CN113133394B - Novel millet rotation planting method - Google Patents
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Abstract
The invention relates to a novel millet rotation planting method, which comprises the following steps: step one, crop rotation and stubble rotation are carried out, and corn and millet are selected; step two, preparing an organic fertilizer, collecting and crushing an organic substrate after the organic substrate is collected, wherein the length of the crushed organic substrate is 0.5-5cm, adding a fermentation inoculum and water into the crushed organic substrate to form a mixture, fermenting, controlling the dry matter content in the mixture to be 40-60%, obtaining solid biogas residues and liquid biogas slurry after the fermentation is finished, airing part of biogas residues to be used as a seed fertilizer, and using the rest of biogas residues as a base fertilizer; step three, finely preparing land, deep ploughing in autumn by more than 20 cm, and applying 0.5-3 tons of base fertilizer in the step two per mu; selecting seeds, and selecting seeds and sowing in the last ten days of 4 months to 5 months; step five, sowing, namely selecting a ditch for sowing; step six, field management; and step seven, harvesting and storing. According to the invention, the cushion layer and the surface layer are arranged, so that the seedling shortage rate is reduced, and the growth of germs is promoted.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agriculture, in particular to a novel millet rotation planting method.
Background
Millet is the product of husking millet (school name: setaria itaica): a plant belonging to the Gramineae, ancient millet, also called sorghum, annual grass; the history of millet planted in China is long, and the culture sites of the new stone era of the unearthed millet are as same as those of the Xin' an semi-slope village, hebei Magnetitum mountain and Henan Pei Li Gang, which are equidistant and have six and seven thousand years. Millet is found in the resident remains of the lakeside in switzerland before 7000 years, but the millet is not recorded much in ancient world documents, china has rich variety resources of millet, the millet is rich in protein and vitamin B2, the millet is one of main grains of northern people in China, the millet has high nutritive value, contains rich protein, fat and vitamin, contains 9.7 percent of protein, 1.7 percent of fat and 77 percent of carbohydrate according to analysis of a central health institute, and contains 0.12 mg of carotene, 0.66 mg of vitamin B and 0.09 mg of vitamin B, nicotinic acid, calcium, iron and the like in every 100 g of millet, and the millet has a lot of problems in cold-resistant and barren-resistant soil, wherein the problems of seedling shortage and low continuous cropping yield are prominent.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention discloses a novel millet rotation planting method, which comprises the following steps:
step one, crop rotation and stubble rotation are carried out, and corn and millet are selected;
preparing an organic fertilizer, collecting and crushing an organic substrate, wherein the length of the crushed organic substrate is 0.5-5cm, adding a fermentation inoculum and water into the crushed organic substrate to form a mixture, fermenting, controlling the dry matter content in the mixture to be 40-60%, controlling the weight ratio of the fermentation inoculum to the organic substrate to be more than or equal to 1/3 and less than or equal to 1, obtaining solid biogas residues and liquid biogas slurry after fermentation, taking part of the biogas residues as seed fertilizers after airing, and taking the rest as base fertilizers;
step three, finely preparing land, deep ploughing in autumn by more than 20 cm, and applying 0.5-3 tons of base fertilizer in the step two per mu;
selecting seeds, and selecting seeds and sowing in the last ten days of 4 months to 5 months;
step five, sowing, namely sowing in a ditch with the depth of 5-13cm, arranging a seed fertilizer cushion layer with the depth of 1-3cm in the ditch, sowing millet seeds on the cushion layer, and covering a surface layer formed by the mixture of seed fertilizer and soil after sowing, wherein the sowing amount is 0.7-1.0 kg/mu;
step six, field management, namely checking seedlings, reseeding, fixing seedlings, pedaling seedlings, and intertillage weeding according to a conventional planting method;
and step seven, harvesting and storing, harvesting the millet after the millet is ripe, threshing the millet, airing the millet in time, and packaging and warehousing.
Further, the dry matter concentration at the end of the fermentation in the second step is 35% -45%.
Further, the organic substrate in the second step comprises corn stalk and millet stalk, and the weight ratio of the corn stalk to the millet stalk is 1:1-3:1.
further, the corn straw is a straw with the moisture content of less than or equal to 15% after the silage straw is dried.
Further, the seed selection in the fourth step is followed by soaking treatment, and the biogas slurry in the second step is adopted as the soaking liquid.
Further, in the fifth step, the weight ratio of the seed fertilizer to the soil is 1:2-1:5.
further, the seed manure in the fifth step is aired for 5-12 days.
Further, the rotation period in the first step is three years, and the rotation sequence is corn-millet.
Further, the fermentation inoculum in the second step is fresh cow dung.
Further, the first step further includes a soil preparation step: the soil preparation step comprises the following steps:
step A, digging out the soil planted with millet after harvesting or three months before cultivation, taking the digging depth of 25-40cm as restoration soil, and paving 3-5 kg/mu of water-retaining agent on the surface of the soil after digging out; sprinkling water to saturate the water-retaining agent with water absorption to form an isolation layer, and paving 20-40 kg/mu of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer on the water-retaining agent layer after the water absorption is saturated;
and (B) step (B): b, mixing fermentation substrates, crushed earth surface sundries and millet straw in the restored soil dug in the step A, sprinkling water to control the water content to be 50-60%, so as to obtain treated fermentation soil, backfilling the fermentation soil, covering a film on the backfilled soil, and keeping the water content of the soil to be 50-60% in the fermentation process;
step C: b, after fermentation for 40-50 days, turning over the fermented soil, airing until the water content is less than 10%, and keeping for 10-15 days;
step D: and C, sprinkling water to the soil after deep ploughing in the step C until the soil moisture exceeds proper soil moisture, deep ploughing to a depth of 40-45cm, airing until the soil moisture is proper, and adjusting the pH of the soil to 6-7 to finish soil preparation.
Further, in the step B, the pH of the fermentation process is controlled to be in the range of 5-6.
Further, the water-retaining agent in the step A is a degradable water-retaining agent, such as a grafted starch water-retaining agent.
Advantageous effects
The invention discloses a novel millet rotation planting method, which eliminates grass seeds through anaerobic and aerobic fermentation, adopts fermented biogas residues as a base fertilizer, can improve the soil structure, improves the continuous cropping yield of millet, promotes the growth and the soil breaking of germs through arranging a cushion layer and a surface layer, improves the air permeability of the surface layer, reduces the hardening of the surface layer soil caused by rainfall to a certain extent to affect germination, and reduces the seedling shortage rate.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated, but not limited to, the following examples.
The novel millet rotation planting method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step one, crop rotation and stubble rotation are carried out, and corn and millet are selected; preferably, the rotation period is three years, and the rotation sequence is corn-millet.
Preparing an organic fertilizer, collecting and crushing an organic substrate, wherein the length of the crushed organic substrate is 0.5-5cm, adding a fermentation inoculum and water into the crushed organic substrate to form a mixture, fermenting, controlling the dry matter content in the mixture to be 40-60%, controlling the weight ratio of the fermentation inoculum to the organic substrate to be more than or equal to 1/3 and less than or equal to 1, obtaining solid biogas residues and liquid biogas slurry after fermentation, taking part of the biogas residues as seed fertilizers after airing, and taking the rest as base fertilizers; the airing time is 5-12 days, preferably, the dry matter concentration is 35% -45% at the end of fermentation, preferably, the straw comprises corn straw and millet straw, and the weight ratio of the corn straw to the millet straw is 1:1-3:1, the preferred corn straw is a silage straw, the moisture content of which is less than or equal to 15 percent after drying, and the fermentation inoculum in the second step is fresh cow dung.
Step three, finely preparing land, deep ploughing in autumn by more than 20 cm, and applying 0.5-3 tons of base fertilizer in the step two per mu;
and step four, selecting seeds, sowing seeds in the last ten days of 4 months to 5 months, preferably soaking the seeds after selecting seeds, wherein the soaking solution adopts biogas slurry in the step two.
Step five, sowing, namely sowing in a ditch with the depth of 5-13cm, arranging a seed fertilizer cushion layer with the depth of 1-3cm in the ditch, sowing millet seeds on the cushion layer, and covering a surface layer formed by the mixture of seed fertilizer and soil after sowing, wherein the weight ratio of biogas residues to soil is 1:2-1:5, the sowing quantity is 0.7-1.0 kg/mu;
step six, field management, namely checking seedlings, reseeding, fixing seedlings, pedaling seedlings, and intertillage weeding according to a conventional planting method;
and step seven, harvesting and storing, harvesting the millet after the millet is ripe, threshing the millet, airing the millet in time, and packaging and warehousing.
In the second step, through setting up bed course and top layer, through the soil on top layer and natural pond sediment mixture, natural pond sediment aerobic fermentation improves top layer carbon dioxide concentration, promotes germ growth and breaks earth, and improves the gas permeability on top layer, reduces the top layer soil hardening that the rainfall caused to a certain extent and influences the germination, through bed course and top layer cooperation improvement root growth and germ growth, reduces the rate of lacking seedlings. And the cushion layer and the surface layer are wrapped on the periphery of the millet seeds, so that the seeds are prevented from being contacted with external soil in the initial germination stage and the initial growth stage, the influence of the soil environment on the growth of the millet when the current stubble is used as the millet is reduced, the facultative anaerobe is adopted for fermentation, the grass seeds are sterilized in the anaerobic process, carbon dioxide is produced by aerobic fermentation, and the growth of the embryo is promoted.
Further, the first step further includes a soil preparation step: the soil preparation step comprises the following steps:
step A, digging out the soil planted with millet after harvesting or three months before cultivation, taking the digging depth of 25-40cm as restoration soil, and paving 3-5 kg/mu of water-retaining agent on the surface of the soil after digging out; sprinkling water to saturate the water-retaining agent with water absorption to form an isolation layer, and paving 15-25 kg/mu of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer on the water-retaining agent layer after the water absorption is saturated;
and (B) step (B): b, mixing fermentation substrates, crushed earth surface sundries and millet straw in the restored soil dug in the step A, sprinkling water to control the water content to be 50-60%, so as to obtain treated fermentation soil, backfilling the fermentation soil, covering a film on the backfilled soil, and keeping the water content of the soil to be 50-60% in the fermentation process;
step C: b, after fermentation for 40-50 days, turning over the fermented soil, airing until the water content is less than 10%, and keeping for 10-15 days;
step D: and C, sprinkling water to the soil after deep ploughing in the step C until the soil exceeds the proper soil moisture, deep ploughing, airing until the soil moisture is proper, adjusting the pH value of the soil to be 6-7, and finishing soil preparation.
Further, in the step B, the pH of the fermentation process is controlled to be in the range of 5-6.
Further, the water-retaining agent in the step A is a degradable water-retaining agent, such as a grafted starch water-retaining agent.
Through the soil preparation step, grass seeds in soil and soil surface can be effectively killed, weeds are prevented from being clustered after millet is planted, the pests are serious, through the arrangement of the water-retaining agent layer and the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer layer and the control of the fermentation acid production stage of pH5-6 of the fermented soil, the grass seeds and the pests in the soil can be effectively inactivated, if the pH is too high, the fermentation inactivation of the grass seeds is not facilitated, the phosphate fertilizer can be promoted to be dissolved, fermentation bacteria are inactivated through airing after fermentation, meanwhile, acid substances are promoted to volatilize, the acidity of the soil is effectively reduced, then the phosphate fertilizer and the water-retaining agent are uniformly mixed in the soil through deep ploughing, and excessive water is absorbed by the fermented substances and the dissolved phosphate fertilizer through the water-retaining agent and is slowly released in the subsequent growth process, so that the fertility of the soil is increased; further, the water-retaining agent is selected to be degradable and is isolated through the phosphate fertilizer layer and dissolved and absorbed in the water-retaining agent under the acid condition, so that the environment unsuitable for microbial growth of the water-retaining agent layer is formed, the fermentation degradation failure of the water-retaining agent is avoided, the growth quantity of weeds of next crops can be reduced by 70% through soil preparation, diseases and insect pests are reduced, the phosphate fertilizer is effectively promoted to be dissolved, the consumption of the phosphate fertilizer is reduced by more than 30%, and the root system growth of millet in the early growth stage is more developed than that of land parcels without soil preparation. Through watering before deep ploughing, acidic substances in the restored soil are prevented from infiltrating below the water-retaining agent layer, soil acidification below the water-retaining agent layer is prevented, fermentation products can be absorbed through water absorption of the water-retaining agent layer, and dissolved phosphate fertilizer is used for fixing the phosphate fertilizer in the superficial soil to reduce loss, so that rooting of crops in an initial stage is promoted, and degradable water-retaining agent is selected to be fermented and degraded in the next soil preparation.
Example 1
A novel millet rotation planting method comprises the following steps:
step one, crop rotation and stubble turning, wherein corn-millet are selected as a crop rotation period every three years;
step two, preparing organic fertilizer from the straws, wherein the weight ratio is 3:1, crushing corn straw and millet straw to a length of 0.5cm, adding cow dung and water into the crushed straw to form a mixture, and fermenting, wherein the dry matter content in the mixture is controlled to be 50%, the weight ratio of the cow dung to the straw is equal to 1, and the fermentation is finished when the dry matter concentration is 40%; after fermentation, separating to obtain solid biogas residues and liquid biogas slurry, wherein part of biogas residues are used as seed fertilizers after airing, and the rest are used as base fertilizers, and the airing time is 10 days;
step three, finely preparing land, deep ploughing in autumn by more than 20 cm, and applying 0.5-3 tons of base fertilizer in the step two per mu;
selecting seeds, sowing seeds in the last ten days of 4 months to 5 months, soaking the seeds after selecting the seeds, wherein the soaking solution adopts biogas slurry in the second step;
step five, sowing, namely sowing in a ditch with the depth of 10cm, arranging a seed fertilizer cushion layer with the depth of 1.5cm in the ditch, sowing millet seeds on the cushion layer, and covering a surface layer formed by the mixture of seed fertilizer and soil after sowing, wherein the weight ratio of the seed fertilizer to the soil is 1:3, and the sowing amount is 0.7-1.0 kg/mu;
step six, field management, namely checking seedlings, reseeding, fixing seedlings, pedaling seedlings, and intertillage weeding according to a conventional planting method;
and step seven, harvesting and storing, harvesting the millet after the millet is ripe, threshing the millet, airing the millet in time, and packaging and warehousing.
Example 2
Step one, crop rotation and stubble rotation, wherein corn-millet is selected as a crop rotation period every two years;
step two, preparing organic fertilizer from the straws, wherein the weight ratio is 3:1, crushing the corn straw and the millet straw after being collected, wherein the length of the crushed straw is 1.5cm, adding cow dung and water into the crushed straw and the crushed weed to form a mixture, fermenting, controlling the dry matter content in the mixture to be 50%, and finishing the fermentation when the weight ratio of the cow dung to the straw is equal to 1 and the dry matter concentration is 40%; after fermentation, separating to obtain solid biogas residues and liquid biogas slurry, wherein part of biogas residues are used as seed fertilizers after airing, and the rest are used as base fertilizers, and the airing time is 10 days;
step three, finely preparing land, deep ploughing in autumn by more than 20 cm, and applying 0.5-3 tons of base fertilizer in the step two per mu;
selecting seeds, sowing seeds in the last ten days of 4 months to 5 months, soaking the seeds after selecting the seeds, wherein the soaking solution adopts biogas slurry in the second step;
step five, sowing, namely selecting a ditch for sowing, wherein the ditch depth is 10cm, a seed fertilizer cushion layer with the depth of 1.5cm is arranged in the ditch, millet seeds are sown on the cushion layer, a surface layer formed by a mixture of seed fertilizer and soil is covered after sowing, the weight ratio of the seed fertilizer to the soil is 1:3, and the sowing amount is the same as that of the embodiment 1;
step six, field management, namely checking seedlings, reseeding, fixing seedlings, pedaling seedlings, and intertillage weeding according to a conventional planting method;
and step seven, harvesting and storing, harvesting the millet after the millet is ripe, threshing the millet, airing the millet in time, and packaging and warehousing.
Example 3
Step one, crop rotation and stubble turning, wherein corn-millet are selected as a crop rotation period every three years;
step two, preparing organic fertilizer from the straws, wherein the weight ratio is 1:1, crushing the corn stalks and the millet stalks after being collected, wherein the length of the crushed stalks is 3cm, adding cow dung and water into the crushed stalks and the weeds to form a mixture, and fermenting, wherein the dry matter content in the mixture is controlled to be 60%, the weight ratio of the cow dung to the stalks is equal to 1/3, and the fermentation is finished when the dry matter concentration is 45%; after fermentation, separating to obtain solid biogas residues and liquid biogas slurry, wherein part of biogas residues are used as seed fertilizers after airing, and the rest are used as base fertilizers, and the airing time is 5 days;
step three, finely preparing land, deep ploughing in autumn by more than 20 cm, and applying 0.5-3 tons of base fertilizer in the step two per mu;
selecting seeds, sowing seeds in the last ten days of 4 months to 5 months, soaking the seeds after selecting the seeds, wherein the soaking solution adopts biogas slurry in the second step;
step five, sowing, namely selecting a ditch for sowing, wherein the ditch depth is 13cm, arranging a 3cm seed fertilizer cushion layer in the ditch, sowing millet seeds on the cushion layer, and covering a surface layer formed by a mixture of seed fertilizer and soil after sowing, wherein the weight ratio of the seed fertilizer to the soil is 1:2, and the sowing amount is the same as that of the embodiment 1;
step six, field management, namely checking seedlings, reseeding, fixing seedlings, pedaling seedlings, and intertillage weeding according to a conventional planting method;
and step seven, harvesting and storing, harvesting the millet after the millet is ripe, threshing the millet, airing the millet in time, and packaging and warehousing.
Example 4
Step one, crop rotation and stubble turning, wherein corn-millet are selected as a crop rotation period every three years;
step two, preparing organic fertilizer from the straws, wherein the weight ratio is 2:1, crushing the corn straw and the millet straw after being collected, wherein the length of the crushed straw is 5cm, adding cow dung and water into the crushed straw and the crushed weed to form a mixture, fermenting, controlling the dry matter content in the mixture to be 40%, and finishing the fermentation when the weight ratio of the cow dung to the straw is equal to 1/2 and the dry matter concentration is 35%; after fermentation, separating to obtain solid biogas residues and liquid biogas slurry, wherein part of biogas residues are used as seed fertilizers after airing, and the rest are used as base fertilizers, and the airing time is 12 days;
step three, finely preparing land, deep ploughing in autumn by more than 20 cm, and applying 0.5-3 tons of base fertilizer in the step two per mu;
selecting seeds, sowing seeds in the last ten days of 4 months to 5 months, soaking the seeds after selecting the seeds, wherein the soaking solution adopts biogas slurry in the second step;
step five, sowing, namely selecting a ditch for sowing, wherein the ditch depth is 5cm, a 1cm seed fertilizer cushion layer is arranged in the ditch, millet seeds are sown on the cushion layer, a surface layer formed by a mixture of seed fertilizer and soil is covered after sowing, the weight ratio of the seed fertilizer to the soil is 1:5, and the sowing amount is the same as that of the embodiment 1;
step six, field management, namely checking seedlings, reseeding, fixing seedlings, pedaling seedlings, and intertillage weeding according to a conventional planting method;
and step seven, harvesting and storing, harvesting the millet after the millet is ripe, threshing the millet, airing the millet in time, and packaging and warehousing.
Example 5
Step one, crop rotation and stubble turning, wherein corn-millet are selected as a crop rotation period every three years;
step two, preparing organic fertilizer from the straws, wherein the weight ratio is 3:1, crushing the corn straw and the millet straw after being collected, wherein the length of the crushed straw is 1.5cm, adding cow dung and water into the crushed straw and the crushed weed to form a mixture, fermenting, controlling the dry matter content in the mixture to be 50%, controlling the weight ratio of the cow dung to the straw to be 1, and finishing the fermentation when the dry matter concentration is 30%; after fermentation, separating to obtain solid biogas residues and liquid biogas slurry, wherein part of biogas residues are used as seed fertilizers after airing, and the rest are used as base fertilizers, and the airing time is 10 days;
step three, finely preparing land, deep ploughing in autumn by more than 20 cm, and applying 0.5-3 tons of base fertilizer in the step two per mu;
selecting seeds, and selecting seeds and sowing in the last ten days of 4 months to 5 months;
step five, sowing, namely selecting a ditch for sowing, wherein the ditch depth is 10cm, a seed fertilizer cushion layer with the depth of 1.5cm is arranged in the ditch, millet seeds are sown on the cushion layer, a surface layer formed by a mixture of seed fertilizer and soil is covered after sowing, the weight ratio of the seed fertilizer to the soil is 1:3, and the sowing amount is the same as that of the embodiment 1;
step six, field management, namely checking seedlings, reseeding, fixing seedlings, pedaling seedlings, and intertillage weeding according to a conventional planting method;
and step seven, harvesting and storing, harvesting the millet after the millet is ripe, threshing the millet, airing the millet in time, and packaging and warehousing.
Example 6
The difference between this example and example 1 is that the corn stalks are silage stalks, the moisture content of the silage stalks after drying is less than or equal to 15%, and the length after crushing is 2.5cm, and the rest is the same as example 1.
Example 7
The difference between this example and example 4 is that the corn stalks are silage stalks, the moisture content of the silage stalks is less than or equal to 15% after drying, the length of the silage stalks after crushing is 2.5cm, and the rest is the same as example 4.
Example 8
The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 6 is that the first step further includes a soil preparation step: the soil preparation step comprises the following steps:
step A, digging out the soil planted with millet after harvesting or three months before cultivation, taking the digging depth of 25-40cm as restoration soil, and paving 3-5 kg/mu of water-retaining agent on the surface of the soil after digging out; sprinkling water to saturate the water-retaining agent with water absorption to form an isolation layer, and paving 15-25 kg/mu of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer on the water-retaining agent layer after the water absorption is saturated;
and (B) step (B): b, mixing fermentation substrates, crushed earth surface sundries and millet straw in the restored soil dug in the step A, sprinkling water to control the water content to be 50-60%, so as to obtain treated fermentation soil, backfilling the fermentation soil, covering a film on the backfilled soil, and keeping the water content of the soil to be 50-60% in the fermentation process;
step C: b, after fermentation for 40-50 days, turning over the fermented soil, airing until the water content is less than 10%, and keeping for 10-15 days;
step D: and C, sprinkling water to the soil after deep ploughing in the step C until the soil exceeds the proper soil moisture, deep ploughing, airing until the soil moisture is proper, adjusting the pH value of the soil to be 6-7, and finishing soil preparation.
The procedure is as in example 6.
Example 9
This example differs from example 8 in that the pH of the fermentation process is controlled in step B in the range of 5-6, the remainder being the same as in example 8.
Comparative example 1
The comparative example was different from example 1 in that the pulverization length in the second step was 7cm, the thickness of the mat was 4cm, and the rest was the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 2
The difference between this comparative example and example 1 is that the trench depth in step two is 3cm, the weight ratio of surface biogas residue to soil is 1:1, and the remainder is the same as example 1.
Comparative example 3
The difference between the comparative example and the example 1 is that the trench depth in the second step is 15cm, the weight ratio of the surface biogas residue to the soil is 1:6, and the rest is the same as the example 1.
Comparative example 4
This comparative example differs from example 1 in that millet continuous cropping was used, and the remainder was the same as example 1.
Comparative example 5
The comparative example adopts a conventional millet rotation planting mode.
Comparative example 6
The comparative example differs from example 1 in that no bedding layer was provided and the surface soil contained no biogas residue.
Comparative example 7
The comparative example is different from example 8 in that deep ploughing is performed first in step D and then water is sprayed, and the rest is the same as example 8.
The rice yield, emergence rate, etc. of the above examples and comparative examples are compared, and the comparison results are shown in Table 1 below.
TABLE 1
As can be seen from table 1 above, the millet planted by the planting method of the present invention is higher than the control group in terms of acre yield, germination rate and disease rate, and the thickness of the bedding layer, the proportion of soil and biogas residues in the surface layer and the trench depth are superior to those of the prior art, and the germination rate is reduced by nearly 20% compared with that of example 1; the yield is also greatly reduced, and the disease plant rate of the planting method is lower than that of a control group; the planting method has strong capability of restoring soil, can realize a novel rotation mode of corn-millet, has the yield and disease rate which are not much different from those of the conventional rotation method, and can greatly increase the per mu yield and the economic income; the silage straws with larger length are adopted as fermentation substrates after being dried, the mu yield can be increased, the preferable length is 1.5-3 cm, and when the length is less than 1.5 or more than 3cm, the yield can be reduced by about 5% -6%, and the optimal length is 2.5 cm.
As can be seen from the table, after the soil preparation steps of examples 8 and 9 are adopted, the yield per mu is greatly improved, especially in the aspects of thousand seed weight and disease rate, because the soil preparation kills plant diseases and insect pests in the soil, the weed quantity of the field in example 9 is obviously reduced, the comparison of the water spraying and deep ploughing sequences of example 8 and comparative example 7 can show that the yield per mu is greatly affected, the plants of the field in examples 6 and 8 are taken out, the root systems of the plants in example 8 are more developed than those of the plants in example 6, the quantity and the diameter of the roots are higher than those of the plants in example 6, and the root systems of the plants are weak due to the acid development of the soil of the field in comparative example 7, so that the yield is affected.
It can be seen from the above table that the lodging rate in the examples is lower, while the lodging rate in the comparative examples is higher, and the thickness of the cushion layer and the depth of the trench by adopting the above table can be reduced.
The planting method of the invention can improve the yellow pigment content in millet, and the yellow pigment content in the detection example 1 is about 20.1mg/kg, and the yellow pigment content in the comparison example is 12.1-13.2mg/kg.
It should be understood that the above-described embodiments of the present invention are provided by way of example only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Other variations or modifications of the above teachings will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. Not all embodiments are exhaustive. All obvious changes or modifications which come within the spirit of the invention are desired to be protected.
Claims (8)
1. The novel millet rotation planting method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step one, crop rotation and stubble rotation are carried out, and corn and millet are selected;
preparing an organic fertilizer, collecting and crushing an organic substrate, wherein the length of the crushed organic substrate is 0.5-5cm, adding a fermentation inoculum and water into the crushed organic substrate to form a mixture, fermenting, controlling the dry matter content in the mixture to be 40-60%, controlling the weight ratio of the fermentation inoculum to the organic substrate to be more than or equal to 1/3 and less than or equal to 1, obtaining solid biogas residues and liquid biogas slurry after fermentation, taking part of the biogas residues as seed fertilizers after airing, and taking the rest as base fertilizers;
step three, finely preparing land, deep ploughing in autumn by more than 20 cm, and applying 0.5-3 tons of base fertilizer in the step two per mu;
selecting seeds, and selecting seeds and sowing in the last ten days of 4 months to 5 months;
step five, sowing, namely sowing in a ditch with the depth of 5-13cm, arranging a seed fertilizer cushion layer with the depth of 1-3cm in the ditch, sowing millet seeds on the cushion layer, and covering a surface layer formed by the mixture of seed fertilizer and soil after sowing, wherein the weight ratio of the seed fertilizer to the soil in the surface layer is 1:2-1:5, airing the seed fertilizer in the step for 5-12 days;
step six, field management, namely checking seedlings, reseeding, fixing seedlings, pedaling seedlings, and intertillage weeding according to a conventional planting method;
and step seven, harvesting and storing, harvesting the millet after the millet is ripe, threshing the millet, airing the millet in time, and packaging and warehousing.
2. The novel rotation planting method of millet in claim 1, wherein the dry matter concentration at the end of the fermentation in the second step is 35% -45%.
3. The novel rotation planting method of millet according to claim 1, wherein the organic substrate in the second step comprises corn stalk and millet stalk, and the weight ratio of corn stalk to millet stalk is 1:1-3:1.
4. the novel rotation planting method of millet in claim 3, wherein the corn stalks are silage stalks, and the moisture content of the silage stalks is less than or equal to 15% after the silage stalks are dried.
5. The novel rotation planting method of millet according to claim 1, wherein the soaking treatment is performed after the seed selection in the fourth step, and the biogas slurry in the second step is adopted as the soaking solution.
6. The novel rotation planting method of millet in claim 1, wherein the rotation period in the first step is three years, and the rotation sequence is corn-millet.
7. The novel rotation planting method of millet in claim 1, wherein the fermentation inoculum in the second step is fresh cow dung.
8. The novel rotation planting method of millet as set forth in claim 1, further comprising a soil preparation step before said step one: the soil preparation step comprises the following steps:
step A, digging out the soil planted with millet after harvesting or three months before cultivation, taking the digging depth of 25-40cm as restoration soil, and paving 3-5 kg/mu of water-retaining agent on the surface of the soil after digging out; sprinkling water to saturate the water-retaining agent with water absorption to form an isolation layer, and paving 15-25 kg/mu of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer on the water-retaining agent layer after the water absorption is saturated;
and (B) step (B): b, mixing fermentation substrates, crushed earth surface sundries and millet straw in the restored soil dug in the step A, sprinkling water to control the water content to be 50-60%, so as to obtain treated fermentation soil, backfilling the fermentation soil, covering a film on the backfilled soil, and keeping the water content of the soil to be 50-60% in the fermentation process;
step C: b, after fermentation for 40-50 days, turning over the fermented soil, airing until the water content is less than 10%, and keeping for 10-15 days;
step D: and C, sprinkling water to the soil after deep ploughing in the step C until the soil exceeds the proper soil moisture, deep ploughing, airing until the soil moisture is proper, adjusting the pH value of the soil to be 6-7, and finishing soil preparation.
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| CN105993503A (en) * | 2016-05-30 | 2016-10-12 | 安徽省丰蓼农业开发有限公司 | Good-quality millet ecological planting method |
| CN107698383A (en) * | 2017-08-29 | 2018-02-16 | 紫云自治县恒泰农牧开发有限公司 | A kind of method that stalk fermentation is backfilling into milpa |
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| CN105993503A (en) * | 2016-05-30 | 2016-10-12 | 安徽省丰蓼农业开发有限公司 | Good-quality millet ecological planting method |
| CN107698383A (en) * | 2017-08-29 | 2018-02-16 | 紫云自治县恒泰农牧开发有限公司 | A kind of method that stalk fermentation is backfilling into milpa |
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