CN103563535A - Method for potassium extraction and fertilization of tobacco leaves of Yunyan85 (flue-cured tobacco variety) - Google Patents
Method for potassium extraction and fertilization of tobacco leaves of Yunyan85 (flue-cured tobacco variety) Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of flue-cured tobacco cultivation and in particular relates to a method for potassium extraction and fertilization of Yunyan85 (flue-cured tobacco variety). The method is characterized by comprising the following steps of applying a potassic fertilizer to Yunyan; applying a certain amount of potassic base fertilizer to tobacco leaves when the tobacco leaves are grown; and topdressing the potassic fertilizer to flue-cured tobaccos before the flue-cured tobaccos enter into a fast growing period and after more than 50% of the flue-cured tobaccos bud for topping, wherein the application amount of a potassic base fertilizer is 60%-70% of the total application weight of the potassic fertilizer, the application amount of the topdressed potassic fertilizer before entering the fast growing period is 15%-20%, and the application amount of the topdressed potassic fertilizer is 15%-20% after more than 50% of the flue-cured tobaccos bud for topping. According to the method, the fertilization period and the additional fertilization period and amount are accurate, the waste of the potassic fertilizer can be reduced, the potassium content of the tobacco leaves can be improved while guaranteeing yield. The collected tobacco leaves are analyzed, and the potassium content of the tobacco leaves is measured to be 3.13%, which is higher than the standard that the potassium content of high-quality tobacco leaves is more than or equal to 2%.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to flue-cured tobacco cultivation technical field, be specifically related to a kind of method that cloud and mist 85 is proposed potassium fertilising.
Background technology
Cloud and mist 85 flue-cured tobaccos are Dicotyledoneae Tubiflorae Solanaceae, Nicotiana, and annual herb plant, is the kind of K326 and No. 2 cross breedings of cloud and mist.Historical for many years in China's plantation at present.But in recent years, continuous cropping and chemical fertilizer application too much cause cured tobacco leaf oil content to reduce, and perfume quantity reduces, and fragrance matter reduces, and final quality of tobacco declines.
An aspect of cloud and mist 85 Quality Downs is that in tobacco leaf, potassium content does not catch up with, so in recent years, for improving the potassium content in tobacco leaf, relevant scholar has done a large amount of exploratory developments.At present, improving the topmost means of potassium content in tobacco leaf is by increasing K Amounts, changing Potassium Fertilizer mode, as foliage-spray.These measures have not only increased tobacco grower's input, and can cause tobacco nutritive element uneven, affect cigarette strain growth, do not reach the object of good quality and high output.Therefore, also there is the technology such as be completely cured that many scholars spray nicotine decreasing and potassium elevating preparation of fire-cured tobacco, band girdle phloem, tobacco by plastic mulching, after pinching suitable to reduce potassium element and run off, or improve potassium content of tobacco leaf by physiological regulating control methods such as plant growth regulating substance IAA and NAA.Although these methods can reduce the loss of potassium to a certain extent, improve the availability of potash fertilizer, but still fundamentally do not solve the low problem of potassium content in tobacco leaf.
And have research to point out, executing potassium total amount and base manure consumption equal in the situation that, the ratio that improves manuring late be conducive to potassium in, the accumulation of upper blade, explanation will improve output and the potassium content of tobacco leaf, must pay attention to the sufficient supplies of flue-cured tobacco fertility middle and later periods potassium element, advocate potash fertilizer gradation and use.Because of flue-cured tobacco cultivars and the difference of planting cigarette region, there is larger difference in the application process of potash fertilizer.From current present situation, the amount of application of potash fertilizer and time of application are all uncertain.And find by the investigation to Liangshan tobacco-growing areas, throughout the year a large amount of application of potash fertilizer during local plantation flue-cured tobacco, and imposing potash fertilizer major part is in 30d, to complete after transplanting, the potassium content in tobacco leaf of planting flue-cured tobacco cultivars cloud and mist 85 as landlord is lower, mean value is only 1.8% left and right, and this has seriously limited the further raising of quality of tobacco.Therefore the corresponding potash fertilizer application method of planting the specific flue-cured tobacco cultivars in cigarette region of how to confirm seems particularly important.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide the waste that can reduce potash fertilizer, when guaranteeing cloud and mist 85 output, can also improve the potassium content of tobacco leaf, a kind of cloud and mist 85 that potash fertilizer can efficiently be utilized is put forward the method for potassium fertilising.
Concrete technical scheme of the present invention is:
A kind of cloud and mist 85 is put forward the method for potassium fertilising, the method comprises to cloud and mist and applies potash fertilizer, when plantation tobacco, apply a certain amount of base manure containing potassium, enter prosperous long-term before and in flue-cured tobacco, more than 50% budding after flue-cured tobacco is carried out to potash fertilizer while pinching and imposes, the sowing amount that wherein contains the base manure of potassium is the 60%-70% that potash fertilizer integral body applies quality, entering the prosperous long-term quality that applies that imposes potash fertilizer is before 15%-20%, and while pinching after more than 50% buddingging, the quality that applies that imposes potash fertilizer is 15%-20%.
As preferably, cloud and mist 85 is put forward the method for potassium fertilising for apply a certain amount of base manure containing potassium when planting tobacco, enter prosperous long-term before and in flue-cured tobacco, more than 50% budding after flue-cured tobacco is carried out to potash fertilizer while pinching and imposes, wherein containing the sowing amount of the base manure of potassium be potash fertilizer integral body apply quality 60%, entering the prosperous long-term quality that applies of topdressing potash fertilizer is before 20%, while pinching after more than 50% buddingging, the quality that applies that imposes potash fertilizer is 20%.
Cloud and mist 85 is put forward a method for potassium fertilising, and the method comprises following concrete steps:
(1) vega ridging after ploughing digs nest, and making nest spacing is 120 * 50cm;
(2) while transplanting using 60% potash fertilizer as base manure circulating application around cigarette seedling, and apply routinely a certain amount of nitrogenous fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer, then water after the earth mulch fertilizer that takes a morsel;
(3) at flue-cured tobacco, enter prosperous long-term (40-60 days) before, chase after for the first time potash fertilizer, potash fertilizer is spreaded manuer in holes around root, consumption be in whole cloud and mist 85 production processes required potash fertilizer quality 20%;
(4) after more than 50% flue-cured tobacco is buddingged, pinch, pinch while referring to tobacco growth 65-85 days, after pinching, flue-cured tobacco is chased after to potash fertilizer for the second time, potash fertilizer is spreaded manuer in holes around root, sowing amount be in whole cloud and mist 85 production processes required potash fertilizer quality 20%.After this intermittent leaf bud of erasing, to guarantee the growth of tobacco leaf, is gathered by the tobacco leaf normal mature time afterwards.Pinching refers to pinch and goes the top of some crop, makes it volume increase.Also claim pinchingly, the principle of pinching is to remove the growing point of stem, suppresses growth hormone secretion, removes the meristematic tissue of terminal bud, can control and increases and take out long-living length, is conducive to thickening growth and accelerates fruit development.Object is to suppress to nourish and grow promotion reproductive growth, and plant is yielded positive results more, is also " removal apical dominance ".
The potash fertilizer amount that described flue-cured tobacco needs in overall process is 160-180 kg/ hm
2.
Described potash fertilizer is Agricultural Potassium, selects one or both the mixture in potassium sulphate, potassium nitrate.Generally, in tobacco growing process, use nitre phosphorus ammonium 250-350 kghm
-2, fused calcium magnesium phosphate 550-650 kghm
-2, potassium sulphate 320-360 kghm
-2, the mass ratio of the Nitrogen, Phosphorus potassium of using is 1:1:1.8-2.2.Described fused calcium magnesium phosphate refers to the phosphate fertilizer of the trace elements such as calcic, magnesium, such as adopting superphosphate etc.
Good effect of the present invention is embodied in: the accurate fertilizing time of potash fertilizer, topdress period and consumption, can reduce the waste of potash fertilizer, and when guaranteeing output, can also improve the potassium content of tobacco leaf.Get the tobacco leaf of gathering and analyze, the potassium content that records tobacco leaf is 3.13%, and higher than the standard of sound tobacco potassium content >=2%.
Accompanying drawing explanation:
Fig. 1 is the potassium accumulation rate difference curve figure of flue-cured tobacco under different amounts of potassium applied in 2011
Fig. 2 is the potassium accumulation rate difference curve figure of flue-cured tobacco under different amounts of potassium applied in 2012
Fig. 3 is the stage potassium accumulation rate difference histogram of flue-cured tobacco under different amounts of potassium applied in 2011
Fig. 4 is the stage potassium accumulation rate difference histogram of flue-cured tobacco under different amounts of potassium applied in 2012
Fig. 5 is the graph of relation of amount of potassium applied and output
Fig. 6 is the graph of relation of amount of potassium applied and potassium accumulation B.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is further described, but do not limit the scope of the invention.
Embodiment 1:
Cloud and mist 85 is put forward a method for potassium fertilising, and the method comprises the steps:
(1) vega ridging after ploughing digs nest, and nest spacing is 120 * 50cm;
(2) while transplanting, per hectare circulating application 600 kg fused calcium magnesium phosphate, 210 kg nitre phosphorus ammoniums and 192-216 kg potassium sulphate, around cigarette seedling, water after the earth mulch fertilizer that takes a morsel; Circulating application is the fertilization mode that grows tobacco, and is specially on ridge and around applies fertilizer.
(3) flue-cured tobacco enter prosperous long-term before, topdress the period of the 50d left and right of probably growing for the first time, per hectare is spreaded manuer in holes around root by nitre phosphorus ammonium 90 kg and potassium sulphate 68 kg;
(4) in flue-cured tobacco, more than 50% flue-cured tobacco is pinched after buddingging, general growth 80d left and right, topdresses after pinching for the second time, and per hectare is spreaded manuer in holes around root by potassium sulphate 72kg, after this intermittent leaf bud of erasing, to guarantee the growth of tobacco leaf, is gathered by the tobacco leaf normal mature time afterwards.
Embodiment 2:
Gradient experiment:
Earth culture test arranges 4 potassium and processes (K
2o): 0(PK0), 90 mgkg
-1(PK90), 180 mgkg
-1(PK180) and 270 mgkg
-1(PK270) soil, wherein 180-270 mgkg
-1be equivalent to land for growing field crops consumption, 180-270 kghm
-2for the local conventional K Amounts of Goats in Liangshan Prefecture.Each is processed and repeats 30 times, and Nitrogen and phosphate application rate applies N90mg, P by every kilogram of soil
2o
590mg.Test in there is the solarium of rainproof facility on 2011 Nian Sichuan Agricultural University teaching and scientific research farms and carry out.After soil is air-dry, mix, pack 10L Plastic Drum into, every barreled soil 15kg, transplants the last week whole phosphate fertilizer, 70% nitrogenous fertilizer and 70% potash fertilizer is sneaked into soil as base manure with the form of the aqueous solution, and residual nitrogen, potash fertilizer impose respectively 15% at 15d and 25d.Select cigarette transplantation of seedlings that growing way is consistent to basin, every basin kind 1 strain, totally 120 basins.By the mode randomized arrangement of distance between rows and hills 120cm * 50cm, after transplanting, cultivation management is undertaken by land for growing field crops routine.Sample respectively at prosperous long-term (40d after transplanting), squaring period (90d), bottom leaf maturing stage (110d), middle leaf maturing stage (120d) and upper leaf maturing stage (130d), whole strain is taked, and root, stem, leaf are separated, and adopts 3 repetitions at every turn.
Field experiment arranges 5 potassium and processes (K
2o): 0(FK0), 90 kghm
-2(FK90), 180 kghm
-2(FK180), 270 kghm
-2(FK270) and 360 kghm
-2(FK360), each is processed and repeats 3 times, and nitrogen, phosphate fertilizer amount are respectively N 90 kghm
-2, P
2o
590 kghm
-2.Community area is 40 m
2, Gong15Ge community, random district group is arranged.Test in 2012 Nian Goats in Liangshan Prefecture tobacco company leaf tobacco production Technique Popularizing application proving grounds, center and carry out.Select cigarette seedling 50 strains that growing way is consistent to transplant to each community (distance between rows and hills is 120cm * 50cm), adopt the cultivation of high ridge single file, experimental field surrounding is established protection row.During transplanting using the potash fertilizer of whole phosphate fertilizer, 70% nitrogenous fertilizer and 70% as base manure circulating application around cigarette seedling, residual nitrogen, potash fertilizer impose within 30d.Other cultivation management measures are all carried out according to general land for growing field crops, locality.The collection of sample is undertaken by two kinds of modes: 1. respectively at prosperous long-term (50d after transplanting), squaring period (65d), bottom leaf maturing stage (85d), middle leaf maturing stage (95d) and upper leaf maturing stage (105d), sample, whole strain is taked, by root, stem, leaf separately, 4 strain aggregate samples are got for once repeating in each community; 2. according to conventional land for growing field crops sample mode, take, while sampling for the last time, stem and root are gathered in the lump, by root, stem, upper leaf, middle leaf and bottom leaf separately, 4 strain aggregate samples are got for once repeating in each community.
Second phase test arranges 9 and executes potassium processing, and test is carried out according to the test of 3rd district:
I-clear area, does not execute potassium;
Ⅱ— conventional fertilizer application district, peasant household's habits fertilization;
Ⅲ— Optimum district, different bases chase after ratio:
III-1-base chases after than 100%: 0%: 0%,
III-2-base chases after than 70%: 15%: 15%,
III-3-base chases after than 60%: 20%: 20%,
III-4-base chases after than 50%: 25%: 25%,
III-5-base chases after than 40%: 30%: 30%,
III-6-base chases after than 30%: 35%: 35%,
III-7-base chases after than 0%: 50%: 50%.
Note: Optimum district potash fertilizer total amount is 160 kg/hm
2, be that 55d(is prosperous long-term the period of topdressing) and after 80d(pinches).
From Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, under earth culture and field test condition, all there are two peak periods to the accumulation of potassium in flue-cured tobacco, is respectively prosperous long later stage and middle leaf maturing stage.Under earth culture experimental condition, although the potassium accumulation rate in flue-cured tobacco middle leaf maturing stage increases to some extent, compare still lowlyer with the prosperous long later stage, illustrate that it is main or before pinching to the accumulation of potassium.And under field test condition, the potassium accumulation rate in prosperous long later stage of flue-cured tobacco and middle leaf maturing stage is all higher, and be more or less the same, illustrate that cloud and mist 85 still has stronger potassium accumulation ability at later stages.Therefore, further the potassium accumulation rate of the different vegetative stages of flue-cured tobacco is analyzed, as shown in Figure 2, the accumulation of 85 pairs of potassium of cloud and mist is before the tobacco leaf maturation of middle part (earth culture and field experiment are respectively and transplant after 120d and 95d before) mainly.Because earth culture experimental condition has certain restriction to the growth of flue-cured tobacco, therefore after transplanting during 90-110d (bottom leaf maturing stage), outer row's speed of cigarette strain potassium element is greater than accumulation rate, the potassium accumulation of flue-cured tobacco reduces, but during 110-120d (middle leaf maturing stage), the potassium accumulation rate under PK180 processes is higher than other vegetative stages after transplanting.And under field test condition, after buddingging and pinching, the potassium accumulation rate of cigarette strain is greater than outer row's speed, so flue-cured tobacco all has certain potassium accumulation rate after transplanting during 65-95d, and during 85-95d, the potassium accumulation rate under FK180 and FK270 process is higher than other vegetative stages.Illustrate, suitable Potassium Fertilizer can make cloud and mist 85 have a relatively high potassium accumulation rate in the middle leaf maturing stage.
Flue-cured tobacco Potassium Fertilizer Application
Determining of Potassium Fertilizer
In cured tobacco production, yield of tobacco plays conclusive effect to tobacco grower's income, and Potassium Fertilizer has important impact to yield of tobacco.The output of tobacco leaf first increases rear reduction with the increase of Potassium Fertilizer, and yield of tobacco (x1) and Potassium Fertilizer (y1) are carried out to matching, the results are shown in Figure 5(F and verifies as extremely remarkable).Take x1 as variable, to equation (1) both sides differentiate, obtain equation: dy1/dx1=3.0717-0.0184x1, can calculate maximum output amount of potassium applied is 167 kg/hm
2, corresponding output is 2239.1 kg/hm
2.According to marginal benefit, equal marginal cost, dy1yp=dx1xp calculates optimum economic benefit amount of potassium applied, can obtain equation: 3.0717-0.0184 x1=xp/yp, in formula, xp is K
23.4 yuan/kg of O price, yp is 20 yuan/kg of tobacco leaf average price, the above-mentioned equation of substitution, solving an equation and can obtaining optimum economic benefit amount of potassium applied is 158 kg/hm
2, output is now 2238.4 kg/hm
2.
The price of tobacco leaf and its quality are closely related, and amount of potassium applied affects quality of tobacco by affecting potassium content in tobacco leaf.The potassium accumulation of the whole strain of flue-cured tobacco and tobacco leaf is consistent with output with the variation tendency of Potassium Fertilizer, all first to increase rear reduction, the whole strain potassium of flue-cured tobacco accumulation (y2) and tobacco leaf potassium accumulation (y3) are carried out to matching with Potassium Fertilizer (x2, x3) respectively, the results are shown in Figure 6(F and verify as extremely significantly with remarkable).Take x2, x3 as variable, to equation (2) and equation (3) both sides differentiate, obtain respectively that equation: dy2/dx2=0.2346-0.0012x2 and dy3/dx3=0.1722-0.0008x3 can calculate the highest whole strain potassium accumulation amount of potassium applied and the highest tobacco leaf potassium accumulation amount of potassium applied is respectively 196 kg/hm
2with 215 kg/hm
2, corresponding whole strain potassium accumulation and tobacco leaf potassium accumulation are respectively 100.13 kg/hm
2with 53.47 kg/hm
2.
The accumulation of flue-cured tobacco potassium and assigned characteristics under Different Potassium Fertilizer consumption
Under Different Potassium Fertilizer consumption, the accumulation of the potassium of flue-cured tobacco and distribution difference are in Table 1(2012)
From table 1, analyzed, under the Different Potassium Fertilizer consumption calculating with various criterion, yield of tobacco, potassium accumulation, potassium content in tobacco leaf and potassium apportionment ratio are all higher, and are more or less the same.And from Potassium Fertilizer, Potassium Fertilizer during optimum economic benefit is relatively low, compare with local conventional amount used, reduced by 1/4 left and right, illustrate that this Potassium Fertilizer, when guaranteeing yield of tobacco and potassium content, can also reduce economic input, additional income.Therefore, can determine that the best Potassium Fertilizer under this experiment condition is 158 kghm
-2.
The output of tobacco leaf, potassium content and potassium accumulation difference (2013) under Different Potassium Fertilizer method of application
in Table 2
As shown in Table 2, execute potassium mode the output of tobacco leaf, potassium content and potassium accumulation are all existed to considerable influence.When K Amounts one regularly, the increase that the output of tobacco leaf, potassium content and potassium accumulation all impose ratio with potash fertilizer is first increases the variation tendency reducing afterwards, yield of tobacco, potassium content and potassium accumulation under the processing of III-3 are significantly higher than other processing.III-3 are processed and compared known with local conventional amount of potassium applied (II), the output of tobacco leaf is without the difference of significance, and the potassium content in tobacco leaf that process III-3 and potassium accumulation are all significantly higher than II processing, be that process when guaranteeing yield of tobacco III-3, can significantly improve the potassium content of tobacco leaf, and the amount of potassium applied of this processing is only 3/4 left and right of local conventional amount of potassium applied.Illustrate, the base of potash fertilizer of take chases after ratio as 6:2:2 can significantly improve potassium content and the potassium accumulation of tobacco leaf, improves the availability of the middle potash fertilizer that is manured into soil, thereby reduces the input amount of potash fertilizer, reaches the effect of low input high production.
Under Different Potassium Fertilizer method of application, the potassium content difference of each position tobacco leaf is in Table 3(2013)
from table 3, analyzed, when K Amounts one regularly, the increase that the potassium content of different parts tobacco leaf all imposes ratio with potash fertilizer is first increases the variation tendency reducing afterwards.Change Potassium Fertilizer mode less on the impact of flue-cured tobacco bottom leaf, the potassium content of lower tobacco leaf is processed without the difference of significance with II in III-3.And in, the potassium content of upper tobacco leaf is all significantly higher than II under processing in III-3 and processes, and the potassium content of upper leaf all reaches more than 3% under processing in III-3, III-4 and III-5.Illustrate, potassium accumulation peak period impose potash fertilizer mainly improved in, the potassium content of upper tobacco leaf.
Claims (5)
1. a cloud and mist 85 is put forward the method that potassium applies fertilizer, the method comprises to cloud and mist and applies potash fertilizer, it is characterized in that: when plantation tobacco, apply a certain amount of base manure containing potassium, enter prosperous long-term before and in flue-cured tobacco, more than 50% budding after flue-cured tobacco is carried out to potash fertilizer while pinching and topdresses, the sowing amount that wherein contains the base manure of potassium is the 60%-70% that potash fertilizer integral body applies quality, entering the prosperous long-term quality that applies that imposes potash fertilizer is before 15%-20%, while pinching after more than 50% buddingging, the quality that applies that imposes potash fertilizer is 15%-20%.
2. cloud and mist 85 according to claim 1 is put forward the method for potassium fertilising, it is characterized in that: when plantation tobacco, apply a certain amount of base manure containing potassium, enter prosperous long-term before and in flue-cured tobacco, more than 50% budding after flue-cured tobacco is carried out to potash fertilizer while pinching and topdresses, wherein containing the sowing amount of the base manure of potassium be potash fertilizer integral body apply mass content 60%, entering the prosperous quality that applies that imposes potash fertilizer before long-term is that the quality that applies that imposes potash fertilizer while pinching after more than 20%, 50% buddingging is 20%.
3. according to claim 1 or cloud and mist claimed in claim 2 85, put forward the method that potassium applies fertilizer, it is characterized in that: the method comprises the steps:
(1) vega ridging after ploughing digs nest, and making nest spacing is 120 * 50cm;
(2) while transplanting using 60% potash fertilizer as base manure circulating application around cigarette seedling, and apply routinely a certain amount of nitrogenous fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer, then water after the earth mulch fertilizer that takes a morsel;
(3) flue-cured tobacco enter prosperous long-term before, chase after for the first time potash fertilizer, potash fertilizer is spreaded manuer in holes around root, consumption be in whole cloud and mist 85 production processes required potash fertilizer quality 20%;
(4) after more than 50% flue-cured tobacco is buddingged, pinch, after pinching, flue-cured tobacco is imposed to potash fertilizer for the second time, potash fertilizer is spreaded manuer in holes around root, consumption be in whole cloud and mist 85 production processes required potash fertilizer quality 20%,
After this intermittent leaf bud of erasing, to guarantee the growth of tobacco leaf, is gathered by the tobacco leaf normal mature time afterwards.
4. according to claim 1 or cloud and mist claimed in claim 2 85, put forward the method that potassium applies fertilizer, it is characterized in that: the potash fertilizer amount that described flue-cured tobacco needs in overall process is 160-180 kg/ hectare.
5. according to claim 1 or cloud and mist claimed in claim 2 85, put forward the method for potassium fertilising, it is characterized in that: described potash fertilizer is Agricultural Potassium, select one or both the mixture in potassium sulphate, potassium nitrate.
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| CN105850997B (en) * | 2016-03-30 | 2018-04-20 | 贵州省烟草公司铜仁市公司 | Potassium nitrate starches tobacco germination inhibitor and its application process |
| CN107046898A (en) * | 2016-12-12 | 2017-08-18 | 中国烟草总公司广东省公司 | A kind of fertilizing method for lifting cigarette strain nitrogen utilization efficiency |
| CN106613267A (en) * | 2016-12-30 | 2017-05-10 | 中国烟草总公司广东省公司 | Cultivation method for Dayemihe tobacco variety |
| CN106665082A (en) * | 2016-12-30 | 2017-05-17 | 中国烟草总公司广东省公司 | Cultivation method of 81-26 tobacco variety |
| CN115885650A (en) * | 2022-11-09 | 2023-04-04 | 红塔烟草(集团)有限责任公司 | Fertilizing method for improving potassium content of middle-upper tobacco leaves of Yuxi flue-cured tobacco |
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