CN113854085B - Method for planting radix pseudostellariae and application - Google Patents
Method for planting radix pseudostellariae and application Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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Abstract
The method is characterized in that the method adopts an organic fertilizer combined with trichoderma or an organic fertilizer combined with trichoderma and field management topdressing to replace a chemical fertilizer method for planting, can reduce the occurrence of diseases of the radix pseudostellariae to a certain extent, further reduce the use amount of pesticides and improve the yield and quality of the radix pseudostellariae.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of planting of traditional Chinese medicinal materials, and particularly relates to a method for planting radix pseudostellariae and application of the method.
Background
The radix Pseudostellariae is derived from 'materia medica novelty', is the root tuber of Pseudostellaria heterophylla Heterophylla (Miquel) Pax of Caryophyllaceae, and has effects of invigorating qi, invigorating spleen, promoting fluid production and moistening lung [1] . Since 1963, the pseudostellaria root is recorded by the Chinese pharmacopoeia, so far, the pseudostellaria root is not only used as an important product of 'clear and tonify' and 'qi and yin tonifying' of qi tonics, but also is one of medicinal plants published by Wei Jian Wei and used for health-care foods. The radix pseudostellariae is originally produced in Fujian province, shandong province, anhui province and the like, the radix pseudostellariae is mainly taken as a medicine by a cultivated product nowadays, the cultivation history has been in nearly one hundred years so far, and the existing circulating medicinal material production mainly comes from Fujian Tuorong, guizhou Shi, guizhou Huangping, fujian quanzui Fengzao and other places [2-4] . Since the introduction of radix pseudostellariae in 1992, guizhou province has developed into the main production area of radix pseudostellariae in China due to the suitable habitat of Guizhou province, and the yield accounts for 60 percent of the market share [5] . However, with the increase of planting years, the application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides to radix pseudostellariae also causes the content of saponin and polysaccharide of the radix pseudostellariae to be obviously reduced in medicinal quality, which becomes an important problem for restraining the development of the radix pseudostellariae planting industry at present, particularly, the virus disease of the radix pseudostellariae often begins to erupt at the seedling stage and reaches the peak in the growth period, once the leaf of the plant is withered and appears in a spot shape, the plant growth is seriously influenced, the protection effect of the pesticide is not optimistic at present, and the risks of environmental pollution, pesticide residue increase and the like exist [6-8] 。
Chemical pesticides are usually the first choice for people in the prevention and treatment of plant diseases, but are often applied in excess during the use process, so that although the plant diseases are inhibited, a large amount of beneficial microorganisms in the environment are reduced, the agricultural ecosystem is damaged, and the long-term application of the chemical pesticides can continuously improve the pathogenic bacteria of plantsDrug resistance. Biological control is an important component of Integrated Pest Management (IPM), and is aimed at achieving sustainable agricultural development, and is receiving attention in agricultural production. The application of microbial antagonism in biological control is emphasized, and many microorganisms have been found to have biological control effect, and trichoderma is one of the microorganisms. Trichoderma inoculant as common agricultural biocontrol strain [9-11] The traditional Chinese medicine composition is used for preventing and treating damping-off, damping-off and epidemic diseases of traditional Chinese medicinal materials such as ginseng, american ginseng and the like at present, and has certain influence on quality and yield of the traditional Chinese medicinal materials [12-13] 。
The Chinese patent application in the prior art, application number: CN202110530056.8, title of the invention: the cultivation method for ecologically preventing and controlling the comprehensive diseases of the radix pseudostellariae comprises the following steps:
(1) Performing parameter processing; (2) soil treatment before planting; (3) layered three-dimensional fertilization: paving an organic fertilizer layer, a lower fine soil layer, a plant ash layer, a middle fine soil layer, a potassium sulfate composite fertilizer layer and an upper fine soil layer at the bottom of the trench after the soil treatment before the planting in the step (2) from bottom to top in sequence; the fertilizing amount of the organic fertilizer layer is 200 Kg/mu; the fertilizing amount of the plant ash layer is 50 Kg/mu; the fertilizing amount of the potassium sulfate composite fertilizer layer is 15 Kg/mu; (4) sowing: planting the breeding seeds processed in the step (1) in the furrows subjected to the layered and three-dimensional fertilization in the step (3). The bactericide used in the step (1) of ginseng treatment is prepared by mixing carbendazim suspending agent and water according to the ratio of 1:1200, mixing; the carbendazim suspending agent contains 50% of carbendazim by mass. Mixing 600 times of mixed liquor obtained by mixing the seed breeding materials treated in the step (1) with bacillus subtilis and trichoderma harzianum before sowing in the step (4), wherein 6g of mixed liquor is used for every 10kg of seed breeding materials, the concentration of the trichoderma harzianum and the bacillus subtilis in the mixed liquor is 10, and the effective viable count of the 600 times of mixed liquor of the bacillus subtilis and the trichoderma harzianum is more than or equal to 2 hundred million CFU/g. The method reduces diseases by 30-60% under the condition of greatly reducing the dosage of the radix pseudostellariae and the usage amount of the chemical fertilizer, so that the quality of the radix pseudostellariae is improved, and the yield can be increased by more than 20%. However, this method has the following drawbacks: (1) only using trichoderma as companion seeds, and not realizing the protection of trichoderma in the growth period, but not realizing the biological protection in the true sense; (2) the base fertilizer uses chemical fertilizer, and the incidence rate is high.
In order to realize green and ecological planting of the radix pseudostellariae, the radix pseudostellariae is planted in a mode of combining organic fertilizer, the organic fertilizer and trichoderma, combining the organic fertilizer and trichoderma and topdressing field management to replace a chemical fertilizer on the basis of the traditional fertilization level, and as a result, the yield and quality of the radix pseudostellariae can be improved by combining the organic fertilizer and the trichoderma and topdressing field management to replace the chemical fertilizer.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for planting radix pseudostellariae.
The invention also aims to provide application of the trichoderma preparation combined with an organic fertilizer in pseudostellaria heterophylla planting.
The method for planting the radix pseudostellariae comprises the following steps of:
1) Selecting land, preparing land and planting
Selecting soil with yellow soil, acidity and fertility and gentle slope, arranging the soil into cells, wherein each cell is 0.8-1.3 m wide, 0.3 m apart from each other and 8 m long, and the usage amount of organic fertilizer is 2000-4000 kg/hm 2 Sowing radix pseudostellariae according to the dosage of 64.85 jin of radix pseudostellariae;
2) Management of field
After seedling emergence, spraying trichoderma every 10-15 days or adding fertilizer after spraying trichoderma, artificially weeding, and harvesting after the radix pseudostellariae is mature.
Preferably, the using amount of the organic fertilizer is 2300-3700 kg/hm 2 。
Further preferably, the use amount of the organic fertilizer is 2600-3400 kg/hm 2 。
Further preferably, the using amount of the organic fertilizer is 3000kg/hm 2 。
The concentration of the trichoderma in the invention is 100 mg/L-500 mg/L, and 5L of trichoderma is applied to each cell.
Preferably, the trichoderma of the present invention has a concentration of 200mg/L, and 5L per cell.
Further preferably, the trichoderma of the present invention has a concentration of 300mg/L, administered 5L per cell.
The fertilizer of the invention has the following usage amount: 555kg/hm 2 。
The total nutrient of the fertilizer of the invention is more than or equal to 45 percent, and the ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus to potassium is = 15: 15.
The trichoderma preparation is applied to planting radix pseudostellariae in combination with an organic fertilizer.
The organic fertilizer provided by the invention is a conventional organic fertilizer, and does not need special treatment.
Advantageous effects
1. The problems existing in the prior art are as follows: (1) only trichoderma is used for companion seeds, the protection of trichoderma is not realized in the growth period, and the biological protection in the true sense cannot be realized; (2) the base fertilizer uses chemical fertilizer, and the incidence rate is high.
The invention solves the technical problem, and specifically comprises the following steps: (1) trichoderma is applied all the time in field management in the growing period, so that biological protection is really realized; (2) the base fertilizer does not use chemical fertilizers, and all the organic fertilizers are used, so that the morbidity is low; (3) the fertilizer is applied in a topdressing mode during field management, so that the yield and the quality of the radix pseudostellariae are improved.
2. On the basis of the traditional fertilization level, the yield and the quality of the radix pseudostellariae can be improved by combining the organic fertilizer with the trichoderma, combining the organic fertilizer with the trichoderma and field management topdressing to replace a chemical fertilizer, and combining the organic fertilizer with the trichoderma, combining the organic fertilizer with the trichoderma and field management topdressing to replace the chemical fertilizer.
3. Experiments show that the application of the organic fertilizer and the biological agent can effectively improve the medicinal material quality of the radix pseudostellariae, and the trichoderma agent with the concentration (300 mg/L) can reduce the disease of the radix pseudostellariae to a certain extent in the disease prevention process, so that the using amount of pesticide is reduced.
4. Experiments show that the trichoderma preparation used for increasing the yield has no obvious dose correlation, but the use results of the trichoderma preparation combined with organic fertilizer treatment and the trichoderma preparation combined with organic fertilizer topdressing treatment show that the trichoderma preparation with low concentration (100 mg/L) is used for increasing the yield in the same group of treatment, the topdressing group is obviously higher than the non-topdressing group, and the yield can still be increased compared with a chemical fertilizer planting group.
5. Experiments show that for improving the quality of radix pseudostellariae, the trichoderma agent and organic fertilizer combined treatment group has the best effect of promoting long-term phase with low concentration (100 mg/L), and the radix pseudostellariae quality improving effect with medium concentration (300 mg/L) after additional fertilization is applied is better; the concentration (300 mg/L) of the extract in the top dressing group is the highest.
Drawings
FIG. 1 incidence of viral disease in different treatment groups
Detailed Description
Example 1 method for planting radix Pseudostellariae
1) Selecting land, preparing land and planting
Selecting yellow soil, acid soil with moderate fertility and gentle slope, arranging the soil into cells, wherein each cell is 0.8-1.3 m wide, 0.3 m compartment distance and 8 m long, and the usage amount of organic fertilizer is 3000kg/hm 2 Sowing radix pseudostellariae according to the dosage of 64.85 jin of radix pseudostellariae;
2) Field management
Spraying trichoderma every 10-15 days after seedling emergence, wherein the concentration of the trichoderma is 300mg/L, 5L of the trichoderma is applied to each cell, or 555kg/hm of chemical fertilizer is supplemented after the trichoderma is sprayed 2 (total nutrient is more than or equal to 45 percent, and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are = 15: 15), weeding is carried out manually, and the pseudostellaria heterophylla is harvested after being mature.
Example 2 method for planting radix Pseudostellariae
1) Selecting land, preparing land and planting
Selecting soil with yellow soil, acidity and fertility and gentle slope, arranging the soil into cells, wherein each cell is 0.8-1.3 m wide, 0.3 m apart from each other and 8 m long, and the usage amount of organic fertilizer is 3000kg/hm 2 Sowing radix pseudostellariae according to the dosage of 64.85 jin of radix pseudostellariae;
2) Management of field
Spraying trichoderma every 10-15 days after seedling emergenceThe concentration is 100mg/L, 5L of the fertilizer is applied to each cell or 555kg/hm of chemical fertilizer is added after the trichoderma is sprayed 2 (total nutrient is more than or equal to 45 percent, and the ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus to potassium is = 15: 15), artificially weeding, and harvesting the radix pseudostellariae after the radix pseudostellariae is mature.
Example 3 method for planting radix Pseudostellariae
1) Selecting land, preparing land and planting
Selecting yellow soil, acid soil with moderate fertility and gentle slope, arranging the soil into cells, wherein each cell is 0.8-1.3 m wide, 0.3 m compartment distance and 8 m long, and the usage amount of organic fertilizer is 3000kg/hm 2 Sowing radix pseudostellariae according to the dosage of 64.85 jin of radix pseudostellariae;
2) Management of field
Spraying trichoderma every 10-15 days after seedling emergence, wherein the concentration of the trichoderma is 200mg/L, 5L of the trichoderma is applied to each community, or 555kg/hm of chemical fertilizer is supplemented after the trichoderma is sprayed 2 (total nutrient is more than or equal to 45 percent, and the ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus to potassium is = 15: 15), artificially weeding, and harvesting the radix pseudostellariae after the radix pseudostellariae is mature.
Example 4 method for planting radix Pseudostellariae
1) Selecting land, preparing land and planting
Selecting soil with yellow soil, acidity and fertility and gentle slope, arranging the soil into cells, wherein each cell is 0.8-1.3 m wide, 0.3 m apart from each other and 8 m long, and the usage amount of organic fertilizer is 3000kg/hm 2 Sowing radix pseudostellariae according to the dosage of 64.85 jin of radix pseudostellariae;
2) Management of field
Spraying trichoderma every 10-15 days after seedling emergence, wherein the concentration of the trichoderma is 400mg/L, 5L of the trichoderma is applied to each community, or 555kg/hm of chemical fertilizer is added after the trichoderma is sprayed 2 (total nutrient is more than or equal to 45 percent, and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are = 15: 15), weeding is carried out manually, and the pseudostellaria heterophylla is harvested after being mature.
Example 5 method for planting radix Pseudostellariae
1) Selecting land, preparing land and planting
Selecting soil with yellow soil, acidity and fertility and gentle slope, arranging the soil into cells, wherein each cell is 0.8-1.3 m wide, 0.3 m apart from each other and 8 m long, and the usage amount of organic fertilizer is 3000kg/hm 2 Sowing radix pseudostellariae according to the dosage of 64.85 jin of radix pseudostellariae;
2) Management of field
Spraying trichoderma every 10-15 days after seedling emergence, wherein the concentration of the trichoderma is 500mg/L, 5L of the trichoderma is applied to each community, or 555kg/hm of chemical fertilizer is supplemented after the trichoderma is sprayed 2 (total nutrient is more than or equal to 45 percent, and the ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus to potassium is = 15: 15), artificially weeding, and harvesting the radix pseudostellariae after the radix pseudostellariae is mature.
Example 6 method for planting radix Pseudostellariae
1) Selecting land, preparing land and planting
Selecting yellow soil, acid soil with moderate fertility and gentle slope, arranging the soil into cells, wherein each cell is 0.8-1.3 m wide, 0.3 m compartment distance and 8 m long, and the usage amount of organic fertilizer is 2000kg/hm 2 Sowing radix pseudostellariae according to the dosage of 64.85 jin of radix pseudostellariae;
2) Management of field
Spraying trichoderma every 10-15 days after seedling emergence, wherein the concentration of the trichoderma is 300mg/L, 5L of the trichoderma is applied to each community, or 555kg/hm of chemical fertilizer is supplemented after the trichoderma is sprayed 2 (total nutrient is more than or equal to 45 percent, and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are = 15: 15), weeding is carried out manually, and the pseudostellaria heterophylla is harvested after being mature.
Example 7 method for planting radix Pseudostellariae
1) Selecting land, preparing land and planting
Selecting soil with yellow soil, acidity and fertility and gentle slope, arranging the soil into cells, wherein each cell is 0.8-1.3 m wide, 0.3 m apart from each other and 8 m long, and the usage amount of organic fertilizer is 2000kg/hm 2 Sowing radix pseudostellariae according to the dosage of 64.85 jin of radix pseudostellariae;
2) Management of field
Spraying trichoderma every 10-15 days after seedling emergence, wherein the concentration of the trichoderma is 100mg/L, 5L of the trichoderma is applied to each community, or 555kg/hm of chemical fertilizer is supplemented after the trichoderma is sprayed 2 (total nutrient is more than or equal to 45 percent, and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are = 15: 15), weeding is carried out manually, and the pseudostellaria heterophylla is harvested after being mature.
Example 8 method for planting radix Pseudostellariae
1) Selecting land, preparing land and planting
Selecting yellow soil, acid soil with moderate fertility and gentle slope, arranging the soil into cells, wherein each cell is 0.8-1.3 m wide, 0.3 m compartment distance and 8 m long, and the usage amount of organic fertilizer is 2000kg/hm 2 Sowing radix pseudostellariae according to the dosage of 64.85 jin of radix pseudostellariae;
2) Field management
Spraying trichoderma every 10-15 days after seedling emergence, wherein the concentration of the trichoderma is 200mg/L, 5L of the trichoderma is applied to each cell, or 555kg/hm of chemical fertilizer is supplemented after the trichoderma is sprayed 2 (total nutrient is more than or equal to 45 percent, and the ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus to potassium is = 15: 15), artificially weeding, and harvesting the radix pseudostellariae after the radix pseudostellariae is mature.
Example 9 method for planting radix Pseudostellariae
1) Selecting land, preparing land and planting
Selecting soil with yellow soil, acidity and fertility and gentle slope, arranging the soil into cells, wherein each cell is 0.8-1.3 m wide, 0.3 m apart from each other and 8 m long, and the usage amount of organic fertilizer is 2000kg/hm 2 Sowing radix pseudostellariae according to the dosage of 64.85 jin of radix pseudostellariae;
2) Field management
Spraying trichoderma every 10-15 days after seedling emergence, wherein the concentration of the trichoderma is 400mg/L, 5L of the trichoderma is applied to each cell, or 555kg/hm of chemical fertilizer is supplemented after the trichoderma is sprayed 2 (total nutrient is more than or equal to 45 percent, and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are = 15: 15), weeding is carried out manually, and the pseudostellaria heterophylla is harvested after being mature.
Example 10 method for planting radix Pseudostellariae
1) Selecting land, preparing land and planting
Selecting soil with yellow soil, acidity and fertility and gentle slope, arranging the soil into cells, wherein each cell is 0.8-1.3 m wide, 0.3 m apart from each other and 8 m long, and the usage amount of organic fertilizer is 2000kg/hm 2 Sowing radix pseudostellariae according to the dosage of 64.85 jin of radix pseudostellariae;
2) Management of field
Spraying trichoderma every 10-15 days after seedling emergence, wherein the concentration of the trichoderma is 500mg/L, 5L of the trichoderma is applied to each community, or 555kg/hm of chemical fertilizer is supplemented after the trichoderma is sprayed 2 (Total nutrient)Not less than 45 percent, nitrogen to phosphorus to potassium =15 to 15), artificial weeding, and harvesting after the radix pseudostellariae is mature.
Example 11 method for planting radix Pseudostellariae
1) Selecting land, preparing land and planting
Selecting soil with yellow soil, acidity and fertility and gentle slope, arranging the soil into cells, wherein each cell is 0.8-1.3 m wide, 0.3 m apart from each other and 8 m long, and the usage amount of organic fertilizer is 4000kg/hm 2 Sowing radix pseudostellariae according to the dosage of 64.85 jin of radix pseudostellariae;
2) Management of field
Spraying trichoderma every 10-15 days after seedling emergence, wherein the concentration of the trichoderma is 300mg/L, 5L of the trichoderma is applied to each community, or 555kg/hm of chemical fertilizer is supplemented after the trichoderma is sprayed 2 (total nutrient is more than or equal to 45 percent, and the ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus to potassium is = 15: 15), artificially weeding, and harvesting the radix pseudostellariae after the radix pseudostellariae is mature.
Example 12 method for planting radix Pseudostellariae
1) Selecting land, preparing land and planting
Selecting soil with yellow soil, acidity and fertility and gentle slope, arranging the soil into cells, wherein each cell is 0.8-1.3 m wide, 0.3 m apart from each other and 8 m long, and the usage amount of organic fertilizer is 4000kg/hm 2 Sowing radix pseudostellariae according to the dosage of 64.85 jin of radix pseudostellariae;
2) Management of field
Spraying trichoderma every 10-15 days after seedling emergence, wherein the concentration of the trichoderma is 100mg/L, 5L of the trichoderma is applied to each cell, or 555kg/hm of chemical fertilizer is supplemented after the trichoderma is sprayed 2 (total nutrient is more than or equal to 45 percent, and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are = 15: 15), weeding is carried out manually, and the pseudostellaria heterophylla is harvested after being mature.
Example 13 method for planting radix Pseudostellariae
1) Selecting land, preparing land and planting
Selecting soil with yellow soil, acidity and fertility and gentle slope, arranging the soil into cells, wherein each cell is 0.8-1.3 m wide, 0.3 m apart from each other and 8 m long, and the usage amount of organic fertilizer is 4000kg/hm 2 Sowing radix pseudostellariae according to the dosage of 64.85 jin of radix pseudostellariae;
2) Management of field
Spraying trichoderma every 10-15 days after seedling emergence, wherein the concentration of the trichoderma is 200mg/L, 5L of the trichoderma is applied to each community, or 555kg/hm of chemical fertilizer is supplemented after the trichoderma is sprayed 2 (total nutrient is more than or equal to 45 percent, and the ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus to potassium is = 15: 15), artificially weeding, and harvesting the radix pseudostellariae after the radix pseudostellariae is mature.
Example 14 method for planting radix Pseudostellariae
1) Selecting land, preparing land and planting
Selecting soil with yellow soil, acidity and fertility and gentle slope, arranging the soil into cells, wherein each cell is 0.8-1.3 m wide, 0.3 m apart from each other and 8 m long, and the usage amount of organic fertilizer is 4000kg/hm 2 Sowing radix pseudostellariae according to the dosage of 64.85 jin of radix pseudostellariae;
2) Management of field
Spraying trichoderma every 10-15 days after seedling emergence, wherein the concentration of the trichoderma is 400mg/L, 5L of the trichoderma is applied to each community, or 555kg/hm of chemical fertilizer is added after the trichoderma is sprayed 2 (total nutrient is more than or equal to 45 percent, and the ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus to potassium is = 15: 15), artificially weeding, and harvesting the radix pseudostellariae after the radix pseudostellariae is mature.
Example 15 method for planting radix Pseudostellariae
1) Selecting land, preparing land and planting
Selecting soil with yellow soil, acidity and fertility and gentle slope, arranging the soil into cells, wherein each cell is 0.8-1.3 m wide, 0.3 m apart from each other and 8 m long, and the usage amount of organic fertilizer is 4000kg/hm 2 Sowing radix pseudostellariae according to the dosage of 64.85 jin of radix pseudostellariae;
2) Management of field
Spraying trichoderma every 10-15 days after seedling emergence, wherein the concentration of the trichoderma is 500mg/L, 5L of the trichoderma is applied to each community, or 555kg/hm of chemical fertilizer is supplemented after the trichoderma is sprayed 2 (total nutrient is more than or equal to 45 percent, and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are = 15: 15), weeding is carried out manually, and the pseudostellaria heterophylla is harvested after being mature.
In order to further verify the effectiveness of the invention, a series of experiments are carried out, specifically as follows:
experimental example:
1 purpose
The method is characterized in that the influence on the growth condition and the quality of medicinal materials of the radix pseudostellariae under different cultivation modes is monitored by designing an organic fertilizer and trichoderma fungicide in combination with an organic fertilizer application mode, so that a radix pseudostellariae cultivation mode for reducing the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides is explored.
2 method
Data statistics is carried out on the incidence rate of virus diseases of the radix pseudostellariae in field experiments and the fresh weight, dry weight, appearance characters, dry yield and extract content of harvested medicinal materials through SPSS 22.0 software, influences of different cultivation modes on the growth condition and the quality of the medicinal materials of the radix pseudostellariae are analyzed, and feasibility of the method is verified.
3 materials and methods
3.1 test materials
The variety to be tested is the radix pseudostellariae planted in Huangping county of Guizhou province for many years. Fertilizer test: yibaiyi composite trichoderma agent (Yibaiyi biotechnology limited, guizhou, effective viable count is more than or equal to 2 x 10 8 Per gram); western compound fertilizer (Guizhou Western fertilizer industry Co., ltd., total nutrient of more than or equal to 45%, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium = 15: 15); phosphate fertilizer (calcium magnesium phosphate, jiangxi Jiangjiang phosphate fertilizer Co., ltd., nutrient content is more than or equal to 12%); potash fertilizer (potassium sulfate, jiangsu Temmine fertilizer Co., ltd., potassium oxide is more than or equal to 50 percent).
3.2 general description of the test
The test is set in a golden grass sea medicinal material planting base of the world, the river town of wild cave, the yellow and the plain county, guizhou province, and belongs to the subtropical monsoon humid climate, the annual average temperature is 16 ℃, the frost-free period is 255-394 d, and the annual precipitation is 1060-1200 mm. The test field is continuous cropping for 2 years. The soil is yellow soil which is acidic and moderate in fertility, and the topography is a gentle slope.
3.3 test design and field management
The experiment was set with a total of 9 treatments, CK: no base fertilizer is applied; MC (habitual fertilizer application control group): 750kg/hm 2 Compound fertilizer 550kg/hm 2 150kg/hm of phosphate fertilizer 2 A potassium fertilizer; OL: an organic fertilizer using and treating group, wherein the using amount of the organic fertilizer is 3000kg/hm 2 (ii) a The treatment group A is an organic fertilizer application group combined with a microbial inoculum, and the usage amount of the organic fertilizer is 3000kg/hm 2 Three microbial inoculum is setConcentrations, A1 (100 mg/L), A2 (300 mg/L), A3 (500 mg/L); the B treatment group is a fertilizer applying and supplementing group combining an organic fertilizer with a microbial inoculum, and the usage amount of the organic fertilizer is as follows: 3000kg/hm 2 The fertilizer is supplemented with the following amount: 555kg/hm 2 Three concentrations, B1 (100 mg/L), B2 (300 mg/L) and B3 (500 mg/L), were set for the microbial inoculum. Each treatment is repeated for 3 times, total 27 cells are arranged randomly, the area of each cell is 20m & lt 2 & gt, each cell is provided with 2 compartments, the width of each compartment is about 1.1 m, the compartment distance is 0.3 m, and the length is 8 m. Seeding in 12 months in 2019; artificial weeding is carried out 1 time in 3, 4 and 6 middle months of 2020.
3.4 survey sampling
3 times of dynamic investigation statistics are carried out on the incidence rate of the virus diseases of the radix pseudostellariae in 3-month and 8-day, 3-month and 21-day and 4-month and 5-day in 2020; harvesting root tuber in 7 months and 15 days, and randomly selecting 21 m root tubers in each cell 2 And (4) carrying out disease investigation statistics, measuring yield, converting the yield, calculating and evaluating commodity quality, and calculating the extract content according to a pharmacopoeia method.
4 results and analysis
4.1 Effect of different fertilization treatments on dynamic morbidity of radix Pseudostellariae virus diseases
Compared with a blank Control (CK), a model control (OL) and a positive control (MC) (see table 1 and figure 1), the three-month average incidence rate of the trichoderma A and B treatment groups is 7.90 percent, 7.63 percent and the incidence rates of the CK (9.09 percent), the MC (17.03 percent) and the OL (9.43 percent) respectively, and the incidence rate of the radix pseudostellariae of the A treatment group is reduced by 1.19 percent, 9.13 percent and 1.53 percent respectively compared with the incidence rates of the CK, the MC and the OL; the incidence of the radix pseudostellariae in the B treatment group is respectively reduced by 1.46 percent, 9.40 percent and 1.80 percent compared with the incidence of CK, MC and OL; compared with the group A and the group B, the incidence rate of the group B is lower, the incidence rate of the group B2 is the lowest, the incidence rate of the group MC is far higher than that of the group CK and the group OL, and the incidence rate of samples obtained by sampling at each time point is obviously reduced compared with that of the group MC, the group CK and the group OL.
TABLE 1 incidence of viral diseases of Pseudostellaria heterophylla Miq of different treatment groups
4.2 influence of different fertilization treatments on fresh weight and dry rate of radix Pseudostellariae
According to the experience in the standard research on the commodity specification and grade of radix pseudostellariae and the characteristic that the root tuber of radix pseudostellariae is always in a spindle shape or a strip shape, 3 indexes including length, quality and drying rate are selected for external quality analysis of the radix pseudostellariae in the experiment.
Fresh weight and corresponding dry weight are weighed by digging one square meter land blocks in a test land, the dry breaking rate is calculated, 6 blocks are randomly selected for each group to carry out yield estimation analysis statistics, and the experimental result is shown in table 2. The trichoderma low-concentration fertilizer supplementing treatment group (B1) is a group with the largest fresh weight in each treatment group, the average value of the fresh weight is 507.682g, the average value of the dry weight is 120.586g, the fresh weight CK is 100.7275g, and the dry weight is 19.08g; the fresh weight of MC was 667.155g, the dry weight was 181.776g, the fresh weight of OL was 395.47g, and the dry weight was 105.202g. The fresh weights of the trichoderma A and trichoderma B treatment groups and the CK blank group, the MC conventional chemical fertilizer treatment group and the OL organic fertilizer treatment group are 1-2 times of those of the CK blank group (a comparison group), the fresh weights of the trichoderma A and trichoderma B treatment groups and the radix pseudostellariae are less than those of the MC conventional chemical fertilizer treatment group, and the fresh weights of the trichoderma A and trichoderma B treatment groups and the radix pseudostellariae are slightly more than those of the OL organic fertilizer treatment group; the fresh weight of the radix pseudostellariae of the treatment group B is 2-3 times that of the treatment group A.
According to the dry weight conditions of the A and B trichoderma treatment groups and CK, MC and OL, the dry weight of the A and B trichoderma treatment groups radix pseudostellariae is 2-8 times that of CK, the dry weight of the A and B trichoderma treatment groups radix pseudostellariae is less than that of MC, the dry weight of the A and B trichoderma treatment groups radix pseudostellariae is slightly more than that of OL, and the dry weight of the B treatment group radix pseudostellariae is 2-3 times that of the A treatment group; data analysis of CK, A1, A2 and A3 shows that the yield of the radix pseudostellariae can be improved to a certain extent by applying Trichoderma singly, but the improvement amplitude is small, data analysis of CK, B1, B2 and B3 shows that the yield of the radix pseudostellariae can be obviously improved by additionally supplementing fertilizer while applying Trichoderma, data analysis of OL, B1, B2 and B3 shows that the yield of the radix pseudostellariae can be obviously improved by additionally supplementing fertilizer while applying Trichoderma, and comparison of a treatment group and MC shows that the yield is not ideal.
The drying rate of the radix pseudostellariae of the CK blank group (the comparison group) is smaller than that of the A and B trichoderma treatment groups, and the MC conventional chemical fertilizer treatment group and the OL organic fertilizer treatment group; A. the drying rate of the radix pseudostellariae of the trichoderma reesei treating group (ecological planting group) B is less than that of the MC conventional chemical fertilizer treating group, the drying rate of the radix pseudostellariae of the trichoderma reesei treating group A and the trichoderma reesei treating group B (ecological planting group) are less than that of the OL organic fertilizer treating group, and the drying rate of the radix pseudostellariae of the B treating group is lower than that of the A treating group; the drying rate of the radix pseudostellariae planted this time is below 33%.
TABLE 2 fresh weight, dry weight and dry rate table of radix Pseudostellariae of different treatment groups
4.3 influence of different fertilization treatments on radix Pseudostellariae root tuber quality
When the commodity characters of the dried radix pseudostellariae products of different treatment groups are distinguished, the dried radix pseudostellariae products are divided into a long product phase (A: more than 6 cm), a medium product phase (B: 3-6 cm) and a short product phase (C: less than 3 cm) according to the actual sample condition, the number of the radix pseudostellariae of the length, the medium product phase and the short product phase of the radix pseudostellariae of each treatment group is counted and converted into percentage to objectively evaluate the influence of each treatment group on the commodity characters of the radix pseudostellariae, and the table 3 shows. The results show that the length of the radix pseudostellariae root tuber of the trichoderma harzianum treatment group A and the trichoderma harzianum treatment group B (ecological planting group) is better than that of other treatment groups, the length (larger than 6 cm) and middle (3-6 cm) ratios of the radix pseudostellariae root tuber are higher, the root tuber of the radix pseudostellariae root tuber of the CK treatment group with the short length grade is the most, and the external quality is poorer. The length accounts for the following parts from high to low: a1> B2> A3> B3> MC > -B1 > -A2 > -CK > -OL, so that the pseudostellaria root commodity characters can be optimized by using trichoderma, the effect of promoting growth of the pseudostellaria root is better by a non-fertilizer supplementing group, and the application concentration of the trichoderma is not obviously related; compared with the medium length, the occupied proportion is as follows from high to low: a1> MC > B1> B3> OL > B2> A3> A2> CK; the short radix pseudostellariae with poor quality accounts for the following proportion sequence: CK > A2> OL > A3> B2> B3> MC > B1> A1, and proves that trichoderma has a remarkable effect on growth of radix pseudostellariae, and has a certain effect of promoting and prolonging.
Table 3 percentage of the total weight of the treatment groups (%) -by length
4.4 influence of different fertilization treatments on the quality of radix Pseudostellariae medicinal materials
Compared with a blank Control (CK), a model control (OL) and a positive control group (MC), the influence of different products on the content of the components of the pseudostellaria heterophylla pharmacopoeia index is objectively evaluated, and the test results show that (shown in table 4) the extract content of each treatment group accords with the pharmacopoeia regulations and is more than 25%, the extract content is 32.89% of the MC fertilizer treatment group with the minimum extract content, 35.81% of the OL organic fertilizer treatment group, 46.25% of the B2 treatment group with the highest extract content and 40.62% higher than the MC content, and the extract content of the Trichoderma treatment group is generally more than 40%, so that the Trichoderma can promote the improvement of the pseudostellaria heterophylla quality to a certain extent.
TABLE 4 content of extract of radix Pseudostellariae of different treatment groups
5 overview
In the theory of viral disease control, it is believed that viral diseases are diseases caused by parasitic plant viruses. It has strong specificity in host cell, and only one kind of virus can infect one kind or some plants. Generally, plant viruses are active only in vivo in a host; only a few plant viruses can keep activity in disease plant residues for days, months or even years, and the disease of the radix pseudostellariae virus disease is obvious in continuous cropping plots. The use of the trichoderma in the concentration (300 mg/L) in the disease prevention process can assist an organic fertilizer to reduce the occurrence of the pseudostellaria virus diseases to a certain extent, probably because trichoderma has strong vitality and rapid growth and reproduction, can inhibit the reproduction of pathogenic bacteria in an ecologically dominant mode, has extremely high utilization rate on limited nutrient substances and limited living space, can generate chemical substances for antagonizing plant pathogenic bacteria in the life activity process of the trichoderma, comprises volatile acetaldehyde and non-volatile antibacterial peptide, collodion, trichoderma, chlordine, viridin and trichoderma, and can prevent the occurrence of the virus diseases from multiple angles.
The yield of the trichoderma fungicide with low concentration (100 mg/L) is improved to the highest extent in the same group of treatment, and the growth effect of long-product ginseng strips is promoted to be good. More noteworthy, in the aspect of improving the quality of medicinal materials, compared with a simple organic fertilizer treatment group and a habitual fertilizer use group, the trichoderma agent has obviously improved extract content, and compared with a blank group, other treatment groups have no obvious difference, and after being treated by the trichoderma agent, the extract content of the trichoderma agent is closer to that of the radix pseudostellariae in a natural growth state without using pesticides and fertilizers. In the non-fertilizer-supplementation treatment group, the extract content of the trichoderma agent is in a descending trend along with the increase of the concentration of the trichoderma agent, and in the fertilizer-supplementation treatment group, the middle concentration is the maximum value of the extract content. The phenomenon may occur because the trichoderma harzianum affects the growth of plants, which is also equivalent to a plant stimulator, can produce phytotoxic components to inhibit the growth of plants and hormone to promote the growth of plants, especially can induce plants to generate resistance, while the medicinal effective components of the traditional Chinese medicine are secondary metabolites, so the trichoderma harzianum can stimulate the effect, and an induction mechanism for improving the extract of the medicinal materials can be generated on the basis of combining nutrient growth supply.
In the planting process of the radix pseudostellariae organic fertilizer combined with the biological microbial inoculum, the finding that only applying the organic fertilizer without using a chemical fertilizer has certain influence on the yield of the radix pseudostellariae is found, so that the research on the suitable application ratio of the organic fertilizer and the chemical fertilizer of the radix pseudostellariae is increased in the next research process, and the research on biological disease prevention of the radix pseudostellariae is carried out by combining various biological microbial inocula.
Conclusion 6
Different evaluation indexes are comprehensively analyzed by the experiment, so that the quality of the radix pseudostellariae medicinal material can be effectively improved by applying the organic fertilizer and the biological bactericide, and the trichoderma bactericide with the concentration of 300mg/L can be used in the disease prevention process to reduce the disease occurrence of the radix pseudostellariae to a certain extent, so that the using amount of pesticide is reduced; the trichoderma agents are used for increasing the yield, dose correlation is not obvious, but the use results of trichoderma agent combined organic fertilizer treatment and trichoderma agent combined organic fertilizer topdressing treatment show that the yield increasing range is maximum when the trichoderma agents with low concentration (100 mg/L) are used in the same group of treatment, the topdressing group is obviously higher than the non-topdressing group, and the yield can still be increased compared with a fertilizer planting group; for improving the quality of radix pseudostellariae, the trichoderma agent and organic fertilizer combined treatment group has the best effect of promoting long-term phase with low concentration (100 mg/L), and the medium concentration (300 mg/L) after top dressing is applied has a better effect of promoting the quality of radix pseudostellariae; the extract content in the top dressing group is the highest with concentration (300 mg/L). According to different evaluation indexes, the use of the organic fertilizer is beneficial to reduction of the drug content and improvement of the quality of the radix pseudostellariae, the trichoderma needs to be selected at different concentrations according to requirements, the preferred concentration is 100-300mg/L, and the quality of the medicinal material can be obviously improved by combining the application of the trichoderma.
Reference documents
[1] National pharmacopoeia committee, chinese pharmacopoeia [ S ]. Part a, beijing chinese pharmaceutical science and technology press: 2020;69.
[2] song Jianping, zeng Yan Lian, liu standard Red, etc. the ecological environment analysis of Taizi Shen Tao-genuine region [ J ]. Shizhen national medicine, 2008,19 (12): 3028-3029.
[3] The Chinese traditional medicine journal, 2013, 38 (6) is: 812.
[4] kangheizhi, zhou Tao, guo lan Nu, etc. St. Pseudostellaria heterophylla Commodity specification and Standard research [ J ] Chinese traditional medicine journal, 2014, 39 (15): 2873.
[5] the Chinese medicinal materials of honeysuckle flower, wolfberry fruit, isatis root and pseudostellaria root are used as example [ J ] Chinese herbal medicine, 2020,51 (06): 1669-1676.
[6] The influence of continuous cropping years on the yield and quality of radix pseudostellariae [ J ] Guizhou agricultural science, 2010,38 (10): 61-63.
[7] Linyanhua, zhoushun, chenguan torch, research on the allelopathic and self-toxic action of radix pseudostellariae [ J ] Chinese medicinal materials, 2019,42 (04): 709-714.
[8] Wudan, zhao Li, pang Wen Sheng, etc. the analysis and determination of phenolic acid self-toxic matter in radix Pseudostellariae rhizosphere soil [ J ] Chinese national folk medicine, 2017,26 (24): 32-34.
[9] Gao Ke Xiang, liu Xiao Guang, guo Ruan Fang, etc. the action of Trichoderma on the parasitism of five plant pathogenic fungi [ J ]. Proceedings of Shandong university of agriculture (Nature science edition), 2002 (01): 37-42.
[10] Gaokreing, wangshhong, liu Xiao Guang, li Jing, ma Chang shui Trichoderma strain T _ (88) antagonism to 7 pathogenic fungi [ J ]. Hebei Lin Guo research, 1999 (02): 61-64.
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Although the invention has been described in detail hereinabove by way of general description, specific embodiments and experiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications and improvements can be made thereto based on the invention. Accordingly, such modifications and improvements are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (2)
1. A method for planting radix pseudostellariae, comprising the steps of:
1) Selecting land, preparing land and planting
Selecting soil with yellow soil, acidity and fertility and gentle slope, arranging the soil into cells, wherein each cell is 0.8-1.3 m wide, 0.3 m apart from each other and 8 m long, and the usage amount of organic fertilizer is 3000kg/hm 2 Sowing radix pseudostellariae according to the dosage of 64.85 jin of radix pseudostellariae;
2) Field management
Spraying trichoderma after seedling emergence or adding a chemical fertilizer after spraying trichoderma, manually weeding, harvesting after the radix pseudostellariae is mature, spraying trichoderma every 10-15 days, wherein the concentration of the trichoderma is 100-300mg/L, 5L is applied in each cell, and the using amount of the chemical fertilizer and the fertilizer is as follows: 555kg/hm 2 The total nutrient of the fertilizer is more than or equal to 45 percent, and the ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus to potassium is 15: 15.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the trichoderma preparation is applied in combination with an organic fertilizer to the planting of pseudostellaria heterophylla.
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