CN102523777B - Soil blackness fallow improvement method for ginseng planting on non-forest lands - Google Patents
Soil blackness fallow improvement method for ginseng planting on non-forest lands Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a ginseng planting technology, in particular to a soil blackness fallow improvement method for ginseng planting on non-forest lands. The soil blackness fallow improvement method is implemented in a fallow manner mainly through the following steps of plowing, carrying out rotary tillage, applying organic fertilizers, farmyard manures and green manures, and carrying out soil disinfection in the fallow process. An organic matter content of the soil is increased, so that a soil environment which is similar under forests is realized, therefore the nutrients required for ginseng growth are met, the soil guarantee is provided for ginseng planting on the non-forest lands, and the ginseng non-forest land production is facilitated. The soil blackness fallow improvement method has the advantages of effectively protecting ecological environment, powerfully improving land utilization efficiency, solving the problems that pesticide residues and a heavy metal content are out of limits in the conventional ginseng planting process, and ensuring ginseng crude drug product quality.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of ginseng planting's technology, i.e. non-forestry land ginseng planting's soil black leisure improvement method.
Background technology
In the prior art, genseng (Panax ginseng C.A.Mey.) is the dry root of Araliaceae herbaceos perennial genseng, blooms 5～6 annual bearings in common 3 years.The weather that happiness is shady and cool, moistening grows in the theropencedrymion or shaw of the little height above sea level of day and night temperature gentle slope, 500～1100 meters mountain regions or slope land more, is rare traditional Chinese medicine.Sweet, the little hardship of nature and flavor.Have tepor, tonifying Qi, give birth to functions such as Feng calms the nerves, beneficial gas.The artificial planting ginseng of China is with a long history, and the genseng of traditional artificial planting is commonly referred to as " garden ginsent ", and the how one band plantation of going up a slope in China Jilin Province takes the deforestation of bionical attitude to plant.But because traditional deforestation plants ginseng and brought serious destruction to ecotope, ecological and Community health, orderly, efficient, harmonious sustainable development have been had a strong impact on.
The non-forestry land ginseng planting is a kind of cenospecies implant model that changes the conventional ginseng cropping pattern, the ginseng planting is transferred to non-woods level land by the sylvan life mountain region, the farmland that mainly with the preceding crop is corn or soybean is main, select from the soil, soil detects, soil melioration is used to the selection of the used fertilizer of improving the soil, arrive the application of each production link key technology again, make goods etc. until genseng, all carry out in strict accordance with the production operation rules of traditional Chinese medicine GAP quality of production management regulation and standard, by setting up standard practice instructions and track record, each step accomplishes to quantize examination, tracking is traced to the source, and each link of keeping under strict control is guaranteed the quality of production safety of non-forestry land genseng.Country pays much attention to the Chinese medicine industry development now, actively pushes forward industrialization of Chinese medicine, modernization construction, sustainable development for development Jilin Province these specialty industries of genseng, development non-forestry land ginseng planting, it is extremely urgent providing high-quality to join well, how to improve farmland plantation genseng and is necessary very much.
The used soil of non-forestry land ginseng planting is compared with the used soil of conventional ginseng cropping pattern, the soil organic matter content of non-forestry land is few, fertility is poor, easily harden, moisture retaining, hold fertilizer, ventilation, poor performance such as permeable, buffer capacity to variations in temperature and drought and waterlogging is low, and this is that nonforest soil is unfavorable for the subject matter that genseng grows.Yet, there is not the non-forestry land ginseng planting black fallow soil improvement method of a cover system so far, not enough for the ploughing depth of soil, the content of organic matter does not reach requirement, and the not enough standard of soil disinfection institute with medicament does not reach the desirable planting effect of genseng.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is provides a kind of suitable standardized planting, better, the raising soil organic matter content of reclamation result at above-mentioned deficiency, is conducive to ginseng planting's non-forestry land ginseng planting's soil black leisure improvement method.
Technical solution of the present invention is: black leisure mainly is in the leisure process for a kind of mode that soil lies fallow, through turn over, rotary tillage, a kind of leisure mode of application of organic fertilizers, farmyard manure, green manure, soil disinfection.
Non-forestry land ginseng planting's soil black leisure improvement method, its step is as follows:
(1) turns over: since mid-April, turned in the soil, before making bed, finish to turn over; The degree of depth of at every turn ploughing will reach 15-60cm, is preferably 45-50cm, closes on the direction of turning over for twice and wants shape to have a certain degree;
(2) rotary tillage: carry out 1-2 rotary tillage in application of organic fertilizers, adjusting pH value or before using soil disinfectant, to carry out smooth to the plot of turning over.
(3) use dry straw: dry straw is ground into 3-20cm section shape, in early April, is sprinkled into the stalk after the pulverizing after the soil rotary tillage;
(4) application of organic fertilizers: in the early July of lying fallow then, use content of organic matter height, the less fertilizer of nitrogen content, specifically be to use the fertilizer (Jian-Yisheng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Jilin discloses on sale, and the content of organic matter is more than 45%) that contains wood chip, stalk or chicken manure.
Turn over once every 2-3 day in step (1), the number of times of turning over will reach 9-20 time.If run into rainy weather, more than 2-3 day at interval, wait until that soil parches just can turn over.
The dry straw sowing amount will be determined according to the rank of soil organic matter content in step (3); Specifically:
It is 50-200kg/ mu that soil organic matter content reaches 2 grades plot sowing amount;
It is 200-400kg/ mu that soil organic matter content reaches 3 grades plot sowing amount;
The sowing amount that soil organic matter content reaches 4 grades of plot is 400-600kg/ mu;
It is 500-700kg/ mu that soil organic matter content reaches 5 grades plot sowing amount;
The sowing amount that soil organic matter content reaches 6 grades of plot is 700-1300kg/ mu.
Preferably:
It is 80-180kg/ mu that soil organic matter content reaches 2 grades plot sowing amount;
It is 200-350kg/ mu that soil organic matter content reaches 3 grades plot sowing amount;
The sowing amount that soil organic matter content reaches 4 grades of plot is 400-500kg/ mu;
It is 500-650kg/ mu that soil organic matter content reaches 5 grades plot sowing amount;
The sowing amount that soil organic matter content reaches 6 grades of plot is 700-1200kg/ mu.
Organic manure application rate is to determine according to soil organic matter content and the fertilizer content of organic matter in step (4); If the fertilizer content of organic matter is 45%, then:
When soil organic matter content reached three grades, organic manure application rate was 2-3 ton/mu;
When soil organic matter content reached level Four, organic manure application rate was 4 tons/mu;
When soil organic matter content reached Pyatyi, organic manure application rate was 5-6 ton/mu;
When soil organic matter content reached six grades, organic manure application rate was 7-8 ton/mu.
Also comprise soil acidity or alkalinity pH value is adjusted to 5.0-7.0, or optimum range is 5.5-6.0; Add lime or humic acid substance; Lime is to apply fertilizer and turning over after 1-3 time, in being manured into soil, and continues to turn over again; During humic acid substance can together be manured into soil with fertilizer.
Also comprise soil disinfection, soil disinfection method is based on pharmacy disinfection, and disinfection by ultraviolet light is auxilliary, and carries out in conjunction with turning over.
Comprise that also bacteria agent uses; Behind the ginseng planting, in 1 year spring, spray bacteria agent; Spraying of bacteria agent will be carried out after using soil disinfectant.Microbial inoculum is that (market is on sale for bacillus subtilis, EM microbial inoculum, Trichoderma harzianum or mycorrhizal fungi, be the public offering of bacillus subtilis our company as microbial inoculum, EM microbial inoculum Tonghua Wanying Bio-Tech Co., Ltd. produces, and the large Bioisystech Co., Ltd in source, Trichoderma harzianum Shanghai is on sale.)。
The nonforest soil content of organic matter at 3-5 level, the bulk density of soil at 0.80-1.50g/cm
3Between, the soil of maximum water-storage capacity between 19-60%, select for use black leisure improvement method to improve.
Method for optimizing is: plant ginseng and do not plant any crop the previous year, apply the pulverizing dry straw in early April, begin simultaneously to turn over; Early August, after rotary tillage 1-2 time, apply fertilizer, and continue to turn over; Mid or late September is carried out soil disinfection after carrying out 1-2 rotary tillage, and continues to turn over to making bed; Carry out the whole year turning over for 10-15 time; The soil organic matter reaches level Four, and the fertilizer content of organic matter is 40%, and this plot fertilizer usage amount is 4 tons/mu; The soil organic matter reaches three grades, and this fertilizer usage amount is 3 tons/mu.
Advantage of the present invention is: 1, by soil is turned over, rotary tillage, methods such as application of organic fertilizers have increased soil organic matter content, realization is similar to the soil environment of sylvan life, satisfy the genseng required nutrient of growing, for the non-forestry land ginseng planting provides the soil guarantee, be conducive to the production of genseng non-forestry land.2, can preserve the ecological environment effectively, effectively improve the utilization ratio in soil, and can solve agricultural residual, content of beary metal in the conventional ginseng planting process problem that exceeds standard, guarantee genseng crude drug product quality.
Describe in further detail below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention of embodiment.
Embodiment
Non-forestry land ginseng planting's soil black leisure improvement method, its step is as follows:
1 soil condition
The nonforest soil content of organic matter at 3-5 level, the bulk density of soil at 0.80-1.50g/cm
3Between, the soil of maximum water-storage capacity between 19-60%, select for use black leisure improvement method to improve.
2 concrete implementation steps
2.1 turn over
2.1.1 purpose
Because the effective soil layer of nonforest soil is shallow than the forest land, and has a long way to go.Soil is ploughed deeply, both can be carried out disinfection by ultraviolet light to soil, make soil-ripening, more can increase the effective soil layer degree of depth of nonforest soil.
2.1.2 method
Since mid-April, turned in the soil, before making bed, finish to turn over.The degree of depth of at every turn ploughing will reach 15-60cm, closes on the direction of turning over for twice and wants shape to have a certain degree.Turn over once every 2-3 day, the number of times of turning over will reach 9-20 time.
2.1.3 attention: a. will increase the number of times of turning over as much as possible in strong month at sunshine; B. must not plough at every turn leave over the dead angle.C. carrying out plot that soil turns over should be dry and comfortable, not muddy.
2.2 rotary tillage
2.2.1 purpose
Rotary tillage is smooth for the plot of turning over is carried out, in order to soil is carried out other ameliorative measures.
2.2.2 method
Generally before application of organic fertilizers, adjusting pH value, use soil disinfectant, carry out 1-2 rotary tillage.The soil rotary tillage be conducive to fertilizer, soil disinfectant evenly, apply in right amount.
2.2.3 attention: a. carries out the plot of soil rotary tillage should be dry and comfortable, not muddy.B. each rotary tillage must not be left over the dead angle.
2.3 use dry straw
2.3.1 material is prepared:
(it is high and the crops straw of certain content of starch is arranged to be generally fiber contents such as corn, soybean, is not limited thereto with dry straw.) be ground into 3-20cm section shape.
2.3.2 use
2.3.2.1 time of application
Generally in early April, after soil becomes civilized, be sprinkled into the stalk after the pulverizing.
2.3.2.2 application process
After the soil rotary tillage, with manure spreader the dry straw of pulverizing is evenly applied.
2.3.2.3 use quantity
Sowing amount will be determined according to the rank of soil organic matter content.Whole nation soil organic matter content classification sees attached list 1.
Example: according to every mu of 666.67m
2Calculate, it is 80-180kg/ mu that soil organic matter content reaches 2 grades plot sowing amount; It is 200-350kg/ mu that soil organic matter content reaches 3 grades plot sowing amount; The sowing amount that soil organic matter content reaches 4 grades of plot is 400-500kg/ mu; It is 500-650kg/ mu that soil organic matter content reaches 5 grades plot sowing amount; The sowing amount that soil organic matter content reaches 6 grades of plot is 700-1200kg/ mu; (soil organic matter content reaches more than 2 grades, can not use stalk).
2.3.2.4 use the back management
After the dry straw that crushes applied, continue to turn over.Turn over and to ask for an interview to 2.1.
2.4 application of organic fertilizers
2.4.1 purpose
Application of organic fertilizers can improve organic matter and the effective nutrient composition content in the soil, can also play the increase soil porosity, regulates effects such as soil pH value and microenvironment.
2.4.2 the selection of fertilizer
Must be strict to the fertilizer breed selection, select content of organic matter height, the less fertilizer of nitrogen content for use.The fertilizer that contains wood chip, stalk or chicken manure is best choice.(this type of organic commercial fertilizer is on sale on the market)
2.4.3 fertilizing method
Leisure then early July, with manure spreader fertilizer is evenly applied.
2.4.4 amount of application is determined
The usage amount of fertilizer is determined according to soil organic matter content and the fertilizer content of organic matter.
Example: if the fertilizer content of organic matter is 45%, when soil organic matter content reached three grades, organic manure application rate was 2-3 ton/mu; When soil organic matter content reached level Four, organic manure application rate was 4 tons/mu; When soil organic matter content reached Pyatyi, organic manure application rate was 5-6 ton/mu; When soil organic matter content reached six grades, organic manure application rate was 7-8 ton/mu.
2.4.5 use the back management
After applying fertilizer, continue soil is turned over, turning over requires with 2.1.
2.5 acid-base value (pH value) is regulated
2.5.1 purpose
The soil environment pH value scope of genseng energy normal growth is 5.0-7.0, and optimum range is 5.5-6.0.The nonforest soil great majority all belong to serious acid ground now, and the pH value is between 4.0-5.4.In order to build the soil environment that is fit to the genseng growth, before plantation, to carry out acid-base value to soil and regulate.
2.5.2 the selection of conditioning agent
According to the concrete pH value of soil, an amount of adding lime, humic acid substance.
2.5.3 application process
Lime is to apply fertilizer and turning over after 1-3 time, in being manured into soil, and continues to turn over again; During humic acid substance can together be manured into soil with fertilizer.
2.6 soil disinfection
2.6.1 approach
The soil disinfection method that adopts is based on pharmacy disinfection, and disinfection by ultraviolet light is auxilliary.Two kinds of disinfection way carry out in conjunction with turning over.
2.6.2 the selection of medicament
The medicament of selecting for use must be bactericide efficient, low toxicity.Or the microbe metabolite product with controlling plant diseases, mainly be farm antibiotics.The concrete medicine that uses will be determined according to NY/T 393 " pollution-free food agricultural chemicals usage criteria ".The selection of medicine sees attached list 2 according to for " produce A level pollution-free food and ban use of agricultural chemicals ".
Example: the Duokangling 0.7-1.0g/m of 3% concentration
2+ 2% pesticide corrosion 120 aqua 0.6-0.8g/m
2Or 4% pesticide corrosion 120 aqua 0.8-1.2g/m
2, dilute 800-1200 times of liquid, spray with soil in.
Used weed killer herbicide as preceding crop, and carried out can using when soil is turned over " fertile soil peace " that residue of pesticide are degraded between the soil time out, every mu of consumption is 700-800g/ mu, converts water 500-1000 and doubly sprays.Fertile soil peace Guangtian Economic ﹠ Technological Development Co., Ltd., Tonghua is on sale.
2.6.3 the method for soil disinfection
Adopting deep layer to spray the method that medicament turns in conjunction with deep layer carries out.
2.7 microbial inoculum is used
2.7.1 the selection of microbial inoculum
Result of the test shows that the bacterium that plant soil-borne diseases is had the potentiality of preventing and treating mainly is bacillus, pseudomonad, radiation agrobacterium and erwinia etc.; Fungi mainly is Trichoderma and non-pathogenic sickle-like bacteria.In addition, actinomycetes (soil actinomycetes), plant roots table fungal component and mycorrhizal fungi also have the better prevention potentiality to plant soil-borne diseases.Wherein, bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma harzianum and mycorrhizal fungi etc. have been made into the biological protection preparation and have commercially produced, and obtain practical application widely.
2.7.2 service time
Behind the ginseng planting, in 1 year spring, spray bacteria agent.Spraying of bacteria agent will be carried out after using soil disinfectant 2-3 month, as using ahead of time, can reduce the viable count of depositing of microbial bacterial agent.
2.7.3 amount of application
According to using for the bacteria agent specification.
Example: bacillus subtilis microbial agent, concentration are 10
5-10
8The microbial bacterial agent of cfu/ml is pressed 0.5-3kg/m
2Amount apply in the dark soil of 5-30cm or 15-20cm.
The EM microbial inoculum, stoste+nutrient solution 2-6kg/ mu, dilution 500-3000 doubly irritates root and uses.
Subordinate list 1 national soil organic matter content classification
| Rank | One-level | Secondary | Three grades | Level Four | Pyatyi | Six grades |
| The content of organic matter (g/kg) | ＞40 | 30-40 | 20-30 | 10-20 | 6-10 | ＜6 |
Annotate: subordinate list 1 comes from " soil and fertilizer " book that Chinese agriculture publishing house published in 2008.
Subordinate list 2 is produced A level pollution-free food and is banned use of agricultural chemicals
Claims (10)
1. a non-forestry land ginseng planting soil black leisure improvement method is characterized in that step is as follows:
(1) turns over: since mid-April, turned in the soil, before making bed, finish to turn over; The degree of depth of at every turn ploughing will reach 15-60cm, closes on the direction of turning over for twice and wants shape to have a certain degree;
(2) rotary tillage: carry out 1-2 rotary tillage in application of organic fertilizers, adjusting pH value or before using soil disinfectant, to carry out smooth to the plot of turning over;
(3) use dry straw: dry straw is ground into 3-20cm section shape, in early April, is sprinkled into the stalk after the pulverizing after the soil rotary tillage;
(4) application of organic fertilizers: in the early July of lying fallow then, using content of organic matter height, the less fertilizer of nitrogen content, specifically is to use the fertilizer that contains wood chip, stalk or chicken manure.
2. according to the described non-forestry land ginseng planting's of claim 1 soil black leisure improvement method, it is characterized in that turning over once every 2-3 day in step (1), the number of times of turning over will reach 9-20 time.
3. according to the described non-forestry land ginseng planting's of claim 1 soil black leisure improvement method, it is characterized in that the dry straw sowing amount will be determined according to the rank of soil organic matter content in step (3); Specifically:
It is 50-200kg/ mu that soil organic matter content reaches 2 grades plot sowing amount;
It is 200-400kg/ mu that soil organic matter content reaches 3 grades plot sowing amount;
The sowing amount that soil organic matter content reaches 4 grades of plot is 400-600kg/ mu;
It is 500-700kg/ mu that soil organic matter content reaches 5 grades plot sowing amount;
The sowing amount that soil organic matter content reaches 6 grades of plot is 700-1300kg/ mu.
4. according to the described non-forestry land ginseng planting's of claim 1 soil black leisure improvement method, it is characterized in that organic manure application rate is to determine according to soil organic matter content and the fertilizer content of organic matter in step (4); The fertilizer content of organic matter is 45%, then:
When soil organic matter content reached three grades, organic manure application rate was 2-3 ton/mu;
When soil organic matter content reached level Four, organic manure application rate was 4 tons/mu;
When soil organic matter content reached Pyatyi, organic manure application rate was 5-6 ton/mu;
When soil organic matter content reached six grades, organic manure application rate was 7-8 ton/mu.
5. according to the described non-forestry land ginseng planting's of claim 1 soil black leisure improvement method, it is characterized in that comprising soil acidity or alkalinity pH value is adjusted to 5.0-7.0, add lime or humic acid substance; Lime is to apply fertilizer and turning over after 1-3 time, in being manured into soil, and continues to turn over again; During humic acid substance and fertilizer together are manured into soil.
6. according to the described non-forestry land ginseng planting's of claim 1 soil black leisure improvement method, it is characterized in that comprising soil disinfection, soil disinfection method is based on pharmacy disinfection, and disinfection by ultraviolet light is auxilliary, and carries out in conjunction with turning over.
7. according to the described non-forestry land ginseng planting's of claim 1 soil black leisure improvement method, it is characterized in that comprising that bacteria agent uses; Behind the ginseng planting, in 1 year spring, spray bacteria agent; Spraying of bacteria agent will be carried out after using soil disinfectant.
8. according to the described non-forestry land ginseng planting's of claim 7 soil black leisure improvement method, it is characterized in that microbial inoculum is bacillus subtilis, EM microbial inoculum, Trichoderma harzianum or mycorrhizal fungi.
9. according to the described non-forestry land ginseng planting's of claim 1 soil black leisure improvement method, it is characterized in that the nonforest soil content of organic matter 3-5 level, the bulk density of soil between the 0.80-1.50g/cm3, the soil of maximum water-storage capacity between 19-60%, select for use black leisure improvement method to improve.
10. according to the described non-forestry land ginseng planting's of claim 1 soil black leisure improvement method, it is characterized in that planting ginseng and do not plant any crop the previous year, apply the pulverizing dry straw in early April, begin simultaneously to turn over; Early August, after rotary tillage 1-2 time, apply fertilizer, and continue to turn over; Mid or late September is carried out soil disinfection after carrying out 1-2 rotary tillage, and continues to turn over to making bed; Carry out the whole year turning over for 10-15 time; The soil organic matter reaches level Four, and the fertilizer content of organic matter is 40%, and this plot fertilizer usage amount is 4 tons/mu; The soil organic matter reaches three grades, and this fertilizer usage amount is 3 tons/mu.
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| CN108401600A (en) * | 2017-11-17 | 2018-08-17 | 丽江星宇生物开发有限公司 | A kind of Chinese medicine planting soil modification method |
| CN110622642A (en) * | 2018-06-22 | 2019-12-31 | 天津绿动植物营养技术开发有限公司 | Method for repairing hardened soil specially |
| CN110100679A (en) * | 2019-05-17 | 2019-08-09 | 龙井市开山屯镇爱民相范高丽人参栽培专业合作社 | A kind of non-forest land seedling ginseng standardized cultivation method |
| CN110402634A (en) * | 2019-07-29 | 2019-11-05 | 楚雄医药高等专科学校 | A kind of high value Chinese herbal medicine plants the ecological restoring method for soil of laying idle |
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