CN109121628B - Fertilizing control method for dry rot of hickory - Google Patents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of agricultural planting, and discloses a fertilizing and preventing method for hickory nut dry rot, which comprises the following steps: 1) spreading decomposed sheep manure around the hickory tree trunk along the crown in 11 months to 3 months of the next year; 2) in 11 months to 3 months of the next year, dolomite powder and lime are applied around the hickory tree body by adopting an annular scattering method and are applied on the decomposed sheep manure; 3) after fermentation treatment of fresh pecan hull waste, spreading the waste under the crown of a tree in the period from 11 months to 3 months in the next year on the soil around the pecan tree body, and covering the soil on sheep manure and dolomite powder or lime; 4) dissolving potassium humate in water, and in 5-7 months of the next year, opening shallow trench ring just below the periphery of the crown of the hickory nut for pouring. After the control by the method, the disease resistance of the hickory can be improved, the dry rot can be effectively controlled, the yield and the plumpness of the hickory are greatly improved, and the empty seed rate of the hickory is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of agricultural planting, in particular to a fertilizing and preventing method for dry rot of hickory.
Background
The dry rot of the hickory is a main disease which influences the growth and development of the hickory and causes the reduction of the yield of fruit trees, and seriously threatens the healthy development of the hickory industry.
The dry rot of the hickory nut mainly damages branches, trunks, trunk and lateral branches of saplings, the disease spots are nearly fusiform in the initial stage, the disease spots swell in the shape of dark gray water stain, a foam liquid flows by pressing with hands, the disease skin turns brown and has the taste of vinasse, the later disease skin loses water and is concave, and a plurality of small black spots are scattered on the disease spots. When the humidity is high, orange-red colloid emerges from the small black spot. When the dry rot of the hickory nut is serious, the disease spots expand to cause the longitudinal splitting of the cortex and the black water flows out. The symptoms are hidden in the phloem at the early stage of trunk infection, the appearance is not easy to see, when the symptoms are seen, the hypodermis is expanded by more than 20-30 cm, viscous black water flows and is often pasted on the trunk, the black water flows out along the crack of the bark at the later stage, and the bark is bright after being dried and looks like a layer of black paint.
At present, various methods for preventing and treating dry rot of the hickory nuts exist, for example, Chinese patent with application number CN201410452949.5 discloses a method for grafting and cultivating a dry rot resistant hickory nut seedling, wherein the method takes hickory nuts with susceptible dry rot as scions and 'strawberry type' hickory nuts in Hunan province as rootstocks. The hickory seedlings obtained by grafting and cultivating by the method have the resistance to dry rot. However, the method has high practical implementation difficulty and high operation cost, and is not suitable for large-scale popularization
Chinese patent with application number CN201710153286.0 discloses a compound fertilizer for preventing and treating dry rot of hickory and application thereof, wherein the compound fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10-25 parts of tourmaline, 5-8 parts of attapulgite, 3-12 parts of trace elements, 2-6 parts of radix puerariae, 4-10 parts of rare earth elements, 2-8 parts of sweet potato residues, 4-10 parts of ammonium sulfate, 6-15 parts of humus, 4-10 parts of folium artemisiae argyi, 4-12 parts of gamma-polyglutamic acid, 5-10 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 2-10 parts of glutathione, 2-6 parts of a slow release agent, 4-18 parts of weathered coal and 2-6 parts of citric acid. After the tourmaline, the glutathione and the potassium dihydrogen phosphate are matched, the compound fertilizer prepared by reasonable preparation can generate a synergistic effect to prevent and control the dry rot of the hickory nut, thereby improving the yield of the hickory nut. However, the compound fertilizer has complex components, contains various components with higher price, and is not beneficial to large-scale popularization.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a fertilizing and preventing method for dry rot of hickory, and the method can improve disease resistance of the hickory and effectively prevent the dry rot, greatly improve yield and plumpness of the hickory and reduce empty seed rate of the hickory.
The specific technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a fertilizing control method for dry rot of hickory nuts comprises the following steps:
1) spreading decomposed sheep manure around the stem of the hickory along the crown in the period from 11 months to 3 months of the next year, wherein the dosage of each plant is 3.5-5.5 kg.
In the invention, the decomposed sheep manure is used as a base fertilizer. The decomposed sheep manure contains rich nutrients, not only is easy to decompose available nutrients which can be absorbed and utilized by the hickory, but also has slow-release slow-acting nutrients which are not easy to decompose, and the fertilizer efficiency can be combined with the fertilizer efficiency to continuously supply the nutrients required by the hickory for growth.
2) In the period from 11 months to 3 months in the next year, dolomite powder and lime are applied around the hickory by a circular scattering method, the dosage of the dolomite powder is 1.5-2.0kg per plant, and the dosage of the lime is 0.5-1.5kg per plant.
The dolomite powder and lime can regulate the pH of the soil, promote the pH of acid soil to rise, inhibit the growth and propagation of harmful pathogenic bacteria in the soil and maintain the healthy environment for the growth of the hickory. The calcium and magnesium inorganic elements in the dolomite and the calcium element in the lime can provide inorganic elements such as calcium, magnesium and the like for the growth of the hickory, increase the trunk growth of the hickory and enhance the disease resistance and the infection immunity of the hickory.
3) After fermentation treatment of fresh pecan peel waste, spreading the waste under the crown of the pecan tree in the period from 11 months to 3 months next year in the amount of 1.0-3.0kg per plant on the sheep manure and dolomite powder or lime.
In the invention, the fermented pecan peel waste can provide organic matters and nutrients for pecans and microorganisms in soil, and meanwhile, the pecan peel waste contains a certain amount of alkaloid, can generate tanning substances in the composting fermentation process and has a good killing effect on pathogenic fungi. In addition, the pecan husk waste also contains K, Ca inorganic elements and Fe, Zn, Mn, Mg, Cu and the like trace elements, and can supplement inorganic nutrition required by the growth of the pecan trees and improve the soil fertility level. The pecan peel waste is adopted, so that the effects of improving soil and preventing plant diseases and insect pests are achieved.
4) Dissolving potassium humate in water, and in 5-7 months of the next year, pouring shallow trench rings under the periphery of the crown of the hickory nut, wherein the dosage of potassium humate is 0.1-0.5kg per plant.
The potassium humate is discovered accidentally in the long-term research process by the team of the invention, so that the existence of pathogenic bacteria of dry rot in soil can be effectively blocked by the potassium humate, and the infection of the pathogenic bacteria on the hickory trees is inhibited. The reason for this is probably that potassium humate can improve the population structure of microorganisms in soil, promote the propagation of antagonistic bacteria such as trichoderma and penicillium, increase the number of beneficial microorganisms in soil, and inhibit the activity of pathogenic bacteria of dry rot. In addition, the potassium humate is black in color, can increase soil blackness after being applied to soil, is beneficial to absorbing solar heat energy, regulates soil rhizosphere cell metabolism of the hickory tree body and promotes nutrient absorption.
Therefore, by adopting the fertilizing technology, under the synergistic application of the organic and inorganic fertilizers, the nutrient can be comprehensively supplied to the hickory, the physical characteristics of soil are improved, the granular structure of the soil is improved, the compactness of the soil is reduced, the growth of the root system of the soil is enhanced, the healthy growth of the hickory is promoted, the existence of damaged wounds of the hickory is reduced, the invasion of pathogenic bacteria to the hickory is blocked, the immunity of the hickory to dry rot is improved, the stress resistance is enhanced, and the yield of the hickory is increased.
Preferably, the fertilization control period is 1-3 years.
Preferably, in the step 3), the fermentation treatment method of the fresh pecan shell waste comprises the following steps: after picking fresh hickory, mechanically shelling the fresh hickory, and separating out waste of the fresh hickory shell; then adding urea to carry out composting and decomposition.
Preferably, the particle size (5 mm) of the fresh pecan shell waste is adjusted to 55-65% of the water content.
Preferably, the amount of urea added is 1-2% of the amount of fresh pecan hull waste.
Preferably, the fertilizer is applied to the periphery of the hickory tree by 0.5-1m in the steps 1) to 3).
Preferably, in the step 4), the content of organic matters in the potassium humate is more than or equal to 60%, the content of humic acid is more than or equal to 45%, the content of potassium oxide is 9-11%, and the pH value is more than or equal to 9.
It should be noted that not any potassium humate can be used to the present invention to achieve a good result. After research, the team of the invention finds that the application effect of the potassium humate is very obvious when the potassium humate meets the limited conditions.
Preferably, in step 4), the depth of the shallow trench is 5-10 cm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. by adopting the fertilizing technology, under the synergistic application of the organic and inorganic fertilizers, the nutrient can be comprehensively supplied to the pecan, the physical characteristics of the soil can be improved, the granular structure of the soil can be improved, the compactness of the soil can be reduced, the growth of the root system of the soil can be enhanced, the healthy growth of the pecan can be promoted, the existence of damaged wounds of the pecan can be reduced, the invasion of pathogenic bacteria to the pecan can be blocked, the immunity of the pecan to dry rot can be improved, and the stress resistance can be enhanced.
2. After the control by the method, the yield of the pecans is greatly improved (the yield can be improved by 50% at most after two years of control), the plumpness is improved by 2% in one year, and the empty seed rate of the pecans is reduced by 3.7% in one year.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a comparison of a stem of a pecan tree with and without control;
FIG. 2 is a normal hickory trunk;
FIG. 3 is a trunk of a dry rot hickory tree;
FIG. 4 shows lesions on the trunk of a dry rot hickory tree.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples.
General examples
A fertilization control method for dry rot of hickory nuts has a fertilization control period of 1-3 years, and comprises the following steps:
1) spreading decomposed sheep manure around the stem of Carya cathayensis Sarg at a distance of 0.5-1m along the crown in a period of 11 months to 3 months of the next year, wherein the amount of the manure is 3.5-5.5kg per plant.
2) In the period from 11 months to 3 months of the next year, the dolomite powder and lime are applied to the periphery of the hickory nut tree by a circular scattering method, the dosage is 1.5-2.0kg of dolomite powder per plant, and the dosage is 0.5-1.5kg of lime per plant, and the dolomite powder and lime are applied on the decomposed sheep manure.
3) After the fresh hickory is picked, mechanically shelling the fresh hickory, separating out fresh hickory shell waste, controlling the particle size (5 mm) of the fresh hickory shell waste, and adjusting the water content of the fresh hickory shell waste to be 55-65%; then adding 1-2% of urea, and composting and decomposing. After fermentation treatment of fresh pecan peel waste, spreading 0.5-1m of soil around the pecan tree along the crown in the period from 11 months to 3 months next year, wherein the dosage of each plant is 1.0-3.0kg, and covering sheep manure and dolomite powder or lime.
4) Dissolving potassium humate in water, and pouring into shallow trench ring with depth of 5-10cm under the periphery of Carya cathayensis crown in 5-7 months of the next year, wherein the amount of potassium humate is 0.1-0.5kg per plant. Wherein the content of organic matters in the potassium humate is more than or equal to 60 percent, the content of humic acid is more than or equal to 45 percent, the content of potassium oxide is 9-11 percent, and the pH value is more than or equal to 9.
Example 1
In the Zhejiang Linan Mingshan area where the hickory is widely planted, 12-year-old walnut trees are selected for fertilizing and preventing dry rot of the hickory:
1) spreading decomposed sheep manure around the stem of Carya cathayensis Mak 0.5-1m in 12 months at a dose of 4.5kg per plant;
2) in the next 2 months, the dolomite powder and lime are applied around the hickory nut tree by annular scattering method at a distance of 0.5-1m, the amount of the dolomite powder is 1.75kg per plant, and the lime is 1.0kg per plant.
3) After picking fresh pecans, mechanically shelling the fresh pecans, separating out fresh pecan shell waste, controlling the particle size (5 mm) of the fresh pecan shell waste, and adjusting the water content to be about 60%; then 1.5 percent of urea is added for composting and decomposing. Fermenting fresh pecan peel waste, spreading the fermented pecan peel waste under the crown of a plant in the next 3 months to the soil around the pecan tree body by 0.5-1m, wherein the dosage of each plant is 2.0kg, and covering the pecan peel waste and the dolomite powder or lime;
4) dissolving potassium humate in water, and pouring shallow trench ring with depth of 8cm under the periphery of the crown of hickory nut in 6 months of the next year, wherein the amount of potassium humate is 0.3kg per plant. Wherein the content of organic matters in the potassium humate is more than or equal to 60%, the content of humic acid is more than or equal to 45%, the content of potassium oxide is 10%, and the pH value is more than or equal to 9.
Example 2
In the Zhejiang Linan Mingshan area where the hickory is widely planted, 12-year-old walnut trees are selected for fertilizing and preventing dry rot of the hickory:
1) spreading decomposed sheep manure around the tree trunk of Carya cathayensis in 12 months at a dose of 3.5kg per plant;
2) in the next 2 months, dolomite powder and lime are applied around the hickory nut tree by an annular scattering method, the amount of the dolomite powder is 1.5kg per plant, and the amount of the lime is 0.5kg per plant, and the dolomite powder and the lime are applied on the decomposed sheep manure.
3) After picking fresh pecans, mechanically hulling the fresh pecans to separate fresh pecan shell waste, controlling the particle size (5 mm) of the fresh pecan shell waste, and adjusting the water content to be about 55%; then 1% of urea is added for composting and decomposing. After fermentation treatment of fresh pecan peel waste, in 3 months of the next year, the pecan peel waste is scattered under the crown of a plant for 0.5-1m of soil around the pecan tree body, the dosage of each plant is 1.0kg, and the pecan peel waste is covered on sheep manure and dolomite powder or lime.
4) Dissolving potassium humate in water, and pouring shallow trench ring with depth of 8cm under the periphery of the crown of the hickory nut in 5 months of the next year, wherein the dosage of potassium humate is 0.1kg per plant. Wherein the content of organic matters in the potassium humate is more than or equal to 60%, the content of humic acid is more than or equal to 45%, the content of potassium oxide is 9%, and the pH value is more than or equal to 9.
Example 3
In the Zhejiang Linan Mingshan area where the hickory is widely planted, 13-year-old walnut trees are selected for fertilizing and preventing the dry rot of the hickory:
1) spreading decomposed sheep manure around the stem of Carya cathayensis Mak 0.5-1m in 12 months at a dose of 5.5kg per plant;
2) in the next 2 months, the dolomite powder and lime are applied around the hickory nut tree by annular scattering method at a distance of 0.5-1m, the amount of the dolomite powder is 2.0kg per plant, and the lime amount is 1.5kg per plant.
3) After picking fresh pecans, mechanically shelling the fresh pecans, separating out fresh pecan shell waste, controlling the particle size (5 mm) of the fresh pecan shell waste, and adjusting the water content to be about 65%; then 2% of urea is added for composting and decomposing. In 3 months of the next year, spreading around the hickory tree 0.5-1m of soil under the crown, 3.0kg of soil per plant, covering sheep manure and dolomite powder or lime.
4) Dissolving potassium humate in water, and pouring shallow trench ring with depth of 8cm under the periphery of the crown of the hickory nut in 7 months of the next year, wherein the dosage of potassium humate is 0.5kg per plant. Wherein the content of organic matters in the potassium humate is more than or equal to 60%, the content of humic acid is more than or equal to 45%, the content of potassium oxide is 11%, and the pH value is more than or equal to 9.
Comparison of experiments
In the area of Linan Mingshan in Zhejiang province where hickory is widely planted, 16-year-old walnut trees are selected and local conventional fertilization treatment and fertilization treatment by the method (embodiment 1) are set. Through 2 years of continuous observation, the growth potential of the hickory nut treated by the fertilizing method is obviously different from that of the hickory nut treated by the conventional fertilizing method. The pecan tree treated by the method has strong growth vigor, dark green leaves, thick and glossy leaf quality, and the pecan leaves fertilized conventionally are light green and have no luster.
After the fertilizing technology is used, the pecan grows more vigorously, so that the pecan blooms better and fruits and has high yield. 350 mu of test base can obtain high yield every year between two years. 6.35 ten thousand jin in 2016 years; 6.62 jin in 2017 (a small year), which is increased by 4.3% compared with 2016 (a big year), and 12-13 jin in 2018 (a big year), which is expected to be increased by about 50% compared with 2016 (a big year).
In addition, the empty seed rate of the pecan is also reduced after the technology of the invention is sampled, 320 jin of wet materials are tested to have seeds good and 50 jin of empty seeds are tested in 2017, the empty seed rate is 13.5%, while the empty seed rate reaches 17.2% after the conventional fertilization treatment is tested to have 290 jin of wet materials, 240 jin of seeds good and 50 jin of empty seeds, the fertilization technology of the invention obviously reduces the empty seed rate; the plumpness of the hickory nut particles is measured, 2 jin of kernels are added to every 100 jin of hickory nut dry seeds by the fertilizing technology, and the plumpness is improved by about 2 percent.
Marking the position of the test tree with the trunk height of 1.5 meters, and checking the number of new disease spots and the number of relapse of old disease spots in the current year in the range below 1.5 meters to check the influence of the fertilizing technology on the dry rot of the hickory nut. The number of new scabs of 5 test trees in the current year before the test is averagely 13.6, and the number of old scabs is averagely 21. After the test, the average number of new scabs of 5 test trees in 2017 is 8.6, and the recurrence number of old scabs is 15.2; in 2018, the number of new scabs of 5 test trees is 3.6 on average, and the number of relapse of old scabs is 10.3. The occurrence of new scabs is reduced year by year, and particularly, no new scabs are found at the parts above the main branches influencing yield. The fertilization technology is continuously adopted every year, and the occurrence of dry rot is obviously reduced.
As shown in fig. 2, a normal hickory trunk; FIG. 3 shows a stem of a dry rot hickory tree; the disease spots on the trunk of the dry rot hickory tree are shown in fig. 4. Control (example 1) is compared to an uncontrolled hickory trunk as shown in figure 1. By comparison, the fertilizer application technology provided by the invention has the advantages that the hickory nut is strong in body, good in growth vigor and free of dead twigs, the occurrence of dry rot of the hickory nut is obviously reduced, and the symptoms of the original dry rot hickory nut are relieved and healed. And conventional fertilization management has serious dry rot phenomenon of the hickory, poor growth condition and more dead branches. The fertilizing technology of the invention can effectively enhance the disease resistance of the hickory, control the occurrence of dry rot and root rot of the hickory, has better production condition and can improve the output of the hickory.
The raw materials and equipment used in the invention are common raw materials and equipment in the field if not specified; the methods used in the present invention are conventional in the art unless otherwise specified.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and all simple modifications, alterations and equivalents of the above embodiments according to the technical spirit of the present invention are still within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A fertilizing control method for dry rot of hickory nuts is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) spreading decomposed sheep manure around the trunk of the hickory along the crown in the period from 11 months to 3 months of the next year, wherein the using amount of each plant is 3.5-5.5 kg;
2) in the period from 11 months to 3 months in the next year, applying dolomite powder and lime around the hickory by adopting an annular scattering method, wherein the dosage of the dolomite powder is 1.5-2.0kg per plant, and the dosage of the lime is 0.5-1.5kg per plant, and the dolomite powder and the lime are applied on the decomposed sheep manure;
3) after picking fresh hickory, mechanically shelling the fresh hickory, and separating out waste of the fresh hickory shell; then adding urea, composting, fermenting and decomposing, and spreading the fermented and decomposed product to soil around the pecan tree body along the crown in the period from 11 months to 3 months in the next year, wherein the dosage of each plant is 1.0-3.0kg, and the fermented and decomposed product covers the sheep manure and the dolomite powder or lime;
4) dissolving potassium humate in water, and in 5-7 months of the next year, pouring shallow trench rings under the periphery of the crown of the hickory nut, wherein the dosage of potassium humate is 0.1-0.5kg per plant; the content of organic matters in the potassium humate is more than or equal to 60 percent, the content of humic acid is more than or equal to 45 percent, the content of potassium oxide is 9-11 percent, and the pH value is more than or equal to 9.
2. The fertilizing method for preventing and treating hickory nut dry rot as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fertilizing period is 1-3 years.
3. The method for preventing and treating dry rot of hickory nut as claimed in claim 1, wherein the particle size of fresh hickory nut shell waste is less than 5mm, and the water content is adjusted to 55-65%.
4. The fertilizing method for preventing and treating dry rot of hickory nut as claimed in claim 1, wherein the addition amount of urea is 1-2% of the mass of fresh hickory nut hull waste.
5. The fertilizing method for preventing and treating dry rot of hickory nut as claimed in claim 1, wherein in steps 1) to 3), the fertilizer is applied to the periphery of the hickory nut tree for 0.5-1 m.
6. The fertilizing and preventing method for hickory nut dry rot disease as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 4), the depth of the shallow trench is 5-10 cm.
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| CN112673873A (en) * | 2020-12-24 | 2021-04-20 | 奉节县蓬运农业开发有限公司 | Plum planting method |
| CN113068555A (en) * | 2021-03-12 | 2021-07-06 | 杭州市林业科学研究院 | Method for preventing and treating dry rot of hickory planting area with high management strength |
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| CN105712798A (en) * | 2016-01-27 | 2016-06-29 | 安徽省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 | Hull prepared insect-prevention type special sweet potato compound fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN105906457A (en) * | 2016-03-31 | 2016-08-31 | 刘全 | Fertilizer capable of improving soil and balancing plant nutrients, and preparation and application methods thereof |
| CN105924305A (en) * | 2016-06-29 | 2016-09-07 | 万里神农有限公司 | Special organic slow-release fertilizer for fruit trees and application thereof |
| CN107148875A (en) * | 2016-07-11 | 2017-09-12 | 杭州珍鑫源食品有限公司 | The dry rot administering method of Chinese walnut |
| CN107896755A (en) * | 2017-12-04 | 2018-04-13 | 浙江聚贤盛邦农业科技有限公司 | A kind of method for integrated control of hickory nut dry rot |
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