CN110100679A - A kind of non-forest land seedling ginseng standardized cultivation method - Google Patents
A kind of non-forest land seedling ginseng standardized cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110100679A CN110100679A CN201910409517.9A CN201910409517A CN110100679A CN 110100679 A CN110100679 A CN 110100679A CN 201910409517 A CN201910409517 A CN 201910409517A CN 110100679 A CN110100679 A CN 110100679A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of non-forest land seedlings to join standardized cultivation method, which joins standardized cultivation method the following steps are included: one, nursery land used is selected；Two, the management and improvement of soil；Three, seed dosage and sowing；Four, nursery field management；Five, seedling participation in the election is other.The invention has the benefit that being suitable for that thickness of sowing not only contributes to root system absorption nutrient and moisture, to guarantee that ginseng seedling underground root system is sufficiently grown, and being conducive to overground part blade has enough growing spaces to carry out photosynthesis, suitable seeding method can be improved emergence rate and effectively improve working efficiency simultaneously, the suitable seeding method of selection, is to ensure that the key of seedling quality；Using microbial bacterial agent ecology maintenance arable land in Ginseng Growth, the beneficial microbe colony of ginseng root growth is activated, good ecological environment is built, reduces the generation of pest and disease damage, reduces Pesticide use.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to non-forest land seedling ginseng cultivating technical fields, it particularly relates to which a kind of ginseng standardization of non-forest land seedling is planted
Culture method.
Background technique
Non-forest land raising ginseng seedlings are that non-forest land plantation ginseng is successfully crucial, and suitable thickness of sowing not only contributes to root system suction
It adoptes point and moisture, to guarantee that ginseng seedling underground root system is sufficiently grown, and be conducive to overground part blade having enough growths
Space carries out photosynthesis.Suitable seeding method can be improved emergence rate and effectively improve working efficiency simultaneously, and selection is suitable for
Seeding method, be to ensure that the key of seedling quality.
Deforestation before plants the cultivation system of the ginseng 2:2:2 or 2:4 for taking non-hibernating eggs transplantation of seedlings in 2 years more, and the present invention uses for reference South Korea
1:5 cultivation system, basic change also has occurred in non-forest land plantation ginseng soil environment in addition, while being broadcast with what is voluntarily developed
Kind is mechanical.It cannot be suitable for the base of non-forest land cultivated ginseng as it can be seen that continuing to use the Mode of sowing and seedling propagation method that traditional deforestation plants ginseng
The basic demand of the nursery of construction；It is local simultaneously during arviculture because for a long time largely using chemical fertilizer and pesticide and
Long-term minimal tilling waits cultivation mode with no-tillage, and for the pesticide and fertilizer residue in soil than more serious, the content of organic matter is generally insufficient,
Seriously affect the development of non-forest land ginseng industry.
For this purpose, we have carried out different seeding method and technology pair on the basis of traditional deforestation plants the seedling-raising technique of ginseng
The research that non-forest land raising ginseng seedlings influence.
For the problems in the relevant technologies, currently no effective solution has been proposed.
Summary of the invention
For the problems in the relevant technologies, the present invention proposes a kind of non-forest land seedling ginseng standardized cultivation method, existing to overcome
There is above-mentioned technical problem present in the relevant technologies.
For this purpose, the specific technical solution that the present invention uses is as follows:
A kind of non-forest land seedling joins standardized cultivation method, the non-forest land seedling join standardized cultivation method the following steps are included:
One, nursery land used is selected:
Select the faster plot of defrosting of south orientation；
Selection draining and preferable sandy loam plot of divulging information；
Select the lower plot of salt density；
Selection can be avoided as far as possible the plot of solar exposure in afternoon by the sunlight that cool in the morning；
The North-East Bound haugh flat gradient of gradient 4-9 degree；
Two, the management and improvement of soil:
(1), it manages and salt is excessive with improving ginseng in soil and rendezvous problem, improve soil physical chemistry performance；
(2), it manages and the content of nitrogen with improving ginseng in soil；
(3), the physicochemical property of soil is managed and improves, plantation cellulosic content is more, absorption ability of nutrient is strong, has slow function
Green manure crop；
(4), the improvement of soil；
Three, seed dosage and sowing: seed dosage is 4.55 kilograms/100m2, nursery and native country area ratio are 1:8-1:
10；
Vernalization and disinfection treatment are successively carried out to seed in advance when sowing, and seed is sowed by treated；
The seed disinfection includes seed soaking and seed dressing before sowing；
Four, nursery field management: including the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control and water drainage of taking precautions against drought；
Five, seedling participation in the election is other: seedling is joined materials period: second year 5-10 in April days；
1 kilogram 1000-1200 is referred to as first-class seedling ginseng；1 kilogram 1200-1300 is referred to as the second grade seedling ginseng；
Collect seedling ginseng: seedling ginseng digs out seedling from below, and substantially 20 centimetres of length, 1 gram every of excellent ginseng.
Further, the soil improvement the following steps are included:
Leisure is increased soil fertility, and before the first two years 10 the end of month to frozen soil at the beginning of 11 months of plantation, with ploughing deeply ginseng 35-50 centimetres, allows soil
It is adequately disinfected under sunlight, by sleet environment jelly repeatedly and change；
Increase the content of organic matter, mid or late March applies 10 tons of soybean of per hectare or rice chaff organic matter；Rice straw can also be used
Stalk or green manure crop, usage amount are 18 tons of per hectare, and rice husk is 3.3 square meters, apply 50L standard, rice or stalk organic matter are 5
It is laid in arable land surface before the moon, makes its completely decomposed ability later deep in 15 centimetres of arable layer by raking the soil level operation several times
It turns over, organic matter standard is 15-25 gs/kg；
Bacterium fertilizing is connect to add after 20 tons and 150 tons of cow dung/chicken manure of sawdust of the preparation of the first two years per hectare of plantation are sufficiently mixed
Add microbial fermentation inoculum, after fastener film fermentation 4 months later, applies arable land before waiting until plantation mid-March next year barley；
Green leisure is increased soil fertility, and plants barley at the beginning of 4 months, the starch in soil is made to be converted into sugar, make to grow in air has
Beneficial bacteria is adsorbed onto soil；
It rakes the soil level, combining with green leisure, which is increased soil fertility, applies microbial bacterial agent and manganese, boron microelement and insecticidal operation, in barley
Start Rotary tillage rake before full maturity；
Black is increased soil fertility, and is arrived August from mid-July and is just started, and is ploughed repeatedly 12 times or so, depth 30-40cm with Wuhua plough, often
It is secondary turn over after will carry out a rotary tillage, depth 25cm or more is divided into 15-20 days between ploughing every time, to be sorted out when ploughing stone,
The sundries such as waddy；
Before ridging, ginseng ground insecticidal operation is carried out in conjunction with ploughing deeply, soil insecticide applies 30-50 centimetres or more deeply after mixing soil deeply
Degree；
Before doing ridge or when last time is ploughed, soil disinfection is carried out；
Do ridge, at the beginning of mid-October to 11 months, select shady and cool weather, start ridging, ridge to 25-30 ° of the positive southeast preferably；Suitably
Increase ridge face height, prevents the harm of salt accumulation；27-36 meters of ginseng alley length be it is suitable, 2.1 meters of row spacing degree, be highly
20-35 centimetres preferably, and 90 centimetres of pavement is stayed in centre；
Drainage channel is set, to impeded drainage plot, before site preparation it is intermediate and around set drainage channel.
Further, the presprouting of seeds the following steps are included:
Just ginseng seed cryogenic freezing is handled 3-4 days August；
Seed is put into plastic cylinder container and soaks seed mounted in the string bag, after specific practice is layer overlay small stone, puts net
One layer of the seed filled in pocket, then one layer of small stone is put, then put the seed string bag, plastics are covered above；
Primary every top watering in several hours, water is flowed out from the dewatering outlet of following settings；
Temperature is controlled in 20-25 degree, and per half a month turns once, seed breach after 2-3 months.
Further, soak seed before described kind the following steps are included:
With 1 kilogram of quick lime plus 1 kilogram of copper sulphate plus 120 kg water sterilization；
It is impregnated 24 hours with 1000 times of liquid of 200 mgs/kg of polyoxin or 50% Mancozeb, by seed weight
0.2%-0.5% seed dressing；
With coughing up bacteriumThe coating of 10 milliliters/bag, can be coated 2 kilograms of seeds；
It is soaked seed 10 minutes with the formalin solution that mass fraction is 1%；
It is impregnated 2 hours with 500 times of liquid of carbendazim.
Further, it is described seed dressing the following steps are included:
Be with 100 milliliters of mass fractions 2.5% fits happy generation and adds the dilution of 0.5-1 kg of water uniformly, can handle 25 kilograms of people
Join seed, slightly drying in the shade after seed dressing can sow；
The thickness of sowing is 120 centimetres of bed surface, 4.55 kilograms/100m of seed2Standard.
Further, the type of seeding are as follows:
It broadcasts sowing, after preparing earthing soil, is made into wooden rake after the bed slot of 5 centimetres of depths, seed uniform broadcasting is covered in slot
Native 3-4 centimetres；
Drilling, 5-6 centimetres of sown scope, 10-15 centimetres of line-spacing, 3-4 centimetres of earthing；With manually or mechanically being broadcast after thick rope bracing wire
Kind；
Earthing after after planting pressing, 3-4 centimetres of earthing after after planting pressing lightly on 2 times with plank；Earthing soil is best
With pollution-free or upper clean sand；
After black plastic film covers furrow face completely, furrow face two sides earthing；
Second year opened plastic foil at the beginning of 5 months, covered woven straw, above two sides earthing.
Further, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control the following steps are included:
Before ginseng-leaf is unearthed, Kocide SD is uniformly applied toward furrow face, prevents and treats the generation of damping-off；
Damping-off is prevented and treated, after 8% jinggangmeisu aqua is diluted with 500 liters of water before May 10,3000 square meter nurseries are with 20 barrels
Spray disinfection；
After disinfectant preparation is handled 1 week, after adding 500 liters of water dilutions with 2 kilograms of microbial bacterial agents, per hectare sprays 20 barrels；
It can sufficiently be sprayed with 500 liters of lime water sterilization stems and leaf before and after October 1,4 grams of sulfuric acid are added in 1 liter of water of specific practice
Copper adds 4 grams of quick limes.
Further, it is described take precautions against drought water drainage the following steps are included:
Water drainage, especially rainy season low-lying plot will deep-cut gutter, and city's draining is unobstructed, and ponding and rainwater alluviation is avoided to join
Furrow cause soil's being over wet, poor aeration；
Water management, at the beginning of watering is 5 months for the first time；Second watering is to see that moisture situation is poured before and after June 20 before the Summer Solstice
Water；Third time watering is period at the beginning of September 20 days to 10 months, sufficiently to be watered；
It weeds with a hoe, during arriving September after emergence from early May just, carries out artificial weeding.
The invention has the benefit that being suitable for that thickness of sowing not only contributes to root system absorption nutrient and moisture, with guarantor
Ginseng seedling underground root system is sufficiently grown, and being conducive to overground part blade has enough growing spaces to carry out photosynthesis, simultaneously
Suitable seeding method can be improved emergence rate and effectively improve working efficiency, selects suitable seeding method, is to ensure that seedling
The key of quality；Using microbial bacterial agent ecology maintenance arable land in Ginseng Growth, the beneficial micro- of ginseng root growth is activated
Biological flora builds good ecological environment, reduces the generation of pest and disease damage, reduces Pesticide use.
Detailed description of the invention
It in order to more clearly explain the embodiment of the invention or the technical proposal in the existing technology, below will be to institute in embodiment
Attached drawing to be used is needed to be briefly described, it should be apparent that, the accompanying drawings in the following description is only some implementations of the invention
Example, for those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, can also obtain according to these attached drawings
Obtain other attached drawings.
Fig. 1 is a kind of flow chart of non-forest land seedling ginseng standardized cultivation method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
To further illustrate that each embodiment, the present invention are provided with attached drawing, these attached drawings are that the invention discloses one of content
Point, mainly to illustrate embodiment, and the associated description of specification can be cooperated to explain the operation principles of embodiment, cooperation ginseng
Examine these contents, those of ordinary skill in the art will be understood that other possible embodiments and advantages of the present invention, in figure
Component be not necessarily to scale, and similar component symbol is conventionally used to indicate similar component.
According to an embodiment of the invention, providing a kind of non-forest land seedling ginseng standardized cultivation method.
Now in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention is further described, as shown in Figure 1, according to embodiments of the present invention
Non-forest land seedling join standardized cultivation method, the non-forest land seedling join standardized cultivation method the following steps are included:
Step S101, nursery land used is selected:
According to ginseng, that is, afraid of water point but it is to like moisture, is afraid of strong light but is the habit for liking faint light according to (astigmatism),
Select the faster plot of defrosting of south orientation；
Selection draining and preferable sandy loam plot of divulging information；
Select the lower plot of salt (including nitric acid, hydrochloric acid etc.) concentration；
Selection can be avoided as far as possible the plot of solar exposure in afternoon by the sunlight that cool in the morning；
The North-East Bound haugh flat gradient of gradient 4-9 degree；
Micro- sandy loam (fine particle), loam, sandy loam plot are selected as far as possible.
Step S102, the management and improvement of soil:
(1), it manages and salt is excessive with improving ginseng in soil and rendezvous problem, improve soil physical chemistry performance；
(2), it manages and the content of nitrogen with improving ginseng in soil；
(3), the physicochemical property of soil is managed and improves, plantation cellulosic content is more, absorption ability of nutrient is strong, has slow function
Green manure crop；
(4), the improvement of soil；
Step S103, seed dosage and sowing: seed dosage is 4.55 kilograms/100m2, nursery and native country area ratio are
1:8-1:10；
Nursery and native country area ratio are 1:8；1 hectare of native country needs 200 kilograms of seedling ginsengs.
Seedling joins 1000-1200/1 kilogram and is referred to as first-class seedling ginseng；Seedling joins 1200-1300/1 kilogram and is referred to as the second grade seedling
Ginseng.
Vernalization and disinfection treatment are successively carried out to seed in advance when sowing, and seed is sowed by treated；
The seed disinfection includes seed soaking and seed dressing before sowing；
Step S104, nursery field management: including the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control and water drainage of taking precautions against drought；
Step S105, seedling participation in the election is other: seedling is joined materials period: second year 5-10 in April days；
1 kilogram 1000-1200 is referred to as first-class seedling ginseng；1 kilogram 1200-1300 is referred to as the second grade seedling ginseng；
Collect seedling ginseng: seedling ginseng digs out seedling from below, and substantially 20 centimetres of length, 1 gram every of excellent ginseng.
In one embodiment, the soil improvement the following steps are included:
Leisure is increased soil fertility, and before the first two years 10 the end of month to frozen soil at the beginning of 11 months of plantation, with ploughing deeply ginseng 35-50 centimetres, allows soil
It is adequately disinfected under sunlight, by sleet environment jelly repeatedly and change；
Increase the content of organic matter, mid or late March applies 10 tons of soybean of per hectare or rice chaff organic matter；Rice straw can also be used
Stalk or green manure crop, usage amount are 18 tons of per hectare, and rice husk is 3.3 square meters, apply 50L standard, rice or stalk organic matter are 5
It is laid in arable land surface before the moon, makes its completely decomposed ability later deep in 15 centimetres of arable layer by raking the soil level operation several times
It turns over, organic matter standard is 15-25 gs/kg；
Bacterium fertilizing is connect to add after 20 tons and 150 tons of cow dung/chicken manure of sawdust of the preparation of the first two years per hectare of plantation are sufficiently mixed
Add microbial fermentation inoculum, after fastener film fermentation 4 months later, applies arable land before waiting until plantation mid-March next year barley；
Green leisure is increased soil fertility, and plants barley at the beginning of 4 months, the starch in soil is made to be converted into sugar, make to grow in air has
Beneficial bacteria is adsorbed onto soil；
It rakes the soil level, combining with green leisure, which is increased soil fertility, applies microbial bacterial agent and manganese, boron microelement and insecticidal operation, in barley
Start Rotary tillage rake before full maturity；
Black is increased soil fertility, and is arrived August from mid-July and is just started, and is ploughed repeatedly 12 times or so, depth 30-40cm with Wuhua plough, often
It is secondary turn over after will carry out a rotary tillage, depth 25cm or more is divided into 15-20 days between ploughing every time, to be sorted out when ploughing stone,
The sundries such as waddy；
Before ridging, ginseng ground insecticidal operation is carried out in conjunction with ploughing deeply, soil insecticide applies 30-50 centimetres or more deeply after mixing soil deeply
Degree；
Before doing ridge or when last time is ploughed, soil disinfection is carried out；
Do ridge, at the beginning of mid-October to 11 months, select shady and cool weather, start ridging, ridge to 25-30 ° of the positive southeast preferably；Suitably
Increase ridge face height, prevents the harm of salt accumulation；27-36 meters of ginseng alley length be it is suitable, 2.1 meters of row spacing degree, be highly
20-35 centimetres preferably, and 90 centimetres of pavement is stayed in centre；
Drainage channel is set, to impeded drainage plot, before site preparation it is intermediate and around set drainage channel.
In one embodiment, the presprouting of seeds the following steps are included:
Seed breach rate requires to reach 90%-95%；
Just ginseng seed cryogenic freezing is handled 3-4 days August；
Seed is put into plastic cylinder container and soaks seed mounted in the string bag, after specific practice is layer overlay small stone, puts net
One layer of the seed filled in pocket, then one layer of small stone is put, then put the seed string bag, plastics are covered above；
Primary every top watering in several hours, water is flowed out from the dewatering outlet of following settings；
Temperature is controlled in 20-25 degree, and per half a month turns once, seed breach after 2-3 months.
In one embodiment, soak seed before described kind the following steps are included:
With 1 kilogram of quick lime plus 1 kilogram of copper sulphate plus 120 kg water sterilization；
It is impregnated 24 hours with 1000 times of liquid of 200 mgs/kg of polyoxin or 50% Mancozeb, by seed weight
0.2%-0.5% seed dressing；
With coughing up bacteriumThe coating of 10 milliliters/bag, can be coated 2 kilograms of seeds；
It is soaked seed 10 minutes with the formalin solution that mass fraction is 1%；
It is impregnated 2 hours with 500 times of liquid of carbendazim.
In one embodiment, it is described seed dressing the following steps are included:
Be with 100 milliliters of mass fractions 2.5% fits happy generation and adds the dilution of 0.5-1 kg of water uniformly, can handle 25 kilograms of people
Join seed, slightly drying in the shade after seed dressing can sow；
The thickness of sowing is 120 centimetres of bed surface, 4.55 kilograms/100m of seed2Standard.
In one embodiment, it after seed autumn sowing, is operated before frozen soil at the beginning of 20 days to 11 months October；
Seed achievable physiology after-ripening under natural low temperature environment, and emergence rate is high；Because after planting without enough low temperature
Processing, can all influence normally to appear, so the seed of all spring sowing has to carry out enough low-temperature treatments.
The type of seeding are as follows:
It broadcasts sowing, after preparing earthing soil, is made into wooden rake after the bed slot of 5 centimetres of depths, seed uniform broadcasting is covered in slot
Native 3-4 centimetres；
Drilling, 5-6 centimetres of sown scope, 10-15 centimetres of line-spacing, 3-4 centimetres of earthing；With manually or mechanically being broadcast after thick rope bracing wire
Kind；
Earthing after after planting pressing, 3-4 centimetres of earthing after after planting pressing lightly on 2 times with plank；Earthing soil is best
With pollution-free or upper clean sand；
After black plastic film covers furrow face completely, furrow face two sides earthing；
Second year opened plastic foil at the beginning of 5 months, covered woven straw, above two sides earthing.
In one embodiment, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control the following steps are included:
Before ginseng-leaf is unearthed, Kocide SD is uniformly applied toward furrow face, prevents and treats the generation of damping-off；
Damping-off is prevented and treated, after 8% jinggangmeisu aqua is diluted with 500 liters of water before May 10,3000 square meter nurseries are with 20 barrels
Spray disinfection；
After disinfectant preparation is handled 1 week, after adding 500 liters of water dilutions with 2 kilograms of microbial bacterial agents, per hectare sprays 20 barrels；
It can sufficiently be sprayed with 500 liters of lime water sterilization stems and leaf before and after October 1,4 grams of sulfuric acid are added in 1 liter of water of specific practice
Copper adds 4 grams of quick limes.
In one embodiment, ginseng is afraid of drought, and is afraid of flood.Therefore, it should drain flooded fields in real time or pour according to rainfall and soil moisture
Water.It is described take precautions against drought water drainage the following steps are included:
Water drainage, especially rainy season low-lying plot will deep-cut gutter, and city's draining is unobstructed, and ponding and rainwater alluviation is avoided to join
Furrow cause soil's being over wet, poor aeration；
Water management, at the beginning of watering is 5 months for the first time；Second watering is to see that moisture situation is poured before and after June 20 before the Summer Solstice
Water；Third time watering is period at the beginning of September 20 days to 10 months, sufficiently to be watered；
It weeds with a hoe, during arriving September after emergence from early May just, carries out artificial weeding.
The present invention is in specific application:
1, land used method for selecting in nursery selects by north to thaw faster plot as far as possible.
2, black is increased soil fertility, and is ploughed deeply rotary tillage vegetable soil and is utilized sunlight sterilizing.
3, field management.
(1), damping-off is prevented and treated.Before ginseng-leaf at the beginning of 5 months next years after planting is unearthed (there has been no before frame canopy), plastics are opened
Film covers woven straw (heat-insulation moisture-preservation)；The cloudy day is selected uniformly to spray toward furrow face before emergence；Secondly the 8%- well before May 10
After ridge mycin aqua is diluted with 500 liters of water, 3000 square meter nurseries spray (spray head) with 20 barrels (500 liters) and sterilize.
(2), after anti-damping-off preparation is handled 1 week (before emergence), with 2 kilograms of microbial bacterial agents (Antagonistic Fungi and silk antibacterial)
After adding 500 liters of water dilutions, per hectare is sprayed 20 barrels (500 liters) (spray heads), improves seedling quality.
(3), on October 1 or so was sufficiently sprayed with 500 liters of lime water sterilization stems and leaf, and 4 grams of sulphur are added in 1 liter of water of specific practice
Sour copper adds 4 grams of quick limes.
In conclusion suitable thickness of sowing not only contributes to root system absorption and supports by means of above-mentioned technical proposal of the invention
Point and moisture, to guarantee that ginseng seedling underground root system is sufficiently grown, and be conducive to overground part blade having enough growing spaces
Photosynthesis is carried out, while suitable seeding method can be improved emergence rate and effectively improve working efficiency, select suitable broadcast
Kind mode, is to ensure that the key of seedling quality；Using microbial bacterial agent ecology maintenance arable land in Ginseng Growth, ginseng is activated
The beneficial microbe colony of root growth builds good ecological environment, reduces the generation of pest and disease damage, reduces Pesticide use.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, all in essence of the invention
Within mind and principle, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so on be should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of non-forest land seedling joins standardized cultivation method, which is characterized in that the non-forest land seedling joins standardized cultivation method and includes
Following steps:
One, nursery land used is selected:
Select the faster plot of defrosting of south orientation；
Selection draining and preferable sandy loam plot of divulging information；
Select the lower plot of salt density；
Selection can be avoided as far as possible the plot of solar exposure in afternoon by the sunlight that cool in the morning；
The North-East Bound haugh flat gradient of gradient 4-9 degree；
Two, the management and improvement of soil:
(1), it manages and salt is excessive with improving ginseng in soil and rendezvous problem, improve soil physical chemistry performance；
(2), it manages and the content of nitrogen with improving ginseng in soil；
(3), the physicochemical property for managing and improving soil plants the green manure that cellulosic content is more, absorption ability of nutrient is strong, has slow function
Crop；
(4), the improvement of soil；
Three, seed dosage and sowing: seed dosage is 4.55 kilograms/100m2, nursery and native country area ratio are 1:8-1:10；
Vernalization and disinfection treatment are successively carried out to seed in advance when sowing, and seed is sowed by treated；
The seed disinfection includes seed soaking and seed dressing before sowing；
Four, nursery field management: including the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control and water drainage of taking precautions against drought；
Five, seedling participation in the election is other: seedling is joined materials period: second year 5-10 in April days；
1 kilogram 1000-1200 is referred to as first-class seedling ginseng；1 kilogram 1200-1300 is referred to as the second grade seedling ginseng；
Collect seedling ginseng: seedling ginseng digs out seedling from below, and substantially 20 centimetres of length, 1 gram every of excellent ginseng.
2. a kind of non-forest land seedling according to claim 1 joins standardized cultivation method, which is characterized in that the soil changes
It is good the following steps are included:
Leisure is increased soil fertility, and before the first two years 10 the end of month to frozen soil at the beginning of 11 months of plantation, with ploughing deeply ginseng 35-50 centimetres, allows soil in sun
It is adequately disinfected under light, by sleet environment jelly repeatedly and change；
Increase the content of organic matter, mid or late March applies 10 tons of soybean of per hectare or rice chaff organic matter；Can also with rice straw or
Green manure crop, usage amount are 18 tons of per hectare, and rice husk is 3.3 square meters, apply 50L standard, rice or stalk organic matter May it
Before be laid in arable land surface, can just plough deeply, have after allowing by raking the soil level operation several times in 15 centimetres of arable layer it completely decomposed
Machine matter standard is 15-25 gs/kg；
Bacterium fertilizing is connect to add micro- after 20 tons and 150 tons of cow dung/chicken manure of sawdust of the preparation of the first two years per hectare of plantation are sufficiently mixed
Bio-fermentation agents after fastener film fermentation 4 months later, apply arable land before waiting until plantation mid-March next year barley；
Green leisure is increased soil fertility, and plants barley at the beginning of 4 months, the starch in soil is made to be converted into sugar, make the beneficial bacterium grown in air
It is adsorbed onto soil；
It rakes the soil level, combining with green leisure, which is increased soil fertility, applies microbial bacterial agent and manganese, boron microelement and insecticidal operation, complete in barley
Start Rotary tillage rake before mature；
Black is increased soil fertility, and is arrived August from mid-July and is just started, and is ploughed repeatedly 12 times or so with Wuhua plough, depth 30-40cm is turned over every time
A rotary tillage will be carried out after ploughing, depth 25cm or more is divided into 15-20 days between ploughing every time, and stone, waddy are sorted out when ploughing
Equal sundries；
Before ridging, ginseng ground insecticidal operation is carried out in conjunction with ploughing deeply, soil insecticide applies 30-50 centimetres or more depth after mixing soil deeply；
Before doing ridge or when last time is ploughed, soil disinfection is carried out；
Do ridge, at the beginning of mid-October to 11 months, select shady and cool weather, start ridging, ridge to 25-30 ° of the positive southeast preferably；It is appropriate to increase
Ridge face height, prevents the harm of salt accumulation；27-36 meters of ginseng alley length be it is suitable, 2.1 meters of row spacing degree, be highly 20-35
Centimetre preferably, 90 centimetres of pavement is stayed in centre；
Drainage channel is set, to impeded drainage plot, before site preparation it is intermediate and around set drainage channel.
3. a kind of non-forest land seedling according to claim 1 joins standardized cultivation method, which is characterized in that the presprouting of seeds
The following steps are included:
Just ginseng seed cryogenic freezing is handled 3-4 days August；
Seed is put into plastic cylinder container and soaks seed mounted in the string bag, after specific practice is layer overlay small stone, puts in the string bag
One layer of the seed of dress, then one layer of small stone is put, then put the seed string bag, plastics are covered above；
Primary every top watering in several hours, water is flowed out from the dewatering outlet of following settings；
Temperature is controlled in 20-25 degree, and per half a month turns once, seed breach after 2-3 months.
4. a kind of non-forest land seedling according to claim 1 joins standardized cultivation method, which is characterized in that soak seed before described kind
The following steps are included:
With 1 kilogram of quick lime plus 1 kilogram of copper sulphate plus 120 kg water sterilization；
It is impregnated 24 hours with 1000 times of liquid of 200 mgs/kg of polyoxin or 50% Mancozeb, by the 0.2%- of seed weight
0.5% seed dressing；
With coughing up bacteriumThe coating of 10 milliliters/bag, can be coated 2 kilograms of seeds；
It is soaked seed 10 minutes with the formalin solution that mass fraction is 1%；
It is impregnated 2 hours with 500 times of liquid of carbendazim.
5. a kind of non-forest land seedling according to claim 1 joins standardized cultivation method, which is characterized in that the seed dressing includes
Following steps:
Be with 100 milliliters of mass fractions 2.5% fits happy generation and adds the dilution of 0.5-1 kg of water uniformly, can handle 25 kilograms of ginseng kinds
Son, slightly drying in the shade after seed dressing can sow；
The thickness of sowing is 120 centimetres of bed surface, 4.55 kilograms/100m of seed2Standard.
6. a kind of non-forest land seedling according to claim 1 joins standardized cultivation method, which is characterized in that the type of seeding
Are as follows:
It broadcasts sowing, after preparing earthing soil, is made into wooden rake after the bed slot of 5 centimetres of depths, seed uniform broadcasting is in slot, earthing 3-
4 centimetres；
Drilling, 5-6 centimetres of sown scope, 10-15 centimetres of line-spacing, 3-4 centimetres of earthing；With artificial or mechanical planting after thick rope bracing wire；
Earthing after after planting pressing, 3-4 centimetres of earthing after after planting pressing lightly on 2 times with plank；The earthing most handy nothing of soil
Pollution or upper clean sand；
After black plastic film covers furrow face completely, furrow face two sides earthing；
Second year opened plastic foil at the beginning of 5 months, covered woven straw, above two sides earthing.
7. a kind of non-forest land seedling according to claim 1 joins standardized cultivation method, which is characterized in that the pest and disease damage is anti-
Control the following steps are included:
Before ginseng-leaf is unearthed, Kocide SD is uniformly applied toward furrow face, prevents and treats the generation of damping-off；
Damping-off is prevented and treated, after 8% jinggangmeisu aqua is diluted with 500 liters of water before May 10,3000 square meter nurseries are sprayed with 20 barrels
Disinfection；
After disinfectant preparation is handled 1 week, after adding 500 liters of water dilutions with 2 kilograms of microbial bacterial agents, per hectare sprays 20 barrels；
It can sufficiently be sprayed with 500 liters of lime water sterilization stems and leaf before and after October 1,1 liter of water of specific practice is added 4 grams of copper sulphate and adds
4 grams of quick limes.
8. a kind of non-forest land seedling according to claim 1 joins standardized cultivation method, which is characterized in that the water drainage of taking precautions against drought
The following steps are included:
Water drainage, especially rainy season low-lying plot will deep-cut gutter, and city's draining is unobstructed, avoid ponding and rainwater alluviation from joining furrow, make
At soil's being over wet, poor aeration；
Water management, at the beginning of watering is 5 months for the first time；Second watering is to see that moisture situation is watered before and after June 20 before the Summer Solstice；
Third time watering is period at the beginning of September 20 days to 10 months, sufficiently to be watered；
It weeds with a hoe, during arriving September after emergence from early May just, carries out artificial weeding.
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