RU2321573C1 - Organo-mineral complex fertilizer and method of distributing the same simultaneously with soil plowing - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: organo-mineral complex fertilizer contains bulk and liquid components such as disinfected, neutralized and dried silt produced by biological purification of sewage water, and carbonic acid H₂CO₃. Method involves forming furrow simultaneously with soil plowing; distributing liquid component and closing furrow; simultaneously with liquid component, introducing bulk component, each component being located at different depths by means of deep tiller which is used for forming of furrow bottom with depressions; feeding carbonic acid under pressure into depressions, with following closing of furrow; plowing-in bulk component by turning top layer of mold by means of moldboard fixed to deep tiller.

EFFECT: increased efficiency in humus formation, increased soil fertility and yield, and improved ecology of farm crop cultivation.

7 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural production, namely, fertilizers to increase soil fertility and to methods of applying it to the soil.

Known organic-mineral fertilizer systems based on quartz-sand glauconite, further comprising a source of organic matter, which is used as a weight of sapropel and chalk (RU 2189959 C2, IPC ⁷ C05D 9/02, C05F 7/00, C05G 3/04, 27.09 .2002).

The technical disadvantage of this fertilizer is that the organic component is not effective enough, since the sapropelic mass includes mineral ingredients, ballast substances and heavy metals.

Known experience in the use of sewage sludge as a fertilizer, which contains not only organic and mineral substances, but also pathogenic microflora, helminth eggs and salts of heavy metals; to slightly reduce the negative effects of these components, the sediment is mixed with peat (journal "Agriculture", 2005, No. 5, p.14).

The technical drawback of this mixture is the preservation of pathogenic microflora and helminth eggs in it, which will multiply after application and infect the soil, plants and water sources.

There is also known a method of preparing an organo-mineral complex fertilizer from manure and waste products from extracts of licorice root and rhizomes, according to which, after heating the manure, bischofite brine and meal from licorice roots and rhizomes are introduced layer by layer (RU 2236392 C2, IPC ⁷ C05F 3/00 , C05D 9/02, C05G 1/00, 09/20/2004).

The technical disadvantage of this method of preparing an organic-mineral fertilizer containing bulk and liquid components is the limited possibility of its implementation due to the uniqueness of such a component as meal from the roots and rhizomes of licorice; since bulk and liquid components are mixed, during transportation and application to the soil, the liquid component will partially separate and not be used; the non-obviousness of increasing the efficiency of the resulting fertilizer; increased costs for the implementation of the method.

A known method of applying liquid fertilizers simultaneously with plowing the soil, including the formation of a furrow during plowing, fertilizing and closing the furrow (RU 2080042 C1, IPC ⁶ A01C 21/00, 23/00, A01B 49/06, 05/27/1997).

The technical disadvantage of this method: the impossibility and insufficient depth of making easily volatile liquid components; the inability to make loose components - if necessary, the distribution of components to different depths; the uncertainty of the quality indicators of fertilizer; increased costs for the implementation of the method.

Technical task: improving the quality indicators of complex fertilizers through the use of non-traditional components with a high content of natural organic compounds; simultaneous and reliable incorporation into the soil of each component to the optimum depth.

EFFECT: increased humus formation and soil fertility, productivity and environmental friendliness of agricultural crops cultivation with limited material, labor and energy costs.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the well-known organic-mineral complex fertilizer containing bulk and liquid components, the disinfected, decontaminated and dried sludge is used as the bulk component in the biological treatment of domestic wastewater, and carbonic acid H _{2 is used} as the liquid component CO ₃ ; the ratio of bulk and liquid components by volume is 50: 1 ... 40: 1.

In the known method of applying an organo-mineral complex fertilizer simultaneously with plowing the soil, including forming a furrow during plowing, applying the liquid component and closing the furrow, the granular component is applied simultaneously with the liquid, the application of each component is carried out at different depths using a deep-ripper, with the help of which a comb bottom is formed grooves with recesses into which carbonic acid is supplied under pressure followed by closing the grooves, and the loose component is smelled by inverting the top layer of loosened soil by means of a dump on a deep-ripper.

As a ripper, a chisel-dump tool with inclined racks is used; grooves of the bottom of the furrow form at a distance of 40-45 cm from the day surface; turning of the upper soil layer is carried out to a depth of 15-20 cm; carbonic acid is supplied under a pressure of 0.2-0.5 MPa through pipelines on the back of the racks.

Figure 1 shows the rack with the blade of a deep ripper (side view) when plowing the soil (in section) with the simultaneous introduction of loose and liquid components of the fertilizer; figure 2 is a section aa in figure 1, where the racks with a blade in cross section are visible against the background of plowed soil with a crested bottom of the furrow and with the fertilizer components introduced; figure 3 - migration pattern in the soil of carbon dioxide after decomposition of the introduced carbonic acid.

Organic-mineral complex fertilizer contains loose and liquid components. As a bulk component, disinfected, decontaminated and dried sludge is used in the biological treatment of domestic wastewater. Carbonic acid is used as a liquid component - a product of the compound of water Н ₂ О and carbon dioxide CO ₂ :

H ₂ O + CO ₂ → H ₂ CO ₃ .

Each component is prepared and stored separately. This is due to a significant simplification of the technology of storage, transportation and, most importantly, the introduction of fertilizer (more on this below), as well as ensuring safety at all stages of working with fertilizer. The ratio of bulk and liquid component is 50: 1 ... 40: 1.

Obtaining sludge from biological treatment of domestic wastewater is carried out at the modernized treatment facilities. Crude sludge forms on the mechanical site in the primary sedimentation tanks. Excessively activated sludge is formed in the aeration tank mixer. A mixture of crude sludge and excess activated sludge in a ratio of 1: 3 enters the sludge treatment section, which includes a pumping station, alternately operating tanks, corresponding pipelines and valves. In reservoirs, a mixture of sediments is forcibly circulated and passes through a turbulator that generates a low intensity (frequency) cavitation field. As a result of this, a rupture of the shell (destruction) of pathogens, eggs and helminth larvae occurs, and conditions are created for the accelerated oxidation of pollutants, including heavy metals.

After triple circulation and treatment with the aerobic-enzyme-cavitation method, the sludge enters the sludge sites having a drainage water drainage system for natural dehydration. Dried for 6 months, the sediment is stored in bales. Sludge (with drainage water) is dried for 6-12 months to a moisture content of 40-60%, while the environmental situation improves due to the complete cessation of gas emissions with a pungent odor. The necessary indicators of silt sediment, including the absence of pathogenic microflora, are constantly monitored. In its final form, the sludge is a solid, odorless, loose mass with a predominance of particles of 1-3 mm. According to the content of nutrients, sediment is an organo-mineral fertilizer.

According to the certificate of conformity issued by the Federal State Institution “CAC Volgogradsky” (based on the results of verification of compliance with the requirements of SanPiN 2.3.2.560-96), the sludge of sewage (its solid phase) is characterized by the following indicators:

pH salt - 6.7 units;

moisture - 35.0;

organic matter - 15.0%;

total nitrogen - 2.54%;

total phosphorus - 4.20%;

total potassium - 1.25%;

mobile sulfur - 1950 mg / kg;

mobile copper - 8.2 mg / kg;

mobile zinc - 35.0 mg / kg;

mobile cobalt - 0.18 mg / kg;

mobile manganese - 56.5 mg / kg.

According to the results of studies on compliance with the requirements of other regulatory documents, in particular, the insignificant content was found: lead - 68.0 mg / kg (norm up to 1000); mercury - 0.1 mg / kg (normal to 15); arsenic - 2.3 mg / kg (normal to 20). In separate protocols it is noted: pathogenic flora was not found; eggs, larvae of helminths hazardous to human health were not found.

If sludge sediment is estimated by the criterion “organic fertilizer”, then it should contain at least 20% of organic matter (actually 15%); the sludge sediment meets the criterion of "organic-mineral fertilizer" without any reservations. But for the implementation of the proclaimed technical task and the technical result, it is necessary to add a natural unconventional and effective organic compound to the sludge sediment, which ensures an increase in humus formation and soil fertility. As such a compound, carbonic acid H ₂ CO _{3 is} proposed, in which the carrier of natural organic matter in concentrated form is carbon dioxide CO ₂ . But storing and introducing gas into the soil is extremely difficult, inefficient (due to its volatility) and unsafe (when stored under pressure). With a small addition of ordinary water, carbon dioxide is converted to carbon dioxide, which meets all the requirements of a liquid, from which carbon dioxide is separated at the right time and in the right place.

Carbon dioxide is stored, as usual, in cylinders under high pressure - up to 16 MPa. Cylinders are supplied with a reducer (pressure regulator) and a manometer. The discharge of cylinders (after opening the corresponding valve) is carried out at the required pressure, in our case, at 0.2-0.5 MPa. An assumption may arise: silt sediment and carbon dioxide are two different fertilizers, and not a single organo-mineral complex fertilizer. But such a distribution (prior to application to the soil) is conditional and is caused by the indicated technological features of storage, safety and, as will be shown below, the original method of application simultaneously with plowing the soil. In fact, both components of the fertilizer - bulk and liquid - only together solve the technical task and provide the declared technical result. This is facilitated by the introduction to various depths of the components and the ease of incorporation of the liquid component into the soil. Carbon dioxide H ₂ CO ₃ not only emits carbon dioxide CO ₃ (the water content in the acid is insignificant), carbon dioxide is not only the main stimulator of complex microbiological processes in the soil, but also contributes to the accelerated processing of organics, including organic matter in silt sediment. This occurs in the upper, most active and humus-containing layer of soil - at a depth of the reservoir turnover (15-20 cm), and the organics of the silt sediment has already undergone preliminary “processing”. All these processes are interdependent and manifest themselves in a complex.

The method of applying organic-mineral complex fertilizer simultaneously with plowing the soil is as follows.

During biological treatment of domestic wastewater, the disinfected, decontaminated and dried sludge is previously scattered across the field, where stubble of the predecessor culture and weed vegetation can remain. The possibility of preliminary disking of the soil with preservation of the mulching layer on the surface of the field is not excluded. The rate of silt sediment application - bulk component - is set depending on the condition and soil requirements in the range of 20-40 t / ha. Carbonic acid H ₂ CO ₃ - the liquid component is delivered in cylinders under a pressure of 16 MPa. The cylinders are fixed on the frame of the chisel-dump gun, pipelines are removed from the cylinders, which are connected to a common manifold with a valve. From the collector lay pipelines 1 on the back of the inclined racks 2 guns. Reducers on cylinders (with the valve closed) are set at a pressure of 0.2-0.5 MPa (controlled by a manometer). Dumps 3 are fixed on inclined racks based on their introduction into the soil to a depth of h = 15–20 cm (with a depth of chiseling of N = 40–45 cm).

Before starting the movement of the machine-tractor unit with a chisel-dump implement, the valve for supplying carbon dioxide from the cylinders to the pipelines 1 on the back of the inclined racks 2 is opened. During plowing, the bit 4 at the end of each inclined racks rips up the soil at the indicated depth N. This process is accompanied by decompression and collapse of the soil in front and on the sides of the bit at an angle of approximately 45 °. As a result of this, a crested bottom of the furrow is formed with ridges 5 and recesses 6. Carbon dioxide 7 is fed into the recesses to the maximum depth H of chiseling under pressure. At the same time, dumps 3 cut off the upper loosened soil layer 8 and move, partially turning over, soil clods to depth h. This action is accompanied by the incorporation of silt sediment into the soil (introduction) and additional carriers of organic matter located in the upper layer — the root and plant residues of the precursor culture, weeds, the mulching layer, etc. Organics and soil clods (aggregates) are mixed together at the entire depth of the layer - from zero to h. With further movement of the gun, the space between the ridges 5 and the recesses 6 of the bottom of the furrow is reliably covered by soil. This is facilitated by inclined racks 2, which move the soil in the transverse direction (after passing straight racks, a slightly filled vertical gap remains in the soil through which carbon dioxide will escape, to prevent this, in our case, inclined racks are used). Reliable shelter of carbon dioxide and the formation of the upper layer saturated with organic matter (with silt sediment) layer 8 contribute to dumps 3.

As a result, the application of each component of the organo-mineral complex fertilizer simultaneously and to different optimal depths - the liquid component (carbonic acid Н ₂ СО ₃ ) is embedded at the maximum depth of chiseling (Н = 40-45 cm) - into the grooves of the crested bottom of the furrow, and the loose component (silt sediment) - to the upper, most active and humus-forming layer with a depth of h = 15-20 cm. This provides, first of all, the latest chisel-dump tool with inclined racks. Immediately after application, the components of the fertilizer begin their creative work. One of the unusual properties of silt sediment is its “absorption” and relatively long retention of soil moisture. Due to this, the process of vital activity of soil microflora is accelerated and, as a result, decomposition and “processing” of organic matter, some additional moisture return to plant roots. Under soil conditions, carbonic acid decomposes quickly, releasing carbon dioxide:

H ₂ CO ₃ → H ₂ O + CO ₂ .

Carbon dioxide rises along the voids in the soil and reaches the upper most mixed - with a minimum of voids - layer 8. Carbon dioxide is, as you know, a favorable nutrient medium for soil microorganisms. Therefore, gas is rapidly processed, thereby forming easily accessible for the roots of plants nitrogen compounds, phosphorus, potassium, as well as carbon, and certain other ingredients, including by connecting carbon dioxide with other compounds, the most active of CO ₂ is reacted with potassium compounds. Nitrogen compounds are formed in the most significant amounts; according to field experiments, the content of readily available nitrogen in the 0–20 cm layer increases 4–7 times. Along with this, during the decomposition of carbon dioxide (СО ₂ → С + О ₂ ), oxygen is released, which even in small amounts becomes an oxidizing agent of organic matter, as a result of which humic acids and other ingredients that make up humus are additionally formed in the soil.

Ultimately, these and other processes in the soil contribute to an increase in humus formation and soil fertility, and, consequently, crop yields. It should be emphasized that the described processes and neoplasms are environmentally friendly, which is also transmitted to cultivated crops. The use of sludge sludge obtained by the improved technology as a bulk component is, among other things, the disposal of industrial wastes, in this case previously considered sludge wastes. The preparation and application of fertilizer components is also characterized by limited material, labor and energy costs. The high technical result is mainly the result of the interaction of the components of the organo-mineral complex fertilizer, introduced in a special way simultaneously with the plowing of the soil.

Claims (7)

1. Organic-mineral complex fertilizer containing bulk and liquid components, characterized in that the disinfected, decontaminated and dried sludge is used as the bulk component in the biological treatment of domestic wastewater, and carbonic acid H ₂ CO ₃ is used as the liquid component. 2. The fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that the ratio of bulk and liquid component in volume is 50: 1-40: 1. 3. The method of applying organo-mineral complex fertilizer simultaneously with plowing the soil, including the formation of a furrow during plowing, the introduction of a liquid component and closing the furrow, characterized in that the loose component is applied simultaneously with the liquid, the application of each component is carried out at different depths using a subsoiler, using which form a ridge bottom of the furrow with recesses, into which carbonic acid is fed under pressure followed by closing the furrow, and the loose component is smelled by rachivaniya top layer of soil loosened by the blade on Chisel. 4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that a chisel dump tool with inclined racks is used as a subsoiler. 5. The method according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the grooves of the bottom of the furrow is formed at a distance of 40-45 cm from the surface. 6. The method according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the turning of the upper soil layer is carried out to a depth of 15-20 cm 7. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that carbonic acid is supplied under a pressure of 0.2-0.5 MPa through pipelines on the back of the racks.

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