CN108887129A - A kind of cultural method of sesbania herbage - Google Patents

A kind of cultural method of sesbania herbage Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108887129A
CN108887129A CN201810925696.7A CN201810925696A CN108887129A CN 108887129 A CN108887129 A CN 108887129A CN 201810925696 A CN201810925696 A CN 201810925696A CN 108887129 A CN108887129 A CN 108887129A
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Prior art keywords
sesbania
soil
herbage
cultural method
fertilizer
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
陈钟佃
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Institute of Agricultural Ecology of Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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Institute of Agricultural Ecology of Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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Priority to CN201810925696.7A priority Critical patent/CN108887129A/en
Publication of CN108887129A publication Critical patent/CN108887129A/en
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/40Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01CPLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C21/00Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/005Cultivation methods
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/20Cereals
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/20Cereals
    • A01G22/22Rice
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/50Cotton

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of cultural methods of sesbania herbage.This kind of method is interplanted by crops and carries out symbiosis plantation, and the soil more than spare time of crops is not only efficiently used, and is planted the sesbania with certain economic benefit, is increased the value in soil;The environment that greatly improved soil simultaneously also by the plantation of sesbania, avoids soil hardening and salinization of soil, increases soil fertility, and increases production crop and sesbania in pairs;By the application in sesbania different times a large amount of organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer, it can more preferably promote the growth of sesbania, to realize that flourishing, seed is full plentiful and substantial;It is fermented by a large amount of farmyard manures and utilizing for waste material, realizes waste utilization, saves cost.

Description

A kind of cultural method of sesbania herbage
Technical field
The present invention relates to sesbania field of planting, and in particular to a kind of cultural method of sesbania herbage.
Background technique
Sesbania is leguminous plant, and stalk is upright, well developed root system, is enriched with slightly solubility in deep soil nutrient and activating soil and supports Point ability is strong, dross is more, nitrogen fixing capacity is strong, and the spongy tissue ventilated is formed by Yan Hou stem, close to water surface director many Water root, and can normal dross and fixed nitrogen.Sesbania nitrogen rich in (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K) and microelement, nutrient contain Amount has differences with the difference at breeding time and position.Seedling stage plant is fresh and tender, dry matter is few.After florescence, dry matter is largely accumulated, Grass yield increases, and nutrient total content is higher than seedling stage.The content of nitrogen and phosphorous is higher in blade, and potassium content is high in stem.Leaded wastewater in cured leaf piece It is 4.03%, contains P2O5It is 1.00%, contains K2O is 0.85%.N is 1.16%, P in stalk2O5For 0.16%, K2O is 1.42%.Sesbania Seed is containing crude protein 32.9%, content of ashes 0.71%, fat 0.94%, nitrogenous object are 2.3%, sugar 9.76%, lignin are 16.3%。
Sesbania green forage yield is high, and nutrient content is abundant, and salt tolerance is stronger, is the pioneer crop for improveing saline-alkali soil.Plant field Cyanines are mainly used as fertilizer, can directly plough, apply after its stalk and domestic animals manure stack retting can also be used in addition to improveing saline-alkali soil with it With.It can make base manure, top dressing can also be made.The time is turned over to make sowing and growth of seedling after not influencing, and with green forage yield and its support It is principle when dividing total content highest.
Increase soil water-stable granule total amount after turning over sesbania, the soil weight reduces, and porosity increases, and can inhibit soil The accumulation of salt in the surface soil.Sesbania stalk after sowing, can also peeling do fiber crops substitute.So with sesbania herbage outstanding effect and it is low at Originally, the trade benefit of high yield is slowly found in agriculture field, is badly in need of the more systematic excellent cultural method of one kind and is carried out sesbania The embodiment of herbage application in practice and value.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the present invention in view of the above shortcomings of the prior art, propose a kind of cultural method of sesbania herbage, it should Kind method carries out symbiosis plantation by intercropping in garden, is supplied in sesbania different growing stages using different fertilizer, is not only improved Sesbania itself yield, while soil environment is also improved, promote crop yield.
A kind of cultural method of sesbania herbage proposed by the present invention, includes the following steps:
(1)Plantation rule:Sesbania seed soak seed in 50~60 DEG C of water, after seed soaking by Sesbania seed and fruit tree, The spacing of corn, cotton, rice progress intercropping, sesbania and crop is 60~80cm, and the line-spacing of sesbania is 30~50cm;
(2)Fertilizing management:Sowing for organic fertilizer is carried out in planting area before sowing, 500~600 kilograms per acre, is carried out after turning over Sowing apply around rice shoot pouring liquid fertilizer for 20~30 days after emergence, before the florescence, the buried compound fertilizer between two plants of sesbanias, Depth is 5~7cm, is irrigated immediately after fertilising;
(3)Nursing intervention:Since entering before the florescence, every plant of sesbania is carried out to pinch and beat the processing of the side heart, the processing time is every In it early morning and dusk, after producing seeds, pod xanthochromia rate can harvest picking when being more than or equal to 75%;
(4)Soil treatment:After harvesting, soil conditioner is sowed in soil surface, sows 5~10 kilograms per acre, then turned over Processing is turned over when turning over using comminuted, by soil sesbania root and bulk soil smash.
The present invention not only can utilize orchard remaining space, increase land use by interplanting sesbania in orchard Rate, while by the plantation of sesbania, it can preferably improve orchard soil soil environment, increase the content of soil with organic matter, It increases soil fertility, the fruit tree in orchard is made to increase production, increase matter.
Sesbania kind is determined according to fruit-tree orchard kind, fruit tree line space, there is normal sesbania at present and downgrades sesbania two Kind kind, is pulse family, but the plant strain growth height of normal sesbania is higher, generally at 3 meters or more, will affect fruit tree sometimes Picking, pesticide spraying and field nursing, at this moment will select the dwarfing sesbania by improvement, the line number ratio that the present invention uses Convenient channel preferably can be provided for field nursing with spacing, while also provide better ventilation condition, make fruit Tree and sesbania are increased production mutually.
The present invention applies the fertilizer needed for it by the critical period different in sesbania, such as has before planting to soil Machineization processing, not only improves soil, while also providing enough nutrients for the Seedling Stage of sesbania, so that it is grown up strong and sturdy, branch It is numerous full of leaves;Seedling period is sesbania more crucial growth period, so at this moment applying the liquid manure for being easy to osmotic absorption, is convenient for plant Fast germination, stripping;Sesbania needs a large amount of n-p-k element after into the florescence, at this moment applies immediately compound rich in N P and K Fertilizer, growth and photosynthesis convenient for plant;Due to sesbania well developed root system, water absorbing capacity is strong, so watering after fertilising Irrigation preferably can provide moisture for plant, and while absorbing water, nutrient is also therewith by plant root absorption.
There is wax on Sesbania seed skin depth, surface, and water suction is difficult.So needing to carry out warm water carries out seed soaking, meanwhile, It can carry out sandy soil and rub kind of a processing with the hands, to improve germination percentage and emergence rate.
Daubentonia indefinite inflorescence plant, for inflorescence from bottom to top from inner outside opening, seed maturation time is different, easily causes Ripe pod bursts, and green pod is being formed, and in order to guarantee that florescence Relatively centralized, seed are mature consistent, frequently with topping and beats the side heart Measure, control nutrient effective consumption, improve seed yield.
By regular real tillage, add soil conditioner to improve and optimize soil kind and structure, convenient for orchard and The growth of coming year sesbania can also greatly reduce the saline and alkaline of soil.
Further, the step(2)In organic fertilizer and liquid fertilizer be poultry pig farm obtained by excrement, cavings, sawdust and The mixture of stalk separates.Stalk length is controlled in 3~5mm.
Further, the solid content of excrement obtained by the poultry pig farm is less than or equal to 30%.
Further, the compound fertilizer includes 15~25 parts and 20~30 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate of calcium superphosphate by mass parts.Field Cyanines nitrogen fixing capacity is strong, not tight to nitrogen requirement, reflects to phosphorus but very sensitive.Application phosphate fertilizer not only increases sesbania green forage yield, and Internal nitrogen and phosphorus content can be improved.Seed field applies calcium superphosphate, and mature pod number can be made to increase, and seed yield improves.
Further, the step(2)In organic fertilizer and liquid fertilizer include following preparation step:
(1)Add water after excrement obtained by poultry pig farm, cavings, sawdust and stalk are mixed, obtains solid state substrate;
(2)The solid state substrate is put into fermentation reaction kettle, is stirred after bacteria residue is added, is fermented, fermented after stirring Product;
(3)The tunning is drained to cyclone to be separated by solid-liquid separation, gained liquid is liquid fertilizer, gained Solid matter is organic fertilizer after being dried.
Further, the step(1)In solid state substrate water content be less than or equal to 30%.
Further, the step(2)Described in fermentation temperature be 60~70 DEG C.
Further, the step(1)In seed soaking time be 20~30 hours.
Organic fertilizer and liquid fertilizer in the present invention are to send out after excrement obtained by poultry pig farm, cavings, sawdust and stalk mix Ferment separates, and raw material is organic matter, and has stronger fibroid, and organic fertilizer obtained is allow to make soil in this way It is more loose, possess good gas permeability, while the organic matter in soil can also increase significantly, fermentation can degrade the overwhelming majority Organic macromolecule, obtain the nutrient of more free states;Worm's ovum and the germ in raw material can also be killed by fermentation, kept away After exempting from fertilising, pest and disease damage occurs for orchard.
Further, the step(3)In soil conditioner by mass parts include component:Plant ash 10~15 Part, 1~3 part of biological charcoal ash, 0.5~1 part and 10~15 parts of calcium phosphate of thallus.
Plant ash, charcoal and calcium phosphate provide sufficient calcium source for soil, calcium ion can in soil chloride ion, The salt such as sulfate ion combine, and precipitating is lost, and can improve soil environment in this way to avoid the salinization of soil.Meanwhile also there are also big Other minerals of amount are for plant root absorption, and charcoal also has very strong adsorptivity, have after fertilising certain slow Release effect.
Further, the thallus includes careless bacillus, photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, Trichoderma and bacillusmusilaginosiengineering. It is degraded by different strain, to realize the improvement of soil texture.
A kind of cultural method of sesbania herbage of the invention, this kind of method carry out symbiosis plantation by interplanting, not only effectively Using the soil more than the spare time in orchard, the sesbania with certain economic benefit is planted, the value in soil is increased;Simultaneously also by sesbania Plantation greatly improved the environment of soil, avoid soil hardening and salinization of soil, increase soil fertility, make interplanting crops and field Cyanines increase production in pairs;By the application in sesbania different times a large amount of organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer, it can more preferably promote sesbania Growth, to realize that flourishing, seed is full plentiful and substantial;It is fermented by a large amount of farmyard manures and utilizing for waste material, realization waste utilization, Save cost.
Specific embodiment
For present invention will be further explained below with reference to specific examples.It should be understood that these embodiments are merely to illustrate this hair It is bright rather than limit the scope of the invention.In addition, various changes or modification that those skilled in the art make the present invention, this A little equivalent forms are equally fallen in the application range claimed.Proportion in the embodiment of the present invention is by weight.
Embodiment 1
The preparation of organic fertilizer and liquid fertilizer:
Add water after excrement obtained by poultry pig farm, cavings, sawdust and stalk are mixed, obtains solid state substrate;By the solid state substrate It puts into fermentation reaction kettle, is stirred after bacteria residue is added, ferment after stirring, obtain tunning;The tunning is arranged Cyclone is flow to be separated by solid-liquid separation, gained liquid be liquid fertilizer, gained solid matter dried after be Organic fertilizer.
(1)Plantation rule:Sesbania seed soak seed in 50 DEG C of water, after seed soaking by Sesbania seed and fruit tree, The spacing of corn, cotton, rice progress intercropping, sesbania and crop is 60cm, and the line-spacing of sesbania is 30cm;
(2)Fertilizing management:Sowing for organic fertilizer is carried out in planting area before sowing, 500 kilograms per acre, is sowed after turning over, Apply around rice shoot pouring liquid fertilizer within 20 days after emergence, before the florescence, the buried compound fertilizer between two plants of sesbanias includes peroxophosphoric acid 15 parts and 20 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate of calcium, depth 5cm is irrigated immediately after fertilising;
(3)Nursing intervention:Since entering before the florescence, every plant of sesbania is carried out to pinch and beat the processing of the side heart, the processing time is every In it early morning and dusk, after producing seeds, pod xanthochromia rate can harvest picking when being more than or equal to 75%;
(4)Soil treatment:After harvesting, soil conditioner is sowed in soil surface, modifying agent includes 10 parts of plant ash, biological charcoal ash 1 part, 0.5 part and 10 parts of calcium phosphate of thallus, 5 kilograms are sowed per acre, then carry out turning over processing, are turned over when turning over using comminuted, By in soil sesbania root and bulk soil smash.
Embodiment 2
The preparation of organic fertilizer and liquid fertilizer:
Add water after excrement obtained by poultry pig farm, cavings, sawdust and stalk are mixed, obtains solid state substrate;By the solid state substrate It puts into fermentation reaction kettle, is stirred after bacteria residue is added, ferment after stirring, obtain tunning;The tunning is arranged Cyclone is flow to be separated by solid-liquid separation, gained liquid be liquid fertilizer, gained solid matter dried after be Organic fertilizer.
(1)Plantation rule:Sesbania seed soak seed in 55 DEG C of water, after seed soaking by Sesbania seed and fruit tree, The spacing of corn, cotton, rice progress intercropping, sesbania and crop is 70cm, and the line-spacing of sesbania is 40cm;
(2)Fertilizing management:Sowing for organic fertilizer is carried out in planting area before sowing, 550 kilograms per acre, is sowed after turning over, Apply around rice shoot pouring liquid fertilizer within 25 days after emergence, before the florescence, the buried compound fertilizer between two plants of sesbanias includes peroxophosphoric acid 20 parts and 25 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate of calcium, depth 6cm is irrigated immediately after fertilising;
(3)Nursing intervention:Since entering before the florescence, every plant of sesbania is carried out to pinch and beat the processing of the side heart, the processing time is every In it early morning and dusk, after producing seeds, pod xanthochromia rate can harvest picking when being more than or equal to 75%;
(4)Soil treatment:After harvesting, soil conditioner is sowed in soil surface, modifying agent includes 12 parts of plant ash, biological charcoal ash 2 parts, 0.7 part and 12 parts of calcium phosphate of thallus, 7 kilograms are sowed per acre, then carry out turning over processing, are turned over when turning over using comminuted, By in soil sesbania root and bulk soil smash.
Embodiment 3
The preparation of organic fertilizer and liquid fertilizer:
Add water after excrement obtained by poultry pig farm, cavings, sawdust and stalk are mixed, obtains solid state substrate;By the solid state substrate It puts into fermentation reaction kettle, is stirred after bacteria residue is added, ferment after stirring, obtain tunning;The tunning is arranged Cyclone is flow to be separated by solid-liquid separation, gained liquid be liquid fertilizer, gained solid matter dried after be Organic fertilizer.
(1)Plantation rule:Sesbania seed soak seed in 60 DEG C of water, after seed soaking by Sesbania seed and fruit tree, The spacing of corn, cotton, rice progress intercropping, sesbania and crop is 80cm, and the line-spacing of sesbania is 50cm;
(2)Fertilizing management:Sowing for organic fertilizer is carried out in planting area before sowing, 600 kilograms per acre, is sowed after turning over, Apply around rice shoot pouring liquid fertilizer within 30 days after emergence, before the florescence, the buried compound fertilizer between two plants of sesbanias includes peroxophosphoric acid 25 parts and 30 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate of calcium, depth 7cm is irrigated immediately after fertilising;
(3)Nursing intervention:Since entering before the florescence, every plant of sesbania is carried out to pinch and beat the processing of the side heart, the processing time is every In it early morning and dusk, after producing seeds, pod xanthochromia rate can harvest picking when being more than or equal to 75%;
(4)Soil treatment:After harvesting, soil conditioner is sowed in soil surface, modifying agent includes 15 parts of plant ash, biological charcoal ash 3 parts, 1 part and 15 parts of calcium phosphate of thallus, 10 kilograms are sowed per acre, then carry out turning over processing, turned over when turning over using comminuted, it will Sesbania root and bulk soil in soil are smashed.
Evaluation:
Embodiment 1, embodiment 2 and embodiment 3 through the invention is planted experimentally in experimental plot, and is carried out with using traditional approach The sesbania of plantation compares, and since the cauline leaf of sesbania can be used as organic fertilizer raw material, the higher the better for the content of organic matter, and this You can get it by the detection of Physicochemical test ash content for one feature, and ash content is lower, and the content of organics of counter sample is higher;Sesbania kind Son is the raw material of sesbania gum, and sesbania gum can be used as the emulsifier, thickener and stabilizer of food, to improve the quality of food, The dry granular weight of seed then may indicate that the turgor of seed.Data comparison such as the following table 1.
It can be seen from Table 1 that sesbania cultural method content of ashes of the invention is significantly lower than obtained by traditional cultivation method The ash content of plant illustrates that the sesbania content of organics for the cultivation that the present invention obtains is higher than the sesbania of traditional cultivation;Pass through dry granular weight With the comparison of per mu yield, also sufficiently shows excellent effect of the present invention relative to conventional method, absolutely prove the application at this Technical field tool is had large improvement.
Exemplary illustration is carried out to the embodiment of the present invention above, but the content is only preferable implementation of the invention Example, should not be considered as limiting the scope of the invention.All the changes and improvements etc. of all application ranges according to the present invention, It should all fall within the scope of the patent of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of cultural method of sesbania herbage, it is characterised in that:Include the following steps:
(1)Plantation rule:Sesbania seed soak seed in 50~60 DEG C of water, after seed soaking by Sesbania seed and fruit tree, The spacing of corn, cotton, rice progress intercropping, sesbania and crop is 60~80cm, and the line-spacing of sesbania is 30~50cm;
(2)Fertilizing management:Sowing for organic fertilizer is carried out in planting area before sowing, 500~600 kilograms per acre, is carried out after turning over Sowing apply around rice shoot pouring liquid fertilizer for 20~30 days after emergence, before the florescence, the buried compound fertilizer between two plants of sesbanias, Depth is 5~7cm, is irrigated immediately after fertilising;
(3)Nursing intervention:Since entering before the florescence, every plant of sesbania is carried out to pinch and beat the processing of the side heart, the processing time is every In it early morning and dusk, after producing seeds, pod xanthochromia rate can harvest picking when being more than or equal to 75%;
(4)Soil treatment:After harvesting, soil conditioner is sowed in soil surface, sows 5~10 kilograms per acre, then turned over Processing is turned over when turning over using comminuted, by soil sesbania root and bulk soil smash.
2. a kind of cultural method of sesbania herbage as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that:The step(2)In it is organic Fertilizer is separated with the mixture that liquid fertilizer is poultry pig farm gained excrement, cavings, sawdust and stalk.
3. a kind of cultural method of sesbania herbage as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that:Excrement obtained by the poultry pig farm Solid content be less than or equal to 30%.
4. a kind of cultural method of sesbania herbage as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that:Mass parts packet is pressed by the compound fertilizer Containing 15~25 parts and 20~30 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate of calcium superphosphate.
5. a kind of cultural method of sesbania herbage as described in any one of claims 1 to 3, it is characterised in that:The step Suddenly(2)In organic fertilizer and liquid fertilizer include following preparation step:
(1)Add water after excrement obtained by poultry pig farm, cavings, sawdust and stalk are mixed, obtains solid state substrate;
(2)The solid state substrate is put into fermentation reaction kettle, is stirred after bacteria residue is added, is fermented, fermented after stirring Product;
(3)The tunning is drained to cyclone to be separated by solid-liquid separation, gained liquid is liquid fertilizer, gained Solid matter is organic fertilizer after being dried.
6. a kind of cultural method of sesbania herbage as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that:The step(1)In solid-state Water content of substrate is less than or equal to 30%.
7. a kind of cultural method of sesbania herbage as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that:The step(2)Described in send out Ferment temperature is 60~70 DEG C.
8. a kind of cultural method of sesbania herbage as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that:The step(1)In seed soaking Time is 20~30 hours.
9. a kind of cultural method of sesbania herbage as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that:The step(4)In soil Modifying agent includes following component by mass parts:10~15 parts of plant ash, 1~3 part of biological charcoal ash, 0.5~1 part of thallus and calcium phosphate 10~15 parts.
10. a kind of cultural method of sesbania herbage as claimed in claim 9, it is characterised in that:The thallus includes careless gemma Bacillus, photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, Trichoderma and bacillusmusilaginosiengineering.
CN201810925696.7A 2018-08-15 2018-08-15 A kind of cultural method of sesbania herbage Pending CN108887129A (en)

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CN109511314A (en) * 2019-01-18 2019-03-26 重庆市畜牧科学院 The processing method of wild Chinese pennisetum seed
CN114145199A (en) * 2021-11-29 2022-03-08 中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所 Efficient sesbania-wheat crop rotation method for coastal saline-alkali soil

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109511314A (en) * 2019-01-18 2019-03-26 重庆市畜牧科学院 The processing method of wild Chinese pennisetum seed
CN114145199A (en) * 2021-11-29 2022-03-08 中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所 Efficient sesbania-wheat crop rotation method for coastal saline-alkali soil

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