CN108718877B - Method for preventing peach tree gummosis - Google Patents
Method for preventing peach tree gummosis Download PDFInfo
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- CN108718877B CN108718877B CN201810529119.6A CN201810529119A CN108718877B CN 108718877 B CN108718877 B CN 108718877B CN 201810529119 A CN201810529119 A CN 201810529119A CN 108718877 B CN108718877 B CN 108718877B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
- A01N59/02—Sulfur; Selenium; Tellurium; Compounds thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
- A01N59/06—Aluminium; Calcium; Magnesium; Compounds thereof
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preventing peach gummosis, which comprises the following steps: uniformly spreading the lime sulfur mixture residues under the soil surface 0.5-1.5 m away from the trunk of the peach tree within 1.5-2.5 months before the peach tree sprouts in spring to prevent the peach tree gummosis. The method disclosed by the invention can effectively prevent the occurrence of gummosis of the peach trees, can promote the healthy growth of the peach trees, and especially can improve the content of soluble solids of the peaches, thereby improving the quality of the peaches.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural plant protection, in particular to a method for preventing peach tree gummosis.
Background
The method has the advantages that the fruit trees are rich in resources, the industrial characteristics and the advantages are obvious, the fruit planting area, the yield and the output value are always in the famous places of the whole province, but the industrial structure of the fruits is unreasonable, and the proportion of the large fruits such as oranges, waxberries and the like is overlarge. In recent years, with the rise of leisure and sightseeing agriculture, peaches become one of the first-choice tree species of newly-built orchards due to the gorgeous and various flowers, rich fruit types, various varieties and strong adaptability, and the planting comparative benefit is continuously improved. Although the peach cultivation area in our market is continuously enlarged in recent years, the proportion of the peach cultivation area is still low. According to statistics, the cultivation area of fruits in the whole market in 2017 is 148.3 ten thousand mu, wherein the number of peaches is only 6.9 ten thousand mu. Currently, "high quality and high benefit" has become the main development target of Taizhou fruit industry, and peaches must become the preferable tree species for agricultural structure adjustment and rural economy development in all parts of our city.
However, in recent years, due to the influence of various factors such as mixed varieties, different tree ages, extensive cultivation management, climate conditions and the like, diseases and insect pests of peach gardens in China are common, and particularly peach tree gummosis is serious in local areas. Peach gummosis is a complex and difficult disease caused by multiple reasons, and is divided into non-invasive (also called physiological) gummosis and invasive gummosis, wherein the infectious gummosis is mainly caused by infection of various germs such as staphylococcus, peach cyst and the like, mainly harms branches and fruits, causes gummosis on parts such as main stems, lateral branches and fruits, is easily infected by saprophytic bacteria, causes the cortex and xylem of the peach gummosis to be browned and rotted, has large gum flow amount on serious trees, causes the tree vigor to be weak, even the branches or the whole plant to die, further causes influence on the yield of the peach and the quality of the fruits, and brings huge loss to the peach farmers.
At present, the tree body is easily damaged by adopting a conventional medicament for preventing and treating gummosis, so that the growth vigor of the peach tree is weakened, the immunity is reduced, and the peach tree is easily infected again to form a vicious circle when the next disease period comes; the chemical agent is used for solving the gummosis problem, and the modes of brushing, smearing and the like are usually adopted, but the defects of short sterilization period, single action mode, labor and time waste for scraping the gummosis part and damage to the side effect of the tree body are that the infected focus problem cannot be effectively solved; in addition, a series of treatment schemes such as smearing, high-concentration brushing or spraying of branches and trunks, root irrigation, medicament leaf surface spraying and the like are adopted in production, and although a certain effect can be achieved, some restriction factors exist. Therefore, the search for a method for effectively preventing and treating peach tree gummosis is a near-cutting need in the current production.
The lime sulphur mixture is a high-efficiency low-toxicity pesticide which is safe to people and livestock, has wide sterilization and insecticidal range, and has double functions of preventing and controlling diseases and pests and protecting trees; the lime sulphur mixture has the advantages of simple decocting method, low cost, good effect and strong practicability, and mainly plays a role in protecting fruit trees. The lime sulphur mixture has the best application effect before or at the initial stage of the disease, is generally used as a garden cleaning agent in the half month before the peach tree sprouts in production, is sprayed on the whole plant of the peach tree, and has better prevention effect on diseases such as peach tree leaf shrinkage, branch blight, brown rot and the like; however, lime sulphur has a poor effect of preventing gummosis of peach trees.
The ratio of the amount of quicklime, sulfur and water used in the lime-sulfur mixture currently used for cleaning gardens is usually 1:2:10, after spraying, the pesticide not only has better prevention effect on diseases such as peach leaf curl disease, branch blight, brown rot and the like, but also has better safety; if the proportion of the sulfur is increased, although the effect of preventing diseases is improved, a certain inhibition effect is generated on the germination of the peach trees, and even the pesticide damage is caused. The lime-sulfur mixture is prepared by decocting quicklime and sulfur in water; during decoction, a tile pot or a pig iron pot is needed, a copper pot or an aluminum pot cannot be used, and otherwise, the drug effect is influenced.
The lime-lime residue is the residue left after boiling the mixture of quicklime, sulfur and water, cooling and pouring out the supernatant (lime-lime). The residue is generally used as waste and is directly thrown away, which not only causes serious waste, but also seriously pollutes the environment. At present, research reports show that the residue is prepared into a whitening agent for protecting trunks, can prevent sunburn and frost damage, has the effects of sterilization, pest control and the like, and is basically ineffective for peach tree gummosis.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for preventing peach tree gummosis, which can effectively prevent peach tree gummosis, promote healthy growth of peach trees, and particularly improve the content of soluble solids (TSS) of peaches so as to improve the quality of peaches.
The specific technical scheme is as follows:
a method for preventing peach tree gummosis comprises the following steps: uniformly spreading the lime sulfur mixture residues under the soil surface 0.5-1.5 m away from the trunk of the peach tree within 1.5-2.5 months before the peach tree sprouts in spring to prevent the peach tree gummosis.
In the prior art, the method for preventing peach tree gummosis usually adopts the mode of applying bacterial manure and root-promoting agent (medicinal soil) into soil, and then combining scraping, brushing, smearing and the like; if necessary, the method also needs whole plant spraying, namely, the prevention and treatment are carried out by measures such as branch and trunk coating, root irrigation, medicament spraying and the like, but the treatment effect of the method is not ideal, the field operation is labor-consuming and time-consuming, and the method also has side effect and damage to trees.
According to the experimental surprise, the lime sulfur mixture residues are uniformly scattered under the soil surface 0.5-1.5 m away from the trunk of the peach tree within 1.5-2.5 months before the peach tree sprouts in spring, the gummosis of the peach tree can be effectively prevented and treated, and the effect is obvious.
Specifically, the preparation method of the lime-sulfur mixture residue comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing quicklime, sulfur and water in proportion, heating and decocting, cooling, and pouring out supernatant to obtain residual massive residues;
(2) and crushing the massive residues to obtain granular lime sulphur mixture residues.
Experiments show that the dosage proportions of the quicklime, the sulfur and the water are different, and the obtained lime-sulfur mixture residues have different control effects on peach gummosis.
Preferably, the usage proportion of the quicklime, the sulfur and the water is 1: 2-4: 10.
more preferably, the usage proportion of the quicklime, the sulfur and the water is 1:3: 10.
preferably, the amount of the lime-sulfur mixture residue applied is 1.0 to 3.0kg per plant; the lime sulphur mixture residue in the dosage range has the best prevention and treatment effect on peach gummosis.
More preferably, the dosage of the lime sulphur admixture residues is 2.0 kg/plant, and the best prevention and control effect can be ensured under the condition that the dosage of the lime sulphur admixture residues is the lowest.
The application mode of the lime sulphur mixture residues has an influence on the prevention effect of peach gummosis. Preferably, the lime-sulfur mixture residue is applied in the following manner: and uniformly spreading the lime-sulfur mixture residues around the trunk of the peach tree at a position 25-35 cm below the soil surface.
Digging a ring ditch around the trunk of the peach tree, uniformly spreading lime sulphur residues in the ring ditch, and covering the ring ditch again with dug soil.
The peach trees are shallow root fruit trees, and the absorption roots are generally distributed in a 0-40 cm soil layer. If the soil is applied to the soil surface for more than 40cm, the root system can be attracted to grow downwards, and root rot is easily induced; if the effective components are applied on the soil surface or less than 25cm below the soil surface, the effective components are easy to lose, and the effect of preventing peach tree gummosis is not achieved.
Preferably, a ring trench is dug around the trunk of the peach tree, lime sulphur residues are uniformly scattered in the ring trench, and the ring trench is re-covered with dug soil.
The lime sulphur residues can be applied by conventional fertilization methods such as ring-shaped and hole-shaped application, and preferably, the lime sulphur residues are uniformly scattered under the soil surface by ring-shaped application and then covered with soil. The mode enables the peach trees to absorb the peach trees slowly and uniformly under the action of natural rainfall (rain), so that the growth of the peach trees can be promoted, and the effect of preventing the gummosis of the peach trees can be achieved.
Preferably, the peach tree is a honey peach tree. More preferably, the variety of the peach tree is a medium-maturing variety Baili.
The prevention and treatment effects of the lime sulphur mixture residues on peach gummosis are different for peach trees in different growth stages, and preferably, the peach trees are 4-8 years old and are in a stage of high yield.
Preferably, the fertilizing method of the peach trees is as follows: before germination, applying 1.0-1.5 kg of compound fertilizer to soil per plant; spraying nutrient solution containing multiple trace elements of boron, calcium, amino acid and biological stimulin during the young fruit expansion period; one week after picking, applying 1.0-1.5 kg of compound fertilizer on soil; in the leaf falling period, 10-15 kg of organic fertilizer is applied to soil per plant.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) in the method, within 1.5-2.5 months before the peach tree sprouts in spring, lime sulfur mixture residues are uniformly scattered under the soil surface 0.5-1.5 m away from the trunk of the peach tree, so that the peach tree gummosis is prevented; the peach gum bleeding preventing agent can effectively prevent peach gum bleeding diseases, can promote healthy growth of peach trees, and particularly can improve the content of soluble solids (TSS) of peaches, so that the quality of peaches is improved.
(2) The method adopts the lime sulphur mixture residues as the materials for preventing the gummosis of the peach trees, is convenient and easy to obtain, has sufficient material sources, low cost, time and labor conservation and simple field operation, greatly solves the problem of treatment of the lime sulphur mixture residues, and changes waste into valuable.
(3) The method utilizes the residue of the common fruit tree garden cleaning agent lime sulphur, can effectively prevent peach tree gummosis, reduces the chemical agents for preventing peach tree gummosis all the year round, plays a good role in reducing drug and weight, and thus ensures the healthy and sustainable development of the peach industry.
Detailed Description
EXAMPLE 1 preparation of lime sulphur residue
1. Preparation of lime sulphur:
(1) putting quicklime in a pig iron pan, adding a small amount of water, and after the lime is decomposed, adding the following components in percentage by weight: sulfur: adding enough water into the mixture according to the ratio of 1:2:10 to boil, and slowly pouring the sulfur paste stirred by a small amount of hot water along the pot edge to stir uniformly;
(2) recording the water level at the moment, boiling the water with fire, then boiling the water for about 50 minutes, supplementing the water level with hot water when the liquid level is lower than the previous water level line in the boiling process, and not adding water within 15 minutes before stopping the fire;
(3) stopping boiling when the water in the pot is dark reddish brown and the residue at the bottom is bluish green; the clear liquid after cooling is the lime sulphur mixture mother liquid (the mother liquid needs to be diluted in production, the method is that the degree of the stock solution is measured by a baume densimeter, and the diluted water addition amount is calculated according to the required concentration, namely the water addition amount (jin) — the stock solution concentration ÷ the diluent concentration — -1).
2. Obtaining lime sulphur mixture residues:
after cooling, the supernatant (i.e. lime sulphur mother liquor) is poured off and the remaining residue is crushed to obtain lime sulphur residue.
3. The preparation method of the white coating agent comprises the following steps: and preparing the whitening agent from the lime residue, the lime residue and the lime residue in a ratio of 10:1: 40.
Example 2
1. General description of the experiment
The test was conducted in a plantation base in Taizhou city, Zhejiang province. The peach tree gummosis of the base is common. The peach tree variety to be tested is a medium-maturing variety Baili, the tree age is 6 years, the plant-row spacing is 3 meters multiplied by 5 meters, three main branches are pruned and are in the full-bearing period.
2. Design of test treatment
10 treatments are established in the experiment, each treatment is repeated for 3 times, and 30 cells are totally arranged, each cell is provided with 30 peach trees, and random block arrangement is performed among the treatment cells. In addition, the whole growth period of the peach trees is uniformly managed by a conventional method.
The annual fertilization situation is as follows: in 2017, 8 and 15 days, namely one week after fruit picking, 1.2kg of compound fertilizer is applied to soil; in 2017, 10 and 15 days, 15.0kg of organic fertilizer is applied to soil; in 2018, 3 and 19 days, namely 3 days before germination, 1.0kg of compound fertilizer is applied to soil; in 2018, 22 days in 4 months, namely the young fruit expanding period, 1000 times more nutrient solution is sprayed.
The lime sulphur residue or the white paint prepared in example 1 was used in the following treatments, unless otherwise specified.
Treatment 1:2 months (21 days in 1 month) before the peach tree sprouts in spring, uniformly spraying 1.0 kg/plant of lime sulfur mixture residues at a position 30cm below the soil surface by adopting a ring fertilization method near a peripheral vertical line (0.8 m away from the peach tree trunk) of a crown of the peach tree, and then covering the soil on the top again.
And (3) treatment 2: 2 months (21 days in 1 month) before the peach tree sprouts in spring, uniformly spraying 2.0 kg/plant of lime sulfur mixture residues at a position 30cm below the soil surface by adopting a ring fertilization method near a peripheral vertical line (0.8 m away from the peach tree trunk) of a crown of the peach tree, and then covering the soil on the top again.
And (3) treatment: 2 months (21 days in 1 month) before the peach tree sprouts in spring, uniformly spraying 3.0 kg/plant of lime sulfur mixture residues at a position 30cm below the soil surface by adopting a ring fertilization method near a peripheral vertical line (0.8 m away from the peach tree trunk) of a crown of the peach tree, and then covering the soil on the top again.
And (4) treatment: 2 months (21 days in 1 month) before the peach tree sprouts in spring, 2.0 kg/plant of lime-sulfur mixture residues (obtained by changing the ratio of quicklime to sulfur to water into 1:3:10 according to the method in example 1) are uniformly scattered and applied to the position 30cm below the soil surface near the peripheral vertical line (0.8 m away from the peach tree trunk) of the crown of the peach tree by adopting a ring-shaped fertilization method, and then the soil is covered on the peach tree again.
And (4) treatment 5: 2 months (21 days in 1 month) before the peach tree sprouts in spring, and 2.0kg of lime sulphur mixture residues are directly and uniformly scattered on the soil surface per peach tree by adopting an annular fertilization method near the peripheral vertical line (0.8 m away from the trunk of the peach tree) of the crown of the peach tree.
And (6) treatment: the whitening agent is uniformly applied to the trunk of the peach tree 2 months (1 month and 21 days) before the peach tree sprouts in spring by adopting a conventional whitening method.
And (7) treatment: uniformly spraying the whole peach plant with lime sulphur with the conventional dosage of 3-5 Baume degrees in production 2 months (1 month and 21 days) before the peach sprouts in spring.
And (4) treatment 8: and uniformly spraying the whole peach plant with the lime sulfur mixture with the conventional use amount of 3-5 Baume degrees in production in a half month before the peach sprouts in spring (3 months and 7 days which are the conventional garden cleaning time in production).
And (4) treatment: in the half month (3 months and 7 days) before the peach tree sprouts in spring, uniformly spraying 2.0 kg/plant of lime sulfur mixture residues at the position 30cm below the soil surface by adopting an annular fertilization method near the peripheral vertical line (0.8 m away from the peach tree trunk) of the crown of the peach tree, and then covering the soil on the top again;
CK: blank control.
3. Measurement index and measurement method
(1) Before the mature period of the peaches, namely the first batch of fruits, and after the gummosis of the peaches is stable, the morbidity of the peaches in each cell is investigated, the morbidity degree is recorded, the disease index and the prevention effect are calculated, and the prevention effect of each treatment on the gummosis of the peaches is analyzed.
The prophylactic effect (%) - (index of disease in placebo-index of disease in treatment area)/index of disease in placebo × 100%.
(2) And (3) randomly selecting 30 peaches in each cell in the mature period of the peaches, namely the first batch of fruits, measuring the content of soluble solids (TSS) in the pedicles and the tops of the peaches, and analyzing and comparing the influence of each treatment on the content of The Soluble Solids (TSS) in the pedicles and the tops of the peaches in the peaches.
The CK increase (%) is (treatment zone average TSS content-blank zone average TSS content)/blank zone average TSS content × 100%.
4. Test results
The results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 Effect of different treatments on the prevention of gummosis in peach trees and the content of soluble solids in fruits
As can be seen from the results in table 1, in the same treatment method, the effect of preventing bleeding of peach trees and the content of soluble solid matter (TSS) in peach trees were improved as the amount of lime sulphur admixture residues was increased, and the effect of preventing bleeding of peach trees was found to be ideal for the treatment 2 and the treatment 3, i.e., 2.0 kg/peach tree and 3.0 kg/peach tree, the effect of preventing bleeding of peach trees was 77.07% and 78.93%, respectively, and the content of soluble solid matter (TSS) in peach trees was increased by 56.25% and 59.15%, respectively, in comparison with CK.
This indicates that: the lime sulfur mixture residues are uniformly scattered at a position which is 30cm below the soil surface and is 0.8m away from the trunk of the peach tree 2 months before the peach tree sprouts in spring, so that the occurrence of gummosis of the peach tree can be effectively prevented, and the content of soluble solids (TSS) of the peach tree can be increased.
As can be seen from the results in Table 1, under the same treatment method, the effect of treatment 4 is most ideal, and the prevention effect on peach tree gummosis is 80.36%, which is slightly better than that of treatment 2 and treatment 3; the content of soluble solids (TSS) of peaches is increased 59.76% compared with CK, which is slightly higher than that of treatment 2 and treatment 3.
This indicates that: quicklime was mixed as described in example 1: sulfur: the lime sulfur mixture residue obtained after the water ratio is changed to 1:3:10 is uniformly spread at a position 30cm below the soil surface 0.8m away from the trunk of the peach tree, so that the prevention effect on peach tree gummosis can be properly improved, and the content of peach soluble solids (TSS) can be slightly improved.
Also, as can be seen from the results in table 1, the treatment methods other than treatment 4 had poor effects on preventing gummosis of peach trees and on treating peach soluble solids (TSS) content, which were not as high as those of treatment 2 and treatment 3.
The field test results comprehensively show that within 1.5-2.5 months before the peach tree sprouts in spring, the lime sulfur mixture residues are uniformly spread under the soil surface 0.5-1.5 m away from the trunk of the peach tree, so that the occurrence of gummosis of the peach tree can be effectively prevented, the healthy growth of the peach tree can be promoted, particularly, the content of soluble solids (TSS) of the peach tree can be improved, and the quality of the peach tree can be improved.
Claims (4)
1. A method for preventing peach tree gummosis is characterized by comprising the following steps: uniformly spreading the lime sulphur residues under the soil surface 0.5-1.5 m away from the trunk of the peach tree within 1.5-2.5 months before the peach tree sprouts in spring, and uniformly spreading the lime sulphur residues around the trunk of the peach tree at a position 25-35 cm below the soil surface to prevent peach tree gummosis;
the peach trees are honey peach trees;
the preparation process of the lime sulphur residue comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing quicklime, sulfur and water in proportion, heating and decocting, cooling, and pouring out supernatant to obtain residual massive residues; the usage ratio of the quicklime to the sulfur to the water is 1: 2-4: 10;
(2) crushing the massive residues to obtain granular lime sulphur mixture residues;
the amount of lime sulphur admixture residue applied is 1.0-3.0 kg per plant.
2. A method for preventing gummosis in peach trees as claimed in claim 1, wherein an annular trench is dug around the trunk of the peach tree, the lime-sulfur mixture residue is uniformly scattered in the annular trench, and the dug soil is used to recoat the pit.
3. The method for preventing peach tree gummosis according to claim 1, wherein the age of the peach tree is 4-8 years.
4. The method for preventing peach tree gummosis according to claim 1, wherein the peach tree is fertilized by the method comprising the following steps: before germination, applying 1.0-1.5 kg of compound fertilizer to soil per plant; spraying nutrient solution in the young fruit expansion period; one week after picking, applying 1.0-1.5 kg of compound fertilizer on soil; in the leaf falling period, 10-15 kg of organic fertilizer is applied to soil per plant.
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