CN109997636A - A kind of nitrogen fertilizer for paddy rice decrement moves back cultural method - Google Patents
A kind of nitrogen fertilizer for paddy rice decrement moves back cultural method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109997636A CN109997636A CN201910293073.7A CN201910293073A CN109997636A CN 109997636 A CN109997636 A CN 109997636A CN 201910293073 A CN201910293073 A CN 201910293073A CN 109997636 A CN109997636 A CN 109997636A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of nitrogen fertilizer for paddy rice decrement and moves back cultural method, it is related to rice cultivating technique field, field management including disease pest and weed prevention and treatment, and, the rice seedling handled by darkroom seedling is transplanted to by soaked field and the field for turning over whole field processing of pouring water, the rice field for carrying out Rice Cropping is obtained；It is included the fertilizer treatment by nitrogenous fertilizer not as base manure and tillering fertilizer to rice field；Progress a small amount of natures of pouring water in rice field are fallen dry, and stop the circulation Irrigation levels poured water one week before harvest, mature rice is obtained, the method for the present invention nitrogen fertilizer amount is few, and rice yield is high, without in base manure and tillering to rice nitrogen fertilizer application, nitrogen fertilizer amount is not only reduced, improves utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer, and reduce working feature, method is simple, at low cost；Importantly, reducing the influence to environment to the maximum extent, significant effect, universality are wide.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to rice cultivating technique fields more particularly to a kind of nitrogen fertilizer for paddy rice decrement to move back cultural method.
Background technique
Rice is one of most important cereal crops in China, has nearly 60% population using rice as staple food, at present China
About 4.51 hundred million mu of Monitoring of Paddy Rice Plant Area, per unit area yield, total yield the first in the world.Nitrogenous fertilizer plays an important role in Rice Production, but
Existing rice cultivating method causes to compare protrusion, according to statistics, rice the phenomenon that nitrogenous fertilizer is excessively used during Rice Production
Nitrogenous fertilizer usage amount accounts for 37% that China's nitrogenous fertilizer uses total amount.Excessive nitrogenous fertilizer applies the accumulation influence soil that can reduce soil with organic matter
Earth fertility causes water eutrophication to seriously affect ecological environment, a large amount of ammonium nitrogens volatilization pollution air, warp by overland flow
The nitrification and denitrification effect for crossing microorganism generates N2O, aggravation greenhouse effects etc..In recent years, country has promulgated a series of political affairs
Plan regulation, e.g., " about the implementation guideline for accomplishing fluently agricultural non-point source pollution prevention and treatment assault of fortified positions ", " about printing and distributing < rice the year two thousand twenty chemical fertilizer agriculture
Medicine using zero growth rate action scheme>and<to the year two thousand twenty Pesticide use amount zero growth rate action scheme>notice " etc. files.These texts
One of part emphasis is exactly the usage amount for emphasizing nitrogenous fertilizer to be reduced.
Summary of the invention
To solve the technology that the phenomenon that nitrogenous fertilizer is excessively used in the process in Rice Production existing in the prior art compares protrusion
Problem, the present invention provide a kind of nitrogen fertilizer for paddy rice decrement and move back cultural method, the method for the present invention under conditions of reducing nitrogen fertilizer amount,
Nitrogenous fertilizer only is used in the ear manuer phase, saves the dosage of nitrogenous fertilizer, the rice yield of acquisition is equal to even greater than conventional method, method
Simply, significant effect, economic benefit and environmental benefit are huge.
Technical purpose to realize the present invention, the present invention provide a kind of nitrogen fertilizer for paddy rice decrement and move back cultural method, including disease
The field management of worm prevention and control of weeds, further includes:
The rice seedling handled by darkroom seedling is transplanted to by pouring water and soaked field and turns over the field of whole field processing
Block obtains the rice field for carrying out Rice Cropping；
It is included the fertilizer treatment by nitrogenous fertilizer not as base manure and tillering fertilizer to rice field；
A small amount of natures of pouring water are carried out to rice field and fall circulation Irrigation levels that are dry, and pouring water in harvest the last week stopping, are obtained
Mature rice.
Wherein, it is described to rice field included by nitrogenous fertilizer not as the fertilizer treatment of base manure and tillering fertilizer be using nitrogenous fertilizer as
Ear manuer is in two times administered rice field.
Wherein, described be administered nitrogenous fertilizer to rice field in two times as ear manuer includes:
First is carried out when the 4th leaf of inverse of rice total leaf number is just extracted out to apply；
Second is carried out when the 2nd leaf of inverse of rice total leaf number is just extracted out to apply.
In particular, 50%-70% of described first nitrogenous fertilizer applied for total amount.
Preferably, the described first nitrogenous fertilizer applied is the 60% of total amount.
In particular, 30%-50% of described second nitrogenous fertilizer applied for total amount.
Preferably, the described second nitrogenous fertilizer applied is the 40% of total amount.
Wherein, when rice is long-grained nonglutinous rice, the nitrogenous fertilizer usage amount is purity nitrogen 4-10kg per acre；When rice is japonica rice, institute
Stating nitrogenous fertilizer usage amount is to apply purity nitrogen 10-14kg per acre.
In one embodiment of the invention, when rice is long-grained nonglutinous rice, nitrogen fertilizing total amount is purity nitrogen 8kg per acre.Work as water
When rice is japonica rice, nitrogen fertilizing total amount is to apply purity nitrogen 12kg per acre.
Wherein, the fertilizer treatment includes:
The phosphate fertilizer disposably applied in the form of base manure；
Part is applied with base manure, and remainder carries out the potash fertilizer applied when the first application in nitrogenous fertilizer.
Wherein, the Application Ratio of phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer and nitrogenous fertilizer is in terms of purity nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide, potassium oxide, are as follows:
N:P2O5: K2O=(1.4-2.6): (1.0-1.4): (0.8-1.2).
In particular, when carrying out plantation long-grained nonglutinous rice, the Application Ratio of phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer and nitrogenous fertilizer are as follows:
N:P2O5: K2O=(1.4-1.8): (1.0-1.4): (0.8-1.2)；
When carrying out japonica rice plantation, the Application Ratio of phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer and nitrogenous fertilizer are as follows:
N:P2O5: K2O=(2.2-2.6): (1.0-1.4): (0.8-1.2).
It is particularly preferred, when carrying out plantation long-grained nonglutinous rice, the Application Ratio of phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer and nitrogenous fertilizer are as follows:
N:P2O5: K2O=1.6:1.2:1；
When carrying out japonica rice plantation, the Application Ratio of phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer and nitrogenous fertilizer are as follows:
N:P2O5: K2O=2.4:1.2:1.
Wherein, the water irrigating depth poured water in a small amount is 1-2cm.
Wherein, the circulation Irrigation levels carry out after transplanting to enough seedling stages, ear differentiation to rice dough stage respectively.
It wherein, further include dry field processing during the circulation Irrigation levels, dry field processing is in enough Miao Houzhi ear differentiation
Before.
Wherein, the darkroom seedling, which is handled, includes:
Certified seed after clear water is impregnated be seeded into seedling raising ground substance be placed on imply room in carry out vernalization, to rice seedling
Cusp length is taken out after being unearthed；
Wherein, the humidity for implying room is greater than 90%, and temperature is 30-35 DEG C；
Wherein, the rice seedling cusp is unearthed height for 0.7-1.3cm.
Wherein, the seedling raising ground substance is the dedicated seedling raising ground substance of commercially available rice, such as the limited public affairs of Hangzhou Jin Hai agricultural science and technology
The middle bright and beautiful board rice seedling raising ground substance of department's production.
Wherein, the clear water immersion is prior to seeding to impregnate seed clear water 24 hours.
Specifically, it is described seed is seeded into seedling raising ground substance after, select inside dimension specification be 58 × 28 × 3cm the machine transplanting of rice it is special
It with hard disk, is sowed with the application rate of long-grained nonglutinous rice 50-70g/ disk, japonica rice 70-90g/ disk, is after planting often dropped into seedling disk with 25 disks
Row disc stack.
Specifically, taking out seedling disk after darkroom seedling processing and flat pendulum being on the seedbed of crop field, each seedbed width is 1.3m,
Length is unlimited.
Wherein, the field is the field that preceding crop is vegetables.
Wherein, the preceding crop be selected from potato, rape, fresh edible maize, kidney bean, cowpea, semen viciae fabae, watermelon, Chinese cabbage,
One of green vegetables, lettuce, wild cabbage, cauliflower, cucumber, garlic, capsicum are a variety of.
Wherein, the soaked field of pouring water includes: with whole field processing is turned over
It behind normal irrigation soaked field, carries out turning over whole field within 3-4 days before transplanting, carries out fine earth after ploughing and rake, accomplish that field face is flat
It is whole, soft without stubble, mud.
Wherein, crop field ploughing depth is in 15cm or more.
It should be noted that pest control method of the invention is all made of conventional method progress.
Specifically, by shoot transplanting equipment to rice field when, it is 20-25 days that long-grained nonglutinous rice, which transplants the length of time rice seedlings grow, and it is 30-35 that japonica rice, which transplants the length of time rice seedlings grow,
It, is transplanted using 6 row high-speed transplanter of riding type, such as Kubo field 2ZGQ-6B (NSPU-68CM) rice transplanter, transplanting
When field in water layer be no more than 2 centimetres, transplant depth 1-1.5cm, line-spacing 30cm, spacing in the rows 15-17cm, 1.3-1.5 ten thousand per acre
The root and stem of certain plants, the every root and stem of certain plants 1-2 seedling of hybrid paddy rice, the every root and stem of certain plants 2-3 seedling of conventional Rice, ten thousand seedling of Basic Seedling 2.0-3.75.
The advantages of the present invention
It 1, is potato the present invention is especially suitable for preceding stubble, rape, fresh edible maize, kidney bean, cowpea, semen viciae fabae, watermelon, white
Dish, green vegetables, lettuce, wild cabbage, cauliflower, cucumber, garlic, capsicum and other vegetable fields Rice Cropping, nitrogen fertilizer amount is few, rice produce
Amount is high, does not have to not only reduce nitrogen fertilizer amount to fertilization of rice in base manure and tillering, improve utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer, and
Reduce working feature, method is simple, at low cost；Importantly, reducing the influence to environment to the maximum extent, effect is aobvious
Work, universality are wide.
2, the present invention also improves the germination percentage and Phase ofsprouting of rice shoot by the darkening to rice shoot, makes the nitrogenous fertilizer of rice
It is reduced the output increased of plantation.
Specific embodiment
Of the invention for ease of understanding, the present invention is described in more detail with reference to embodiments, does not refer in the present invention
Method or reagent by conventional method or commercially available acquisition.
Long-grained nonglutinous rice of the present invention is using Yunnan Province Dehong prefecture Mang Shi as planting site, and japonica rice is using Baoshan, Yunnan city Longyang District as planting site
Rice Cropping test is carried out, it is specific as follows.
The plantation of 1 long-grained nonglutinous rice of embodiment
1, the whole field of seedling
The selection of 1.1 dates of seeding
Select preceding crop for the field of potato, as long-grained nonglutinous rice field.Date of seeding, selects the temperature on average after potato harvest
Up to 15 DEG C of April 5.
It should be noted that long-grained nonglutinous rice field is also an option that preceding crop is the field of other vegetables, such as fresh edible maize, oil
Dish, kidney bean, cowpea, semen viciae fabae, watermelon, Chinese cabbage, green vegetables, lettuce, wild cabbage, cauliflower, cucumber, garlic, capsicum etc..
Current stubble crop harvest is completed, and temperature on average is up to 15 DEG C or more of period generally in late March to phase early April
Between, practical seedtime is judged according to local crops for rotation situation and relevant climate condition.
1.2 seedling
According to the period of sowing, seedling is carried out to long-grained nonglutinous rice in advance, specifically: the rice paddy seed of the full health of selection, sowing
Preceding 1 weekly selection fine day is basked seeds 1-2 days, to improve germination percentage, is then impregnated 24 hours with clear water and is carried out vernalization.Then commercially available conjunction is adopted
For the dedicated seedling raising ground substance of the rice of lattice as seedling raising ground substance, selecting inside dimension specification is the machine transplanting of rice dedicated hard disk of 58 × 28 × 3cm, with
The application rate of 70g/ disk sows the seed after immersion, seedling disk is often after planting dropped into row disc stack with 25 disks, and be put in wet
Degree is 90% or more, carries out vernalization in the hint room that temperature is 30-35 DEG C, takes seedling disk to long unearthed 1cm of rice shoot cusp or so
Out and on flat pendulum and crop field seedbed, for use, it is 10m that each seedbed width, which is 1.3m length,.
1.3 whole fields
It is poured water in due course soaked field according to local crops for rotation situation, carries out within 3-4 days before transplanting turning over whole field, crop field ploughing depth exists
15cm or more, plough after carry out fine earth rake, accomplish field face it is smooth, without stubble, the soft of mud
2, it transplants
By the long-grained nonglutinous rice length of time rice seedlings grow up to 25 days, the japonica rice length of time rice seedlings grow up to 32 days shoot transplanting equipments to crop field, using Kubo field 2ZGQ-6B
(NSPU-68CM) rice transplanter is transplanted, and water layer is no more than 2 centimetres, transplant depth 1-1.5cm in field when transplanting, row
Away from for 30cm, spacing in the rows 15-17cm, ten thousand root and stem of certain plants of 1.3-1.5 per acre, the every root and stem of certain plants 1-2 seedling of hybrid paddy rice, the every root and stem of certain plants 2-3 seedling of conventional Rice, Basic Seedling
Ten thousand seedling of 2.0-3.75.
3, field management
3.1 fertilizing management
Nitrogenous fertilizer, potash fertilizer and the phosphate fertilizer for purchasing commercially available qualification, according to applying purity nitrogen 8kg, purity nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide and oxygen per acre
The ratio that the weight for changing potassium is 1.6:1.2:1 is stocked up.Then it is disposably manured into soil using phosphate fertilizer as base manure, it will
50% potash fertilizer is applied as base manure, is applied fertilizer in root zone, fertilization mode is unlimited, when the 4th leaf of inverse of rice total leaf number is rigid
When extraction, the nitrogenous fertilizer of remaining potash fertilizer and 60% is applied, application can be mixed, can also separated and apply, it finally will be remaining
Nitrogenous fertilizer application when the 2nd leaf of inverse of rice total leaf number is just extracted out.
Wherein, nitrogenous fertilizer can choose commercially available any nitrogenous fertilizer, such as urea, ammonium hydrogen carbonate, thiamines, ammonium nitrate etc.；Phosphorus
Fertilizer can choose commercially available any phosphate fertilizer,；Such as monoammonium phosphate, Diammonium phosphate (DAP), phosphate fertilizer, double burning phosphate fertilizer, calcium magnesium phosphate, again
Calcium superphosphate, calcium superphosphate, granulated phosphate fertilizer, double superphosphate, ammonium phosphate, white phosphorus fertilizer, phosphoric acid light calcium etc.；Potash fertilizer can choose city
Any phosphate fertilizer, such as potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, plant ash, kainite for selling etc..
Require field face no water layer when fertilising, the field Shi Wanhou face covers that allow it to fall naturally after 1-2cm water layer dry, matches with irrigation water management
Close application.
It should be noted that N P and K proportion selection of the invention is to reduce total nitrogen consumption, and by nitrogenous fertilizer not as base
The fertilizer treatment of fertilizer and tillering fertilizer is to carry out in two times to the fertilization mode that rice field is administered using nitrogenous fertilizer as ear manuer, not only
It can be improved rice yield and fertilizer utilization efficiency, moreover it is possible to which the usage amount that nitrogenous fertilizer can be greatly reduced is reduced to ecological environment
It influences.
4th leaf reciprocal and rice cob idiophase belonged to the raw phase, and the Floret differentiation phase of the 2nd leaf and rice reciprocal belongs to
The Yu Tongsheng phase, the fertilizing time of nitrogenous fertilizer is not only concentrated on rice cob idiophase and Floret differentiation phase by the present invention, but also is made
The nitrogen fertilizer amount of rice cob idiophase is greater than the Floret differentiation phase, it is therefore an objective to promote point of rice grain husk flower in the rice cob idiophase
Change, the degeneration of grain husk flower is prevented in the Floret differentiation phase, guarantees rice yield under the premise of guaranteeing utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer.
3.2 irrigation water management
The irrigation method of invention is specifically: rice field face is poured water after transplanting, and to allow it to fall naturally after 1-2cm dry, fall it is dry after pour water again
1-2cm was so repeated to enough seedling stages, and dry field is carried out after enough seedlings, and ear differentiation to rice dough stage repeats to reach the irrigation side before seedling
Method is cut off the water supply for 7 days before harvest.
The prevention and treatment of 3.3 disease pest and weeds
It is prevented and treated according to conventional rice disease and pest crop smothering Control Technology, aims at prevention prevention and treatment and combine.
The plantation of 2 long-grained nonglutinous rice of embodiment
Except select preceding crop for the field of fresh edible maize as long-grained nonglutinous rice field in addition to, other are same as Example 1.
The plantation of 3 long-grained nonglutinous rice of embodiment
Except select preceding crop for the field of rape as long-grained nonglutinous rice field in addition to, other are same as Example 1.
The plantation of 4 long-grained nonglutinous rice of embodiment
Except select preceding crop for the field of kidney bean as long-grained nonglutinous rice field in addition to, other are same as Example 1.
Wherein, the kidney bean can also use one of cowpea, semen viciae fabae to substitute.
The plantation of 5 long-grained nonglutinous rice of embodiment
Except select preceding crop for the field of capsicum as long-grained nonglutinous rice field in addition to, other are same as Example 1.
The plantation of 6 long-grained nonglutinous rice of embodiment
Except select preceding crop for the field of garlic as long-grained nonglutinous rice field in addition to, other are same as Example 1.
The plantation of 7 long-grained nonglutinous rice of embodiment
Except select preceding crop for the field of cucumber as long-grained nonglutinous rice field in addition to, other are same as Example 1.
The plantation of 8 long-grained nonglutinous rice of embodiment
Except select preceding crop for the field of cauliflower as long-grained nonglutinous rice field in addition to, other are same as Example 1.
The plantation of 9 long-grained nonglutinous rice of embodiment
Except select preceding crop for the field of wild cabbage as long-grained nonglutinous rice field in addition to, other are same as Example 1.
The plantation of 10 long-grained nonglutinous rice of embodiment
Except select preceding crop for the field of lettuce as long-grained nonglutinous rice field in addition to, other are same as Example 1.
The plantation of 11 long-grained nonglutinous rice of embodiment
Except select preceding crop for the field of green vegetables as long-grained nonglutinous rice field in addition to, other are same as Example 1.
The plantation of 12 long-grained nonglutinous rice of embodiment
Except select preceding crop for the field of Chinese cabbage as long-grained nonglutinous rice field in addition to, other are same as Example 1.
The plantation of 13 long-grained nonglutinous rice of embodiment
Except select preceding crop for the field of watermelon as long-grained nonglutinous rice field in addition to, other are same as Example 1.
The plantation of 14 long-grained nonglutinous rice of embodiment
In addition to applying purity nitrogen 4kg per acre, other are any identical with embodiment 1-13.
The plantation of 15 long-grained nonglutinous rice of embodiment
In addition to applying purity nitrogen 6kg per acre, other are any identical with embodiment 1-13.
The plantation of 16 long-grained nonglutinous rice of embodiment
In addition to applying purity nitrogen 10kg per acre, other are any identical with embodiment 1-13.
It should be noted that in embodiment 1-14 in any long-grained nonglutinous rice implantation methods, purity nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide and oxygen
Change the weight of potassium at (1.4-1.8): (1.0-1.4): any number in (0.8-1.2) proportional region also may be implemented
Technical purpose of the invention.
Preferably, purity nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide and potassium oxide weight be 1.6:1.2:1 nitrogenous fertilizer,
Under phosphate fertilizer and Potassium Fertilizer, any value for applying purity nitrogen 4-10kg per acre can realize technical purpose of the invention.
The plantation of 17 japonica rice of embodiment
Except applying purity nitrogen 12k per acre；The weight of purity nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide and potassium oxide be 2.4:1.2:1 outside,
He is identical as embodiment 1-13.
The plantation of 18 japonica rice of embodiment
Except applying purity nitrogen 10k per acre；Other are identical as embodiment 17.
The plantation of 19 japonica rice of embodiment
Except applying purity nitrogen 14k per acre；Other are identical as embodiment 17.
It should be noted that in embodiment 17-19 in any japonica rice implantation methods, purity nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide and
The weight of potassium oxide is at (2.2-2.6): (1.0-1.4): any number in (0.8-1.2) proportional region can also be real
Existing technical purpose of the invention.
Preferably, purity nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide and potassium oxide weight be 2.4:1.2:1 nitrogenous fertilizer,
Under phosphate fertilizer and Potassium Fertilizer, any value for applying purity nitrogen 10-14kg per acre can realize technical purpose of the invention.
After being planted using the above method to long-grained nonglutinous rice and japonica rice, through detecting, above method rice yield obtained does not have
There were significant differences, it is seen that using potato, rape, fresh edible maize, kidney bean, cowpea, semen viciae fabae, watermelon, Chinese cabbage, green vegetables, lettuce,
Wild cabbage, cauliflower, cucumber, garlic, any preceding crop in capsicum field carry out long-grained nonglutinous rice and this may be implemented in japonica rice
The Rice Cropping cultivation of the nitrogenous fertilizer decrement of invention, it can also be seen that the dosage for applying purity nitrogen 4-10kg per acre to be used for the kind of long-grained nonglutinous rice
Plant the Rice Cropping cultivation that nitrogenous fertilizer decrement of the invention may be implemented；Purity nitrogen dosage 10-14kg is used for japonica rice plantation
To realize the Rice Cropping cultivation of nitrogenous fertilizer decrement of the invention.
Test example 1
Using method provided by the invention in Indica Rice Region (excellent 6366) in rice varieties hilllock and glutinous rice zone (the grand section of rice varieties
16) planting experiment is carried out respectively, and tests concrete steps are as follows:
Respectively choose before stubble be fresh edible maize (Indica Rice Region) and semen viciae fabae (glutinous rice zone) row rice wheel be tested, rice season not
Basal dressing and tillering fertilizer only apply ear manuer, and ear manuer is divided into rush fertilizers for potted flowers and protects fertilizers for potted flowers applies (promote fertilizers for potted flowers: guarantor's fertilizers for potted flowers is 6:4), rush twice
Fertilizers for potted flowers application when 4 leaves just extract blade tip out protects fertilizers for potted flowers application when 2 leaves just extract blade tip out, it is normal furthermore to set a locality again
Advising fertilizer treatment CK, (glutinous rice zone purity nitrogen dosage is 16kg/ mus, and Indica Rice Region purity nitrogen dosage is 14kg/ mus, and Operational of Nitrogen Among ratio is
1:1:1:1).Each processing is using 3 duplicate random district's groups arrangements, 20 ㎡ of plot area (4m × 5m), minizone plastic partition
Water version separates.Rice transplanting is used uniformly machine transplanting of rice mode and carries out, seeding row spacing be 30cm × 15cm, Transplanting Density be 22.2 ten thousand root and stem of certain plants/
hm2。
Influence of the 1 Indica Rice Region ear manuer amount of application of table to rice yield and nitrogenous fertilizer agronomy utilization efficiency
According to the test result of table 1 it is found that being planted using the method for the present invention in Indica Rice Region, purity nitrogen dosage of the present invention is only
It is 8kg/ mus, 701.91kg/ mus of yield can be reached, yield improves 14.68% than not fertilizer treatment, the Agronomic Use Efficiency of nitrogen
Up to 11.23kg/kg；And the purity nitrogen dosage of CK (i.e. local conventional fertilizer application processing) is 1.75 times of dosage of the present invention, every per mu yield
Amount is but than The present invention reduces 39.71% that the utilization rate of 27.11kg, nitrogen are only the application, it is seen then that the present invention not only use by purity nitrogen
Amount is few, and yield also increased, and utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer is high, and nitrogenous fertilizer reduced training is significant.
Influence of the 2 glutinous rice zone ear manuer amount of application of table to rice yield and nitrogenous fertilizer agronomy utilization efficiency
According to the test result of table 2 it is found that being planted using the method for the present invention in glutinous rice zone, purity nitrogen dosage of the present invention is only
When being 12kg/ mus, yield reaches 893.12kg/ mus, and yield improves 28.01% than not fertilizer treatment, the Agronomic Use Efficiency of nitrogen
Purity nitrogen dosage up to 16.29kg/kg, and CK (i.e. local conventional fertilizer application processing) is 1.33 times of dosage of the present invention, yield ratio
The present invention reduces 47.2kg, the utilization rate of nitrogen is only the 56.90% of the application.
As it can be seen that necessarily will appear if purity nitrogen dosage of the invention and N P and K proportion are used in conventional fertilizer application mode
Since nitrogen pool is reduced, by nitrogenous fertilizer with the application of base manure, tillering fertilizer and ear manuer, it may appear that fertilizer deficiency situation；If by conventional kind
N P and K proportion in plant method is but all used for necessarily will appear since nitrogenous fertilizer total amount is larger in fertilization mode of the present invention
Make ear manuer application, it may appear that fertilizer excessively caused by burn seedlings phenomenon.
It is specific as follows the following are part test example of present invention during carrying out agricultural planting test:
Test example 2
For the present invention during testing, installation aforementioned proportion has carried out Adjustment Tests, method and reality to purity nitrogen dosage
The method for applying example 1 or test example 1 is identical, testing result as shown in Table 3 and Table 4
Influence of the 3 Indica Rice Region difference ear manuer amount of application of table to rice yield and nitrogenous fertilizer agronomy utilization efficiency
Influence of the 4 glutinous rice zone difference ear manuer amount of application of table to rice yield and nitrogenous fertilizer agronomy utilization efficiency
According to table 3 and table 4 it is found that under different purity nitrogen dosages, Indica Rice Region is applied per acre within the scope of purity nitrogen 4-10kg, yield
Local conventional fertilizer application is above with utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer to handle；Any dosage within the scope of purity nitrogen 10-14kg is applied in glutinous rice zone per acre,
Yield is same as utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer to be above local conventional fertilizer application processing, it is seen then that purity nitrogen dosage of the invention is in 4-10kg range
The nitrogenous fertilizer decrement cultivation of long-grained nonglutinous rice may be implemented in interior any dosage, and any dosage of the purity nitrogen dosage within the scope of 10-14kg is equal
The decrement cultivation of japonica rice nitrogenous fertilizer may be implemented.
Embodiment of the present invention is only the description carried out to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the present invention is not by above-mentioned
Implement 1 limitation, under the premise of not departing from design philosophy of the present invention, those skilled in the art are to technical solution of the present invention
The all variations and modifications made, should all fall into protection scope of the present invention, the claimed technology contents of the present invention, entirely
Portion is all described in the claims.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of nitrogen fertilizer for paddy rice decrement moves back cultural method, the field management including disease pest and weed prevention and treatment, which is characterized in that also wrap
Include following steps:
The rice seedling handled by darkroom seedling is transplanted to by soaked field and the field for turning over whole field processing of pouring water, is obtained
To the rice field for carrying out Rice Cropping；
It is included the fertilizer treatment by nitrogenous fertilizer not as base manure and tillering fertilizer to rice field；
The rice field natures that pour water in a small amount are fallen dry, and stops the circulation Irrigation levels poured water one week before harvest, obtains maturation
Rice.
2. the method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that it is described to rice field included by nitrogenous fertilizer not as base manure and point
The fertilizer treatment of fetilizer for tillering is to be administered in two times to rice field after reducing nitrogen fertilizer amount as ear manuer.
3. method according to claim 2, which is characterized in that described to be administered in two times to rice field using nitrogenous fertilizer as ear manuer
Include:
First is carried out when the 4th leaf of inverse of rice total leaf number is just extracted out to apply；
Second is carried out when the 2nd leaf of inverse of rice total leaf number is just extracted out to apply.
4. method as claimed in claim 3, which is characterized in that the fertilizer treatment includes:
The phosphate fertilizer disposably applied in the form of base manure；
Part is applied with base manure, and remainder carries out the potash fertilizer applied when the first application in nitrogenous fertilizer.
5. the method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the water irrigating depth poured water in a small amount is 1-2cm.
6. the method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the circulation Irrigation levels are respectively in transplanting to enough seedling stages, children
Spike development to rice dough stage, carries out.
7. the method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that further include dry field processing during the circulation Irrigation levels, shine
Field processing is before enough Miao Houzhi ear differentiation.
8. the method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the darkroom seedling, which is handled, includes:
Certified seed after clear water is impregnated be seeded into seedling raising ground substance be placed on imply room in carry out vernalization, to rice seedling cusp
Length is taken out after being unearthed；
Wherein, the humidity for implying room is greater than 90%, and temperature is 30-35 DEG C.
9. the method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the field is the field that preceding crop is vegetables.
10. the method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the soaked field of pouring water includes: with whole field processing is turned over
It behind normal irrigation soaked field, carries out turning over whole field within 3-4 days before transplanting, carries out fine earth after ploughing and rake, accomplish that field face is smooth, nothing
Stubble, mud are soft；
Wherein, crop field ploughing depth is in 15cm or more.
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