CN103563535B - A kind of Yun yan85 tobacco leaf puies forward the method for potassium fertilising - Google Patents
A kind of Yun yan85 tobacco leaf puies forward the method for potassium fertilising Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to flue-cured tobacco cultivation technical field, be specifically related to a kind of method that Yun yan85 proposes potassium fertilising.The method comprises and applies potash fertilizer to cloud and mist, it is characterized in that: apply a certain amount of base manure containing potassium when planting tobacco, enter prosperous long-term before and when in flue-cured tobacco more than 50% budding after pinch time potash fertilizer carried out to flue-cured tobacco topdress, sowing amount wherein containing the base manure of potassium is the 60%-70% that potash fertilizer entirety applies quality, enter prosperous long-term before impose potash fertilizer the quality that applies be 15%-20%, more than 50% budding after when pinching.The quality that applies imposing potash fertilizer is 15%-20%.The accurately fertilizing time of potash fertilizer, dressing time and consumption, can reduce the waste of potash fertilizer, while guarantee output, can also improve the potassium content of tobacco leaf.Get the tobacco leaf of gathering to analyze, the potassium content recording tobacco leaf is 3.13%, and higher than the standard of sound tobacco potassium content >=2%.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to flue-cured tobacco cultivation technical field, be specifically related to a kind of method that Yun yan85 proposes potassium fertilising.
Background technology
Yun yan85 flue-cured tobacco is Dicotyledoneae Tubiflorae Solanaceae, Nicotiana, annual herb plant, is the kind of K326 and cloud and mist No. 2 cross breedings.History has for many years been planted at present in China.But in recent years, continuous cropping and chemical fertilizer application too much cause cured tobacco leaf oil content to reduce, perfume quantity reduces, and aroma quality reduces, and final quality of tobacco declines.
An aspect of Yun yan85 Quality Down is that preservative water preperation does not catch up with, so in recent years, for improving the potassium content in tobacco leaf, relevant scholar has done a large amount of exploratory developments.At present, improving the topmost means of potassium content in tobacco leaf is by increasing K Amounts, changes Potassium Fertilizer mode, as foliage-spray.These measures not only add tobacco grower and drop into, and tobacco nutritive element can be caused uneven, affect cigarette strain growth, do not reach the object of good quality and high output.Therefore, also have many scholars by plastic mulching, pinch after spray nicotine decreasing and potassium elevating preparation of fire-cured tobacco, band girdle phloem, tobacco suitable the technology such as to be completely cured reduce soil K loss by erosion, or use the physiological regulating control methods such as plant growth regulating substance IAA and NAA to improve potassium content of tobacco leaf.Although these methods can reduce the loss of potassium to a certain extent, improve the availability of potash fertilizer, but still fundamentally do not solve the low problem of preservative water preperation.
And have research to point out, when executing potassium total amount and base manure consumption is equal, improve the ratio of manuring late be conducive to potassium in, the accumulation of upper blade, the output and potassium content that improve tobacco leaf are described, the sufficient supplies of flue-cured tobacco fertility middle and later periods potassium element must be paid attention to, advocate potash fertilizer gradation and use.Because of flue-cured tobacco cultivars and the difference of planting cigarette region, there is larger difference in the application process of potash fertilizer.From current present situation, the amount of application of potash fertilizer and time of application are all uncertain.And by finding the investigation of Liangshan tobacco-growing areas, long-term a large amount of application of potash fertilizer during local plantation flue-cured tobacco, and to impose potash fertilizer major part be complete in 30d after transplanting, the potassium content in tobacco leaf of planting flue-cured tobacco cultivars Yun yan85 as landlord is lower, mean value is only about 1.8%, this severely limits the further raising of quality of tobacco.Therefore how to determine that corresponding potash fertilizer application method of planting the specific flue-cured tobacco cultivars in cigarette region seems particularly important.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide the waste that can reduce potash fertilizer, while guarantee Yun yan85 output, can also improve the potassium content of tobacco leaf, a kind of Yun yan85 that potash fertilizer can be efficiently utilized puies forward the method for potassium fertilising.
Concrete technical scheme of the present invention is:
A kind of Yun yan85 puies forward the method for potassium fertilising, the method comprises and applies potash fertilizer to cloud and mist, a certain amount of base manure containing potassium is applied when planting tobacco, enter prosperous long-term before and when in flue-cured tobacco more than 50% budding after pinch time potash fertilizer carried out to flue-cured tobacco impose, sowing amount wherein containing the base manure of potassium is the 60%-70% that potash fertilizer entirety applies quality, enter prosperous long-term before impose potash fertilizer the quality that applies be 15%-20%, more than 50% budding after when pinching, the quality that applies imposing potash fertilizer is 15%-20%.
As preferably, the method that Yun yan85 proposes potassium fertilising is apply a certain amount of base manure containing potassium when planting tobacco, enter prosperous long-term before and when in flue-cured tobacco more than 50% budding after pinch time potash fertilizer carried out to flue-cured tobacco impose, sowing amount wherein containing the base manure of potassium is that potash fertilizer entirety applies 60% of quality, entering the prosperous long-term quality that applies of topdressing potash fertilizer is before 20%, more than 50% budding after when pinching, the quality that applies imposing potash fertilizer is 20%.
Yun yan85 puies forward a method for potassium fertilising, and the method comprises following concrete steps:
(1) vega ridging after ploughing digs nest, makes nest spacing be 120 × 50cm;
(2) when transplanting using the potash fertilizer of 60% as base manure circulating application around cigarette seedling, and apply a certain amount of nitrogenous fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer routinely, then water after the earth mulch fertilizer that takes a morsel;
(3) before flue-cured tobacco enters prosperous long-term (40-60 days), carrying out first time chases after potash fertilizer, and potash fertilizer is spreaded manuer in holes around root, and consumption is 20% of potash fertilizer quality required in whole Yun yan85 production process;
(4) when more than 50% flue-cured tobacco budding after pinch, pinch when referring to tobacco growth 65-85 days, carry out second time to flue-cured tobacco after pinching and chase after potash fertilizer, potash fertilizer is spreaded manuer in holes around root, and sowing amount is 20% of required potash fertilizer quality in whole Yun yan85 production process.After this intermittence erases leaf bud to ensure the growth of tobacco leaf, gathers afterwards by the tobacco leaf normal mature time.Pinch refer to pinch go the top of some crop, make it volume increase.Also claim pinching, the principle of pinching removes the growing point of stem, and the secretion of Developing restraint element, removes the meristematic tissue of terminal bud, can control to increase and attenuating growth, be conducive to thickening growth and accelerate fruit development.Object suppresses to nourish and grow promotion reproductive growth, plant yielded positive results more, also cries " removal apical dominance ".
The potash fertilizer amount that described flue-cured tobacco needs in overall process is 160-180kg/hm
2.
Described potash fertilizer is Agricultural Potassium, selects one or both the mixture in potassium sulfate, potassium nitrate.General in tobacco growing process, use nitre phosphorus ammonium 250-350kghm
-2, fused calcium magnesium phosphate 550-650kghm
-2, potassium sulfate 320-360kghm
-2, the mass ratio of the Nitrogen, Phosphorus potassium used is 1:1:1.8-2.2.Described fused calcium magnesium phosphate refers to the phosphate fertilizer of the trace element such as calcic, magnesium, such as can adopt superphosphate etc.
Good effect of the present invention is embodied in: the accurate fertilizing time of potash fertilizer, dressing time and consumption, can reduce the waste of potash fertilizer, while guarantee output, can also improve the potassium content of tobacco leaf.Get the tobacco leaf of gathering to analyze, the potassium content recording tobacco leaf is 3.13%, and higher than the standard of sound tobacco potassium content >=2%.
Accompanying drawing illustrates:
Fig. 1 is the potassium accumulation rate difference curve figure of flue-cured tobacco under different amount of potassium applied in 2011
Fig. 2 is the potassium accumulation rate difference curve figure of flue-cured tobacco under different amount of potassium applied in 2012
Fig. 3 is the stage potassium accumulation rate difference histogram of flue-cured tobacco under different amount of potassium applied in 2011
Fig. 4 is the stage potassium accumulation rate difference histogram of flue-cured tobacco under different amount of potassium applied in 2012
Fig. 5 is the graph of relation of amount of potassium applied and output
Fig. 6 is the graph of relation of amount of potassium applied and potassium accumulation B.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is further described, but do not limit the scope of the invention.
Embodiment 1:
Yun yan85 puies forward a method for potassium fertilising, and the method comprises the steps:
(1) vega ridging after ploughing digs nest, and nest spacing is 120 × 50cm;
(2) when transplanting, per hectare circulating application 600kg fused calcium magnesium phosphate, 210kg nitre phosphorus ammonium and 192-216kg potassium sulfate are around cigarette seedling, water after the earth mulch fertilizer that takes a morsel; Circulating application one to grow tobacco fertilization mode, is specially and applies fertilizer around ridge.
(3) flue-cured tobacco enter prosperous long-term before, the period of general growth about 50d carries out first time and topdresses, and per hectare is spreaded manuer in holes around root by nitre phosphorus ammonium 90kg and potassium sulfate 68kg;
(4) when in flue-cured tobacco more than 50% flue-cured tobacco budding after pinch, general growth about 80d, carry out second time after pinching and topdress, per hectare is spreaded manuer in holes around root by potassium sulfate 72kg, after this intermittence erases leaf bud to ensure the growth of tobacco leaf, gathers afterwards by the tobacco leaf normal mature time.
Embodiment 2:
Gradient experiment:
Earth culture test arranges 4 potassium process (K
2o): 0(PK0), 90mgkg
-1(PK90), 180mgkg
-1and 270mgkg (PK180)
-1(PK270) soil, wherein 180-270mgkg
-1be equivalent to land for growing field crops consumption, 180-270kghm
-2for the local conventional K Amounts of Goats in Liangshan Prefecture.Each process repetition 30 times, Nitrogen and phosphate application rate applies N90mg, P by every kilogram of soil
2o
590mg.Test to have in the solarium of rainproof facility on Sichuan Agricultural University's teaching and scientific research farm in 2011 and carry out.By air-dry for soil rear mixing, load 10L Plastic Drum, every barreled soil 15kg, transplant and the last week whole phosphate fertilizer, the nitrogenous fertilizer of 70% and the potash fertilizer of 70% are mixed into soil in form of an aqueous solutions as base manure, residual nitrogen, potash fertilizer impose 15% respectively at 15d and 25d.Select the consistent cigarette transplantation of seedlings of growing way in basin, the strain of every basin kind 1, totally 120 basins.By the mode randomized arrangement of distance between rows and hills 120cm × 50cm, after transplanting, cultivation management is undertaken by land for growing field crops routine.Sample respectively at prosperous long-term (after transplanting 40d), squaring period (90d), inferior leads maturing stage (110d), middle leaf maturing stage (120d) and upper leaf maturing stage (130d), whole strain is taked, and by root, stem, leaf separately, adopts 3 repetitions at every turn.
Field experiment arranges 5 potassium process (K
2o): 0(FK0), 90kghm
-2(FK90), 180kghm
-2(FK180), 270kghm
-2and 360kghm (FK270)
-2(FK360), each process repetition 3 times, nitrogen, Phosphorus fertilizer usage are respectively N90kghm
-2, P
2o
590kghm
-2.Plot area is 40m
2, Gong15Ge community, random district group arranges.Test and carried out in Goats in Liangshan Prefecture tobacco company leaf tobacco production Technique Popularizing application multi-center trial base in 2012.Select cigarette seedling 50 strain that growing way is consistent to transplant to each community (distance between rows and hills is 120cm × 50cm), adopt the cultivation of high ridge single file, experimental field surrounding establishes protection row.During transplanting using whole phosphate fertilizer, the nitrogenous fertilizer of 70% and the potash fertilizer of 70% as base manure circulating application around cigarette seedling, residual nitrogen, potash fertilizer impose within 30d.Other cultivation management measures are all carried out according to general land for growing field crops, locality.The collection of sample is undertaken by two kinds of modes: 1. sample respectively at prosperous long-term (after transplanting 50d), squaring period (65d), inferior leads maturing stage (85d), middle leaf maturing stage (95d) and upper leaf maturing stage (105d), whole strain is taked, by root, stem, leaf separately, 4 strain aggregate samples are got for once to repeat in each community; 2. conveniently land for growing field crops sample mode is taked, and stem and root is gathered in the lump during last sampling, and by root, stem, upper leaf, middle leaf and inferior leads separately, 4 strain aggregate samples are got for once to repeat in each community.
Second phase test arranges 9 and executes potassium process, tests and carries out according to the test of 3rd district:
I-clear area, does not execute potassium;
II-conventional fertilizer application district, peasant household's habits fertilization;
III-Optimum district, different Dressing ratios examples:
III-1-Dressing ratios 100%: 0%: 0%,
III-2-Dressing ratios 70%: 15%: 15%,
III-3-Dressing ratios 60%: 20%: 20%,
III-4-Dressing ratios 50%: 25%: 25%,
III-5-Dressing ratios 40%: 30%: 30%,
III-6-Dressing ratios 30%: 35%: 35%,
III-7-Dressing ratios 0%: 50%: 50%.
Note: Optimum district potash fertilizer total amount is 160kg/hm
2, dressing time is that 55d(is prosperous long-term) and after 80d(pinches).
From Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, under earth culture and field test condition, all there are two peak periods to the accumulation of potassium in flue-cured tobacco, is respectively prosperous long later stage and middle leaf maturing stage.Under earth culture experimental condition, although the potassium accumulation rate in flue-cured tobacco middle leaf maturing stage increases to some extent, still lower compared with the prosperous long later stage, illustrate that it is main still before pinching to the accumulation of potassium.And under field test condition, the potassium accumulation rate in flue-cured tobacco prosperous long later stage and middle leaf maturing stage is all higher, and be more or less the same, illustrate that Yun yan85 still has stronger potassium accumulation ability at later stages.Therefore, analyze the potassium accumulation rate of flue-cured tobacco Different growth phases further, as shown in Figure 2, Yun yan85 to the accumulation of potassium mainly before the tobacco leaf maturation of middle part (earth culture and field experiment are respectively and transplant after before 120d and 95d).Because the growth of earth culture experimental condition to flue-cured tobacco has certain restriction, therefore after transplanting during 90-110d (inferior leads maturing stage), outer row's speed of cigarette strain potassium element is greater than accumulation rate, the potassium accumulation of flue-cured tobacco reduces, but after transplanting during 110-120d (middle leaf maturing stage), the potassium accumulation rate under PK180 process is higher than other vegetative stages.And under field test condition, budding after pinching, the potassium accumulation rate of cigarette strain is greater than outer row's speed, and therefore flue-cured tobacco all has certain potassium accumulation rate after transplanting during 65-95d, and during 85-95d, the potassium accumulation rate under FK180 and FK270 process is higher than other vegetative stages.Illustrate, suitable Potassium Fertilizer can make Yun yan85 have a relatively high potassium accumulation rate in the middle leaf maturing stage.
Flue-cured tobacco Potassium Fertilizer Application
The determination of Potassium Fertilizer
In cured tobacco production, the income of yield of tobacco to tobacco grower plays conclusive effect, and Potassium Fertilizer has important impact to yield of tobacco.The output of tobacco leaf first increases rear reduction with the increase of Potassium Fertilizer, yield of tobacco (x1) and Potassium Fertilizer (y1) is carried out matching, the results are shown in Figure 5(F and verify as extremely remarkable).Take x1 as variable, to equation (1) both sides differentiate, obtain equation: dy1/dx1=3.0717-0.0184x1, can calculate maximum output amount of potassium applied is 167kg/hm
2, corresponding output is 2239.1kg/hm
2.Equal marginal cost according to marginal benefit, namely dy1yp=dx1xp calculates optimum economic benefit amount of potassium applied, and can obtain equation: 3.0717-0.0184x1=xp/yp, in formula, xp is K
2o price 3.4 yuan/kg, yp is tobacco leaf average price 20 yuan/kg, substitutes into above-mentioned equation, and solving an equation and can obtaining optimum economic benefit amount of potassium applied is 158kg/hm
2, output is now 2238.4kg/hm
2.
The price of tobacco leaf and its quality closely related, amount of potassium applied affects quality of tobacco by affecting potassium content in tobacco leaf.The whole strain of flue-cured tobacco is consistent with output with the variation tendency of Potassium Fertilizer with the potassium accumulation of tobacco leaf, all first increase rear reduction, whole for flue-cured tobacco strain potassium accumulation (y2) and tobacco leaf potassium accumulation (y3) are carried out matching with Potassium Fertilizer (x2, x3) respectively, the results are shown in Figure 6(F and verify as extremely significantly with remarkable).With x2, x3 for variable, to equation (2) and equation (3) both sides differentiate, obtain equation respectively: dy2/dx2=0.2346-0.0012x2 and dy3/dx3=0.1722-0.0008x3 can calculate the highest whole strain potassium accumulation amount of potassium applied and the highest tobacco leaf potassium accumulation amount of potassium applied is respectively 196kg/hm
2and 215kg/hm
2, corresponding whole strain potassium accumulation and tobacco leaf potassium accumulation are respectively 100.13kg/hm
2and 53.47kg/hm
2.
The accumulation of flue-cured tobacco potassium and assigned characteristics under Different Potassium Fertilizer consumption
Under Different Potassium Fertilizer consumption, the potassium of flue-cured tobacco accumulates and distributes difference in Table 1(2012)
Analyzed from table 1, under the Different Potassium Fertilizer consumption calculated with various criterion, yield of tobacco, potassium accumulation, potassium content in tobacco leaf and potassium apportionment ratio are all higher, and are more or less the same.And from Potassium Fertilizer, Potassium Fertilizer during optimum economic benefit is relatively low, compared with the conventional amount used of locality, decrease about 1/4, illustrate that this Potassium Fertilizer is while guarantee yield of tobacco and potassium content, can also reduce economic input, additional income.Therefore, can determine that the best Potassium Fertilizer under this experiment condition is 158kghm
-2.
The output of tobacco leaf, potassium content and potassium accumulation difference (2013) under Different Potassium Fertilizer method of application
in table 2
As shown in Table 2, execute potassium mode and all considerable influence is existed to the output of tobacco leaf, potassium content and potassium accumulation.When K Amounts one timing, the output of tobacco leaf, potassium content and potassium accumulation all impose the increase of ratio in first increasing the variation tendency reduced afterwards with potash fertilizer, III-3 process under yield of tobacco, potassium content and potassium accumulation be significantly higher than other and process.By known compared with locality routine amount of potassium applied (II) for III-3 process, the output of tobacco leaf is without the difference of significance, and the potassium content in tobacco leaf of III-3 process and potassium accumulation are all significantly higher than II process, namely III-3 process is while guarantee yield of tobacco, can significantly improve the potassium content of tobacco leaf, and the amount of potassium applied of this process is only about 3/4 of local conventional amount of potassium applied.Illustrate, potassium content and the potassium accumulation that can significantly improve tobacco leaf for 6:2:2 with the Dressing ratios of potash fertilizer example, improve the availability of the middle potash fertilizer that is manured into soil, thus reduce the input amount of potash fertilizer, reaches the effect of low input high production.
Under Different Potassium Fertilizer method of application, the potassium content difference of each position tobacco leaf is in Table 3(2013)
analyzed from table 3, when K Amounts one timing, the potassium content of different parts tobacco leaf all imposes the increase of ratio in first increasing the variation tendency reduced afterwards with potash fertilizer.Change the impact of Potassium Fertilizer mode on flue-cured tobacco inferior leads less, III-3 and II difference of potassium content without significance processing time tobacco leaf.And in, the potassium content of upper tobacco leaf is all significantly higher than II process under III-3 process, and the potassium content of upper leaf all reaches more than 3% under III-3, III-4 and III-5 process.Illustrate, potassium accumulation peak period impose potash fertilizer mainly improve in, the potassium content of upper tobacco leaf.
Claims (1)
1. a Yun yan85 puies forward the method for potassium fertilising, the method comprises and applies potash fertilizer to cloud and mist, it is characterized in that: apply a certain amount of base manure containing potassium when planting tobacco, enter prosperous long-term before and when in flue-cured tobacco more than 50% budding after pinch time potash fertilizer carried out to flue-cured tobacco topdress, sowing amount wherein containing the base manure of potassium is that potash fertilizer entirety applies 60% of quality, enter prosperous long-term before refer to 40-60 days before, the quality that applies imposing potash fertilizer is 20%, more than 50% budding after when referring to tobacco growth 65-85 days when pinching, the quality that applies imposing potash fertilizer is 20%, the method specifically comprises the steps:
(1) vega ridging after ploughing digs nest, makes nest spacing be 120 × 50cm;
(2) when transplanting using the potash fertilizer of 60% as base manure circulating application around cigarette seedling, and apply a certain amount of nitrogenous fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer routinely, then water after the earth mulch fertilizer that takes a morsel;
(3) flue-cured tobacco enter prosperous long-term before, carrying out first time chases after potash fertilizer, and potash fertilizer is spreaded manuer in holes around root, and consumption is 20% of potash fertilizer quality required in whole Yun yan85 production process;
(4) when more than 50% flue-cured tobacco budding after pinch, after pinching, second time is carried out to flue-cured tobacco and impose potash fertilizer, potash fertilizer is spreaded manuer in holes around root, consumption is 20% of required potash fertilizer quality in whole Yun yan85 production process, after this intermittence erases leaf bud to ensure the growth of tobacco leaf, gathers afterwards by the tobacco leaf normal mature time;
The potash fertilizer amount that described flue-cured tobacco needs in overall process is 160-180kg/ hectare, and described potash fertilizer is Agricultural Potassium, selects one or both the mixture in potassium sulfate, potassium nitrate.
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| CN104429264B (en) * | 2014-11-13 | 2016-07-27 | 沈阳远大科技园有限公司 | By detecting the method that the nutriture of crop leaf instructs fertilising |
| CN105359692A (en) * | 2015-10-20 | 2016-03-02 | 贵州省烟草科学研究院 | Method for water-soluble root fertilizer application to flue-cured tobaccos |
| CN105850997B (en) * | 2016-03-30 | 2018-04-20 | 贵州省烟草公司铜仁市公司 | Potassium nitrate starches tobacco germination inhibitor and its application process |
| CN107046898A (en) * | 2016-12-12 | 2017-08-18 | 中国烟草总公司广东省公司 | A kind of fertilizing method for lifting cigarette strain nitrogen utilization efficiency |
| CN106665082A (en) * | 2016-12-30 | 2017-05-17 | 中国烟草总公司广东省公司 | Cultivation method of 81-26 tobacco variety |
| CN106613267A (en) * | 2016-12-30 | 2017-05-10 | 中国烟草总公司广东省公司 | Cultivation method for Dayemihe tobacco variety |
| CN115885650A (en) * | 2022-11-09 | 2023-04-04 | 红塔烟草(集团)有限责任公司 | Fertilizing method for improving potassium content of middle-upper tobacco leaves of Yuxi flue-cured tobacco |
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| EP2693868B1 (en) * | 2011-04-05 | 2017-05-17 | Tessenderlo Kerley, Inc. | Potassium sulfite/potassium bisulfite (ks/kbs) liquid as fertilizers |
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| CN102391037A (en) * | 2011-08-15 | 2012-03-28 | 河海大学 | Organic-inorganic compound fertilizer special for cured tobacco and application method thereof |
| CN102379183A (en) * | 2011-10-26 | 2012-03-21 | 四川农业大学 | Fertilization technology of hongda cured tobacco |
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