, and preserving heat and soaking for 2 h;
s2, pregermination: the seeds after the hot seed soaking are alternately paved layer by a wet gauze frame, specifically, the seeds are uniformly paved on the wet gauze, the paving thickness of each layer is 0.5-1cm, the layer interval is 1 +/-0.2 cm, the seeds are germinated to expose white under the condition of 28-30 ℃, the relative humidity of 80-90% is kept during the period, then a matrix material is paved on the wet gauze frame, the thickness of the matrix material is 0.3-0.5cm, water is poured, the seeds are germinated to expose bud under the condition of 22-27 ℃, and the relative humidity of 70-80% is kept during the period;
s3, seedling culture: sowing the seeds after germination acceleration in a seedling pot, growing seedlings under the conditions of 18-30 ℃ and 60-75% relative humidity, keeping the pot body moist, and ventilating for at least 2 hours at the temperature of more than 20 ℃ every day after sowing for 3-4 days;
s4, strengthening seedlings: preparing a solid-liquid two-component protective agent, adding water into the solid protective agent during S3 seedling culture to mix into paste, coating the paste on the outer side of a seedling culture pot, inserting a pore passage on the side wall of the seedling culture pot by using small wood branches, wherein the depth of the pore passage is greater than the width of the seedling culture pot 1/2, the pore passage is spirally inserted from top to bottom along the side wall of the seedling culture pot, inserting at least 3 pore passages, and then spraying the liquid protective agent into the pore passage every day to ensure enough relative humidity;
s5, planting: when the seedlings grow to 5-6 true leaves, field planting is carried out, root fixing water is thoroughly poured, and hardening is carried out one week before field planting;
s6, field management: before field planting, preparing soil and applying fertilizer to the greenhouse, controlling water and fertilizer application and pest control, keeping enough sunlight irradiation, keeping the ground temperature in the greenhouse at more than 10 ℃, removing vines and topping in time, and spraying compensation liquid regularly after melon growth;
s7, harvesting: and harvesting the ripe fruits in time.
The seed soaking liquid in the step S1 comprises, by mass, 15% of glycine, 5% of ferric ammonium citrate, 5% of sorbitol, 3% of 1M inorganic salt and the balance of 500 times of gibberellin emulsifiable solution. Wherein the inorganic salt is selected from CaCl2、Ca（NO3）2A composition is provided.
The matrix material in the step S2 comprises the following components, by weight, 4 parts of bean dregs, 5 parts of river mud, 2 parts of plant ash, 2 parts of seaweed meal, 2 parts of willow sawdust, 0.3 part of microbial bacteria and 15 parts of water, wherein the mass ratio of the microbial bacteria to the bacillus subtilis to the trichoderma harzianum is 1: 0.5.
In the step S4, the solid-liquid two-component protective agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10 parts of vermiculite, 5 parts of seaweed meal, 3 parts of sheared waste fiber net, 5 parts of plant ash and 15 parts of humus soil; the liquid protective agent comprises 3 parts of cyclodextrin, 4 parts of sorbitol, 1 part of compound fertilizer, 1 part of tung oil and 50 parts of water; when in use, the solid protective agent is added with water to be prepared into paste, and the outer side of the seedling pot is coated, wherein the coating thickness is less than 5 mm.
In the step S6, the compensation liquid is compound fertilizer water containing licorice root extract, wherein the content of the licorice root extract accounts for 10wt% of the compound fertilizer water, and the compound fertilizer water is sprayed on the leaves.
Example 2:
a high-yield low-pest watermelon planting method comprises the following planting steps,
s1, scalding seeds and soaking seeds: preparing seed soaking liquid, selecting excellent watermelon seeds, adding the excellent watermelon seeds into the seed soaking liquid, stirring and uniformly mixing, then scalding seeds for 5min in an intermittent manner by hot steam at 120 ℃, wherein the intermittent type seed scalding is to introduce hot steam for 10s per minute, spraying the warm seed soaking liquid into the seeds after the seed scalding is finished, finally adding warm water into the seeds after the seed scalding, uniformly mixing, and preserving heat and soaking for 3 h;
s2, pregermination: the seeds after the hot seed soaking are alternately paved layer by a wet gauze frame, specifically, the seeds are uniformly paved on the wet gauze, the paving thickness of each layer is 0.5-1cm, the layer interval is 1 +/-0.2 cm, the seeds are germinated to expose white under the condition of 28-30 ℃, the relative humidity of 80-90% is kept during the period, then a matrix material is paved on the wet gauze frame, the thickness of the matrix material is 0.3-0.5cm, water is poured, the seeds are germinated to expose bud under the condition of 22-27 ℃, and the relative humidity of 70-80% is kept during the period;
s3, seedling culture: sowing the seeds after germination acceleration in a seedling pot, growing seedlings under the conditions of 18-30 ℃ and 60-75% relative humidity, keeping the pot body moist, and ventilating for at least 2 hours at the temperature of more than 20 ℃ every day after sowing for 3-4 days;
s4, strengthening seedlings: preparing a solid-liquid two-component protective agent, adding water into the solid protective agent during S3 seedling culture to mix into paste, coating the paste on the outer side of a seedling culture pot, inserting a pore passage on the side wall of the seedling culture pot by using small wood branches, wherein the depth of the pore passage is greater than the width of the seedling culture pot 1/2, the pore passage is spirally inserted from top to bottom along the side wall of the seedling culture pot, inserting at least 3 pore passages, and then spraying the liquid protective agent into the pore passage every day to ensure enough relative humidity;
s5, planting: when the seedlings grow to 5-6 true leaves, field planting is carried out, root fixing water is thoroughly poured, and hardening is carried out one week before field planting;
s6, field management: before field planting, preparing soil and applying fertilizer to the greenhouse, controlling water and fertilizer application and pest control, keeping enough sunlight irradiation, keeping the ground temperature in the greenhouse at more than 10 ℃, removing vines and topping in time, and spraying compensation liquid regularly after melon growth;
s7, harvesting: and harvesting the ripe fruits in time.
The seed soaking liquid in the step S1 comprises, by mass, 15% of glycine, 5% of ferric ammonium citrate, 10% of sorbitol, 2% of 1M inorganic salt and the balance of 500 times of gibberellin emulsifiable solution. Wherein the inorganic salt is selected from CaCl2、KNO3The composition of (1).
The matrix material in the step S2 comprises the following components, by weight, 4 parts of bean dregs, 10 parts of river mud, 2 parts of plant ash, 1 part of seaweed meal, 1 part of willow sawdust, 0.5 part of microbial bacteria and 15 parts of water, wherein the microbial bacteria comprise bacillus subtilis and trichoderma harzianum in a mass ratio of 1: 0.5.
In the step S4, the solid-liquid two-component protective agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 5 parts of vermiculite, 5 parts of seaweed meal, 5 parts of sheared waste fiber net, 10 parts of plant ash and 20 parts of humus soil; the liquid protective agent comprises 3 parts of cyclodextrin, 2 parts of sorbitol, 1 part of compound fertilizer, 1 part of tung oil and 50 parts of water; when in use, the solid protective agent is added with water to be prepared into paste, and the outer side of the seedling pot is coated, wherein the coating thickness is less than 5 mm.
In the step S6, the compensation liquid is compound fertilizer water containing licorice root extract, wherein the content of the licorice root extract accounts for 10wt% of the compound fertilizer water, and the compound fertilizer water is sprayed on the leaves.
Example 3:
a high-yield low-pest watermelon planting method comprises the following planting steps,
s1, scalding seeds and soaking seeds: preparing seed soaking liquid, selecting excellent watermelon seeds, adding the excellent watermelon seeds into the seed soaking liquid, stirring and uniformly mixing, then scalding seeds for 3min in an intermittent manner by hot steam at 160 ℃, wherein the intermittent type seed scalding is to introduce hot steam for 10s per minute, spraying the warm seed soaking liquid into the seeds after the seed scalding is finished, finally adding warm water into the seeds after the seed scalding, uniformly mixing, and preserving heat and soaking for 2 h;
s2, pregermination: the seeds after the hot seed soaking are alternately paved layer by a wet gauze frame, specifically, the seeds are uniformly paved on the wet gauze, the paving thickness of each layer is 0.5-1cm, the layer interval is 1 +/-0.2 cm, the seeds are germinated to expose white under the condition of 28-30 ℃, the relative humidity of 80-90% is kept during the period, then a matrix material is paved on the wet gauze frame, the thickness of the matrix material is 0.3-0.5cm, water is poured, the seeds are germinated to expose bud under the condition of 22-27 ℃, and the relative humidity of 70-80% is kept during the period;
s3, seedling culture: sowing the seeds after germination acceleration in a seedling pot, growing seedlings under the conditions of 18-30 ℃ and 60-75% relative humidity, keeping the pot body moist, and ventilating for at least 2 hours at the temperature of more than 20 ℃ every day after sowing for 3-4 days;
s4, strengthening seedlings: preparing a solid-liquid two-component protective agent, adding water into the solid protective agent during S3 seedling culture to mix into paste, coating the paste on the outer side of a seedling culture pot, inserting a pore passage on the side wall of the seedling culture pot by using small wood branches, wherein the depth of the pore passage is greater than the width of the seedling culture pot 1/2, the pore passage is spirally inserted from top to bottom along the side wall of the seedling culture pot, inserting at least 3 pore passages, and then spraying the liquid protective agent into the pore passage every day to ensure enough relative humidity;
s5, planting: when the seedlings grow to 5-6 true leaves, field planting is carried out, root fixing water is thoroughly poured, and hardening is carried out one week before field planting;
s6, field management: before field planting, preparing soil and applying fertilizer to the greenhouse, controlling water and fertilizer application and pest control, keeping enough sunlight irradiation, keeping the ground temperature in the greenhouse at more than 10 ℃, removing vines and topping in time, and spraying compensation liquid regularly after melon growth;
s7, harvesting: and harvesting the ripe fruits in time.
The seed soaking liquid in the step S1 comprises, by mass, 5% of glycine, 2% of ferric ammonium citrate, 10% of sorbitol, 5% of 1M inorganic salt, and the balance 500 times of gibberellin emulsifiable solution. Wherein the inorganic salt is selected from CaCl2、Ca（NO3）2、KNO3The composition of (1).
The matrix material in the step S2 comprises the following components, by weight, 6 parts of bean dregs, 5 parts of river mud, 4 parts of plant ash, 3 parts of seaweed meal, 2 parts of willow sawdust, 0.5 part of microbial bacteria and 15 parts of water, wherein the microbial bacteria comprise bacillus subtilis and trichoderma harzianum in a mass ratio of 1: 0.5.
In the step S4, the solid-liquid two-component protective agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 5 parts of vermiculite, 10 parts of seaweed meal, 10 parts of sheared waste fiber net, 5 parts of plant ash and 20 parts of humus soil; the liquid protective agent comprises 1 part of cyclodextrin, 6 parts of sorbitol, 2 parts of compound fertilizer, 2 parts of tung oil and 80 parts of water; when in use, the solid protective agent is added with water to be prepared into paste, and the outer side of the seedling pot is coated, wherein the coating thickness is less than 5 mm.
In the step S6, the compensation liquid is compound fertilizer water containing licorice root extract, wherein the content of the licorice root extract accounts for 12wt% of the compound fertilizer water, and the compound fertilizer water is sprayed on the leaves.
Example 4:
a high-yield low-pest watermelon planting method comprises the following planting steps,
s1, scalding seeds and soaking seeds: preparing seed soaking liquid, selecting excellent watermelon seeds, adding the excellent watermelon seeds into the seed soaking liquid, stirring and uniformly mixing, then scalding seeds for 2min in an intermittent manner by hot steam at 160 ℃, wherein the intermittent type seed scalding is to introduce the hot steam for 20s per minute, spraying the warm seed soaking liquid into the seeds after the seed scalding is finished, finally adding warm water into the seeds after the seed scalding, uniformly mixing, and preserving heat and soaking for 3 h;
s2, pregermination: the seeds after the hot seed soaking are alternately paved layer by a wet gauze frame, specifically, the seeds are uniformly paved on the wet gauze, the paving thickness of each layer is 0.5-1cm, the layer interval is 1 +/-0.2 cm, the seeds are germinated to expose white under the condition of 28-30 ℃, the relative humidity of 80-90% is kept during the period, then a matrix material is paved on the wet gauze frame, the thickness of the matrix material is 0.3-0.5cm, water is poured, the seeds are germinated to expose bud under the condition of 22-27 ℃, and the relative humidity of 70-80% is kept during the period;
s3, seedling culture: sowing the seeds after germination acceleration in a seedling pot, growing seedlings under the conditions of 18-30 ℃ and 60-75% relative humidity, keeping the pot body moist, and ventilating for at least 2 hours at the temperature of more than 20 ℃ every day after sowing for 3-4 days;
s4, strengthening seedlings: preparing a solid-liquid two-component protective agent, adding water into the solid protective agent during S3 seedling culture to mix into paste, coating the paste on the outer side of a seedling culture pot, inserting a pore passage on the side wall of the seedling culture pot by using small wood branches, wherein the depth of the pore passage is greater than the width of the seedling culture pot 1/2, the pore passage is spirally inserted from top to bottom along the side wall of the seedling culture pot, inserting at least 3 pore passages, and then spraying the liquid protective agent into the pore passage every day to ensure enough relative humidity;
s5, planting: when the seedlings grow to 5-6 true leaves, field planting is carried out, root fixing water is thoroughly poured, and hardening is carried out one week before field planting;
s6, field management: before field planting, preparing soil and applying fertilizer to the greenhouse, controlling water and fertilizer application and pest control, keeping enough sunlight irradiation, keeping the ground temperature in the greenhouse at more than 10 ℃, removing vines and topping in time, and spraying compensation liquid regularly after melon growth;
s7, harvesting: and harvesting the ripe fruits in time.
The seed soaking liquid in the step S1 comprises, by mass, 10% of glycine, 5% of ferric ammonium citrate, 5% of sorbitol and the balance of 500 times of gibberellin emulsifiable solution. Wherein the inorganic salt is selected from CaCl2And KCl composition.
The matrix material in the step S2 comprises the following components, by weight, 4 parts of bean dregs, 5 parts of river mud, 2 parts of plant ash, 2 parts of seaweed meal, 2 parts of willow sawdust, 0.4 part of microbial bacteria and 15 parts of water, wherein the mass ratio of the microbial bacteria to the bacillus subtilis to the trichoderma harzianum is 1: 0.5.
In the step S4, the solid-liquid two-component protective agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 5 parts of vermiculite, 10 parts of seaweed meal, 5 parts of sheared waste fiber net, 10 parts of plant ash and 10 parts of humus soil; the liquid protective agent comprises 3 parts of cyclodextrin, 2 parts of sorbitol, 1 part of compound fertilizer, 3 parts of tung oil and 80 parts of water; when in use, the solid protective agent is added with water to be prepared into paste, and the outer side of the seedling pot is coated, wherein the coating thickness is less than 5 mm.
In the step S6, the compensation liquid is compound fertilizer water containing licorice root extract, wherein the content of the licorice root extract accounts for 8wt% of the compound fertilizer water, and the compound fertilizer water is sprayed on the leaves.
The planting method of the watermelon is adopted to plant the watermelon, the test field is ten mu, the place is located in Yangtze district, the street of the Yangtze river courageously leaping the community sweet hillock, the Yangtze river and province watermelon industry and technology system Yangtze river popularization demonstration base is specifically set as (i) N31 degrees 39 '57.518' E118 degrees 43 '21.636', N31 degrees 39 '57.557' E118 degrees 43 '30.037', N31 degrees 39 '52.903' E118 degrees 43 '30.094', N31 degrees 39 '54.216' E118 degrees 43 '22.041' (GPS).
10 mu of test field, wherein the number of watermelon is 5 mu, and the displayed variety is as follows: morning good, jianianhua No. 5, sumi 518, sumi 1667, sumi No. 9, xiaolan; five mu of muskmelon, the displayed variety is: yugu, Hai Mi No. 8, Lu-Thick sweet No. 1, Bai-Fu-Mei, Su-sweet No. 4.
After the test field planting is carried out, the planting related data are recorded as the following table (planting popularization and application according to the method of example 1):
| yield, kg/mu | Rate of disease% | The center contains sugar content% | Weight of single fruit, kg | |
| Watermelon | 3250-3810 | ＜0.5 | 12.4-13.7 | 4.6-7.2 |
| Melon (sweet melon) | 2650-3440 | ＜0.5 | 12.6-16.3 | 0.58-0.76 |
It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
The above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A high-yield low-insect-pest watermelon planting method is characterized by comprising the following steps: comprises the following planting steps of planting the seeds,
s1, scalding seeds and soaking seeds: preparing seed soaking liquid, selecting excellent watermelon seeds, adding the excellent watermelon seeds into the seed soaking liquid, stirring and uniformly mixing, then scalding seeds for 2-10min in a hot steam intermittent mode, spraying warm seed soaking liquid into the seeds after the seeds are scalded, finally adding warm water into the seeds after the seeds are scalded, uniformly mixing, and preserving heat and soaking for 1-3 h;
s2, pregermination: the seeds after the hot seed soaking are alternately paved layer by a wet gauze frame, the germination is accelerated to be exposed to the white color under the condition of 28-30 ℃, then a substrate material is paved on the wet gauze frame, the water is poured, and the germination is accelerated to be exposed under the condition of 22-27 ℃;
s3, seedling culture: sowing the seeds after germination acceleration in a seedling pot, growing seedlings under the conditions of 18-30 ℃ and 60-75% relative humidity, keeping the pot body moist, and ventilating for at least 2 hours at the temperature of more than 20 ℃ every day after sowing for 3-4 days;
s4, strengthening seedlings: preparing a solid-liquid two-component protective agent, adding water into the solid protective agent during S3 seedling culture to mix into paste, coating the paste on the outer side of a seedling culture pot, inserting a pore passage in the side wall of the seedling culture pot by using small wood branches, and spraying the liquid protective agent into the seedling culture pot every day to ensure enough relative humidity;
s5, planting: when the seedlings grow to 5-6 true leaves, field planting is carried out, root fixing water is thoroughly poured, and hardening is carried out one week before field planting;
s6, field management: before field planting, preparing soil and applying fertilizer to the greenhouse, controlling water and fertilizer application and pest control, keeping enough sunlight irradiation, keeping the ground temperature in the greenhouse at more than 10 ℃, removing vines and topping in time, and spraying compensation liquid regularly after melon growth;
s7, harvesting: and harvesting the ripe fruits in time.
2. The method for planting the watermelon with high yield and low insect pest according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the seed soaking liquid in the step S1 comprises, by mass, 5-15% of glycine, 2-10% of ferric ammonium citrate, 2-10% of sorbitol, 0-5% of 1M inorganic salt and the balance of 500 times of gibberellin emulsifiable solution.
3. The method for planting the watermelon with high yield and low insect pest according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the inorganic salt is selected from CaCl2、Ca（NO3）2、KCl、KNO3Any one or more of the compositions of (a).
4. The method for planting the watermelon with high yield and low insect pest according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in step S1, the temperature of hot steam is 120-160 ℃, and the intermittent seed scalding is specifically that hot steam is introduced for 10-30S per minute.
5. The method for planting the watermelon with high yield and low insect pest according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and in the step S2, the relative humidity of 80-90% is kept in the process of accelerating germination to exposing white, and the relative humidity of 70-80% is kept in the process of accelerating germination to exposing bud.
6. The method for planting the watermelon with high yield and low insect pest according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the wet gauze frame in the step S2 comprises rectangular frames and rectangular wet gauzes arranged among the rectangular frames, when in use, seeds are uniformly laid on the wet gauzes, the laying thickness of each layer is 0.5-1cm, and the interlayer spacing is 1 +/-0.2 cm; the spreading thickness of the base material is 0.3-0.5 cm.
7. The method for planting the watermelon with high yield and low insect pest according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the matrix material in the step S2 comprises, by weight, 4-6 parts of bean dregs, 5-12 parts of river mud, 2-4 parts of plant ash, 1-3 parts of seaweed meal, 1-2 parts of willow sawdust, 0.2-0.5 part of microorganism bacteria and 10-15 parts of water, wherein the microorganism bacteria are bacillus subtilis and trichoderma harzianum in a mass ratio of 1: 0.5.
8. The method for planting the watermelon with high yield and low insect pest according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step S4, the solid-liquid two-component protective agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 5-10 parts of vermiculite, 5-10 parts of seaweed powder, 3-10 parts of sheared waste fiber net, 5-10 parts of plant ash and 5-25 parts of humus soil; the liquid protective agent comprises 1-3 parts of cyclodextrin, 2-6 parts of sorbitol, 1-2 parts of compound fertilizer, 0.5-3 parts of tung oil and 40-80 parts of water; when in use, the solid protective agent is added with water to be prepared into paste, and the outer side of the seedling pot is coated, wherein the coating thickness is less than 5 mm.
9. The method for planting the watermelon with high yield and low insect pest according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step S4, the channel depth is larger than the width of the seedling pot 1/2, and the channels are spirally inserted from top to bottom along the side wall of the seedling pot and are inserted into at least 3 channels.
10. The method for planting the watermelon with high yield and low insect pest according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step S6, the compensation liquid is compound fertilizer water containing licorice root extract, wherein the content of the licorice root extract accounts for 8-12wt% of the compound fertilizer water, and the compound fertilizer water is sprayed on the leaves.
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