CN102379183A - Fertilization technology of hongda cured tobacco - Google Patents

Fertilization technology of hongda cured tobacco Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102379183A
CN102379183A CN2011103281978A CN201110328197A CN102379183A CN 102379183 A CN102379183 A CN 102379183A CN 2011103281978 A CN2011103281978 A CN 2011103281978A CN 201110328197 A CN201110328197 A CN 201110328197A CN 102379183 A CN102379183 A CN 102379183A
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fertilizer
cured tobacco
safflower
cigarette strain
gold dollar
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CN2011103281978A
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CN102379183B (en
Inventor
王昌全
李冰
杜微
胡建新
徐强
杨杰
杜倩
杨娟
韩利红
雷彬
李启权
蔡艳
袁大刚
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Sichuan Agricultural University
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Sichuan Agricultural University
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Abstract

The invention relates to a fertilization technology of cured tobacco, in particular to a fertilization technology of hongda cured tobacco, which is characterized in that: aged oil cake, aged microbial inoculum, fully aged farmyard manure, aged phosphate fertilizer, compound fertilizer containing N, P and K and medium and micro fertilizer containing Ca, Mg, Mn and the like are used as base fertilizer, potassium nitrate fertilizer and potassium sulfate fertilizer are used as additional fertilizer, and the total hongda fertilization amount is controlled as follows: N:P2O5:K2O=1:(1.5-2):(6-7.5). The fertilization technology provided by the invention is simple and feasible and improves the yield and quality of the hongda cured tobacco, and the produced tobacco can be baked more easily.

Description

The big gold dollar flue-cured tobacco of a kind of safflower fertilizer practice
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of fertilizer practice of flue-cured tobacco, especially the fertilizer practice of the big gold dollar flue-cured tobacco cultivars of safflower.
Background technology
The big gold dollar original name of safflower flue-cured tobacco Lu Mei city cigarette, the village tobacco grower of south of road county, Yunnan Province in 1962 Lu Mei city selects from big gold dollar variant, gains the name because of pattern is dark red, is one of the main breed in cigarette district, China southwest.Through baking, " the big gold dollar of safflower " fragrance matter is good, jealous pure, and the delicate fragrance style is outstanding, becomes the raw material that each cigarette enterprise is tried to be the first and rushed to purchase.
" the big gold dollar of safflower " is very harsh to the requirement of soil and weather, susceptible sincere heart disease and black stem.And the well developed root system absorbing capacity is stronger, and is especially comparatively responsive to nitrogenous fertilizer so form drought-enduring not anti-fertilizer, and the characteristic of happiness potassium, and in the too high situation of nitrogen, often to spend the prosperous later stage remaining green when it is due to become yellow and ripe because of growing way.In addition, the chlorophyll content in leaf blades of " the big gold dollar of safflower " is many, and the maturing stage tobacco leaf falls yellow slow evening removing jaundice time, even foster more green more in the field, and it is low to adopt when roasting the removing jaundice degree.Thereby improper fertilization very easily causes the tobacco flue-curing difficulty, the reduction yield and quality.
 
Summary of the invention
The technical problem that the present invention will solve provide a kind of simple, improve yield and quality, the big gold dollar flue-cured tobacco of safflower fertilizer practice that the tobacco leaf produced more is prone to baking.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the big gold dollar flue-cured tobacco of the safflower fertilizer practice that the present invention adopts comprises the steps:
(1) the stay cord fixed point is beaten nest, and the farmyard manure that the oil cake that will become thoroughly decomposed, microbial inoculum fully become thoroughly decomposed, the phosphate fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed are made base manure, fully mix fertilizer 500-1000kg/ mu, phosphate fertilizer 4-6kg/ mu thoroughly with nest soil.
(2) (the fertile company of the prosperous phyllody in Sichuan produces, and wherein N 8%, P will to contain the composite fertilizer of N, P, K 2O 512%, K 2O 30%) and contain Ca, Mg, Mn etc. in little fertilizer (the fertile company of the prosperous phyllody in Sichuan produces) make base manure, 8~10cm place circulating application around the cigarette strain, composite fertilizer 25-40kg/ mu, in little fertile 1-2kg/ mu.
(3) kalium nitrate fertilizer is topdressed, executed at twice, for the first time transplanted the back 5-8 days in the cigarette strain, 2-3.5kg/ mu, after transplanting 15~20 days for the second time, 6.5-7.8kg/ mu was executed down apart from four jiaos of cigarette strain 8~10cm place.
(4) potassium sulphate fertilizer is topdressed; Executed at twice, for the first time on taking off film, concentrated the soil layer of circulating application during the railway carriage or compartment, executed down covering soil layer ≧ 10, back centimetre to the root system comparatively dense; 14-20 kilogram/mu; Taking off on the film behind the railway carriage or compartment 7-10 days for the second time, 4-7 kilogram/mu is executed down for four jiaos apart from cigarette strain 8~10cm place from the cigarette strain.
The master control of the big gold dollar fertilizing amount of safflower is: N:P 2O 5: K 2O=1:1.5-2:6-7.5.
Phosphate fertilizer and farmyard manure heap are sealed more than one month and are used.Phosphate fertilizer very easily is difficult to be utilized by soil fixation, and flue-cured tobacco this season availability is merely 5~10%, seals to use more than one month with the farmyard manure heap again and increases operation rate.
Phosphate fertilizer can be phosphorus one ammonium, phosphate fertilizer such as calcium phosphate or potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
 
Embodiment
Following examples are that the present invention is further explained, are not limitations of the present invention.
The flue-cured tobacco composite fertilizer special that uses in the following instance with in little fertilizer be the big gold dollar flue-cured tobacco of the safflower composite fertilizer special that the fertile company of the prosperous phyllody in Sichuan produces, wherein composite fertilizer (N 8%, P 2O 512%, K 2O 30%).
Instance 1:
Little fertile 2kg/ mu in farmyard manure 500kg/ mu, oil cake 20kg/ mu and the special use of the big gold dollar flue-cured tobacco of safflower is applied and fully mixes thoroughly with nest soil, again with 70% (21kg/ mu of the big gold dollar special fertilizer for tobacco of safflower consumption 30kg/ mu 2) being used as base fertilizer, residue 30% (9kg/ mu) is stayed when taking off on the film railway carriage or compartment and has been executed.Transplanted back 7 days, with kalium nitrate fertilizer 3kg/ mu 2Impose, execute down for four jiaos, transplanted back 15 days, use the same method and execute 7kg/ mu again apart from cigarette strain 8cm from the cigarette strain.When taking off film,, go up the railway carriage or compartment, execute down the back and cover 12 cm layer of soil in conjunction with ridging with the soil layer of potassium sulphate fertilizer 20 kg/ mus and the concentrated root system comparatively dense of spreading manuer in holes of the big gold dollar special fertilizer for tobacco 30% of safflower (9kg/ mu).
Instance 2:
With farmyard manure 500kg/ mu 2Fully mix thoroughly with oil cake 20kg/ mu and nest soil, again with the big gold dollar flue-cured tobacco of safflower composite fertilizer special 30kg/ mu 2With little fertile 2kg/ mu in the special use of the big gold dollar flue-cured tobacco of safflower 2Mix, all be used as base manure, disposable having executed.Transplanted back 7 days, kalium nitrate fertilizer imposes according to 3kg/ mu consumption, apart from cigarette strain 8cm, executes down for four jiaos from the cigarette strain.Transplanted back 15 days, and used the same method and execute 7kg/ mu again.When taking off film, potassium sulphate fertilizer is gone up the railway carriage or compartment according to the soil layer of the concentrated root system comparatively dense of spreading manuer in holes of 20 kg/ mu consumptions in conjunction with ridging, executes down the back and covers 12 cm layer of soil.
Instance 3:
With farmyard manure 500kg/ mu 2, oil cake 20kg/ mu 2Apply and fully mix thoroughly with nest soil with little fertile 2kg/ mu in the special use of the big gold dollar flue-cured tobacco of safflower, 70% (21kg/ mu) with the big gold dollar special fertilizer for tobacco of safflower 30kg/ mu is used as base manure again, residue 30% (9kg/ mu 2) stay when taking off on the film railway carriage or compartment and executed.Transplanted back 7 days, kalium nitrate fertilizer is according to 3kg/ mu 2Consumption imposes, apart from cigarette strain 8cm, from four jiaos of vertical inserting down of cigarette strain.Transplanted back 15 days, and used the same method and execute 7kg/ mu again.When taking off film, potassium sulphate fertilizer is concentrated the soil layer of circulating application to the root system comparatively dense according to 15 kg/ mu consumptions and the big gold dollar special fertilizer for tobacco 30% of safflower (9kg/ mu), goes up the railway carriage or compartment in conjunction with ridging, executes down the back and covers 12 cm layer of soil.Took off on the film behind the railway carriage or compartment 7-10 days, and pressed 5kg/ mu 2Consumption, apart from cigarette strain 8cm, execute down for four jiaos from the cigarette strain.
Instance 4:
With little fertile 2kg/ mu in farmyard manure 500kg/ mu, oil cake 20kg/ mu, phosphorus one ammonium, 5 kg/ mus and the special use of the big gold dollar flue-cured tobacco of safflower behind the mixing stack retting 2Mix thoroughly and apply nest soil, and fully mix thoroughly, the bigger gold dollar flue-cured tobacco of safflower composite fertilizer special 30kg/ mu is used as all that base manure is disposable have been executed with nest soil.Transplanted back 5 days, kalium nitrate fertilizer 3kg/ mu imposes, and apart from cigarette strain 8cm, executes down for four jiaos from the cigarette strain.Transplanted back about 15 days, and used the same method and execute 7kg/ mu again.When taking off film, potassium sulphate fertilizer 20 kg/ mus are concentrated the soil layer of the root system comparatively dense of spreading manuer in holes, and go up the railway carriage or compartment in conjunction with ridging, have executed the back and have covered 12 cm layer of soil.
Instance 5:
Little fertile 2kg/ mu in the farmyard manure 500kg/ mu, oil cake 20kg/ mu, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 5 kg/ mus and the special use of the big gold dollar flue-cured tobacco of safflower that mix behind the stack retting mixed thoroughly apply nest soil; And fully mix thoroughly with nest soil; 70% (21kg/ mu) with the big gold dollar flue-cured tobacco of safflower composite fertilizer special 30kg/ mu is used as base manure again, and residue 30% (9kg/ mu) is stayed when taking off on the film railway carriage or compartment and executed.Transplanted back 8 days, kalium nitrate fertilizer 3kg/ mu imposes, and apart from cigarette strain 8cm, executes down for four jiaos from the cigarette strain.Transplanted back 20 days, and used the same method and execute 7kg/ mu again.When taking off film, potassium sulphate fertilizer 20 kg/ mus and the big gold dollar flue-cured tobacco of safflower composite fertilizer special 30% (9kg/ mu) are concentrated the soil layer of the root system comparatively dense of spreading manuer in holes, and go up the railway carriage or compartment in conjunction with ridging, have executed the back and have covered 12 cm layer of soil.
Instance 6:
To mix in farmyard manure 600kg/ mu, oil cake 20kg/ mu, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 4.5 kg/ mus and the special use of the big gold dollar flue-cured tobacco of safflower behind the stack retting little fertile 2.8kg/ mu earlier mixes thoroughly and applies nest soil; And fully mix thoroughly with nest soil, the bigger gold dollar special fertilizer for tobacco of safflower 35kg/ mu all is used as base manure apart from cigarette strain 10 cm circulating application.Transplanted back 6 days, kalium nitrate fertilizer 2.7kg/ mu imposes, and apart from cigarette strain 10cm, vertically executes down for four jiaos from the cigarette strain.Transplanted back 18 days, and used the same method and execute 7.4kg/ mu again.When taking off film, potassium sulphate fertilizer 15 kg/ mus are concentrated the soil layer of circulating application to the root system comparatively dense, go up the railway carriage or compartment in conjunction with ridging, execute down the back and cover 13 cm layer of soil.Took off on the film behind the railway carriage or compartment 7 days, 5kg/ mu apart from cigarette strain 10cm, is executed down for four jiaos from the cigarette strain.
Embodiment 7:
To mix in farmyard manure 1000kg/ mu, oil cake 20kg/ mu, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 4 kg/ mus and the special use of the big gold dollar flue-cured tobacco of safflower behind the stack retting little fertile 2kg/ mu earlier mixes thoroughly and applies nest soil; And fully mix thoroughly with nest soil, the bigger gold dollar special fertilizer for tobacco of safflower 25kg/ mu all is used as base manure apart from cigarette strain 8 cm circulating application.Transplanted back 7 days, kalium nitrate fertilizer 3.5kg/ mu imposes, and apart from cigarette strain 8cm, vertically executes down for four jiaos from the cigarette strain.Transplanted back 15 days, and used the same method and execute 6.5kg/ mu again.When taking off film, potassium sulphate fertilizer 14kg/ mu is concentrated the soil layer of circulating application to the root system comparatively dense, goes up the railway carriage or compartment in conjunction with ridging, executes down the back and covers 12 cm layer of soil.Took off on the film behind the railway carriage or compartment 10 days, 4kg/ mu apart from cigarette strain 8cm, is executed down for four jiaos from the cigarette strain.
Embodiment 8:
To mix in farmyard manure 700kg/ mu, oil cake 20kg/ mu, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 6kg/ mu and the special use of the big gold dollar flue-cured tobacco of safflower behind the stack retting little fertile 1kg/ mu earlier mixes thoroughly and applies nest soil; And fully mix thoroughly with nest soil, the bigger gold dollar special fertilizer for tobacco of safflower 40kg/ mu all is used as base manure apart from cigarette strain 9 cm circulating application.Transplanted back 7 days, kalium nitrate fertilizer 2kg/ mu imposes, and apart from cigarette strain 9cm, vertically executes down for four jiaos from the cigarette strain.Transplanted back 15 days, and used the same method and execute 7.8kg/ mu again.When taking off film, potassium sulphate fertilizer 20kg/ mu is concentrated the soil layer of circulating application to the root system comparatively dense, goes up the railway carriage or compartment in conjunction with ridging, executes down the back and covers 14 cm layer of soil.Took off on the film behind the railway carriage or compartment 8 days, 7kg/ mu apart from cigarette strain 9cm, is executed down for four jiaos from the cigarette strain.
Table 1 the present invention and the generally contrast of fertilizer practice maturing stage economical character in Panzhihua flue-cured tobacco field trial
Experimental group Plant height (cm) Pitch (cm) Stem girth (cm) Effective blade number (sheet) Bottom Ye Changkuan (cm) Middle leaf length and width (cm) Upper leaf length and width (cm)
Instance 1 76 5.3 5.4 17 59×56 64×26 26×14
Instance 2 103 8.1 7.2 20 84×29 78×27 29×17
Instance 3 95 7.3 6.8 20 74×28 72×28 26×15
Instance 4 84 6.5 8.5 20 75×24 74×27 29×20
Instance 5 99 7.6 9.1 21 89×31 79×31 31×19
Instance 6 116 8.5 9.8 22 89×34 85×32 37×22
Remarks: the maturing stage plant height is a measured value after flue-cured tobacco is pinched.
 
Table 2 the present invention and the generally contrast of fertilizer practice economic characters in Panzhihua flue-cured tobacco field trial
Experimental group Per mu yield (kg) Per mu yield value (kg) First-class cigarette ratio (%) Medium grade cigarette ratio (%) Better-than-average cigarette ratio (%)
Instance 1 121.23 1340.4 23.4 34.1 57.5
Instance 2 140.13 2020.4 30.1 45.7 75.8
Instance 3 137.95 1845.9 28.6 43.9 72.5
Instance 4 144.13 2056.2 31.7 43.7 75.4
Instance 5 147.81 2120.4 34.4 42.5 76.9
Instance 6 157.39 2274.6 38.5 42.8 81.3
Table 3 the present invention and the generally contrast of fertilizer practice presentation quality in Panzhihua flue-cured tobacco field trial
Experimental group Color Maturity Blade construction Identity Oil content Colourity Integrate score
Instance 1 7.70 6.65 6.40 5.60 4.53 6.53 6.13
Instance 2 7.97 8.30 7.53 7.47 5.97 7.07 7.24
Instance 3 8.03 7.70 6.93 7.00 6.23 6.07 7.05
Instance 4 8.43 8.40 7.47 7.27 6.23 7.47 7.46
Instance 5 8.43 8.40 7.57 7.67 6.80 7.47 7.68
Instance 6 8.83 8.40 8.57 7.47 7.63 7.93 8.17
Remarks: flue-cured tobacco presentation quality overall merit adopts the exponential sum method to calculate, and the index screening of index system, quantification of targets method, authentication method and index weight are confirmed all with reference to Chinese tobacco plantation zoning achievement in research.
 
Table 4 the present invention with in general fertilizer practice is in Panzhihua flue-cured tobacco field trial in the contrast of chemical quality
Experimental group Total nitrogen Nicotine Water-soluble total reducing sugar Reducing sugar Cigarette potassium The nitrogen base ratio Sugar alkali ratio
Instance 1 2.16 1.66 20.44 17.25 1.34 1.19 12.31
Instance 2 2.31 1.99 23.72 20.08 1.65 1.16 11.92
Instance 3 2.28 1.75 24.82 19.74 1.78 1.30 14.18
Instance 4 2.68 2.18 28.74 24.52 1.83 1.18 13.18
Instance 5 2.84 2.29 27.11 23.27 1.96 1.15 11.84
Instance 6 2.76 2.54 29.95 27.53 2.38 1.09 11.79

Claims (4)

1. the big gold dollar flue-cured tobacco of safflower fertilizer practice, its characteristic comprises the steps:
(1) the stay cord fixed point is beaten nest, and the farmyard manure that the oil cake that will become thoroughly decomposed, microbial inoculum fully become thoroughly decomposed, the phosphate fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed are made base manure, fully mix fertilizer 500-1000kg/ mu, phosphate fertilizer 4-6kg/ mu thoroughly with nest soil.
(2) will contain composite fertilizer's base manure of N, P, K and contain Ca, Mg, Mn etc. in little fertilizer make base manure, 8~10cm place circulating application around the cigarette strain, composite fertilizer 25-40kg/ mu, in little fertile 1-2kg/ mu.
(3) kalium nitrate fertilizer is topdressed, executed at twice, for the first time transplanted the back 5-8 days in the cigarette strain, 2-3.5kg/ mu, after transplanting 15~20 days for the second time, 6.5-7.8kg/ mu was executed down apart from four jiaos of cigarette strain 8~10cm place.
(4) potassium sulphate fertilizer is topdressed; Executed at twice, for the first time on taking off film, concentrated the soil layer of circulating application during the railway carriage or compartment, executed down covering soil layer ≧ 10, back centimetre to the root system comparatively dense; 14-20 kilogram/mu; Taking off on the film behind the railway carriage or compartment 7-10 days for the second time, 4-7 kilogram/mu is executed down for four jiaos apart from cigarette strain 8~10cm place from the cigarette strain.
2. the big gold dollar flue-cured tobacco of a kind of safflower according to claim 1 fertilizer practice is characterized in that: the big gold dollar fertilizing amount of safflower is controlled to be: N:P 2O 5: K 2O=1:1.5-2:6-7.5.
3. the big gold dollar flue-cured tobacco of a kind of safflower according to claim 1 fertilizer practice is characterized in that: phosphate fertilizer and farmyard manure heap are sealed more than one month and are used.
4. the big gold dollar flue-cured tobacco of a kind of safflower according to claim 1 fertilizer practice, it is characterized in that: phosphate fertilizer can be phosphorus one ammonium, phosphate fertilizer such as superphosphate or potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
CN 201110328197 2011-10-26 2011-10-26 Fertilization technology of hongda cured tobacco Expired - Fee Related CN102379183B (en)

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CN103210725A (en) * 2013-04-14 2013-07-24 云南省烟草公司楚雄州公司 Double-layer flue-cured tobacco fertilization method
CN103563535A (en) * 2013-11-08 2014-02-12 四川农业大学 Method for potassium extraction and fertilization of tobacco leaves of Yunyan85 (flue-cured tobacco variety)
CN103782788A (en) * 2014-02-28 2014-05-14 湖北省烟草公司恩施州公司 Double-row concave type combined ridge tobacco transplant method
CN104387211A (en) * 2014-11-17 2015-03-04 云南省烟草公司昆明市公司 Special nutrient package fertilizer for Honghua Dajinyuan species tobacco and preparation method thereof
CN104823586A (en) * 2015-05-28 2015-08-12 云南省烟草公司昆明市公司 Ecological fertilization method for facilitating yellowing and maturity of honghuadajinyuan tobacco leaves
CN105993342A (en) * 2016-05-16 2016-10-12 攀枝花市农林科学研究院 Nitrogenous fertilizer applying method for HonghuaDajinyuantobacco
CN106489395A (en) * 2016-11-02 2017-03-15 西昌学院 A kind of simple differentiation fertilizing method of the big gold dollar of Flos Carthami

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Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103210725A (en) * 2013-04-14 2013-07-24 云南省烟草公司楚雄州公司 Double-layer flue-cured tobacco fertilization method
CN103210725B (en) * 2013-04-14 2014-07-09 云南省烟草公司楚雄州公司 Double-layer flue-cured tobacco fertilization method
CN103563535A (en) * 2013-11-08 2014-02-12 四川农业大学 Method for potassium extraction and fertilization of tobacco leaves of Yunyan85 (flue-cured tobacco variety)
CN103563535B (en) * 2013-11-08 2016-02-03 四川农业大学 A kind of Yun yan85 tobacco leaf puies forward the method for potassium fertilising
CN103782788A (en) * 2014-02-28 2014-05-14 湖北省烟草公司恩施州公司 Double-row concave type combined ridge tobacco transplant method
CN104387211A (en) * 2014-11-17 2015-03-04 云南省烟草公司昆明市公司 Special nutrient package fertilizer for Honghua Dajinyuan species tobacco and preparation method thereof
CN104823586A (en) * 2015-05-28 2015-08-12 云南省烟草公司昆明市公司 Ecological fertilization method for facilitating yellowing and maturity of honghuadajinyuan tobacco leaves
CN104823586B (en) * 2015-05-28 2017-10-27 云南省烟草公司昆明市公司 A kind of promotion big gold dollar tobacco leaf of safflower falls the ripe ecological fertilization method of Huang Cheng
CN105993342A (en) * 2016-05-16 2016-10-12 攀枝花市农林科学研究院 Nitrogenous fertilizer applying method for HonghuaDajinyuantobacco
CN106489395A (en) * 2016-11-02 2017-03-15 西昌学院 A kind of simple differentiation fertilizing method of the big gold dollar of Flos Carthami

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Inventor after: Wang Changquan

Inventor after: Lei Bin

Inventor after: Li Qiquan

Inventor after: Cai Yan

Inventor after: Yuan Dagang

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