CN112166982A - Planting method of Yunjing 37-variety rice - Google Patents
Planting method of Yunjing 37-variety rice Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
Abstract
The invention discloses a planting method of Yunjing 37-variety rice, which comprises the steps of seedling raising, land preparation and transplanting, field management, rice harvesting and drying. The method adopts a standardized planting mode, ensures the normal growth and development of the rice in each period by controlling the water content, the fertilizer and other cultivation key points of the rice in each period, has the advantages of good and stable quality and high yield, and is particularly suitable for planting the Yunjing 37 variety rice.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of crop cultivation, and particularly relates to a planting method of Yunjing 37-variety rice.
Background
Yunjing 37 is a newly bred japonica-type conventional rice variety in Yunnan province in recent years, belongs to high-quality fragrant and soft rice, and is obtained by performing selfing 8-generation breeding by using a systematic breeding method after hybridizing with Yunjing No. 26 as a female parent and silvery light as a male parent. In recent years, the planting area of Yunnan rice is continuously enlarged, and sustainable growth is realized, but at present, the planting mode of Yunjuan 37 rice in many areas is judged mostly by the experience of farmers, so that the problems of unscientific method, poor rice quality and low yield exist, and how to improve the yield and the quality of the rice is an agricultural subject which is continuously discussed, and particularly, the research is carried out in all parts of the standardized planting technology. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a planting method of Yunju 37 variety rice that can solve the above problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a planting method of Yunjing 37-variety rice
The object of the invention is achieved by the following steps:
s1, seedling culture:
s101, preparation before seedling culture: selecting dry land or paddy field plots with flat terrain, leeward and sunny, deep and fertile soil layers, selecting plots with high terrain, convenient irrigation and drainage and flat ground among the plots, then carrying out land preparation and ridging to form a seedbed, forming a waterproof dam around the seedbed, arranging the flat surface, wherein the length of the seedbed is 4 m, the width of the seedbed is 1.25 m, and the clean seedbed area of each acre of plot is 5m2(ii) a Paving a soft disc on a seedbed, then loading the nutrient soil into the soft disc, wherein the thickness of the bed soil is 2-3 cm, and then watering to soak the nutrient soil on the surface layer;
s102, seed treatment: selecting qualified seeds, spreading the seeds to be thin, naturally sunning the seeds for 2-3 days in sunlight, pouring the seeds into water, removing floating impurities, soaking the seeds in 4000-6000 times of 25% prochloraz emulsifiable solution for 24 hours for disinfection treatment, soaking 3 kg of the seeds in 25% prochloraz emulsifiable solution per 3mL, cleaning the seeds, stacking the seeds for germination acceleration until the seeds are exposed to the white, and controlling the chest breaking temperature to be 38-40 ℃;
s103, sowing: in the middle and last ten days of 12 months, sowing according to the quantity of 25-26 dishes/mu and 90 g/dish, covering soil on the surface after sowing, wherein the thickness of the covered soil is 0.3-0.5 cm, so that rice sprouts are covered, the water sprinkling amount is controlled until the water content of bottom soil is saturated, the dry soil on the dish surface naturally absorbs moisture and has no white surface within 10 min after the soil covering, then building an arch shed with the width of 1.25 m and the height of 0.8 m on the periphery of a seedbed by using bamboo chips, and reserving ventilation openings on two sides;
s104, seedling bed management: under the condition of thoroughly watering the bottom water, watering is not carried out before 2 leaves, the leaves are not exposed in the future if the leaves are not exposed in the morning and evening, the leaves are newly unfolded in the noon and curled, the surface of bed soil is whitish, and the seedbed is thoroughly watered once by using sun-dried water; covering a small arched shed film before sowing and seedling emergence, and controlling the temperature in the film within 35 ℃; controlling the first leaf period to be 24-26 ℃, controlling the second leaf period to be 19-21 ℃, removing the film in the daytime after the second leaf period, hardening the seedlings, and covering the film at night; film uncovering and seedling hardening, namely uncovering two ends of the film, uncovering one side of the film and uncovering the film completely; in continuous rainy days, uncovering the film and ventilating for 25-35 min every day after seedling emergence; uncovering the film after seedling emergence and greening of the rice, wherein the film uncovering time is morning or evening, and the shed is closed when the film uncovering ventilation reaches the lowest temperature limit; transplanting rice seedlings after the seedlings grow to three leaves and one heart or four leaves and one heart; keeping dry breeding of the roots of the seedlings 2-3 days before transplanting;
s2, soil preparation and rice transplanting:
s201, soil preparation and field soaking: cleaning and maintaining irrigation and drainage channels before soil preparation to ensure smoothness, and then constructing a square strip field to implement single-row and single-irrigation; ploughing to a soil layer with the depth of 15-18 cm, wherein the water content of the soil is 25-30%, and applying base fertilizer to the farmland at the same time, wherein the using amount of the base fertilizer is 20 kg/mu; 1, water is added in the middle ten days of the month for soaking the field;
s202, transplanting rice seedlings: transplanting seedlings for 1 month 15 days to 2 months 1 days, wherein if the average daily temperature is at least 13 ℃, the row spacing is 30 x 15cm, and each hole is 3-4 seedlings; if the transplanting is manual transplanting, the row-hole distance is 25 multiplied by 12cm, 2-3 seedlings are planted in each hole, the transplanting is straight, uniform in hole and free of root nesting, and the transplanting depth is not more than 2 cm; irrigating water after transplanting until the seedlings turn green and keeping a water layer of 1-2 cm;
s3, field management:
s301, a green turning period: immediately performing additional tillering fertilizer after the seedlings turn green, wherein the using amount is 5 kg/mu;
s302, tillering stage: irrigating and maintaining a 3cm water layer; in the middle and late ten months, dressing the rice seedling in the land with fertilizer; drying the field for 7 days at the end of grading, drying the field until the surface has cracks, enabling the ground to have white roots and leaves to be light in color, drying the field for 5-7 days, and recovering a 3cm water layer after drying the field;
s303, a booting ear jointing stage: when 2 leaves are poured and spread, topdressing fertilizer is 5 kg/mu, monopotassium phosphate is sprayed, and the topdressing fertilizer is completely applied before the rice is full of ears; irrigating 4-6 cm of water from the ear-bearing to the ear-heading, and carrying out intermittent irrigation; if the weather is low, water of 10-15 cm is poured for protecting the tire;
s304, heading and flowering period: irrigating 5-7 cm of water, and after the rice is waxed, intermittently irrigating;
s305, yellow ripening stage: draining water at the early stage of yellow maturity, draining water in the depression early and draining water in the water-leaking land late;
s4, harvesting and drying the paddy:
s401, harvesting: harvesting 45-50 days after ear emergence of rice and when the yellowing complete maturity is at least 95%, wherein leaves of rice plants basically turn yellow, the rice ears lose green, the middle parts of the ears turn yellow, rice grains are full, seeds are hard and yellow, the harvesting time is 12 pm in a sunny day, the water content of harvested wet rice is not more than 26%, and the stacking time of the wet rice is not more than 8 h; the purity requirement is not lower than 98 percent, namely the impurity content is not more than 2 percent, and foreign matters such as long stems, hemp bag ropes, polyethylene films and the like cannot be obtained;
s402, drying: drying the wet rice for at least 14 h at the heating temperature of less than or equal to 40 ℃ until the water content of the rice is 14%, and airing the rice for 2-3 h after discharging.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:
1. the method adopts a standardized planting mode, ensures the normal growth and development of the rice in each period by controlling the water, fertilizer and other cultivation key points of the rice in each period, has the advantages of good and stable quality and high yield, and is particularly suitable for planting the Yunjing 37 variety rice;
2. the seedling hardening process can lead the seedlings to adapt to a new environment quickly, avoid excessive transpiration of the seedlings, ensure normal absorption of root systems, avoid physiological water loss of the seedlings and avoid the phenomenon of early panicle occurrence;
3. in the seedling field management step, strong seedlings, more roots, more white roots, long root systems and good packing are promoted through a seedling water management mode of dry raising, the seedlings are fully yellow, a large amount of dry substances are accumulated, the sugar content of the seedlings is increased, and the resistance of the seedlings to low-temperature cold damage and the drought resistance are further improved;
4. the time for seedling raising and transplanting is arranged in advance, so that key nodes for rice growth effectively avoid high disease and insect pest occurrence time in rainy seasons, the healthy growth of rice is facilitated, and the yield and quality are guaranteed;
5. the water layer of 3cm is kept in the tillering stage, so that the effects of warming and tillering are achieved;
6. the fertilizer and the water control in the booting and jointing stage meet the requirement of rapid increase of the growth amount of rice plants in the stage, are beneficial to the transfer of the rice growth to the ear, enable the rice ear to be long and are beneficial to the improvement of the yield;
7. the water management in the heading and flowering period can ensure that the rice can normally carry out photosynthesis, and the rice setting rate is improved;
8. the steps of harvesting and drying the rice keep the optimal quality of the rice by accurately controlling various indexes.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are not intended to be limiting in any way, and any modifications or alterations based on the teachings of the present invention are intended to fall within the scope of the present invention.
The invention comprises the following steps:
s1, seedling culture:
s101, preparation before seedling culture: selecting dry land or paddy field plots with flat terrain, leeward and sunny, deep and fertile soil layers, selecting plots with high terrain, convenient irrigation and drainage and flat ground among the plots, then carrying out land preparation and ridging to form a seedbed, forming a waterproof dam around the seedbed, arranging the flat surface, wherein the length of the seedbed is 4 m, the width of the seedbed is 1.25 m, and the clean seedbed area of each acre of plot is 5m2(ii) a Paving a soft disc on a seedbed, then loading the nutrient soil into the soft disc, wherein the thickness of the bed soil is 2-3 cm, and then watering to soak the nutrient soil on the surface layer;
s102, seed treatment: selecting qualified seeds, spreading the seeds to be thin, naturally sunning the seeds for 2-3 days in sunlight, pouring the seeds into water, removing floating impurities, soaking the seeds in 4000-6000 times of 25% prochloraz emulsifiable solution for 24 hours for disinfection treatment, soaking 3 kg of the seeds in 25% prochloraz emulsifiable solution per 3mL, cleaning the seeds, stacking the seeds for germination acceleration until the seeds are exposed to the white, and controlling the chest breaking temperature to be 38-40 ℃;
s103, sowing: in the middle and last ten days of 12 months, sowing according to the quantity of 25-26 dishes/mu and 90 g/dish, covering soil on the surface after sowing, wherein the thickness of the covered soil is 0.3-0.5 cm, so that rice sprouts are covered, the water sprinkling amount is controlled until the water content of bottom soil is saturated, the dry soil on the dish surface naturally absorbs moisture and has no white surface within 10 min after the soil covering, then building an arch shed with the width of 1.25 m and the height of 0.8 m on the periphery of a seedbed by using bamboo chips, and reserving ventilation openings on two sides;
s104, seedling bed management: under the condition of thoroughly watering the bottom water, watering is not carried out before 2 leaves, the leaves are not exposed in the future if the leaves are not exposed in the morning and evening, the leaves are newly unfolded in the noon and curled, the surface of bed soil is whitish, and the seedbed is thoroughly watered once by using sun-dried water; covering a small arched shed film before sowing and seedling emergence, and controlling the temperature in the film within 35 ℃; controlling the first leaf period to be 24-26 ℃, controlling the second leaf period to be 19-21 ℃, removing the film in the daytime after the second leaf period, hardening the seedlings, and covering the film at night; film uncovering and seedling hardening, namely uncovering two ends of the film, uncovering one side of the film and uncovering the film completely; in continuous rainy days, uncovering the film and ventilating for 25-35 min every day after seedling emergence; uncovering the film after seedling emergence and greening of the rice, wherein the film uncovering time is morning or evening, and the shed is closed when the film uncovering ventilation reaches the lowest temperature limit; transplanting rice seedlings after the seedlings grow to three leaves and one heart or four leaves and one heart; keeping dry breeding of the roots of the seedlings 2-3 days before transplanting;
s2, soil preparation and rice transplanting:
s201, soil preparation and field soaking: cleaning and maintaining irrigation and drainage channels before soil preparation to ensure smoothness, and then constructing a square strip field to implement single-row and single-irrigation; ploughing to a soil layer with the depth of 15-18 cm, wherein the water content of the soil is 25-30%, and applying base fertilizer to the farmland at the same time, wherein the using amount of the base fertilizer is 20 kg/mu; 1, water is added in the middle ten days of the month for soaking the field;
s202, transplanting rice seedlings: transplanting seedlings for 1 month 15 days to 2 months 1 days, wherein if the average daily temperature is at least 13 ℃, the row spacing is 30 x 15cm, and each hole is 3-4 seedlings; if the transplanting is manual transplanting, the row-hole distance is 25 multiplied by 12cm, 2-3 seedlings are planted in each hole, the transplanting is straight, uniform in hole and free of root nesting, and the transplanting depth is not more than 2 cm; irrigating water after transplanting until the seedlings turn green and keeping a water layer of 1-2 cm;
s3, field management:
s301, a green turning period: immediately performing additional tillering fertilizer after the seedlings turn green, wherein the using amount is 5 kg/mu;
s302, tillering stage: irrigating and maintaining a 3cm water layer; in the middle and late ten months, dressing the rice seedling in the land with fertilizer; drying the field for 7 days at the end of grading, drying the field until the surface has cracks, enabling the ground to have white roots and leaves to be light in color, drying the field for 5-7 days, and recovering a 3cm water layer after drying the field;
s303, a booting ear jointing stage: when 2 leaves are poured and spread, topdressing fertilizer is 5 kg/mu, monopotassium phosphate is sprayed, and the topdressing fertilizer is completely applied before the rice is full of ears; irrigating 4-6 cm of water from the ear-bearing to the ear-heading, and carrying out intermittent irrigation; if the weather is low, water of 10-15 cm is poured for protecting the tire;
s304, heading and flowering period: irrigating 5-7 cm of water, and after the rice is waxed, intermittently irrigating;
s305, yellow ripening stage: draining water at the early stage of yellow maturity, draining water in the depression early and draining water in the water-leaking land late;
s4, harvesting and drying the paddy:
s401, harvesting: harvesting 45-50 days after ear emergence of the rice and when the yellowing finish maturity is at least 95%, wherein the harvesting time is 12 o' clock in sunny days, the water content of the harvested wet rice is not more than 26%, and the stacking time of the wet rice is not more than 8 h;
s402, drying: drying the wet rice for at least 14 h at the heating temperature of less than or equal to 40 ℃ until the water content of the rice is 14%, and airing the rice for 2-3 h after discharging.
Preferably, the specification of the seedling tray of the S101 step is 0.3X 0.6 m.
Preferably, the nutrient soil in the step S101 is prepared by smashing decomposed farmyard manure, sieving, and mixing with garden soil or other foreign soil according to the mass ratio of 1: 3, preparing, adding 1.25 kg of seedling strengthening agent per bed, and mixing uniformly.
Preferably, the step S1 further comprises pest control, wherein the pest control comprises prevention and control before transplanting and control of damping off;
before transplantation, the seedlings need to be sprayed with a liquid medicine once before transplantation, wherein the liquid medicine is a mixed solution of 33% isoprothiolane, 1000 times liquid of hexanitrol and 25% several thiamethoxam 1000 times liquid, or a mixed solution of 25% benzinum squillifolia 1500 times liquid and 25% several thiamethoxam 1000 times liquid;
the damping off prevention and control is that when the temperature of a seedbed is lower than or higher than 35 ℃, 600-800 times of hymexazol liquid is used for carrying out soil disinfection treatment during the management of the seedbed, or 1500 times of metalaxyl or metalaxyl-M liquid is used for carrying out spraying treatment.
Preferably, the seedlings in the S104 step enter the three-leaf stage and the film is kept completely uncovered.
Preferably, the step S201 is to turn the soil layer in the first year, to perform rotary tillage and subsoiling in the last two years simultaneously, and to perform the rotary tillage and the subsoiling alternately in the same order.
Preferably, the base fertilizer in the step S201 is a fertilizer of dai king rice No. 1, the tillering fertilizer in the step S301 is a fertilizer of dai king rice No. 2, and the fertilizer in the step S303 is a fertilizer of dai king rice No. 3.
The present invention will be further described with reference to examples 1 to 6.
Example 1
The planting method of the Yunjing 37 variety rice comprises the following steps:
s1, seedling culture:
s101, preparation before seedling culture: selecting dry land or paddy field plots with flat terrain, leeward and sunny, deep and fertile soil layers, selecting plots with high terrain, convenient irrigation and drainage and flat ground among the plots, then carrying out land preparation and ridging to form a seedbed, forming a waterproof dam around the seedbed, arranging the flat surface, wherein the length of the seedbed is 4 m, the width of the seedbed is 1.25 m, and the clean seedbed area of each acre of plot is 5m2(ii) a Paving a soft disc on the seedbed, then filling the nutrient soil into the soft disc, wherein the thickness of the bed soil is 2cm, and then watering to soak the surface layer nutrient soil;
s102, seed treatment: selecting qualified seeds, spreading the seeds to be thin, naturally sunning the seeds for 2 days in sunlight, pouring the seeds into water, removing floating impurities, soaking the seeds in 4000 times of 25% prochloraz emulsifiable solution for 24 hours for disinfection treatment, soaking 3 kg of the seeds in 25% prochloraz emulsifiable solution per 3mL, cleaning the seeds, stacking the seeds for germination until the seeds are exposed to the white, and controlling the chest breaking temperature to be 38 ℃;
s103, sowing: in the middle and last ten days of 12 months, sowing according to the quantity of 25 trays/mu and 90 g/tray, covering soil on the surface after sowing, wherein the thickness of the covered soil is 0.3 cm, so that rice sprouts are covered, the watering amount is controlled to be the bottom soil moisture until the soil is saturated, the dry soil on the tray surface naturally absorbs moisture and has no white surface within 10 min after the soil is covered, then building an arch shed with the width of 1.25 m and the height of 0.8 m by using bamboo chips on the periphery of a seedbed, and reserving ventilation openings on two sides;
s104, seedling bed management: under the condition of thoroughly watering the bottom water, watering is not carried out before 2 leaves, the leaves are not exposed in the future if the leaves are not exposed in the morning and evening, the leaves are newly unfolded in the noon and curled, the surface of bed soil is whitish, and the seedbed is thoroughly watered once by using sun-dried water; covering a small arched shed film before sowing and seedling emergence, and controlling the temperature in the film within 35 ℃; controlling the first leaf period at 24 deg.C and the second leaf period at 19 deg.C, removing film in sunny day after two leaves, hardening off seedling, and covering film at night; film uncovering and seedling hardening, namely uncovering two ends of the film, uncovering one side of the film and uncovering the film completely; in case of continuous rainy days, uncovering the film and ventilating for 25min every day after seedling emergence; uncovering the film after seedling emergence and greening of the rice, wherein the film uncovering time is morning or evening, and the shed is closed when the film uncovering ventilation reaches the lowest temperature limit; transplanting seedlings after the seedlings grow to three leaves and one heart; keeping dry breeding at the roots of the seedlings 2 days before transplanting;
s2, soil preparation and rice transplanting:
s201, soil preparation and field soaking: cleaning and maintaining irrigation and drainage channels before soil preparation to ensure smoothness, and then constructing a square strip field to implement single-row and single-irrigation; ploughing to a soil layer with the depth of 15cm, wherein the water content of the soil is 25-30%, and simultaneously applying base fertilizer into the farmland, wherein the using amount is 20 kg/mu; 1, water is added in the middle ten days of the month for soaking the field;
s202, transplanting rice seedlings: the transplanting time is between 1 month and 15 days and 2 months and 1 day, and if the average daily temperature is at least 13 ℃, the row spacing is 30 multiplied by 15cm, and each hole has 3 seedlings; if the transplanting is manual transplanting, the row-hole distance is 25 multiplied by 12cm, 2 seedlings are planted in each hole, the transplanting is straight, uniform in hole and free of root nesting, and the transplanting depth is not more than 2 cm; irrigating water to keep a water layer of 1 cm after the rice seedlings are transplanted and before the rice seedlings turn green;
s3, field management:
s301, a green turning period: immediately performing additional tillering fertilizer after the seedlings turn green, wherein the using amount is 5 kg/mu;
s302, tillering stage: irrigating and maintaining a 3cm water layer; in the middle and late ten months, dressing the rice seedling in the land with fertilizer; drying the field for 7 days at the end of medicine distribution, drying the field until the surface has cracks, the ground has white roots, the leaves are light in color, drying the field for 5 days, and recovering a 3cm water layer after drying the field;
s303, a booting ear jointing stage: when 2 leaves are poured and spread, topdressing fertilizer is 5 kg/mu, monopotassium phosphate is sprayed, and the topdressing fertilizer is completely applied before the rice is full of ears; 4 cm of water is filled before the ear is sprouted after the ear is sprouted, and intermittent irrigation is carried out; if the weather is low, water of 10 cm is poured for protecting the tire;
s304, heading and flowering period: irrigating 5cm of water, and after the rice is waxed, intermittently irrigating;
s305, yellow ripening stage: draining water at the early stage of yellow maturity, draining water in the depression early and draining water in the water-leaking land late;
s4, harvesting and drying the paddy:
s401, harvesting: harvesting 45 days after ear sprouting of the rice and when the yellowing complete maturity is at least 95%, wherein the harvesting time is 12 pm in sunny days, the water content of the harvested wet rice is not more than 26%, and the stacking time of the wet rice is not more than 8 h;
s402, drying: drying the wet rice for 14 h at the heating temperature of 30 ℃ until the water content of the rice is 14%, and airing the rice for 2 h after discharging.
Example 2
The planting method of the Yunjing 37 variety rice comprises the following steps:
s1, seedling culture:
s101, preparation before seedling culture: selecting dry land or paddy field plots with flat terrain, leeward and sunny, deep and fertile soil layers, selecting plots with high terrain, convenient irrigation and drainage and flat ground among the plots, then carrying out land preparation and ridging to form a seedbed, forming a waterproof dam around the seedbed, arranging the flat surface, wherein the length of the seedbed is 4 m, the width of the seedbed is 1.25 m, and the clean seedbed area of each acre of plot is 5m2(ii) a Paving a soft disc on the seedbed, then filling the nutrient soil into the soft disc, wherein the thickness of the bed soil is 3cm, and then watering to soak the surface layer nutrient soil;
s102, seed treatment: selecting qualified seeds, spreading the seeds to be thin, naturally sunning the seeds for 3 days in sunlight, pouring the seeds into water, removing floating impurities, soaking the seeds in 6000 times of 25% prochloraz missible oil for 24 hours for disinfection, soaking 3 kg of the seeds in 25% prochloraz missible oil of each 3mL, cleaning the seeds, stacking the seeds for germination until the seeds are exposed to the white, and controlling the chest breaking temperature to be 40 ℃;
s103, sowing: in the middle and last ten days of 12 months, sowing according to the quantity of 26 trays/mu and 90 g/tray, covering soil on the surface after sowing, wherein the thickness of the covered soil is 0.5 cm, so that rice sprouts are covered, the water sprinkling amount is controlled to be the bottom soil moisture until the soil is saturated, the dry soil on the tray surface naturally absorbs moisture and has no white surface within 10 min after the soil covering, then building an arch shed with the width of 1.25 m and the height of 0.8 m by using bamboo chips on the periphery of a seedbed, and reserving ventilation openings on two sides;
s104, seedling bed management: under the condition of thoroughly watering the bottom water, watering is not carried out before 2 leaves, the leaves are not exposed in the future if the leaves are not exposed in the morning and evening, the leaves are newly unfolded in the noon and curled, the surface of bed soil is whitish, and the seedbed is thoroughly watered once by using sun-dried water; covering a small arched shed film before sowing and seedling emergence, and controlling the temperature in the film within 35 ℃; controlling the first leaf period at 26 ℃ and the second leaf period at 21 ℃, uncovering the film in the daytime after the two leaves are in sunny days, hardening seedlings, and covering the film at night; film uncovering and seedling hardening, namely uncovering two ends of the film, uncovering one side of the film and uncovering the film completely; in case of continuous rainy days, uncovering the film and ventilating for 35 min every day after seedling emergence; uncovering the film after seedling emergence and greening of the rice, wherein the film uncovering time is morning or evening, and the shed is closed when the film uncovering ventilation reaches the lowest temperature limit; transplanting seedlings after the seedlings grow to four leaves and one heart; keeping dry breeding at the roots of the seedlings 3 days before transplanting;
s2, soil preparation and rice transplanting:
s201, soil preparation and field soaking: cleaning and maintaining irrigation and drainage channels before soil preparation to ensure smoothness, and then constructing a square strip field to implement single-row and single-irrigation; ploughing to a soil layer with the depth of 18 cm, wherein the water content of the soil is 25-30%, and simultaneously applying base fertilizer into the ploughed land, wherein the using amount of the base fertilizer is 20 kg/mu; 1, water is added in the middle ten days of the month for soaking the field;
s202, transplanting rice seedlings: the transplanting time is between 1 month and 15 days and 2 months and 1 day, and if the average daily temperature is at least 13 ℃, the row spacing is 30 multiplied by 15cm, and each hole is 4 seedlings; if the transplanting is manual transplanting, the row-hole distance is 25 multiplied by 12cm, 3 seedlings are planted in each hole, the transplanting is straight, uniform in hole and free of root nesting, and the transplanting depth is not more than 2 cm; irrigating water after transplanting until the seedlings turn green and keeping a water layer of 2 cm;
s3, field management:
s301, a green turning period: immediately performing additional tillering fertilizer after the seedlings turn green, wherein the using amount is 5 kg/mu;
s302, tillering stage: irrigating and maintaining a 3cm water layer; in the middle and late ten months, dressing the rice seedling in the land with fertilizer; drying the field for 7 days at the end of medicine grading until cracks are formed on the surface, white roots appear on the ground, the leaves are light in color, drying the field for 7 days, and recovering a 3cm water layer after drying the field;
s303, a booting ear jointing stage: when 2 leaves are poured and spread, topdressing fertilizer is 5 kg/mu, monopotassium phosphate is sprayed, and the topdressing fertilizer is completely applied before the rice is full of ears; irrigating 6 cm of water before heading and performing intermittent irrigation; if the weather is low, 15cm of water is filled for protecting the tire;
s304, heading and flowering period: irrigating 7 cm of water, and after the rice is waxed, intermittently irrigating;
s305, yellow ripening stage: draining water at the early stage of yellow maturity, draining water in the depression early and draining water in the water-leaking land late;
s4, harvesting and drying the paddy:
s401, harvesting: harvesting 50 days after ear sprouting of rice and when the yellowing complete maturity is at least 95%, wherein the harvesting time is 12 pm in sunny days, the water content of the harvested wet rice is not more than 26%, and the stacking time of the wet rice is not more than 8 h;
s402, drying: drying the wet paddy for 20h at the heating temperature of 40 ℃ until the water content of the paddy is 14%, and airing the paddy for 3h after discharging.
Example 3
The planting method of the Yunjing 37 variety rice comprises the following steps:
s1, seedling culture:
s101, preparation before seedling culture: selecting dry land or paddy field plots with flat terrain, leeward and sunny, deep and fertile soil layers, selecting plots with high terrain, convenient irrigation and drainage and flat ground among the plots, then carrying out land preparation and ridging to form a seedbed, forming a waterproof dam around the seedbed, arranging the flat surface, wherein the length of the seedbed is 4 m, the width of the seedbed is 1.25 m, and the clean seedbed area of each acre of plot is 5m2(ii) a Paving a soft disc on the seedbed, then filling the nutrient soil into the soft disc, wherein the bed soil is 2.5 cm thick, and then watering to soak the nutrient soil on the surface layer; the nutrient soil is prepared by mashing decomposed farmyard manure, sieving, and mixing with garden soil or other foreign soil according to the mass ratio of 1: 3, preparing, adding 1.25 kg of seedling strengthening agent per bed, and mixing uniformly;
s102, seed treatment: selecting qualified seeds, spreading the seeds to be thin, naturally sunning the seeds in the sun for 2.5 days, pouring the seeds into water, removing floating impurities, soaking the seeds in 5000 times of 25% of prochloraz emulsifiable solution for 24 hours for disinfection treatment, soaking 3 kg of the seeds in 25% of prochloraz emulsifiable solution per 3mL, cleaning the seeds, stacking the seeds for germination acceleration until the seeds are exposed to the white, and controlling the chest breaking temperature to be 39 ℃;
s103, sowing: in the middle and last ten days of 12 months, sowing according to the quantity of 25 trays/mu and 90 g/tray, covering soil on the surface after sowing, wherein the thickness of the covered soil is 0.4 cm, so that rice sprouts are covered, the watering amount is controlled to be the bottom soil moisture until the soil is saturated, the dry soil on the tray surface naturally absorbs moisture and has no white surface within 10 min after the soil is covered, then building an arch shed with the width of 1.25 m and the height of 0.8 m by using bamboo chips on the periphery of a seedbed, and reserving ventilation openings on two sides;
s104, seedling bed management: under the condition of thoroughly watering the bottom water, watering is not carried out before 2 leaves, the leaves are not exposed in the future if the leaves are not exposed in the morning and evening, the leaves are newly unfolded in the noon and curled, the surface of bed soil is whitish, and the seedbed is thoroughly watered once by using sun-dried water; covering a small arched shed film before sowing and seedling emergence, and controlling the temperature in the film within 35 ℃; controlling the first leaf period at 25 deg.C and the second leaf period at 20 deg.C, removing film in sunny day after two leaves, hardening off seedling, and covering film at night; film uncovering and seedling hardening, namely uncovering two ends of the film, uncovering one side of the film and uncovering the film completely; in case of continuous rainy days, uncovering the film and ventilating for 30 min every day after seedling emergence; uncovering the film after seedling emergence and greening of the rice, wherein the film uncovering time is morning or evening, and the shed is closed when the film uncovering ventilation reaches the lowest temperature limit; transplanting seedlings after the seedlings grow to three leaves and one heart; the seedling roots are kept dry for 2.5 days before transplanting;
s2, soil preparation and rice transplanting:
s201, soil preparation and field soaking: cleaning and maintaining irrigation and drainage channels before soil preparation to ensure smoothness, and then constructing a square strip field to implement single-row and single-irrigation; ploughing to a soil layer with the depth of 16.5 cm, wherein the water content of the soil is 25-30%, and applying base fertilizer to the farmland at the same time, wherein the using amount of the base fertilizer is 20 kg/mu; 1, water is added in the middle ten days of the month for soaking the field;
s202, transplanting rice seedlings: the transplanting time is between 1 month and 15 days and 2 months and 1 day, and if the average daily temperature is at least 13 ℃, the row spacing is 30 multiplied by 15cm, and each hole has 3 seedlings; if the transplanting is manual transplanting, the row-hole distance is 25 multiplied by 12cm, 3 seedlings are planted in each hole, the transplanting is straight, uniform in hole and free of root nesting, and the transplanting depth is not more than 2 cm; irrigating water to keep a water layer of 1.5 cm after the rice seedlings are transplanted and before the rice seedlings turn green;
s3, field management:
s301, a green turning period: immediately performing additional tillering fertilizer after the seedlings turn green, wherein the using amount is 5 kg/mu;
s302, tillering stage: irrigating and maintaining a 3cm water layer; in the middle and late ten months, dressing the rice seedling in the land with fertilizer; 7 days for medical evaluation, sunning the field until the surface has cracks, the ground has white roots, the leaves are light, and drying for 6 days, and then recovering a 3cm water layer;
s303, a booting ear jointing stage: when 2 leaves are poured and spread, topdressing fertilizer is 5 kg/mu, monopotassium phosphate is sprayed, and the topdressing fertilizer is completely applied before the rice is full of ears; irrigating 5cm of water before heading and performing intermittent irrigation; if the weather is low, water of 12.5 cm is poured for protecting the tire;
s304, heading and flowering period: irrigating 6 cm of water, and after the rice is waxed, intermittently irrigating;
s305, yellow ripening stage: draining water at the early stage of yellow maturity, draining water in the depression early and draining water in the water-leaking land late;
s4, harvesting and drying the paddy:
s401, harvesting: harvesting the rice 47 days after ear sprouting and when the yellowing complete maturity is at least 95%, wherein the harvesting time is 12 pm in sunny days, the water content of the harvested wet rice is not more than 26%, and the stacking time of the wet rice is not more than 8 h;
s402, drying: drying the wet paddy for 17 hours at the heating temperature of 35 ℃ until the water content of the paddy is 14 percent, and airing the paddy for 2.5 hours after discharging.
Example 4
The planting method of the Yunjing 37 variety rice comprises the following steps:
s1, seedling culture:
s101, preparation before seedling culture: selecting dry land or paddy field plots with flat terrain, leeward and sunny, deep and fertile soil layers, selecting plots with high terrain, convenient irrigation and drainage and flat ground among the plots, then carrying out land preparation and ridging to form a seedbed, forming a waterproof dam around the seedbed, arranging the flat surface, wherein the length of the seedbed is 4 m, the width of the seedbed is 1.25 m, and the clean seedbed area of each acre of plot is 5m2(ii) a Spreading a floppy disk on the seedlingOn the bed, filling the nutrient soil into a soft disk, wherein the thickness of the bed soil is 2cm, and then watering to soak the nutrient soil on the surface layer; the specification of the seedling tray is 0.3 multiplied by 0.6 m; the nutrient soil is prepared by mashing decomposed farmyard manure, sieving, and mixing with garden soil or other foreign soil according to the mass ratio of 1: 3, preparing, adding 1.25 kg of seedling strengthening agent per bed, and mixing uniformly;
s102, seed treatment: selecting qualified seeds, spreading the seeds to be thin, naturally sunning the seeds for 2 days in sunlight, pouring the seeds into water, removing floating impurities, soaking the seeds in 4000 times of 25% prochloraz emulsifiable solution for 24 hours for disinfection treatment, soaking 3 kg of the seeds in 25% prochloraz emulsifiable solution per 3mL, cleaning the seeds, stacking the seeds for germination until the seeds are exposed to the white, and controlling the chest breaking temperature to be 38 ℃;
s103, sowing: in the middle and last ten days of 12 months, sowing according to the quantity of 25 trays/mu and 90 g/tray, covering soil on the surface after sowing, wherein the thickness of the covered soil is 0.3 cm, so that rice sprouts are covered, the watering amount is controlled to be the bottom soil moisture until the soil is saturated, the dry soil on the tray surface naturally absorbs moisture and has no white surface within 10 min after the soil is covered, then building an arch shed with the width of 1.25 m and the height of 0.8 m by using bamboo chips on the periphery of a seedbed, and reserving ventilation openings on two sides;
s104, seedling bed management: under the condition of thoroughly watering the bottom water, watering is not carried out before 2 leaves, the leaves are not exposed in the future if the leaves are not exposed in the morning and evening, the leaves are newly unfolded in the noon and curled, the surface of bed soil is whitish, and the seedbed is thoroughly watered once by using sun-dried water; covering a small arched shed film before sowing and seedling emergence, and controlling the temperature in the film within 35 ℃; controlling the first leaf period at 24 deg.C and the second leaf period at 19 deg.C, removing film in sunny day after two leaves, hardening off, covering film at night, and keeping the film completely removed when the seedling enters the third leaf period; film uncovering and seedling hardening, namely uncovering two ends of the film, uncovering one side of the film and uncovering the film completely; in case of continuous rainy days, uncovering the film and ventilating for 25min every day after seedling emergence; uncovering the film after seedling emergence and greening of the rice, wherein the film uncovering time is morning or evening, and the shed is closed when the film uncovering ventilation reaches the lowest temperature limit; transplanting seedlings after the seedlings grow to three leaves and one heart; keeping dry breeding at the roots of the seedlings 2 days before transplanting;
s2, soil preparation and rice transplanting:
s201, soil preparation and field soaking: cleaning and maintaining irrigation and drainage channels before soil preparation to ensure smoothness, and then constructing a square strip field to implement single-row and single-irrigation; ploughing to a soil layer with the depth of 15cm, wherein the water content of the soil is 25-30%, and simultaneously applying base fertilizer into the farmland, wherein the using amount is 20 kg/mu; 1, water is added in the middle ten days of the month for soaking the field; when a soil layer is ploughed, ploughing in the first year, carrying out rotary tillage and deep scarification in the last two years simultaneously, and then alternately carrying out the rotary tillage and the deep scarification in the same sequence;
s202, transplanting rice seedlings: the transplanting time is between 1 month and 15 days and 2 months and 1 day, and if the average daily temperature is at least 13 ℃, the row spacing is 30 multiplied by 15cm, and each hole has 3 seedlings; if the transplanting is manual transplanting, the row-hole distance is 25 multiplied by 12cm, 2 seedlings are planted in each hole, the transplanting is straight, uniform in hole and free of root nesting, and the transplanting depth is not more than 2 cm; irrigating water to keep a water layer of 1 cm after the rice seedlings are transplanted and before the rice seedlings turn green;
s3, field management:
s301, a green turning period: immediately performing additional tillering fertilizer after the seedlings turn green, wherein the using amount is 5 kg/mu;
s302, tillering stage: irrigating and maintaining a 3cm water layer; in the middle and late ten months, dressing the rice seedling in the land with fertilizer; 7 days for medical evaluation, sunning the field until the surface has cracks, the ground has white roots, the leaves are light, sunning is carried out for 5 days, and the water layer of 3cm is recovered after sunning;
s303, a booting ear jointing stage: when 2 leaves are poured and spread, topdressing fertilizer is 5 kg/mu, monopotassium phosphate is sprayed, and the topdressing fertilizer is completely applied before the rice is full of ears; 4 cm of water is filled before the ear is sprouted after the ear is sprouted, and intermittent irrigation is carried out; if the weather is low, water of 10 cm is poured for protecting the tire;
s304, heading and flowering period: irrigating 5cm of water, and after the rice is waxed, intermittently irrigating;
s305, yellow ripening stage: draining water at the early stage of yellow maturity, draining water in the depression early and draining water in the water-leaking land late;
s4, harvesting and drying the paddy:
s401, harvesting: harvesting 45 days after ear sprouting of the rice and when the yellowing complete maturity is at least 95%, wherein the harvesting time is 12 pm in sunny days, the water content of the harvested wet rice is not more than 26%, and the stacking time of the wet rice is not more than 8 h;
s402, drying: drying the wet rice for 14 h at the heating temperature of 30 ℃ until the water content of the rice is 14%, and airing the rice for 2 h after discharging.
Example 5
The planting method of the Yunjing 37 variety rice comprises the following steps:
s1, seedling culture:
s101, preparation before seedling culture: selecting dry land or paddy field plots with flat terrain, leeward and sunny, deep and fertile soil layers, selecting plots with high terrain, convenient irrigation and drainage and flat ground among the plots, then carrying out land preparation and ridging to form a seedbed, forming a waterproof dam around the seedbed, arranging the flat surface, wherein the length of the seedbed is 4 m, the width of the seedbed is 1.25 m, and the clean seedbed area of each acre of plot is 5m2(ii) a Paving a soft disc on the seedbed, then filling the nutrient soil into the soft disc, wherein the thickness of the bed soil is 3cm, and then watering to soak the surface layer nutrient soil; the specification of the seedling tray is 0.3 multiplied by 0.6 m; the nutrient soil is prepared by mashing decomposed farmyard manure, sieving, and mixing with garden soil or other foreign soil according to the mass ratio of 1: 3, preparing, adding 1.25 kg of seedling strengthening agent per bed, and mixing uniformly;
s102, seed treatment: selecting qualified seeds, spreading the seeds to be thin, naturally sunning the seeds for 3 days in sunlight, pouring the seeds into water, removing floating impurities, soaking the seeds in 6000 times of 25% prochloraz missible oil for 24 hours for disinfection, soaking 3 kg of the seeds in 25% prochloraz missible oil of each 3ml, cleaning the seeds, stacking the seeds for germination until the seeds are exposed to the white, and controlling the chest breaking temperature to be 40 ℃;
s103, sowing: in the middle and last ten days of 12 months, sowing according to the quantity of 26 trays/mu and 90 g/tray, covering soil on the surface after sowing, wherein the thickness of the covered soil is 0.5 cm, so that rice sprouts are covered, the water sprinkling amount is controlled to be the bottom soil moisture until the soil is saturated, dry soil on the surface of the seedling plate naturally absorbs moisture and has no white surface within 10 minutes after the soil covering, then building an arch shed with the width of 1.25 m and the height of 0.8 m by using bamboo chips at the periphery of the seedbed, and reserving ventilation openings at two sides;
s104, seedling bed management: under the condition of thoroughly watering the bottom water, watering is not carried out before 2 leaves, the leaves are not exposed in the future if the leaves are not exposed in the morning and evening, the leaves are newly unfolded in the noon and curled, the surface of bed soil is whitish, and the seedbed is thoroughly watered once by using sun-dried water; covering a small arched shed film before sowing and seedling emergence, and controlling the temperature in the film within 35 ℃; controlling the first leaf period at 26 deg.C and the second leaf period at 21 deg.C, removing film in sunny day after two leaves, hardening off, covering film at night, and keeping the film completely removed when the seedling enters the third leaf period; film uncovering and seedling hardening, namely uncovering two ends of the film, uncovering one side of the film and uncovering the film completely; in case of continuous rainy days, uncovering the film and ventilating for 35 min every day after seedling emergence; uncovering the film after seedling emergence and greening of the rice, wherein the film uncovering time is morning or evening, and the shed is closed when the film uncovering ventilation reaches the lowest temperature limit; transplanting seedlings after the seedlings grow to four leaves and one heart; keeping dry breeding at the roots of the seedlings 3 days before transplanting;
s2, soil preparation and rice transplanting:
s201, soil preparation and field soaking: cleaning and maintaining irrigation and drainage channels before soil preparation to ensure smoothness, and then constructing a square strip field to implement single-row and single-irrigation; ploughing to a soil layer with the depth of 18 cm, wherein the water content of the soil is 25-30%, and simultaneously applying base fertilizer into the ploughed land, wherein the using amount of the base fertilizer is 20 kg/mu; 1, water is added in the middle ten days of the month for soaking the field; when a soil layer is ploughed, ploughing in the first year, carrying out rotary tillage and deep scarification in the last two years simultaneously, and then alternately carrying out the rotary tillage and the deep scarification in the same sequence;
s202, transplanting rice seedlings: the transplanting time is between 1 month and 15 days and 2 months and 1 day, and if the average daily temperature is at least 13 ℃, the row spacing is 30 multiplied by 15cm, and each hole is 4 seedlings; if the transplanting is manual transplanting, the row-hole distance is 25 multiplied by 12cm, 3 seedlings are planted in each hole, the transplanting is straight, uniform in hole and free of root nesting, and the transplanting depth is not more than 2 cm; irrigating water after transplanting until the seedlings turn green and keeping a water layer of 2 cm;
s3, field management:
s301, a green turning period: immediately performing additional tillering fertilizer after the seedlings turn green, wherein the using amount is 5 kg/mu;
s302, tillering stage: irrigating and maintaining a 3cm water layer; in the middle and late ten months, dressing the rice seedling in the land with fertilizer; drying the field for 7 days at the end of medicine grading until cracks are formed on the surface, white roots appear on the ground, the leaves are light in color, drying the field for 7 days, and recovering a 3cm water layer after drying the field;
s303, a booting ear jointing stage: when 2 leaves are poured and spread, topdressing fertilizer is 5 kg/mu, monopotassium phosphate is sprayed, and the topdressing fertilizer is completely applied before the rice is full of ears; irrigating 6 cm of water before heading and performing intermittent irrigation; if the weather is low, 15cm of water is filled for protecting the tire;
s304, heading and flowering period: irrigating 7 cm of water, and after the rice is waxed, intermittently irrigating;
s305, yellow ripening stage: draining water at the early stage of yellow maturity, draining water in the depression early and draining water in the water-leaking land late;
s4, harvesting and drying the paddy:
s401, harvesting: harvesting 50 days after ear sprouting of rice and when the yellowing complete maturity is at least 95%, wherein the harvesting time is 12 pm in sunny days, the water content of the harvested wet rice is not more than 26%, and the stacking time of the wet rice is not more than 8 h;
s402, drying: drying the wet paddy for 20h at the heating temperature of 40 ℃ until the water content of the paddy is 14%, and airing the paddy for 3h after discharging.
Example 6
The planting method of the Yunjing 37 variety rice comprises the following steps:
s1, seedling culture:
s101, preparation before seedling culture: selecting dry land or paddy field plots with flat terrain, leeward and sunny, deep and fertile soil layers, selecting plots with high terrain, convenient irrigation and drainage and flat ground among the plots, then carrying out land preparation and ridging to form a seedbed, forming a waterproof dam around the seedbed, arranging the flat surface, wherein the length of the seedbed is 4 m, the width of the seedbed is 1.25 m, and the clean seedbed area of each acre of plot is 5m2(ii) a Paving a soft disc on the seedbed, then filling the nutrient soil into the soft disc, wherein the bed soil is 2.5 cm thick, and then watering to soak the nutrient soil on the surface layer; the specification of the seedling tray is 0.3 multiplied by 0.6 m;
s102, seed treatment: selecting qualified seeds, spreading the seeds to be thin, naturally sunning the seeds in the sun for 2.5 days, pouring the seeds into water, removing floating impurities, soaking the seeds in 5000 times of 25% of prochloraz emulsifiable solution for 24 hours for disinfection treatment, soaking 3 kg of the seeds in 25% of prochloraz emulsifiable solution per 3mL, cleaning the seeds, stacking the seeds for germination acceleration until the seeds are exposed to the white, and controlling the chest breaking temperature to be 39 ℃;
s103, sowing: in the middle and last ten days of 12 months, sowing according to the quantity of 25 trays/mu and 90 g/tray, covering soil on the surface after sowing, wherein the thickness of the covered soil is 0.4 cm, so that rice sprouts are covered, the watering amount is controlled to be the bottom soil moisture until the soil is saturated, the dry soil on the tray surface naturally absorbs moisture and has no white surface within 10 min after the soil is covered, then building an arch shed with the width of 1.25 m and the height of 0.8 m by using bamboo chips on the periphery of a seedbed, and reserving ventilation openings on two sides;
s104, seedling bed management: under the condition of thoroughly watering the bottom water, watering is not carried out before 2 leaves, the leaves are not exposed in the future if the leaves are not exposed in the morning and evening, the leaves are newly unfolded in the noon and curled, the surface of bed soil is whitish, and the seedbed is thoroughly watered once by using sun-dried water; covering a small arched shed film before sowing and seedling emergence, and controlling the temperature in the film within 35 ℃; controlling the first leaf period at 25 deg.C and the second leaf period at 20 deg.C, removing film in sunny day after two leaves, hardening off, covering film at night, and keeping the film completely removed when the seedling enters the third leaf period; film uncovering and seedling hardening, namely uncovering two ends of the film, uncovering one side of the film and uncovering the film completely; in case of continuous rainy days, uncovering the film and ventilating for 30 min every day after seedling emergence; uncovering the film after seedling emergence and greening of the rice, wherein the film uncovering time is morning or evening, and the shed is closed when the film uncovering ventilation reaches the lowest temperature limit; transplanting seedlings after the seedlings grow to three leaves and one heart; the seedling roots are kept dry for 2.5 days before transplanting;
s2, soil preparation and rice transplanting:
s201, soil preparation and field soaking: cleaning and maintaining irrigation and drainage channels before soil preparation to ensure smoothness, and then constructing a square strip field to implement single-row and single-irrigation; ploughing to a soil layer with the depth of 16.5 cm, wherein the water content of the soil is 25-30%, simultaneously applying base fertilizer into the farmland, wherein the using amount of the base fertilizer is 20 kg/mu, and the base fertilizer is Dai king rice No. 1 fertilizer; 1, water is added in the middle ten days of the month for soaking the field; when a soil layer is ploughed, ploughing in the first year, carrying out rotary tillage and deep scarification in the last two years simultaneously, and then alternately carrying out the rotary tillage and the deep scarification in the same sequence;
s202, transplanting rice seedlings: the transplanting time is between 1 month and 15 days and 2 months and 1 day, and if the average daily temperature is at least 13 ℃, the row spacing is 30 multiplied by 15cm, and each hole has 3 seedlings; if the transplanting is manual transplanting, the row-hole distance is 25 multiplied by 12cm, 3 seedlings are planted in each hole, the transplanting is straight, uniform in hole and free of root nesting, and the transplanting depth is not more than 2 cm; irrigating water to keep a water layer of 1.5 cm after the rice seedlings are transplanted and before the rice seedlings turn green;
s3, field management:
s301, a green turning period: immediately performing additional tillering fertilizer after the green turning of seedlings, wherein the tillering fertilizer is Dai king rice No. 2 fertilizer, and the using amount is 5 kg/mu;
s302, tillering stage: irrigating and maintaining a 3cm water layer; in the middle and late ten months, dressing the rice seedling in the land with fertilizer; 7 days for medical evaluation, sunning the field until the surface has cracks, the ground has white roots, the leaves are light, and drying for 6 days, and then recovering a 3cm water layer;
s303, a booting ear jointing stage: when 2 leaves are poured and unfolded, topdressing fertilizer is 5 kg/mu, the fertilizer is Dai king rice No. 3 fertilizer, monopotassium phosphate is sprayed, and the topdressing is finished before the rice is full of ears; irrigating 5cm of water before heading and performing intermittent irrigation; if the weather is low, water of 12.5 cm is poured for protecting the tire;
s304, heading and flowering period: irrigating 6 cm of water, and after the rice is waxed, intermittently irrigating;
s305, yellow ripening stage: draining water at the early stage of yellow maturity, draining water in the depression early and draining water in the water-leaking land late;
s4, harvesting and drying the paddy:
s401, harvesting: harvesting the rice 47 days after ear sprouting and when the yellowing complete maturity is at least 95%, wherein the harvesting time is 12 pm in sunny days, the water content of the harvested wet rice is not more than 26%, and the stacking time of the wet rice is not more than 8 h;
s402, drying: drying the wet paddy for 17 hours at the heating temperature of 35 ℃ until the water content of the paddy is 14 percent, and airing the paddy for 2.5 hours after discharging.
Claims (7)
1. A planting method of Yunjing 37 variety rice is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, seedling culture:
s101, preparation before seedling culture: selecting dry land or paddy field plots with flat terrain, leeward and sunny, deep and fertile soil layers, selecting plots with high terrain, convenient irrigation and drainage and flat ground among the plots, then carrying out land preparation and ridging to form a seedbed, forming a waterproof dam around the seedbed, arranging the flat surface, wherein the length of the seedbed is 4 m, the width of the seedbed is 1.25 m, and the clean seedbed area of each acre of plot is 5m2(ii) a Paving a soft disc on a seedbed, then loading the nutrient soil into the soft disc, wherein the thickness of the bed soil is 2-3 cm, and then watering to soak the nutrient soil on the surface layer;
s102, seed treatment: selecting qualified seeds, spreading the seeds to be thin, naturally sunning the seeds for 2-3 days in sunlight, pouring the seeds into water, removing floating impurities, soaking the seeds in 4000-6000 times of 25% prochloraz emulsifiable solution for 24 hours for disinfection treatment, soaking 3 kg of the seeds in 25% prochloraz emulsifiable solution per 3mL, cleaning the seeds, stacking the seeds for germination acceleration until the seeds are exposed to the white, and controlling the chest breaking temperature to be 38-40 ℃;
s103, sowing: in the middle and last ten days of 12 months, sowing according to the quantity of 25-26 dishes/mu and 90 g/dish, covering soil on the surface after sowing, wherein the thickness of the covered soil is 0.3-0.5 cm, so that rice sprouts are covered, the water sprinkling amount is controlled until the water content of bottom soil is saturated, the dry soil on the dish surface naturally absorbs moisture and has no white surface within 10 min after the soil covering, then building an arch shed with the width of 1.25 m and the height of 0.8 m on the periphery of a seedbed by using bamboo chips, and reserving ventilation openings on two sides;
s104, seedling bed management: under the condition of thoroughly watering the bottom water, watering is not carried out before 2 leaves, the leaves are not exposed in the future if the leaves are not exposed in the morning and evening, the leaves are newly unfolded in the noon and curled, the surface of bed soil is whitish, and the seedbed is thoroughly watered once by using sun-dried water; covering a small arched shed film before sowing and seedling emergence, and controlling the temperature in the film within 35 ℃; controlling the first leaf period to be 24-26 ℃, controlling the second leaf period to be 19-21 ℃, removing the film in the daytime after the second leaf period, hardening the seedlings, and covering the film at night; film uncovering and seedling hardening, namely uncovering two ends of the film, uncovering one side of the film and uncovering the film completely; in continuous rainy days, uncovering the film and ventilating for 25-35 min every day after seedling emergence; uncovering the film after seedling emergence and greening of the rice, wherein the film uncovering time is morning or evening, and the shed is closed when the film uncovering ventilation reaches the lowest temperature limit; transplanting rice seedlings after the seedlings grow to three leaves and one heart or four leaves and one heart; keeping dry breeding of the roots of the seedlings 2-3 days before transplanting;
s2, soil preparation and rice transplanting:
s201, soil preparation and field soaking: cleaning and maintaining irrigation and drainage channels before soil preparation to ensure smoothness, and then constructing a square strip field to implement single-row and single-irrigation; ploughing to a soil layer with the depth of 15-18 cm, wherein the water content of the soil is 25-30%, and applying base fertilizer to the farmland at the same time, wherein the using amount of the base fertilizer is 20 kg/mu; 1, water is added in the middle ten days of the month for soaking the field;
s202, transplanting rice seedlings: transplanting seedlings for 1 month 15 days to 2 months 1 days, wherein if the average daily temperature is at least 13 ℃, the row spacing is 30 x 15cm, and each hole is 3-4 seedlings; if the transplanting is manual transplanting, the row-hole distance is 25 multiplied by 12cm, 2-3 seedlings are planted in each hole, the transplanting is straight, uniform in hole and free of root nesting, and the transplanting depth is not more than 2 cm; irrigating water after transplanting until the seedlings turn green and keeping a water layer of 1-2 cm;
s3, field management:
s301, a green turning period: immediately performing additional tillering fertilizer after the seedlings turn green, wherein the using amount is 5 kg/mu;
s302, tillering stage: irrigating and maintaining a 3cm water layer; in the middle and late ten months, dressing the rice seedling in the land with fertilizer; drying the field for 7 days at the end of grading, drying the field until the surface has cracks, enabling the ground to have white roots and leaves to be light in color, drying the field for 5-7 days, and recovering a 3cm water layer after drying the field;
s303, a booting ear jointing stage: when 2 leaves are poured and spread, topdressing fertilizer is 5 kg/mu, monopotassium phosphate is sprayed, and the topdressing fertilizer is completely applied before the rice is full of ears; irrigating 4-6 cm of water from the ear-bearing to the ear-heading, and carrying out intermittent irrigation; if the weather is low, water of 10-15 cm is poured for protecting the tire;
s304, heading and flowering period: irrigating 5-7 cm of water, and after the rice is waxed, intermittently irrigating;
s305, yellow ripening stage: draining water at the early stage of yellow maturity, draining water in the depression early and draining water in the water-leaking land late;
s4, harvesting and drying the paddy:
s401, harvesting: harvesting 45-50 days after ear emergence of the rice and when the yellowing finish maturity is at least 95%, wherein the harvesting time is 12 o' clock in sunny days, the water content of the harvested wet rice is not more than 26%, and the stacking time of the wet rice is not more than 8 h;
s402, drying: drying the wet rice for at least 14 h at the heating temperature of less than or equal to 40 ℃ until the water content of the rice is 14%, and airing the rice for 2-3 h after discharging.
2. The planting method of Yunyuan 37-variety rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein the specification of the seedling tray in the step S101 is 0.3 x 0.6 m.
3. The planting method of Yujing 37 variety rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein the nutrient soil in step S101 is prepared by crushing and sieving decomposed farmyard manure, mixing with garden soil or other foreign soil in a mass ratio of 1: 3, preparing, adding 1.25 kg of seedling strengthening agent per bed, and mixing uniformly.
4. The planting method of Yujing 37 variety rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step of S1 further comprises pest control, the pest control including control before transplantation, and control of damping off;
before transplantation, the seedlings need to be sprayed with a liquid medicine once before transplantation, wherein the liquid medicine is a mixed solution of 33% isoprothiolane, 1000 times liquid of hexanitrol and 25% several thiamethoxam 1000 times liquid, or a mixed solution of 25% benzinum squillifolia 1500 times liquid and 25% several thiamethoxam 1000 times liquid;
the damping off prevention and control is that when the temperature of a seedbed is lower than or higher than 35 ℃, 600-800 times of hymexazol liquid is used for carrying out soil disinfection treatment during the management of the seedbed, or 1500 times of metalaxyl or metalaxyl-M liquid is used for carrying out spraying treatment.
5. The planting method of Yunjiu 37 variety rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein the seedlings in step S104 are kept in the three-leaf stage with the film being completely uncovered.
6. The method for planting Yunjing 37-variety rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step S201 is carried out by turning over the soil layer in the first year, carrying out rotary tillage and deep scarification in the second two years, and alternately carrying out the steps in the same order.
7. The planting method of the Yujing 37 variety of rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein the base fertilizer in step S201 is Dai king rice No. 1 fertilizer, the tillering fertilizer in step S301 is Dai king rice No. 2 fertilizer, and the fertilizer in step S303 is Dai king rice No. 3 fertilizer.
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