CN109168925A - A kind of cultural method improving salt-soda soil guava quality and yield - Google Patents
A kind of cultural method improving salt-soda soil guava quality and yield Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
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Abstract
The present invention relates to sesbania field of planting, and in particular to a kind of cultural method for improving salt-soda soil guava quality and yield.This kind of method interplants sesbania by guava garden, not only efficiently uses guava orchard space, improves the ecological environment of soil, using sesbania nitrogen fixation and cradle and bury blueness, the soil organism is increased, soil hardening and salinization of soil are avoided, increases production guava and sesbania in pairs；It is cradled in sesbania different times and buries blueness, be that organic fertilizer material and compound fertilizer, the more preferable growth for promoting sesbania and guava are matched in orchard, farmyard manure and utilizing for waste material ferment, realize waste utilization, save cost；Realize the raising of guava yield and quality.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to sesbania field of planting, and in particular to a kind of cultivation side for improving salt-soda soil guava quality and yield
Method.
Background technique
Sesbania is leguminous plant, and stalk is upright, well developed root system, is enriched with slightly solubility in deep soil nutrient and activating soil and supports
Point ability is strong, dross is more, nitrogen fixing capacity is strong, and the spongy tissue ventilated is formed by Yan Hou stem, close to water surface director many
Water root, and can normal dross and fixed nitrogen.Sesbania nitrogen rich in (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K) and microelement, nutrient contain
Amount has differences with the difference at breeding time and position.Seedling stage plant is fresh and tender, dry matter is few.After florescence, dry matter is largely accumulated,
Grass yield increases, and nutrient total content is higher than seedling stage.The content of nitrogen and phosphorous is higher in blade, and potassium content is high in stem.Leaded wastewater in cured leaf piece
It is 4.03%, contains P2O5It is 1.00%, contains K2O is 0.85%.N is 1.16%, P in stalk2O5For 0.16%, K2O is
1.42%.Sesbania seed containing crude protein 32.9%, content of ashes 0.71%, fat 0.94%, nitrogenous object is 2.3%, sugar
For 9.76%, lignin 16.3%.
Sesbania green forage yield is high, and nutrient content is abundant, and salt tolerance is stronger, is the pioneer crop for improveing saline-alkali soil.Plant field
Cyanines are mainly used as fertilizer, can directly plough, apply after its stalk and domestic animals manure stack retting can also be used in addition to improveing saline-alkali soil with it
With.It can make base manure, top dressing can also be made.The time is turned over to make sowing and growth of seedling after not influencing, and with green forage yield and its support
It is principle when dividing total content highest.
Increase soil water-stable granule total amount after turning over sesbania, the soil weight reduces, and porosity increases, and can inhibit soil
The accumulation of salt in the surface soil.Sesbania stalk after sowing, can also peeling do fiber crops substitute.So with sesbania herbage outstanding effect and it is low at
Originally, the trade benefit of high yield is slowly found in agriculture field, is badly in need of the more systematic excellent cultural method of one kind to embody
The application and value of sesbania herbage in practice.
Guava is called fragrant plant pleasure, is Myrtaceae Psidium plant, originates in american torrid zone area, is suitable for tropical climate,
Be afraid of frost, when general temperature~1 DEG C~2 DEG C, treelet can freeze to death.23~28 DEG C of optimum temperature of growth, minimum monthly mean temperature
15.5 DEG C or more are just conducive to grow.Annual rainfall is advisable with 1000~2000mm.Drought-enduring also moisture-proof, light is sunny, knot
Fruit is early, quality is good.Guava plantation is largely introduced Fujian Province's the 1990s from TaiWan, China, due to guava perpetual bloom
Fruiting, 1 year can be 1~3 time with fruit picking, deep to be liked by the majority of consumers and farmer, and the whole province guava cultivated area is about at present
Up to 3.8 ten thousand mu.But due to special temperature and moisture requirement, a variety of plants of the guava of Fujian Province's plantation are in coastal salt-soda soil, salt
Alkali some content of mineral substances it is high, but soil organic matter content is low, there is that low temperature, soil is thin, structure is poor.Into the mature stage
Afterwards, plantation declines soil fertility due to consuming a large amount of nutrients in the guava fruit tree in salt-soda soil, soil hardening, root system aging,
A variety of pest and disease damages such as citrus fruit fly, anthracnose, root-knot nematode are on the rise, in addition traditional clean tillage is cultivated, orchard largely makes
With chemical agent weeding, soil aggregate structure is caused to be destroyed, water body chemical medicament is seriously polluted, the production in most of fragrant plant Rogor garden
Less than 1000kg, Pesticide Residues in Fruit is high for amount and quality decline or even some fruit per mu yields.Therefore how salt affected soil is improved, pushed away
Into guava industry sustainable and healthy development, become an important topic of coastal fruit industry development.
Summary of the invention
The technical problems to be solved by the present invention are: providing a kind of cultivation side for improving salt-soda soil guava quality and yield
Method, this kind of method use to cradle and bury green and fertilizer by carrying out symbiosis plantation in guava kind sesbania in sesbania different growing stages
Material application combines, and improves sesbania yield, by reducing the harmful ion in alkaline land soil, increases alkaline land soil arable layer
The content of organic matter, improves the absorbability of guava root, to improve guava yield.
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, the technical solution adopted by the present invention are as follows: a kind of to utilize raising salt-soda soil guava
Quality and yield, comprising the following steps:
Step 1, sesbania sowing time be 4~May, sowing before is sowed per acre in the salt-soda soil guava garden at 1~3 age
500~600 kilograms of organic fertilizer, organic fertilizer bury with turning over, and then interplant sesbania in the guava garden of salt-soda soil, guava
Seeding row spacing is 1.5m × 3.0m, and the drip spacing at place of the tree crown of sesbania and guava is 50~60cm, the line-spacing of sesbania is 30~
50cm；
Step 2, sesbania long to plant height are that 80~100cm will cradle burying blueness, cradle want 8~10cm of toothing in favor of
Again the branch for sending out new is taken out；
After step 3, sesbania produce seeds, pod xanthochromia rate can harvest picking when being more than or equal to 75%.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are: the present invention, not only can benefit by interplanting sesbania in guava orchard
With guava remaining space, increase land utilization ratio, improve shade rate, reduce salt-soda soil orchard moisture evaporation amount, improves soil
Ecological environment is reduced the function of soil salt ion using sesbania, avoids soil hardening and salinization of soil, increase soil fertility, and is increased
The content of soil with organic matter increases production interplanting crops and sesbania in pairs, adds soil conditioner to improve and optimize soil product
Kind and structure convenient for the growth of planting area and coming year sesbania can also greatly reduce the saline and alkaline of soil；By in sesbania
Different growing applies the fertilizer needed for it, can more preferably promote the growth of sesbania, to realize that flourishing, seed is full rich
It is large.
Specific embodiment
To explain the technical content, the achieved purpose and the effect of the present invention in detail, it is explained below in conjunction with embodiment.
The most critical design of the present invention is: carrying out symbiosis plantation by guava kind sesbania, grown in sesbania difference
Phase is cradled and fertilizer application, not only improves sesbania itself yield, while also improving soil environment, improves guava and produces
Amount.
The present invention provides a kind of cultural method for improving salt-soda soil guava quality and yield, comprising the following steps:
Step 1, sesbania sowing time be 4~May, sowing before is sowed per acre in the salt-soda soil guava garden at 1~3 age
500~600 kilograms of organic fertilizer, organic fertilizer bury with turning over, and then interplant sesbania in the guava garden of salt-soda soil, guava
Seeding row spacing is 1.5m × 3.0m, and the spacing of sesbania and guava is 50~60cm, and the line-spacing of sesbania is 30~50cm；
Step 2, sesbania long to plant height are that 80~100cm will cradle burying blueness, cradle want 8~10cm of toothing in favor of
Again the branch for sending out new is taken out；
After step 3, sesbania produce seeds, pod xanthochromia rate can harvest picking when being more than or equal to 75%.
As can be seen from the above description, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: the present invention in guava by interplanting sesbania, in this way
It not only can use guava remaining space, increase land utilization ratio, while by the plantation of sesbania, can preferably improve kind
Pomegranate soil soil environment, increases the content of soil with organic matter, increases soil fertility, and makes guava volume increase, increases matter.
Sesbania kind is determined according to guava kind, guava line space, there is normal sesbania at present and downgrades sesbania two
Kind kind, is pulse family, but the plant strain growth height of normal sesbania is higher, generally at 3 meters or more, will affect a kind stone sometimes
The picking of pomegranate, the spraying of pesticide and field nursing, at this moment will select the dwarfing sesbania by improvement, the line number that the present invention uses
Than preferably convenient channel can be provided for field nursing with spacing, while better ventilation condition is also provided, made
Guava and sesbania are increased production mutually.
Step 4, the annual 2-3 month carry out the trimming of guava complete stool, carry out organic fertilizer application before blooming, and every plant 2-3 kilograms,
Bagging is carried out when long to 2 centimetres of diameter of fruit, while in order to reduce orchard moisture evaporation, the sesbania after cradling can be used at this time
It carries out burying blueness.After winter sesbania harvest, the deep ploughing operation of guava orchard is carried out, soil shine white.
Further, before sesbania sowing, need to handle sesbania: it is 50~60 DEG C that Sesbania seed, which is put into temperature,
Water in impregnate 20~30h, Sesbania seed and guava are subjected to intercropping after seed soaking.
There is wax on Sesbania seed skin depth, surface, and water suction is difficult.So needing to carry out warm water carries out seed soaking, meanwhile,
It can carry out sandy soil and rub kind of a processing with the hands, to improve germination percentage and emergence rate.
Further, further comprising the steps of between the step 1 and step 2:
Applied around rice shoot within 20~30 days after sesbania emergence and pour liquid fertilizer, into the florescence after apply compound fertilizer, apply fertilizer laggard
Row pours.
The present invention to the organic-treating of soil, not only improves soil before planting, while being also the Seedling Stage of sesbania
Enough nutrients are provided, it is made to grow up strong and sturdy, it is flourishing；Seedling period is sesbania more crucial growth period, so this
When apply and be easy to the liquid manure of osmotic absorption, be convenient for plant fast germination, stripping；Sesbania needs a large amount of N P and K after into the florescence
At this moment element applies the compound fertilizer for being rich in N P and K, growth and photosynthesis convenient for plant immediately；Since sesbania root system is sent out
It reaches, water absorbing capacity is strong, so carrying out watering Irrigation preferably can provide moisture for plant, what is absorbed water after fertilising
Meanwhile nutrient also promotes the growth of guava by applying fertilizer also therewith by plant root absorption.
Further, the organic fertilizer and liquid fertilizer include the following steps preparation:
Step a, by 100~200 parts by weight of poultry manure, 30~50 parts by weight of cavings, 10~25 parts by weight of sawdust, stalk
80~100 parts by weight and the mixing of 50~60 parts by weight of water, obtain solid state substrate；
It step b, will stirring, fermentation after addition bacteria residue, fermentation temperature be 60~70 DEG C in the resulting solid state substrate of step a,
Fermentation time is 14~21 days, obtains tunning；
Step c, the resulting tunning of step b is separated by solid-liquid separation, gained liquid is liquid fertilizer, described solid
It is organic fertilizer after the drying of state substance.
Seen from the above description, the organic fertilizer in the present invention and liquid fertilizer are excrement, cavings, sawdust obtained by poultry pig farm
It is separated with stalk mixing post-fermentation, raw material is organic matter, and has stronger fibroid, makes obtained to have in this way
Machine fertilizer can make soil more loose, possess good gas permeability, while the organic matter in soil can also increase significantly, and fermentation can
With the organic macromolecule for the overwhelming majority of degrading, the nutrient of more free states is obtained；It can also be killed in raw material by fermentation
After avoiding fertilising pest and disease damage occurs for worm's ovum and germ.
Further, the solid content of the poultry manure is less than or equal to 30%, and the water content of the solid state substrate is small
In or be equal to 30%, the length of the stalk is 3~5mm.
Further, apply the method for compound fertilizer are as follows: the buried compound fertilizer between sesbania and guava, depth be 5~
7cm。
It further, further include step 4, the step 4 are as follows: after sesbania harvesting, soil conditioner is sowed in soil surface,
Sow 5~10 kilograms per acre, then carry out it is comminuted turn over processing, by soil sesbania root and bulk soil smash.
Seen from the above description, by regular real tillage, add soil conditioner improve and optimize soil kind and
Structure can also greatly reduce the saline and alkaline of soil convenient for the growth of orchard and coming year sesbania.
Further, the soil conditioner includes that following raw material is made by weight: 10~15 parts of plant ash, charcoal
1~3 part of ash, 0.5~1 part and 10~15 parts of calcium phosphate of thallus.
Seen from the above description, plant ash, charcoal and calcium phosphate provide sufficient calcium source for soil, and calcium ion can be with
The salt such as chloride ion, sulfate ion in soil combine, and precipitating is lost, and can improve soil ring in this way to avoid the salinization of soil
Border.Meanwhile also there are also other a large amount of minerals for plant root absorption, and charcoal also has very strong adsorptivity,
There is certain slow releasing function after fertilising.
Further, the thallus includes careless bacillus, photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, Trichoderma or bacillusmusilaginosiengineering.
Seen from the above description, it is degraded by different strain, to realize the improvement of soil texture.
Further, the compound fertilizer includes 15~25 parts and 20~30 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate of calcium phosphate according to parts by weight.
Seen from the above description, sesbania nitrogen fixing capacity is strong, not tight to nitrogen requirement, reflects to phosphorus but very sensitive.Apply phosphorus
Fertilizer not only increases sesbania green forage yield, and can improve internal nitrogen and phosphorus content.Seed field applies calcium superphosphate, can make mature pod number
Increase, seed yield improves.
Further, into before the florescence, carrying out pinching and beating the processing of the side heart to every plant of sesbania, the processing time is daily clear
Morning and dusk, after producing seeds, pod xanthochromia rate can harvest picking when being more than or equal to 75%.
Seen from the above description, Daubentonia indefinite inflorescence plant, inflorescence is from bottom to top from inner outside opening, when seed maturation
Between it is different, easily cause ripe pod to burst, and green pod is being formed, in order to guarantee that florescence Relatively centralized, seed are mature consistent, frequently with
Topping and the measure for beating the side heart control nutrient effective consumption, improve seed yield.
Embodiment 1
The preparation of organic fertilizer and liquid fertilizer:
It calculates by weight ratio, by 100 parts of excrement obtained by poultry pig farm, 30 parts of cavings, 10 parts of sawdust and 80 parts of stalk
Add 50 parts of water after mixing, obtain solid state substrate, the solid content of the poultry manure is less than or equal to 30%, the solid state substrate
Water content be less than or equal to 30%, the length of the stalk is 3~5mm.
The solid state substrate is put into fermentation reaction kettle, stirs after bacteria residue is added, ferments after stirring, fermentation temperature
It is 60 DEG C, fermentation time is 14 days, obtains tunning；The tunning is drained into cyclone and carries out solid-liquid point
Be liquid fertilizer from, gained liquid, gained solid matter dried after be organic fertilizer.
(1) implantation methods: Sesbania seed is soaked seed in 50 DEG C of water, after seed soaking by Sesbania seed and guava into
Row intercropping, the seeding row spacing of guava are 1.5m × 3.0m, and the spacing of sesbania and crop is 60cm, and the line-spacing of sesbania is
30cm；
(2) fertilizing management: sowing for organic fertilizer is carried out in planting area before sowing, 500 kilograms per acre, is broadcast after turning over
Kind, apply around rice shoot pouring liquid fertilizer within 20 days after emergence, before the florescence, the buried compound fertilizer between two plants of sesbanias included
Calcium phosphate 15kg and calcium magnesium phosphate 20kg, depth 5cm are irrigated immediately after fertilising；
(3) soil treatment: after harvesting, soil conditioner is sowed in soil surface, modifying agent includes plant ash 10kg, raw
Object charcoal ash 1kg, thallus 0.5kg and calcium phosphate 10kg, sow 5 kilograms per acre, then carry out turning over processing, using comminuted when turning over
Turn over, by soil sesbania root and bulk soil smash.
(4), annual 2-3 month carries out the trimming of guava complete stool, carries out organic fertilizer application before blooming, and every plant 2-3 kilograms, to
Carry out bagging at long to 2 centimetres of diameter of fruit, while in order to reduce orchard moisture evaporation, at this time can with the sesbania after cradling into
Row buries blueness.After winter sesbania harvest, the deep ploughing operation of guava orchard is carried out, soil shine white.
Embodiment 2
The preparation of organic fertilizer and liquid fertilizer:
It is calculated according to weight, by 150 parts of excrement obtained by poultry pig farm, 40 parts of cavings, 15 parts of sawdust and stalk 90
Add 55 parts of water after part mixing, obtain solid state substrate, the solid content of the poultry manure is less than or equal to 30%, the solid-state base
The water content of matter is less than or equal to 30%, and the length of the stalk is 3~5mm.
The solid state substrate is put into fermentation reaction kettle, stirs after bacteria residue is added, ferments after stirring, fermentation temperature
It is 65 DEG C, fermentation time is 18 days, obtains tunning；The tunning is drained into cyclone and carries out solid-liquid point
Be liquid fertilizer from, gained liquid, gained solid matter dried after be organic fertilizer.
(1) implantation methods: Sesbania seed is carried out to soak seed in 55 DEG C of water, by Sesbania seed and guava after seed soaking
Carry out intercropping, the seeding row spacing of guava is 1.5m × 3.0m, and the spacing of sesbania and crop is 70cm, and the line-spacing of sesbania is
40cm；
(2) fertilizing management: sowing for organic fertilizer is carried out in planting area before sowing, 550 kilograms per acre, is broadcast after turning over
Kind, apply around rice shoot pouring liquid fertilizer within 25 days after emergence, before the florescence, the buried compound fertilizer between two plants of sesbanias included
Calcium phosphate 20kg and calcium magnesium phosphate 25kg, depth 6cm are irrigated immediately after fertilising；
(4) soil treatment: after harvesting, soil conditioner is sowed in soil surface, modifying agent includes plant ash 12kg, raw
Object charcoal ash 2kg, thallus 0.7kg and calcium phosphate 12kg, sow 7 kilograms per acre, then carry out turning over processing, using comminuted when turning over
Turn over, by soil sesbania root and bulk soil smash.
Embodiment 3
The preparation of organic fertilizer and liquid fertilizer:
It is calculated according to weight, by 200 parts of excrement obtained by poultry pig farm, 50 parts of cavings, 25 parts of sawdust and stalk
Add 60 parts of water after 100 parts of mixing, obtain solid state substrate, the solid content of the poultry manure is described solid less than or equal to 30%
The water content of state matrix is less than or equal to 30%, and the length of the stalk is 3~5mm.
The solid state substrate is put into fermentation reaction kettle, stirs after bacteria residue is added, ferments after stirring, fermentation temperature
It is 70 DEG C, fermentation time is 21 days, obtains tunning；The tunning is drained into cyclone and carries out solid-liquid point
Be liquid fertilizer from, gained liquid, gained solid matter dried after be organic fertilizer.
(1) plantation rule: Sesbania seed is carried out to soak seed in 60 DEG C of water, by Sesbania seed and guava after seed soaking
Carry out intercropping, the seeding row spacing of guava is 1.5m × 3.0m, and the spacing of sesbania and crop is 80cm, and the line-spacing of sesbania is
50cm；
(2) fertilizing management: sowing for organic fertilizer is carried out in planting area before sowing, 600 kilograms per acre, is broadcast after turning over
Kind, apply around rice shoot pouring liquid fertilizer within 30 days after emergence, before the florescence, the buried compound fertilizer between two plants of sesbanias included
25 parts and 30 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate of calcium phosphate, depth 7cm is irrigated immediately after fertilising；
(3) soil treatment: after harvesting, soil conditioner is sowed in soil surface, modifying agent includes 15 parts of plant ash, raw
3 parts of object charcoal ash, 1 part and 15 parts of calcium phosphate of thallus, 10 kilograms are sowed per acre, then carry out turning over processing, using comminuted when turning over
Turn over, by soil sesbania root and bulk soil smash.
Evaluation:
Embodiment 1, embodiment 2 and embodiment 3 through the invention is planted experimentally in experimental plot, and with use traditional approach
The sesbania planted compares, and traditional approach plants the mode of sesbania are as follows: directly plantation does not carry out saline and alkaline in salt-soda soil
The interplanting of ground guava garden cradles, and since the cauline leaf of sesbania can be used as organic fertilizer raw material, the higher the better for the content of organic matter, and this
You can get it by the detection of Physicochemical test ash content for one feature, and ash content is lower, and the content of organics of counter sample is higher；Sesbania kind
Son is the raw material of sesbania gum, and sesbania gum can be used as the emulsifier, thickener and stabilizer of food, to improve the quality of food,
The dry granular weight of seed then may indicate that the turgor of seed.Data comparison such as the following table 1.
Table 1
| Ash content % | Dry granular weight/thousand | Per mu yield (part) | |
| Embodiment 1 | 1.5 | 22 | 5.3 |
| Embodiment 2 | 1.5 | 24 | 5.3 |
| Embodiment 3 | 1.4 | 25 | 5.5 |
| Traditional cultivation | 2.1 | 16 | 3.8 |
It can be seen from Table 1 that sesbania cultural method content of ashes of the invention is significantly lower than obtained by traditional cultivation method
The ash content of plant illustrates that the sesbania content of organics for the cultivation that the present invention obtains is higher than the sesbania of traditional cultivation；Pass through dry granular weight
With the comparison of per mu yield, also sufficiently shows excellent effect of the present invention relative to conventional method, absolutely prove the application at this
Technical field tool is had large improvement.
Table 2 is the yield and quality of guava after 1~3 guava kind sesbania of the embodiment of the present invention carries out symbiosis plantation
With without interplant sesbania Experimental comparison's data:
2 guava yield of table and quality
| Average strain produces (kg) | Soluble solid content (%) | Maximum single fruit weight (g) | |
| Embodiment 1 | 16.5 | 15.1 | 375.3 |
| Embodiment 2 | 17.3 | 14.6 | 365.8 |
| Embodiment 3 | 15.8 | 13.9 | 355.4 |
| Traditional cultivation | 13.6 | 12.1 | 298.7 |
In conclusion the cultural method provided by the invention for improving salt-soda soil guava quality and yield, by a kind stone
Sesbania is interplanted in pomegranate, not only can utilize guava remaining space, increases land utilization ratio, while the kind for passing through sesbania
It plants, can preferably improve guava soil soil environment, increase the content of soil with organic matter, increase soil fertility, make kind
Pomegranate volume increase increases matter.
Sesbania kind is determined according to guava kind, guava line space, there is normal sesbania at present and downgrades sesbania two
Kind kind, is pulse family, but the plant strain growth height of normal sesbania is higher, generally at 3 meters or more, will affect a kind stone sometimes
The picking of pomegranate, the spraying of pesticide and field nursing, at this moment will select the dwarfing sesbania by improvement, the line number that the present invention uses
Than preferably convenient channel can be provided for field nursing with spacing, while better ventilation condition is also provided, made
Guava and sesbania are increased production mutually.
The present invention is by applying the fertilizer needed for it in sesbania different times, such as before planting to the organic fertilizer of soil
Application, not only improves soil, while also providing enough nutrients for the Seedling Stage of sesbania, it is made to grow up strong and sturdy, the numerous leaf of branch
Cyclopentadienyl；Seedling period is sesbania more crucial growth period, so at this moment application is easy to the liquid manure of osmotic absorption, it is quick convenient for plant
Germination, stripping；Sesbania needs a large amount of n-p-k element after into the florescence, at this moment applies the compound fertilizer for being rich in N P and K immediately,
Growth and photosynthesis convenient for plant；Due to sesbania well developed root system, water absorbing capacity is strong, so carrying out watering filling after fertilising
Irrigating preferably to provide moisture for plant, and while absorbing water, nutrient is also therewith by plant root absorption.
There is wax on Sesbania seed skin depth, surface, and water suction is difficult.So needing to carry out warm water carries out seed soaking, meanwhile,
It can carry out sandy soil and rub kind of a processing with the hands, to improve germination percentage and emergence rate.Organic fertilizer and liquid fertilizer in the present invention are poultry pig farm
Gained excrement, cavings, sawdust and stalk mixing post-fermentation separate, and raw material is organic matter, and has stronger fibre
Dimension property allows organic fertilizer obtained keep soil more loose in this way, possesses good gas permeability, while the organic matter in soil
Also can increase significantly, ferment most organic macromolecule that can degrade, and obtains the nutrient of more free states；It can also lead to
Everfermentation kills worm's ovum and germ in raw material, and pest and disease damage occurs after avoiding fertilising.
By regular real tillage, soil conditioner is added to improve soil texture, convenient for the life of fruit tree and coming year sesbania
It is long, it can also greatly reduce the salt ion of soil.Plant ash, charcoal and calcium phosphate provide sufficient calcium source, calcium for soil
Ion can be in conjunction with the salt such as chloride ion, sulfate ion in soil, and precipitating is lost, in this way can to avoid the salinization of soil,
Improve soil environment.Meanwhile also there are also other a large amount of minerals for plant root absorption, and charcoal also have it is very strong
Adsorptivity has certain slow releasing function after fertilising.Sesbania nitrogen fixing capacity is strong, not tight to nitrogen requirement, reflects to phosphorus but very quick
Sense.Application phosphate fertilizer not only increases sesbania green forage yield, and can improve internal nitrogen and phosphorus content.Seed field is applied calcium superphosphate, can be made
Mature pod number increases, and seed yield improves.Daubentonia indefinite inflorescence plant, for inflorescence from bottom to top from inner outside opening, seed is mature
Time is different, and ripe pod is easily caused to burst, and green pod is being formed, in order to guarantee that florescence Relatively centralized, seed are mature consistent, Chang Cai
With the measure for pinching and beating the side heart, nutrient effective consumption is controlled, improves seed yield.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, all to utilize this hair
Equivalents made by bright description are applied directly or indirectly in relevant technical field, are similarly included in this hair
In bright scope of patent protection.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of cultural method for improving salt-soda soil guava quality and yield, which comprises the following steps:
Sow 500~600 kilograms of organic fertilizer before step 1, sowing per acre in the salt-soda soil guava garden at 1~3 age, it is organic
Fertilizer buries with turning over, and then interplants sesbania in the guava garden of salt-soda soil, and the seeding row spacing of guava is 1.5m × 3.0m, sesbania with
The spacing of guava is 50~60cm, and the line-spacing of sesbania is 30~50cm；
Step 2, sesbania are long will cradle burying blueness to plant height for 80~100cm, cradle and want 8~10cm of toothing in favor of taking out again
The branch for sending out new；
After step 3, sesbania produce seeds, pod xanthochromia rate can harvest picking when being more than or equal to 75%.
2. the cultural method according to claim 1 for improving salt-soda soil guava quality and yield, which is characterized in that sesbania
It before sowing, needs to handle sesbania: Sesbania seed being put into the water that temperature is 50~60 DEG C and impregnates 20~30h, seed soaking
Sesbania seed and guava are subjected to intercropping afterwards.
3. the cultural method according to claim 1 for improving salt-soda soil guava quality and yield, which is characterized in that described
It is further comprising the steps of between step 1 and step 2:
Applied around rice shoot within 20~30 days after sesbania emergence and pour liquid fertilizer, into the florescence after apply compound fertilizer, poured after fertilising
It fills.
4. the cultural method according to claim 3 for improving salt-soda soil guava quality and yield, which is characterized in that described
Organic fertilizer and liquid fertilizer include the following steps preparation:
Step a, by 100~200 parts by weight of poultry manure, 30~50 parts by weight of cavings, 10~25 parts by weight of sawdust, stalk 80~
100 parts by weight and the mixing of 50~60 parts by weight of water, obtain solid state substrate；
It step b, will stirring, fermentation after addition bacteria residue, fermentation temperature be 60~70 DEG C in the resulting solid state substrate of step a, fermentation
Time is 14~21 days, obtains tunning；
Step c, the resulting tunning of step b is separated by solid-liquid separation, gained liquid is liquid fertilizer, the solid
It is organic fertilizer after matter drying.
5. the cultural method according to claim 4 for improving salt-soda soil guava quality and yield, which is characterized in that described
The solid content of poultry manure is less than or equal to 30%, and the water content of the solid state substrate is less than or equal to 30%, the straw
The length of stalk is 3~5mm.
6. the cultural method according to claim 3 for improving salt-soda soil guava quality and yield, which is characterized in that apply
The method of compound fertilizer are as follows: the buriing compound fertilizer between sesbania and guava, depth are 5~7cm.
7. the cultural method according to claim 3 for improving salt-soda soil guava quality and yield, which is characterized in that described
Compound fertilizer includes 15~25 parts and 20~30 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate of calcium phosphate according to parts by weight.
8. the cultural method according to claim 1 for improving salt-soda soil guava quality and yield, which is characterized in that also wrap
Include step 4, the step 4 are as follows: after sesbania harvesting, soil conditioner is sowed in soil surface, sows 5~10 kilograms per acre, then
Carry out it is comminuted turn over processing, by soil sesbania root and bulk soil smash.
9. the cultural method according to claim 8 for improving salt-soda soil guava quality and yield, which is characterized in that described
Soil conditioner includes that following raw material is made by weight: 10~15 parts of plant ash, 1~3 part of biological charcoal ash, and 0.5~1 part of thallus
With 10~15 parts of calcium phosphate.
10. the cultural method according to claim 9 for improving salt-soda soil guava quality and yield, which is characterized in that institute
Stating thallus includes careless bacillus, photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, Trichoderma or bacillusmusilaginosiengineering.
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