CN113854085A - Method for planting radix pseudostellariae and application - Google Patents
Method for planting radix pseudostellariae and application Download PDFInfo
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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Abstract
The method is characterized in that the method adopts an organic fertilizer combined with trichoderma or an organic fertilizer combined with trichoderma and field management topdressing to replace a chemical fertilizer method for planting, can reduce the occurrence of diseases of the radix pseudostellariae to a certain extent, further reduce the use amount of pesticides and improve the yield and quality of the radix pseudostellariae.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of planting of traditional Chinese medicinal materials, and particularly relates to a method for planting radix pseudostellariae and application thereof.
Background
The radix Pseudostellariae is derived from 'materia medica novelty', is the root tuber of Pseudostellaria heterophylla Heterophylla (Miquel) Pax of Caryophyllaceae, and has effects of invigorating qi, invigorating spleen, promoting fluid production and moistening lung[1]. Since 1963, the pseudostellaria root is recorded by the Chinese pharmacopoeia, so far, the pseudostellaria root is not only used as an important product of 'clear and tonify' and 'qi and yin tonifying' of qi tonics, but also is one of medicinal plants published by Wei Jian Wei and used for health-care foods. The radix pseudostellariae is originally produced in the places of Fujian province, Shandong province, Anhui province and the like, the radix pseudostellariae is mainly used as a medicine by a cultivation product nowadays, the cultivation history of nearly one hundred years is existed so far, and the current circulation medicinal material production place is mainly derived from the Fujian provinceHonor, Guizhou Shi, Guizhou Huangping, Fujian Quanzize, etc[2-4]. Since the introduction of radix pseudostellariae in 1992, Guizhou province has developed into the main production area of radix pseudostellariae in China due to the suitable habitat of Guizhou province, and the yield accounts for 60 percent of the market share[5]. However, with the increase of planting years, the application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides to radix pseudostellariae also causes the content of saponin and polysaccharide of the radix pseudostellariae to be obviously reduced in medicinal quality, which becomes an important problem for restraining the development of the radix pseudostellariae planting industry at present, particularly, the virus disease of the radix pseudostellariae often begins to erupt at the seedling stage and reaches the peak in the growth period, once the leaf of the plant is withered and appears in a spot shape, the plant growth is seriously influenced, the protection effect of the pesticide is not optimistic at present, and the risks of environmental pollution, pesticide residue increase and the like exist[6-8]。
Chemical pesticides are usually the first choice in the control of plant diseases, but are often applied in excess during the use process, so that although the plant diseases are inhibited, a large amount of beneficial microorganisms in the environment are reduced, the agricultural ecosystem is damaged, and the drug resistance of plant pathogenic bacteria can be continuously improved by applying the chemical pesticides for a long time. Biological control is an important component of Integrated Pest Management (IPM), which aims to achieve sustainable agricultural development and is receiving attention in agricultural production. The application of microbial antagonism in biological control is emphasized, and many microorganisms have been found to have biological control effect, and trichoderma is one of the microorganisms. Trichoderma inoculant as common agricultural biocontrol strain[9-11]The traditional Chinese medicine composition is used for preventing and treating damping off, damping off and epidemic diseases of traditional Chinese medicinal materials such as ginseng, American ginseng and the like at present, and is found to have certain influence on the quality and the yield of the traditional Chinese medicinal materials[12-13]。
The Chinese patent application in the prior art, application number: CN202110530056.8, inventive name: the cultivation method for ecologically preventing and controlling the comprehensive diseases of the radix pseudostellariae comprises the following steps:
(1) performing parameter processing; (2) treating soil before planting; (3) layering and three-dimensional fertilization: paving an organic fertilizer layer, a lower fine soil layer, a plant ash layer, a middle fine soil layer, a potassium sulfate composite fertilizer layer and an upper fine soil layer at the bottom of the trench after the soil treatment before the planting in the step (2) from bottom to top in sequence; the fertilizing amount of the organic fertilizer layer is 200 Kg/mu; the fertilizing amount of the plant ash layer is 50 Kg/mu; the fertilizing amount of the potassium sulfate composite fertilizer layer is 15 Kg/mu; (4) sowing: planting the breeding seeds processed in the step (1) in the furrows subjected to the layered and three-dimensional fertilization in the step (3). The bactericide used in the step (1) of ginseng treatment is prepared by mixing carbendazim suspending agent and water according to the ratio of 1: 1200, mixing; the carbendazim suspending agent contains 50% of carbendazim by mass. Mixing the seed breeding processed in the step (1) with a mixed solution of 600 times of bacillus subtilis and trichoderma harzianum before sowing in the step (4), wherein 6g of the mixed solution is used for every 10kg of the seed breeding, the concentration of the trichoderma harzianum and the bacillus subtilis in the mixed solution is 10:1, and the effective viable count of the mixed solution of 600 times of the bacillus subtilis and the trichoderma harzianum is more than or equal to 2 hundred million CFU/g. The method reduces the disease by 30-60% under the condition of greatly reducing the dosage of the radix pseudostellariae and the usage amount of the fertilizer, so that the quality of the radix pseudostellariae is improved, and the yield can be increased by more than 20%. However, this method has the following drawbacks: firstly, only trichoderma is used for companion seeds, the protection of trichoderma is not realized in the growth period, and the biological protection in the true sense cannot be realized; secondly, the base fertilizer uses chemical fertilizer, and the incidence rate is high.
In order to realize green ecological planting of radix pseudostellariae, the radix pseudostellariae is planted in a mode that organic fertilizer, organic fertilizer and trichoderma are combined, the organic fertilizer and trichoderma are combined, field management topdressing is conducted to replace a chemical fertilizer on the basis of the traditional fertilization level, and as a result, the yield and the quality of the radix pseudostellariae can be improved by combining the organic fertilizer and the trichoderma and field management topdressing are combined to replace the chemical fertilizer.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for planting radix pseudostellariae.
The invention also aims to provide application of the trichoderma preparation in planting of the heterophylly falsestarwort root in combination with organic fertilizer.
The method for planting the radix pseudostellariae comprises the following steps of:
1) selecting land, preparing land and planting
Selecting soil with moderate loess, acidity and fertility, arranging the soil into cells with the terrain of gentle slope, wherein each cell is 0.8-1.3 m wide, 0.3 m compartment distance and 8 m long, and the usage amount of organic fertilizer is 2000-4000 kg/hm2Sowing radix pseudostellariae according to the dosage of 64.85 jin of radix pseudostellariae;
2) management of field
After seedling emergence, spraying trichoderma every 10-15 days or adding a fertilizer after spraying trichoderma, manually weeding, and harvesting after the radix pseudostellariae is mature.
Preferably, the using amount of the organic fertilizer is 2300-3700 kg/hm2。
Further preferably, the use amount of the organic fertilizer is 2600-3400 kg/hm2。
Further preferably, the using amount of the organic fertilizer is 3000kg/hm2。
The concentration of the trichoderma in the invention is 100 mg/L-500 mg/L, and 5L of trichoderma is applied to each cell.
Preferably, the trichoderma of the present invention has a concentration of 200mg/L, and 5L per cell.
Further preferably, the trichoderma of the present invention has a concentration of 300mg/L, administered 5L per cell.
The fertilizer of the invention is used in the following amount: 555kg/hm2。
The total nutrient of the fertilizer of the invention is more than or equal to 45 percent, and the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 15: 15.
The trichoderma preparation is applied to planting radix pseudostellariae in combination with an organic fertilizer.
The organic fertilizer provided by the invention is only a conventional organic fertilizer, and does not need special treatment.
Advantageous effects
1. The problems existing in the prior art are as follows: firstly, only trichoderma is used for companion seeds, the protection of trichoderma is not realized in the growth period, and the biological protection in the true sense cannot be realized; secondly, the base fertilizer uses chemical fertilizer, and the incidence rate is high.
The invention solves the technical problem, and specifically comprises the following steps: firstly, trichoderma is applied all the time in the field management in the growing period, so that biological protection is really realized; secondly, the base fertilizer does not use chemical fertilizers, and all organic fertilizers are used, so that the morbidity is low; the fertilizer is applied in a top dressing mode during field management, so that the yield and the quality of the radix pseudostellariae are improved.
2. On the basis of the traditional fertilization level, the yield and the quality of the radix pseudostellariae can be improved by combining the organic fertilizer with the trichoderma, combining the organic fertilizer with the trichoderma and field management topdressing to replace a chemical fertilizer, and combining the organic fertilizer with the trichoderma, combining the organic fertilizer with the trichoderma and field management topdressing to replace the chemical fertilizer.
3. Experiments show that the application of the organic fertilizer and the biological agent can effectively improve the medicinal material quality of radix pseudostellariae, and the trichoderma agent with the concentration (300mg/L) can reduce the disease of the radix pseudostellariae to a certain extent in the disease prevention process, so that the using amount of pesticide is reduced.
4. Experiments show that the trichoderma preparation used in the yield improvement has no obvious dose correlation, but the use results of trichoderma preparation combined organic fertilizer treatment and trichoderma preparation combined organic fertilizer topdressing treatment show that the yield improvement range of low-concentration (100mg/L) trichoderma preparation used in the same group of treatment is the largest, and the topdressing group is obviously higher than that of a non-topdressing group, but the yield can still be improved compared with a fertilizer planting group.
5. Experiments show that for improving the quality of radix pseudostellariae, the trichoderma agent and organic fertilizer combined treatment group has the best effect of promoting long-term phase with low concentration (100mg/L), and the radix pseudostellariae quality improving effect with medium concentration (300mg/L) after additional fertilization is applied is better; the extract content in the top dressing group is the highest with concentration (300 mg/L).
Drawings
FIG. 1 incidence of viral disease in different treatment groups
Detailed Description
Example 1 method for planting radix Pseudostellariae
1) Selecting land, preparing land and planting
Selecting yellow soil, subacid soil with moderate fertility and gentle slope, and finishing the soil into a communityEach cell is 0.8-1.3 m wide, 0.3 m compartment distance and 8 m long, and the usage amount of the organic fertilizer is 3000kg/hm2Sowing radix pseudostellariae according to the dosage of 64.85 jin of radix pseudostellariae;
2) management of field
Spraying trichoderma every 10-15 days after seedling emergence, wherein the concentration of the trichoderma is 300mg/L, 5L of the trichoderma is applied to each community, or 555kg/hm of chemical fertilizer is supplemented after the trichoderma is sprayed2(total nutrient is more than or equal to 45 percent, and the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 15: 15), artificially weeding, and harvesting after the radix pseudostellariae is mature.
Example 2 method for planting radix Pseudostellariae
1) Selecting land, preparing land and planting
Selecting soil with yellow soil, acidity and fertility being moderate, arranging the soil into cells, wherein each cell is 0.8-1.3 m wide, 0.3 m apart from each other and 8 m long, and the usage amount of organic fertilizer is 3000kg/hm2Sowing radix pseudostellariae according to the dosage of 64.85 jin of radix pseudostellariae;
2) management of field
Spraying trichoderma every 10-15 days after seedling emergence, wherein the concentration of the trichoderma is 100mg/L, 5L of the trichoderma is applied to each community, or 555kg/hm of chemical fertilizer is supplemented after the trichoderma is sprayed2(total nutrient is more than or equal to 45 percent, and the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 15: 15), artificially weeding, and harvesting after the radix pseudostellariae is mature.
Example 3 method for planting radix Pseudostellariae
1) Selecting land, preparing land and planting
Selecting soil with yellow soil, acidity and fertility being moderate, arranging the soil into cells, wherein each cell is 0.8-1.3 m wide, 0.3 m apart from each other and 8 m long, and the usage amount of organic fertilizer is 3000kg/hm2Sowing radix pseudostellariae according to the dosage of 64.85 jin of radix pseudostellariae;
2) management of field
Spraying trichoderma every 10-15 days after seedling emergence, wherein the concentration of the trichoderma is 200mg/L, 5L of the trichoderma is applied to each community, or 555kg/hm of chemical fertilizer is supplemented after the trichoderma is sprayed2(total nutrient is more than or equal to 45 percent, and the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 15: 15), artificially weeding, and harvesting after the radix pseudostellariae is mature.
Example 4 method for planting radix Pseudostellariae
1) Selecting land, preparing land and planting
Selecting soil with yellow soil, acidity and fertility being moderate, arranging the soil into cells, wherein each cell is 0.8-1.3 m wide, 0.3 m apart from each other and 8 m long, and the usage amount of organic fertilizer is 3000kg/hm2Sowing radix pseudostellariae according to the dosage of 64.85 jin of radix pseudostellariae;
2) management of field
Spraying trichoderma every 10-15 days after seedling emergence, wherein the concentration of the trichoderma is 400mg/L, 5L of the trichoderma is applied to each community, or 555kg/hm of chemical fertilizer is supplemented after the trichoderma is sprayed2(total nutrient is more than or equal to 45 percent, and the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 15: 15), artificially weeding, and harvesting after the radix pseudostellariae is mature.
Example 5 method for planting radix Pseudostellariae
1) Selecting land, preparing land and planting
Selecting soil with yellow soil, acidity and fertility being moderate, arranging the soil into cells, wherein each cell is 0.8-1.3 m wide, 0.3 m apart from each other and 8 m long, and the usage amount of organic fertilizer is 3000kg/hm2Sowing radix pseudostellariae according to the dosage of 64.85 jin of radix pseudostellariae;
2) management of field
Spraying trichoderma every 10-15 days after seedling emergence, wherein the concentration of the trichoderma is 500mg/L, 5L of the trichoderma is applied to each community, or 555kg/hm of chemical fertilizer is supplemented after the trichoderma is sprayed2(total nutrient is more than or equal to 45 percent, and the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 15: 15), artificially weeding, and harvesting after the radix pseudostellariae is mature.
Example 6 method for planting radix Pseudostellariae
1) Selecting land, preparing land and planting
Selecting soil with yellow soil, acidity and fertility being moderate, arranging the soil into cells, wherein each cell is 0.8-1.3 m wide, 0.3 m apart from each other and 8 m long, and the usage amount of organic fertilizer is 2000kg/hm2Sowing radix pseudostellariae according to the dosage of 64.85 jin of radix pseudostellariae;
2) management of field
Spraying trichoderma every 10-15 days after seedling emergence, wherein the concentration of the trichoderma is 300mgPer liter, 5L of fertilizer is applied to each cell or 555kg/hm of fertilizer is added after trichoderma is sprayed2(total nutrient is more than or equal to 45 percent, and the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 15: 15), artificially weeding, and harvesting after the radix pseudostellariae is mature.
Example 7 method for planting radix Pseudostellariae
1) Selecting land, preparing land and planting
Selecting soil with yellow soil, acidity and fertility being moderate, arranging the soil into cells, wherein each cell is 0.8-1.3 m wide, 0.3 m apart from each other and 8 m long, and the usage amount of organic fertilizer is 2000kg/hm2Sowing radix pseudostellariae according to the dosage of 64.85 jin of radix pseudostellariae;
2) management of field
Spraying trichoderma every 10-15 days after seedling emergence, wherein the concentration of the trichoderma is 100mg/L, 5L of the trichoderma is applied to each community, or 555kg/hm of chemical fertilizer is supplemented after the trichoderma is sprayed2(total nutrient is more than or equal to 45 percent, and the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 15: 15), artificially weeding, and harvesting after the radix pseudostellariae is mature.
Example 8 method for planting radix Pseudostellariae
1) Selecting land, preparing land and planting
Selecting soil with yellow soil, acidity and fertility being moderate, arranging the soil into cells, wherein each cell is 0.8-1.3 m wide, 0.3 m apart from each other and 8 m long, and the usage amount of organic fertilizer is 2000kg/hm2Sowing radix pseudostellariae according to the dosage of 64.85 jin of radix pseudostellariae;
2) management of field
Spraying trichoderma every 10-15 days after seedling emergence, wherein the concentration of the trichoderma is 200mg/L, 5L of the trichoderma is applied to each community, or 555kg/hm of chemical fertilizer is supplemented after the trichoderma is sprayed2(total nutrient is more than or equal to 45 percent, and the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 15: 15), artificially weeding, and harvesting after the radix pseudostellariae is mature.
Example 9 method for planting radix Pseudostellariae
1) Selecting land, preparing land and planting
Selecting soil with yellow soil, acidity and fertility being moderate, arranging the soil into cells, wherein each cell is 0.8-1.3 m wide, 0.3 m apart from each other and 8 m long, and the usage amount of organic fertilizer is 2000kg/hm2Sowing radix pseudostellariae according to the dosage of 64.85 jin of radix pseudostellariae;
2) management of field
Spraying trichoderma every 10-15 days after seedling emergence, wherein the concentration of the trichoderma is 400mg/L, 5L of the trichoderma is applied to each community, or 555kg/hm of chemical fertilizer is supplemented after the trichoderma is sprayed2(total nutrient is more than or equal to 45 percent, and the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 15: 15), artificially weeding, and harvesting after the radix pseudostellariae is mature.
Example 10 method for planting radix Pseudostellariae
1) Selecting land, preparing land and planting
Selecting soil with yellow soil, acidity and fertility being moderate, arranging the soil into cells, wherein each cell is 0.8-1.3 m wide, 0.3 m apart from each other and 8 m long, and the usage amount of organic fertilizer is 2000kg/hm2Sowing radix pseudostellariae according to the dosage of 64.85 jin of radix pseudostellariae;
2) management of field
Spraying trichoderma every 10-15 days after seedling emergence, wherein the concentration of the trichoderma is 500mg/L, 5L of the trichoderma is applied to each community, or 555kg/hm of chemical fertilizer is supplemented after the trichoderma is sprayed2(total nutrient is more than or equal to 45 percent, and the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 15: 15), artificially weeding, and harvesting after the radix pseudostellariae is mature.
Example 11 method for planting radix Pseudostellariae
1) Selecting land, preparing land and planting
Selecting soil with yellow soil, acidity and fertility being moderate, arranging the soil into cells, wherein each cell is 0.8-1.3 m wide, 0.3 m apart from each other and 8 m long, and the usage amount of organic fertilizer is 4000kg/hm2Sowing radix pseudostellariae according to the dosage of 64.85 jin of radix pseudostellariae;
2) management of field
Spraying trichoderma every 10-15 days after seedling emergence, wherein the concentration of the trichoderma is 300mg/L, 5L of the trichoderma is applied to each community, or 555kg/hm of chemical fertilizer is supplemented after the trichoderma is sprayed2(total nutrient is more than or equal to 45 percent, and the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 15: 15), artificially weeding, and harvesting after the radix pseudostellariae is mature.
Example 12 method for planting radix Pseudostellariae
1) Selecting land, preparing land and planting
Selecting soil with yellow soil, acidity and fertility being moderate, arranging the soil into cells, wherein each cell is 0.8-1.3 m wide, 0.3 m apart from each other and 8 m long, and the usage amount of organic fertilizer is 4000kg/hm2Sowing radix pseudostellariae according to the dosage of 64.85 jin of radix pseudostellariae;
2) management of field
Spraying trichoderma every 10-15 days after seedling emergence, wherein the concentration of the trichoderma is 100mg/L, 5L of the trichoderma is applied to each community, or 555kg/hm of chemical fertilizer is supplemented after the trichoderma is sprayed2(total nutrient is more than or equal to 45 percent, and the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 15: 15), artificially weeding, and harvesting after the radix pseudostellariae is mature.
Example 13 method for planting radix Pseudostellariae
1) Selecting land, preparing land and planting
Selecting soil with yellow soil, acidity and fertility being moderate, arranging the soil into cells, wherein each cell is 0.8-1.3 m wide, 0.3 m apart from each other and 8 m long, and the usage amount of organic fertilizer is 4000kg/hm2Sowing radix pseudostellariae according to the dosage of 64.85 jin of radix pseudostellariae;
2) management of field
Spraying trichoderma every 10-15 days after seedling emergence, wherein the concentration of the trichoderma is 200mg/L, 5L of the trichoderma is applied to each community, or 555kg/hm of chemical fertilizer is supplemented after the trichoderma is sprayed2(total nutrient is more than or equal to 45 percent, and the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 15: 15), artificially weeding, and harvesting after the radix pseudostellariae is mature.
Example 14 method for planting radix Pseudostellariae
1) Selecting land, preparing land and planting
Selecting soil with yellow soil, acidity and fertility being moderate, arranging the soil into cells, wherein each cell is 0.8-1.3 m wide, 0.3 m apart from each other and 8 m long, and the usage amount of organic fertilizer is 4000kg/hm2Sowing radix pseudostellariae according to the dosage of 64.85 jin of radix pseudostellariae;
2) management of field
Spraying trichoderma every 10-15 days after seedling emergence, wherein the concentration of the trichoderma is 400mg/L, 5L of the trichoderma is applied to each community, or 555kg/hm of chemical fertilizer is supplemented after the trichoderma is sprayed2(total nutrient is more than or equal to 4)5 percent of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium which are 15: 15), artificially weeding, and harvesting after the radix pseudostellariae is mature.
Example 15 method for planting radix Pseudostellariae
1) Selecting land, preparing land and planting
Selecting soil with yellow soil, acidity and fertility being moderate, arranging the soil into cells, wherein each cell is 0.8-1.3 m wide, 0.3 m apart from each other and 8 m long, and the usage amount of organic fertilizer is 4000kg/hm2Sowing radix pseudostellariae according to the dosage of 64.85 jin of radix pseudostellariae;
2) management of field
Spraying trichoderma every 10-15 days after seedling emergence, wherein the concentration of the trichoderma is 500mg/L, 5L of the trichoderma is applied to each community, or 555kg/hm of chemical fertilizer is supplemented after the trichoderma is sprayed2(total nutrient is more than or equal to 45 percent, and the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 15: 15), artificially weeding, and harvesting after the radix pseudostellariae is mature.
In order to further verify the effectiveness of the invention, a series of experiments are carried out, specifically as follows:
experimental example:
1 purpose
The method is characterized in that the influence on the growth condition and the quality of medicinal materials of the radix pseudostellariae under different cultivation modes is monitored by designing an organic fertilizer and trichoderma fungicide in combination with an organic fertilizer application mode, so that a radix pseudostellariae cultivation mode for reducing the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides is explored.
2 method
Data statistics is carried out on the incidence rate of virus diseases of the radix pseudostellariae in field experiments and the fresh weight, dry weight, appearance properties, dry yield and extract content of harvested medicinal materials through SPSS 22.0 software, influences of different cultivation modes on the growth condition and the quality of the medicinal materials are analyzed, and feasibility of the method is verified.
3 materials and methods
3.1 test materials
The variety to be tested is the radix pseudostellariae planted in Huangping county of Guizhou province for many years. Fertilizer to be tested: yibaiyi composite trichoderma agent (Yibaiyi biotechnology limited, Guizhou, effective viable count is more than or equal to 2 x 108Per gram); western compound fertilizer (Guizhou Western fertilizer)Industrial limited company, total nutrient is more than or equal to 45%, and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are 15: 15); phosphate fertilizer (calcium magnesium phosphorus, Jiangxi Jiangjiang phosphate fertilizer Limited, nutrient content is more than or equal to 12%); potassium fertilizer (potassium sulfate, Jiangsu Perpetite Fertilizer, Inc., Potassium oxide is more than or equal to 50%).
3.2 general description of the test
The test is set in a golden grass sea medicinal material planting base of the world, the town of the wild cave, the town of the yellow and flat county, Guizhou province, and belongs to the subtropical monsoon humid climate, the annual average temperature is 16 ℃, the frost-free period is 255-394 d, and the annual precipitation is 1060-1200 mm. The test field is continuous cropping for 2 years. The soil is yellow soil, is acidic and moderate in fertility, and the terrain is a gentle slope.
3.3 test design and field management
The experiment was set with a total of 9 treatments, CK: no base fertilizer is applied; MC (habitual fertilizer application control group): 750kg/hm2Compound fertilizer 550kg/hm2Phosphate fertilizer, 150kg/hm2A potassium fertilizer; OL: an organic fertilizer using and treating group, wherein the using amount of the organic fertilizer is 3000kg/hm2(ii) a The treatment group A is an organic fertilizer application group combined with a microbial inoculum, and the usage amount of the organic fertilizer is 3000kg/hm2Three concentrations, A1(100mg/L), A2(300mg/L) and A3(500mg/L), were set for the inoculum; the B treatment group is a fertilizer applying and supplementing group combining an organic fertilizer with a microbial inoculum, and the usage amount of the organic fertilizer is as follows: 3000kg/hm2The fertilizer is supplemented with the following amount: 555kg/hm2Three concentrations, B1(100mg/L), B2(300mg/L) and B3(500mg/L), were set for the inoculum. Each treatment is repeated for 3 times, totally 27 cells are arranged randomly, the area of each cell is 20m2, each cell is provided with 2 compartments, the width of each compartment is about 1.1 m, the compartment distance is 0.3 m, and the length is 8 m. Seeding in 12 months in 2019; artificial weeding is carried out 1 time in 3, 4 and 6 middle months of 2020.
3.4 survey sampling
Carrying out 3 dynamic investigation statistics on the incidence rate of the pseudostellaria heterophylla virus disease in 3-month and 8-day, 3-month and 21-day and 4-month and 5-day in 2020; harvesting root tuber in 7 months and 15 days, and randomly selecting 21 m root tubers in each cell2And (4) carrying out disease investigation statistics, measuring yield, converting the yield, calculating and evaluating the quality of the commodity, and calculating the content of the extract according to a pharmacopoeia method.
4 results and analysis
4.1 Effect of different fertilization treatments on dynamic morbidity of radix Pseudostellariae virus diseases
Compared with a blank Control (CK), a model control (OL) and a positive control (MC) (see table 1 and figure 1), the three-month average incidence rate of the trichoderma A and B treatment groups is 7.90 percent, 7.63 percent and the incidence rates of the CK (9.09 percent), the MC (17.03 percent) and the OL (9.43 percent) respectively, and the incidence rate of the radix pseudostellariae of the A treatment group is reduced by 1.19 percent, 9.13 percent and 1.53 percent respectively compared with the incidence rates of the CK, the MC and the OL; the incidence of the radix pseudostellariae in the B treatment group is respectively reduced by 1.46 percent, 9.40 percent and 1.80 percent compared with the incidence of CK, MC and OL; compared with the group A and the group B, the incidence rate of the group B is lower, the incidence rate of the group B2 is the lowest, the incidence rate of the group MC is far higher than that of the group CK and the group OL, and the incidence rate of samples obtained by sampling at each time point is obviously reduced compared with that of the group MC, the group CK and the group OL.
TABLE 1 incidence of viral diseases of Pseudostellaria heterophylla Miq of different treatment groups
4.2 influence of different fertilization treatments on dry fresh weight and dry rate of radix Pseudostellariae
According to the experience in the standard research on the commodity specification and grade of radix pseudostellariae and the characteristic that the root tuber of radix pseudostellariae is always in a spindle shape or a strip shape, 3 indexes including length, quality and drying rate are selected for external quality analysis of the radix pseudostellariae in the experiment.
Fresh weight and corresponding dry weight are weighed by digging one square meter land blocks in a test land, the dry breaking rate is calculated, 6 blocks are randomly selected for each group to carry out yield estimation analysis statistics, and the experimental result is shown in table 2. The trichoderma low-concentration fertilizer supplementing treatment group (B1) is a group with the largest fresh weight in each treatment group, the average value of the fresh weight is 507.682g, the average value of the dry weight is 120.586g, the fresh weight of CK is 100.7275g, and the dry weight is 19.08 g; the fresh weight of MC was 667.155g, the dry weight was 181.776g, the fresh weight of OL was 395.47g, and the dry weight was 105.202 g. According to the fresh weight conditions of A, B trichoderma treatment groups, CK blank groups, MC conventional chemical fertilizer treatment groups and OL organic fertilizer treatment groups, A, B fresh weights of the trichoderma treatment groups and the radix pseudostellariae are 1-2 times of those of the CK blank groups (comparison groups), A, B fresh weights of the trichoderma treatment groups and the radix pseudostellariae are less than those of the MC conventional chemical fertilizer treatment groups, and A, B fresh weights of the trichoderma treatment groups and the radix pseudostellariae are slightly more than those of the OL organic fertilizer treatment groups; the fresh weight of the radix pseudostellariae of the treatment group B is 2-3 times that of the treatment group A.
According to A, B dry weight conditions of trichoderma treatment group and CK, MC and OL, A, B dry weight of the pseudostellaria heterophylla of the trichoderma treatment group is 2-8 times of CK, A, B dry weight of the pseudostellaria heterophylla of the trichoderma treatment group is less than that of MC, A, B dry weight of the pseudostellaria heterophylla of the trichoderma treatment group is slightly more than that of OL, and dry weight of the pseudostellaria heterophylla of the B treatment group is 2-3 times of that of the A treatment group; data analysis of CK, A1, A2 and A3 shows that the yield of radix pseudostellariae can be improved to a certain extent by applying Trichoderma singly, but the improvement amplitude is small, data analysis of CK, B1, B2 and B3 shows that the yield of radix pseudostellariae can be improved remarkably by adding additional fertilizer while applying Trichoderma, data analysis of OL, B1, B2 and B3 shows that the yield of radix pseudostellariae can be improved remarkably by adding additional fertilizer while applying Trichoderma, and comparison of a treatment group and MC shows that the yield is not ideal.
According to the drying rate conditions of A, B trichoderma treatment groups and CK blank groups, MC conventional fertilizer treatment groups and OL organic fertilizer treatment groups, the drying rate of radix pseudostellariae of the CK blank groups (control groups) is less than that of A, B trichoderma treatment groups, and MC conventional fertilizer treatment groups and OL organic fertilizer treatment groups; A. the drying rate of the radix pseudostellariae of the trichoderma reesei treating group (ecological planting group) is lower than that of the MC conventional chemical fertilizer treating group, the drying rate of the radix pseudostellariae of the A, B trichoderma reesei treating group (ecological planting group) is lower than that of the OL organic fertilizer treating group, and the drying rate of the radix pseudostellariae of the B treating group is lower than that of the A treating group; the drying rate of the radix pseudostellariae planted this time is below 33%.
TABLE 2 fresh weight, dry weight and dry weight table of radix Pseudostellariae of different treatment groups
4.3 influence of different fertilization treatments on radix Pseudostellariae root tuber quality
When the commodity characters of the dried radix pseudostellariae products of different treatment groups are distinguished, the dried radix pseudostellariae products are divided into long product phases (A: more than 6cm), medium product phases (B: 3-6cm) and short product phases (C: less than 3 cm) according to actual sample conditions, the number of the radix pseudostellariae of the body length, the medium product phases and the short product phases of the radix pseudostellariae of each treatment group is counted and converted into percentage to objectively evaluate the influence of each treatment group on the commodity characters of the radix pseudostellariae, and the table 3 shows. The results show that the radix pseudostellariae root tuber length of the trichoderma harzianum treatment groups A and B (ecological planting groups) is better than that of other treatment groups, the radix pseudostellariae root tuber length is higher in proportion of long (6 cm) to medium (3-6cm), the root tuber with the short length grade is the most in the radix pseudostellariae root tuber length proportion of the CK treatment group, and the external quality is poorer. The length accounts for the following in sequence from high to low: a1> B2> A3> B3> MC > B1> A2> CK > OL, so that the commercial properties of the radix pseudostellariae can be optimized by using the trichoderma, and the ginseng growth promoting effect of a group without fertilizer supplementation is better, but the trichoderma has no obvious correlation with the application concentration of the trichoderma; compared with the medium length, the occupied proportion is as follows from high to low: a1> MC > B1> B3> OL > B2> A3> A2> CK; the proportion sequence of the short radix pseudostellariae with poor taste phase is as follows: CK > A2> OL > A3> B2> B3> MC > B1> A1, and the trichoderma has a remarkable effect on growth of the ginseng shape of the radix pseudostellariae and has a certain effect of promoting and prolonging.
Table 3 percentage of the total weight of the treatment groups (%) -by length
4.4 influence of different fertilization treatments on the quality of radix Pseudostellariae medicinal materials
Compared with a blank Control (CK), a model control (OL) and a positive control group (MC), the influence of different products on the content of the components of the pseudostellaria heterophylla pharmacopoeia index is objectively evaluated, and the test results of a cold soaking method under the item of a water-soluble extract measuring method (general rule 2201) show that (shown in table 4), the extract content of each treatment group conforms to the pharmacopoeia regulations and is more than 25 percent, the MC fertilizer treatment group with the minimum extract content is 32.89 percent, the OL organic fertilizer treatment group is 35.81 percent, the B2 treatment group with the highest extract content is 46.25 percent, the extract content is higher than 40.62 percent than that of the MC, and the extract content of the trichoderma treatment group is generally more than 40 percent, so that the trichoderma can promote the quality improvement of the pseudostellaria heterophylla certain degree.
TABLE 4 content of extract of radix Pseudostellariae of different treatment groups
5 overview
In the theory of viral disease control, it is believed that viral diseases are diseases caused by parasitic plant viruses. It has strong specificity in host cell, and only one kind of virus can infect one kind or some plants. Generally, plant viruses are active only in vivo in a host; only a few plant viruses can keep activity in disease plant residues for days, months or even years, and the virus diseases of the radix pseudostellariae are obvious in disease attack in continuous cropping plots. The use of the trichoderma in the concentration (300mg/L) in the disease prevention process can assist an organic fertilizer to reduce the occurrence of the pseudostellaria virus diseases to a certain extent, probably because trichoderma has strong vitality and rapid growth and reproduction, can inhibit the reproduction of pathogenic bacteria in an ecologically dominant mode, has extremely high utilization rate on limited nutrient substances and limited living space, can generate chemical substances for antagonizing plant pathogenic bacteria in the life activity process of the trichoderma, comprises volatile acetaldehyde and non-volatile antibacterial peptide, collodion, trichoderma, chlordine, viridin and trichoderma, and can prevent the occurrence of the virus diseases from multiple angles.
The yield of the trichoderma fungicide with low concentration (100mg/L) is improved to the highest extent in the same group of treatment, and the growth effect of long-product ginseng strips is promoted to be good. More noteworthy, in the aspect of improving the quality of medicinal materials, compared with a simple organic fertilizer treatment group and a habitual fertilizer use group, the trichoderma agent has obviously improved extract content, and compared with a blank group, other treatment groups have no obvious difference, and after being treated by the trichoderma agent, the extract content of the trichoderma agent is closer to that of the radix pseudostellariae in a natural growth state without using pesticides and fertilizers. In the unbertilized treatment group, the extract content of the trichoderma is in a descending trend along with the increase of the concentration of the trichoderma, and in the fertilizing treatment group, the middle concentration is the maximum value of the extract content. The phenomenon may occur because the trichoderma harzianum affects the growth of plants, which is also equivalent to a plant stimulator, can produce phytotoxic components to inhibit the growth of plants and hormone to promote the growth of plants, especially can induce plants to generate resistance, while the medicinal effective components of the traditional Chinese medicine are secondary metabolites, so the trichoderma harzianum can stimulate the effect, and an induction mechanism for improving the extract of the medicinal materials can be generated on the basis of combining nutrient growth supply.
In the planting process of the radix pseudostellariae organic fertilizer combined with the biological microbial inoculum, the finding that only applying the organic fertilizer without using a chemical fertilizer has certain influence on the yield of the radix pseudostellariae is found, so that the research on the suitable application ratio of the organic fertilizer and the chemical fertilizer of the radix pseudostellariae is increased in the next research process, and the research on biological disease prevention of the radix pseudostellariae is carried out by combining various biological microbial inocula.
Conclusion 6
The comprehensive analysis of the experiment shows that different evaluation indexes show that the application of the organic fertilizer and the biological agent can effectively improve the medicinal material quality of the radix pseudostellariae, and the trichoderma agent with the concentration (300mg/L) can reduce the disease occurrence of the radix pseudostellariae to a certain extent in the disease prevention process, so that the use amount of pesticide is reduced; the trichoderma agents are used for increasing the yield, dose correlation is not obvious, but the use results of trichoderma agent combined organic fertilizer treatment and trichoderma agent combined organic fertilizer topdressing treatment show that the yield increasing range is maximum when the trichoderma agents with low concentration (100mg/L) are used in the same group of treatment, the topdressing group is obviously higher than the non-topdressing group, and the yield can still be increased compared with a fertilizer planting group; for improving the quality of radix pseudostellariae, the trichoderma agent and organic fertilizer combined treatment group has the best effect of promoting long-term phase with low concentration (100mg/L), and the medium concentration (300mg/L) after top dressing is applied has a better effect of promoting the quality of radix pseudostellariae; the extract content in the top dressing group is the highest with concentration (300 mg/L). According to different evaluation indexes, the use of the organic fertilizer is beneficial to reduction of the drug content of the radix pseudostellariae and improvement of the quality, the trichoderma needs to be selected at different concentrations according to requirements, the preferred concentration is 100-300mg/L, and the quality of the medicinal material can be obviously improved by combining the application of the trichoderma.
Reference to the literature
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[5] the Chinese medicinal materials of honeysuckle flower, wolfberry fruit, isatis root and pseudostellaria root are used as example [ J ] Chinese herbal medicine, 2020,51(06): 1669-.
[6] The influence of the continuous cropping years on the yield and the quality of the radix pseudostellariae [ J ] Guizhou agricultural science, 2010,38(10):61-63.
[7] Linyanhua, Zhoushun, Chenguan Poa, research on the allelopathic and self-toxic effects of radix Pseudostellariae [ J ] Chinese medicinal materials, 2019,42(04):709 Buza 714.
[8] Wudan, Zhao Li, Pang Wen Sheng, etc. the analysis and determination of phenolic acid self-toxic matter in radix pseudostellariae rhizosphere soil [ J ] Chinese national folk medicine, 2017,26(24):32-34.
[9] Gao Ke Xiang, Liu Xiao Guang, Guo Ruan Fang, etc. the action of Trichoderma on the parasitism of five plant pathogenic fungi [ J ] proceedings of Shandong university of agriculture (Nature science edition), 2002(01):37-42.
[10] Gaokreing, Wangshhong, Liu Xiao Guang, Li Jing, Ma Chang shui Trichoderma strain T _ (88) antagonism to 7 pathogenic fungi [ J ]. Hebei Lin Guo research, 1999(02):61-64.
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While the invention has been described in detail in the foregoing by way of general description, specific embodiments and experiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that certain changes and modifications may be made therein based on the invention. Accordingly, such modifications and improvements are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (10)
1. A method for planting radix pseudostellariae, comprising the steps of:
1) selecting land, preparing land and planting
Selecting soil with moderate loess, acidity and fertility, arranging the soil into cells with the terrain of gentle slope, wherein each cell is 0.8-1.3 m wide, 0.3 m compartment distance and 8 m long, and the usage amount of organic fertilizer is 2000-4000 kg/hm2Sowing radix pseudostellariae according to the dosage of 64.85 jin of radix pseudostellariae;
2) management of field
After seedling emergence, spraying trichoderma every 10-15 days or adding a fertilizer after spraying trichoderma, manually weeding, and harvesting after the radix pseudostellariae is mature.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the organic fertilizer is used in an amount of 2300-3700 kg/hm2。
3. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the organic fertilizer is used in an amount of2600～3400kg/hm2。
4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the organic fertilizer is used in an amount of 3000kg/hm2。
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the trichoderma is present at a concentration of 100mg/L to 500mg/L, and 5L per cell.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the trichoderma is present at a concentration of 200mg/L, 5L per cell.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the trichoderma is present at a concentration of 300mg/L, 5L per cell.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the fertilizer supplements are used in amounts of: 555kg/hm2。
9. The method as claimed in claim 8, wherein the total nutrient content of the fertilizer is greater than or equal to 45%, and the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 15: 15.
10. The method according to claim 1, wherein the trichoderma preparation is applied in planting pseudostellaria heterophylla in combination with an organic fertilizer.
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