CN105453787A - Fertilization method of organic fertilizer in farmland and application thereof - Google Patents
Fertilization method of organic fertilizer in farmland and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN105453787A CN105453787A CN201510771958.5A CN201510771958A CN105453787A CN 105453787 A CN105453787 A CN 105453787A CN 201510771958 A CN201510771958 A CN 201510771958A CN 105453787 A CN105453787 A CN 105453787A
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a fertilization method of an organic fertilizer in farmland and application thereof. The application rate of the organic fertilizer is determined as below: organic fertilizer according to the selected target element fertilizer, basal nutrient necessary amount of the element * organic manure for fertilizer the replacement rate) / (organic fertilizer nutrient content of the element * organic fertilizer fertilizer efficiency of fertilizer). Organic fertilizer method of the present invention disclosed effectively improve the utilization of fertilizers by fertilizer and organic manure to improve the reasonable ratio of nutrients in fertilizer use.
Description
Technical field
The invention discloses a kind of method and the embody rule of the method in cotton field of science application of organic fertilizers in farmland, belong to fertilizer and field of agricultural sciences.
Background technology
In order to improve the growth of crops, in modern agriculture, chemical fertilizer obtains and generally applies.Research for many years all shows, the ecological environment problems such as the chronic administration of chemical fertilizer has manifested that utilization rate of fertilizer is low, fertilizer efficiency declines, soil compaction acidifying and pollution of area source.For this problem, main solution uses fertilizer instead.But the nutritive element content in fertilizer is far below chemical fertilizer, therefore simple is irrational by fertilizer replacing fertilizer.That is, all there is certain drawback for agricultural production in Single fertilizer or single organic fertilizer.In the case, how the consumption of the relative chemical fertilizer of Reasonable adjustment fertilizer is to make the two science collocation for the output ensureing crops, improves the quality of crops, ensures that the sustainable development of agricultural becomes vital problem.
At present, this area does not provide systematized solution to the problems referred to above, passing research all fails to take into full account that plant that the unit nutritive element of fertilizer is not equivalent to chemical fertilizer and provides can utilize the problem of form, cause the too high practical efficiency that have estimated fertilizer, the technique effect of expecting cannot be realized.
Therefore, still there is accurate evaluation fertilizer utilization rate of fertilizer under Organicchemical fertilizers condition in this area, thus science, effectively improve the needs of fertilizer efficiency.
Summary of the invention
For the deficiencies in the prior art, applicant has carried out great many of experiments for many years in farmland, analyse fertilizer scientifically, chemical fertilizer joined the pattern of executing, and therefrom obtain how to amount to into chemical fertilizer amount computational methods according to organic manure application rate, accurately calculate fertilizer, chemical fertilizer joins the nutritive element availability executed, thus invent a kind of method of the application of organic fertilizers of science more in farmland.
Specifically, the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of method at using in farmland fertilizer, determine the amount of application of fertilizer by the following method: according to the object element of selected fertilizer to chemical fertilizer, (in necessary base manure, the amount of nutrients * fertilizer of this element is to the substitution rate of chemical fertilizer)/(in fertilizer, the nutrient content * fertilizer of this element is to the fertilizer efficiency rate of chemical fertilizer).
In the above-mentioned methods, object element refers to that by fertilising be the nutritive element that the crop in farmland is supplemented, and typically refers to nitrogen element, P elements etc. have material impact nutritive element to crop growth.
In the above-mentioned methods, in necessary base manure, the amount of nutrients of this element refers in farmland, to expect total consumption of the target nutritive element applied.
In the above-mentioned methods, the substitution rate of fertilizer to chemical fertilizer refer to expect in farmland the target nutritive element applied total consumption in hope fertilizer ratio shared by target nutritive element is provided.
In the above-mentioned methods, in fertilizer, the nutrient content of this element refers in fertilizer used, the content of target nutritive element.
In the above-mentioned methods, the fertilizer efficiency rate of fertilizer to chemical fertilizer refers to the evaluation of target nutritive element, and in crop growth period, what discharge in fertilizer can the ratio of this total nutrient content in replacing fertilizer amount of nutrients and fertilizer.The fertilizer efficiency rate of common fertilizer can be inquired about from " soil diagnosis and fertilising benchmark " book.
As shown in table 1 below, show the fertilizer efficiency rate of necessary nutritive element in common fertilizer:
The fertilizer efficiency rate of table 1 variety classes fertilizer
Obtain on the basis of organic manure application rate above-mentioned, can obtain the chemical fertilizer amount of fertilizer corresponding substitute further, namely fertilizer substitutes (abatement) chemical fertilizer amount, is organic manure application rate * fertilizer nutrient content * fertilizer efficiency rate.
Applicant has carried out research extensively and profoundly to the application of the present invention in various farmland for many years, has especially carried out great many of experiments to its application in cotton field, finds to use 3000-6000kg/hm
2fertilizer, substitute the fertilizer amount of 20-40%, can significantly improve knot bell also significantly increases output of cotton with Single boll weight, and its yield increasing effect increases with organic fertilizer application proportional quantities.In optimized situation, decrement 40% chemical fertilizer is joined and is executed 6000kghm
-2biological organic fertilizer is optimum to improving yield contribution performance.
In above-mentioned application, fertilizer used can be the ight soil of various poultry, domestic animal etc., considers the convenience of use, be generally fertilizer used is pig manure and/or cow dung.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is expressed as the schematic diagram (for N) that fertilizer nutrient and chemical fertilizer nutrient discharge at crop this season, wherein 1 representation crop N element demand (A).2 represent that organic and inorganic fertilizers are joined when executing, fertilizer nitrogen consumption (B).3 represent that the chemical fertilizer N that fertilizer can substitute at this season measures, and also can be expressed as fertilizer can the inorganic nitrogen quantity of mineralising (C) at crop this season.Total leaded wastewater of 4 expression fertilizers, comprises Organic N and inorganic N (D).
Fig. 2 represent different fertilization on cotton bud stage, the bell phase and the term of opening bolls Aboveground Biomass of Young impact;
Fig. 3 is the impact of different fertilization on cotton absorbing nitrogen amount;
Fig. 4 is the impact of different fertilization on cotton bud stage P acquisition amount;
Fig. 5 is the impact of different fertilization on Cotton Soil total nitrogen content.
Fig. 6 is the impact of different fertilization on Cotton Soil microbial biomass nitrogen content.
Embodiment
In order to concrete operation method of the present invention and effect are described, applicant has carried out detailed explanation and explanation in following enforcement.The following scheme provided is only signal, does not form the present invention and is particularly limited to.Those skilled in the art are understanding and are grasping on the basis of technical solution of the present invention, and the mode of operation that corresponding adjustment is concrete or apply in other kind farmland etc. all belongs to protection scope of the present invention.
In the present invention, for Fig. 1, relate to following technological concept:
(1) organic substitution rate (%)=C/A × 100
(2) fertilizer fertilizer efficiency rate (%)=C/D × 100.
(3) nutritive element availability=(U-U
0)/(F
0+ F), the absorption target nutritive element total amount of overground part when wherein U is fertilising ensuing crop results, U
0for the target Nutrient Absorption total amount of the crop maturity phase overground part that do not apply fertilizer, F represents chemical fertilizer input amount, F
0for the chemical fertilizer amount that fertilizer substitutes.
On the basis of the above, organic manure application rate can be calculated based on method of the present invention.For pig manure, nitrogen content is wherein 1.8%, if according to nitrogenous fertilizer 180kghm
-2ratio carry out basal dressing, calculating its nitrogenous fertilizer fertilizer of 30% and replace, is 30% according to the fertilizer efficiency rate of the known Swine manure of table 1, and therefore organic manure application rate is=(180 × 30%)/(1.8% × 30%)=10000kghm
-2.
In acquisition organic manure application rate situation, fertilizer can be calculated and substitute (abatement) chemical fertilizer amount (kghm
-2)=organic manure application rate (kghm
-2) × fertilizer nutrient content (%) × fertilizer efficiency rate (%).
Below for the concrete research in cotton field, the practical application of the inventive method is described.The test of 5 years by a definite date located fertilizations, arranges respectively and does not apply fertilizer, Single fertilizer and reduce local common fertilizer amount of application 20-40%, joins and executes different proportion and different types of fertilizer.
Concrete process is as follows:
(1) CK (not applying fertilizer);
(2) CF (Single fertilizer, 300kgNhm
-2; 90kgP
2o
5hm
-2; 60kgK
2ohm
-2);
(3) 80%CF+OF
1(Reducing amount of chemical fertilizer applied 20% is joined and is executed the common fertilizer of 3000kg/ha);
(4) 60%CF+OF
2(Reducing amount of chemical fertilizer applied 40% is joined and is executed the common fertilizer of 6000kg/ha);
(5) 80%CF+BF
1(Reducing amount of chemical fertilizer applied 20% is joined and is executed 3000kg/ha biological organic fertilizer);
(6) 60%CF+BF
2(Reducing amount of chemical fertilizer applied 40% is joined and is executed 6000kg/ha biological organic fertilizer);
(7) 80%CF+OF
3+ BF
3(Reducing amount of chemical fertilizer applied 20% is joined and is executed 2250kg/ha and 750kg/ha biological organic fertilizer);
(8) 60%CF+OF
4+ BF
4(Reducing amount of chemical fertilizer applied 20% is joined and is executed 4500kg/ha and 1500kg/ha biological organic fertilizer).
Calculate the chemical fertilizer amount that each process institute organic fertilizer can substitute, so draw everywhere should season effective fertilizing amount.In test, common fertilizer used is decomposed cow dung, nitrogen content 1.7%, fertilizer efficiency rate 30%, phosphorus content (P
2o
5) 1.3%, fertilizer efficiency rate 80%; Biological organic fertilizer raw material pig manure, nitrogen content 4.4%, fertilizer efficiency rate 40%, phosphorus content (P
2o
5) 1.0%, fertilizer efficiency rate 80%.
3000kg/hm
2nitrogen, phosphorus amount that common fertilizer and biological organic fertilizer substitute:
Amount of nitrogenous fertilizer=3000 × 0.017 × 0.3=15.3kg that the common fertilizer of 3000kg (OF) is cut down; Phosphate fertilizer amount=3000 × 0.007 × the 0.8=16.8kg/hm of abatement
2;
Amount of nitrogenous fertilizer=3000 × 0.044 × 0.4=52.8 that 3000kg biological organic fertilizer (BF) is cut down; Phosphate fertilizer amount=3000 × 0.01 × the 0.8=24kg/hm of abatement
2;
Therefore, 80%CF+OF is processed
1nitrogen total amount of effectively executing be 300 × 0.8kg+15.3=255.3kg; Effectively executing phosphorus total amount is 72+16.8=88.8kg/hm
2;
Process 80%CF+BF
1nitrogen total amount of executing be 300 × 0.8kgkg+52.8=292.8kg/hm
2; Executing phosphorus total amount is 72+24=96kg/hm
2;
6000kg/hm
2nitrogen, phosphorus amount that common fertilizer or biological organic fertilizer substitute:
6000kgOF substitutes the amount of nitrogenous fertilizer=6000 × 0.017 × 0.3=30.6kg/hm of (abatement)
2; Phosphate fertilizer amount=6000 × 0.007 × the 0.8=33.6kg/hm of abatement
2;
6000kgBF substitutes the amount of nitrogenous fertilizer=6000 × 0.044 × 0.4=105.6kg of (abatement); Phosphate fertilizer amount=6000 × 0.01 × 0.8=48kg/hm that (substituting) cuts down
2;
Therefore, 60%CF+OF is processed
2nitrogen total amount of executing be: 300 × 0.6kg+30.6kg=210.6kg; Executing phosphorus total amount is: 54+33.6kg=87.6kg/hm
2;
Process 60%CF+BF
2nitrogen total amount of executing be: 300 × 0.6kg+105.6=285.6kg; Effectively executing phosphorus total amount is: 54+48=102kg;
Chemical fertilizer+common fertilizer+biological organic fertilizer is joined and is executed (CF+OF
3+ BF
3) substitute nitrogen, phosphorus amount:
The amount of nitrogenous fertilizer that 750kgBF+2250OF substitutes: 750 × 0.044 × 0.4+2250 × 0.017 × 0.3=24.675kg/hm
2; Phosphate fertilizer amount=750 × 0.01 × 0.8+2250 × 0.007 × the 0.8=18.6kg/hm of abatement
2;
750kgBF+2250kgOF process execute nitrogen total amount: 300 × 0.8kg+24.675=264.675kg/hm
2; Execute phosphorus total amount: 90 × 0.8kg+18.6=90.6kg/hm
2;
The amount of nitrogenous fertilizer that 1500kgBF+4500kgOF substitutes:
1500 × 0.044 × 0.4+4500 × 0.017 × 0.3=49.35kg/hm
2; Nitrogen phosphorus fertilizer amount (1500 × 0.01 × 0.8)+(4500 × 0.007 × 0.8)=37.2kg/hm substituted
2
1500kgBF+4500kgOF process execute nitrogen total amount: 300 × 0.6kg+49.35=229.35kg/hm
2; Execute phosphorus total amount: 90 × 0.6kg+37.2kg=91.2kgkg/hm
2
According to the known each process cotton plant acrial part amount of nitrogen sucking of Fig. 3, wherein cotton plant amount of nitrogen sucking is respectively CK148.8, CF234.6 on the ground,
80％CF+OF
1246kg/ha，60％CF+OF
2255.4g/ha，80％CF+BF
1275.94kg/ha，60％CF+BF
2309kg/ha，80％CF+BF
3+OF
3260.3kg/ha，60％CF+BF
4+OF
4271.6kg/hm
2。
The utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer of Mixed Application of Organic And Inorganic Fertilizers to Stage of Cotton Under-Mulch-Drip Irrigation can be calculated on the basis of the above:
80%CF+OF
1utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer=(246-148.8)/255.3 × 100%=38.1%
60%CF+OF
2utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer=(255.4-148.8)/210.6=47.4%
80%CF+BF
1utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer=(275.94-148.8)/292.8=41.1%
That is, Reducing amount of chemical fertilizer applied 20%, joins and executes 3000kg/hm
2the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer of biological organic fertilizer be 41.1%.
60%CF+BF
2utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer=(309-148.8)/285.6=53.7%, that is Reducing amount of chemical fertilizer applied 40%, joins and executes 6000kg/hm
2the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer of biological organic fertilizer be 53.7%
80%CF+BF
3+ OF
3utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer=(309-148.8)/264.675=39.6%, that is Reducing amount of chemical fertilizer applied 20%, joins and executes 750kg/hm
2biological organic fertilizer and the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer of 2250 common fertilizers be 39.6%.
60%CF+BF
4+ OF
4utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer=(the 271.6-148.8)/229.35=50.6% of process, that is Reducing amount of chemical fertilizer applied 40%, joins and executes 1500kg/hm
2biological organic fertilizer and the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer of 4500 common fertilizers be 50.6%.
The availabilitys such as phosphate fertilizer calculate same principle as above, and with reference to figure 4, each process on the ground cotton plant P uptake by plants is respectively CK34.1, CF52.3,80%CF+OF
155.5kg/ha, 60%CF+OF
258.7kg/ha, 80%CF+BF
156.5kg/ha, 60%CF+BF
266.1kg/ha, 80%CF+BF
3+ OF
358.6kg/ha, 60%CF+BF
4+ OF
461.5kg/hm
2,
80%CF+OF
1phosphate fertilizer utilization efficiency=(55.5-34.1)/88.8 × 100%=24.1%, that is Reducing amount of chemical fertilizer applied 20%, joins and executes 3000kg/hm
2the phosphate fertilizer utilization efficiency of common fertilizer be 24.1%.
60%CF+OF
2phosphate fertilizer utilization efficiency=(58.7-34.1)/87.6 × 100%=28.1%, that is Reducing amount of chemical fertilizer applied 40%, joins and executes 6000kg/hm
2the phosphate fertilizer utilization efficiency of common fertilizer be 29.1%.
Phosphate fertilizer utilization efficiency=(56.5-34.1)/96 × 100%=23.3% of 80%CF+BF1, that is, Reducing amount of chemical fertilizer applied 20%, joins and executes 3000kg/hm
2the phosphate fertilizer utilization efficiency of biological organic fertilizer be 29.1%.
Phosphate fertilizer utilization efficiency=(66.1-34.1)/102 × 100%=31.3% of 60%CF+BF2 process, that is Reducing amount of chemical fertilizer applied 40%, joins and executes 6000kg/hm
2the fertile availability of P of biological organic fertilizer be 31.3%.
80%CF+BF
3+ OF
3process phosphate fertilizer utilization efficiency=(58.6-34.1/90.6=27%, that is Reducing amount of chemical fertilizer applied 20%, joins and executes 750kg/hm
2biological organic fertilizer and the fertile availability of P of 2250 common fertilizers be 27%.
60%CF+BF
4+ OF
4phosphate fertilizer utilization efficiency=(58.6-34.1)/91.2=26.9%, that is Reducing amount of chemical fertilizer applied 40%, joins and executes 1500kg/hm
2biological organic fertilizer and the fertile availability of P of 4500 common fertilizers be 26.9%.
By such scheme, carried out the located fertilization test of 5 years by a definite date, experimental field is positioned at Shihezi Univ's agriculture examination hall, belongs to filling with plough grey desert soil for examination soil, 0-20cm soil basis content of organic matter 13.5gkg before fertilizer treatment
-1; Full nitrogen 0.95gkg
-1; Full phosphorus 0.30gkg
-1; Alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen 88.6gkg
-1; Rapid available phosphorus 23.4gkg
-1; Available potassium 136.0gkg
-1; PH value 8.1.
Test arranges 8 process: (1) CK, (2) CF, (3) 80%CF+OF
1, (4) 60%CF+OF
2, (5) 80%CF+BF
1, (6) 60%CF+BF
2, (7) 80%CF+OF
3+ BF
3, (8) 60%CF+OF
4+ BF
4.Plot area 4.5m × 20m=90m
2, sown scope inner width, narrow row are apart from being (30+60+30) cm, and 1 film 4 row, spacing in the rows is 10cm.Each process repetition 3 times, random district group arranges, and amounts to 24 communities, establishes 1m to protect row between community.
Take plant sample in Li24Ge community throughout respectively the cotton bud stages of 2013 (July 7), Shengjing Town (August 12) and the term of opening bolls (September 11), concrete operations are as follows: choose fixed sample district 4m in each community at every turn
2, in sampling area, choose 3 strains that growing way is consistent.Sample is taken back in laboratory, and a point organ is weighed, and measures plant nitrogen phosphorus.Calculate nutrients uptake amounts and fertilizer utilization efficiency.
Cotton flowering and boll-setting period (August 12), the term of opening bolls (September 11) at the soil specimen of each experimental plot collection for analysis, sampling depth is 0-20cm topsoil soils, 15 sampling points are selected in every community, be mixed into a sample, reject gravel and plant undesirable root, it is to be measured that a part is placed in-4 DEG C of Refrigerator stores, and all the other air-dry 1mm of mistake sieve.The bell phase, soil was for measuring Soil microbial biomass nitrogen, and the term of opening bolls, soil was for measuring total soil nitrogen.
Cotton biomass estimation: respectively at taking representative 3 strains in each community in cotton bud stage, bell phase and the term of opening bolls, get its acrial part, a point organ claims fresh weight, and then complete 30min in 105 DEG C of baking ovens, dry to constant weight under 75 DEG C of conditions, after cooling, measure amount of dry matter; Total nitrogen adopts Kjeldahl nitrogen determination; The full phosphorus of plant adopts the yellow colorimetric method for determining of vanadium molybdenum.Last cotton produces with the paid note in full community.
Total nitrogen measures: adopt Kjeldahl nitrogen determination.
Plant content of tatal phosphorus measures: adopt the yellow colorimetric method for determining of vanadium molybdenum.
Output of cotton: in the paid product in full community.
Total soil nitrogen adopts Kjeldahl's method.
Microbial Biomass Nitrogen adopts the stifling-K of chloroform
2sO
4extraction method.
Sampled by land for growing field crops, measure cotton plant Aboveground Biomass of Young, cotton plant N, P nutrient content, calculate N, P element availability, best fertilizer substitution rate under seeking condition of drip irrigation by contrast output, biological effect and plant recovery of nutrient etc., carries out guidance fertilising to peasant household.
As shown in Table 2, compared with not fertilizer treatment (CK), each fertilizer treatment output of cotton is significantly increased (P<0.05), and amplification is 40.5% ~ 66.5%, wherein with 60%CF+BF
2process output is the highest; Dripping to execute with 100%NPK processes compared with (CF), and Reducing amount of chemical fertilizer applied 20-40% joins and executes 3000-6000kghm
-2each process output of cotton amplification of fertilizer is 6.9% ~ 18.5%.Single basal munure of each fertilizer treatment, Single boll weight, ginning outturn add 19.0% ~ 48.4%, 3.1% ~ 10.6%, 2.4% ~ 10.1% than CK respectively, each fertilizer treatment on seed refer to affect difference not remarkable.Compared with CF, Reducing amount of chemical fertilizer applied 20 ~ 40% is joined and is executed 3000 ~ 6000kghm
-2each process of fertilizer significantly increases the single basal munure (P<0.05) of cotton, but fertilizer is joined, and to execute difference between process not remarkable; The impact of Different Fertilization on Single boll weight and ginning outturn all shows as: 60%CF+ (OF/BF) > 80%CF+ (OF/BF)>=CF ≈ CK.Show thus at Cotton Field under Drip Irrigation, use 3000-6000kghm
-2fertilizer, substitute 20-40% chemical fertilizer and can improve knot bell and Single boll weight and also significantly increase output of cotton, and its yield increasing effect increases with organic fertilizer application proportional quantities, 40% chemical fertilizer is joined and is executed 6000kghm
-2biological organic fertilizer is optimum to improving yield contribution performance.
Table 2 different fertilization is on the impact of output of cotton and factor of influence thereof
Utilization rate of fertilizer refers to the organic efficiency of this season crop to the middle fertilizer that is manured into soil.As can be seen from Table 3, organic and inorganic fertilizer join execute each process comparatively Single fertilizer (CF) to be significantly increased utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer (P<0.05), amplification 36.5% ~ 93.9%, wherein the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer of 60%CF+BF2 is up to 53.7%.Different fertilizer is joined the phosphate fertilizer utilization efficiency executed and is improved 25.2% ~ 119% than CF, and decrement chemical fertilizer is joined and executed BF and comparatively join and execute OF process raising 17.5% ~ 51.1%, and wherein the phosphate fertilizer utilization efficiency of T6 is the highest, is 40.8%.In all fertilizer treatment, phosphate fertilizer utilization efficiency difference obvious (P<0.05) compared with CF of 60%CF+BF2 with 60%CF+OF4+BF4, between all the other fertilizer treatment, difference is not remarkable.Show thus, use 3000-6000kghm
-2fertilizer, substitute 20%-40% chemical fertilizer can significantly improve Stage of Cotton Under-Mulch-Drip Irrigation utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer utilization efficiency also all has raising in various degree, fertilizer a large amount join execute more be conducive to promote nitrogen, phosphorus plant recovery of nutrient.
Table 3 different fertilization is on the impact of nitrogen, phosphorous use efficiency
A, B and C in Fig. 2 represent respectively cotton bud stage, the bell phase and the term of opening bolls above-ground plant parts amount of dry matter.As seen from the figure, flower bud phase, bell phase are consistent with the response general trend of amount of dry matter in the term of opening bolls to each fertilizer treatment, namely each fertilizer treatment do not apply fertilizer (CK) compare the amount of dry matter (P<0.05) that all can significantly improve cotton field upper part, compared with 100%NPK (CF), Reducing amount of chemical fertilizer applied 20%-40% joins and executes 3000-6000kghm
-2each process of fertilizer all can improve the biomass of cotton, especially all reaches significant difference (P<0.05) at cotton flowering and boll-setting period and the term of opening bolls.Compared with CK, each fertilizer treatment cotton biomass is respectively 7.7% ~ 40.0%, 28.3% ~ 73.3% and 28.8% ~ 77.7% in the amplification in flower bud phase, bell phase and the term of opening bolls; Compared with CF, Reducing amount of chemical fertilizer applied 20-40% joins and executes 3000-6000kghm
-2each fertilizer process cotton biomass improves 4.3% ~ 30.0%, 16.8% ~ 35.1% and 18.5% ~ 38.8% respectively in flower bud phase, bell phase and the term of opening bolls.Cotton biomass to organic and inorganic fertilizer join execute process general performance be: 60%CF+ (OF/BF) > 80%CF+ (OF/BF), shows that Reducing amount of chemical fertilizer applied 20%-40% joins thus and executes 3000kg-6000kghm
-2fertilizer compares long-term Single fertilizer significantly can promote cotton growth, and under identical fertilizer joins the level of executing, the effect of biological organic fertilizer is greater than common fertilizer.
A in Fig. 3 represents cotton bud stage plant nitrogen absorptive amount.As seen from the figure, at cotton bud stage, organic and inorganic fertilizer is joined and is executed each process and significantly improve cotton plant amount of nitrogen sucking (P<0.05) than CK, and its amplification is 37.9% ~ 86.0%; Compared with CF, Mixed Application of Organic And Inorganic Fertilizers respectively processes (except 80%CF+OF
1) significantly can promote that cotton plant is to the absorption (P<0.05) of nitrogen.Under bell phase (B of Fig. 3) each fertilizer treatment, the absorbing nitrogen amount of cotton plant is 162.3kg ~ 217.3kghm
-2, be all significantly higher than CK (72.8kghm
-2), increasing degree is 123.1% ~ 198.7%, wherein 60%CF+BF
2and 60%CF+OF
4+ BF
4amount of nitrogen sucking significant difference compared with CF of process, between other fertilizer treatment, difference is not remarkable.
Each process in the cotton plant amount of nitrogen sucking order in the term of opening bolls is: 60%CF+BF
2> 80%CF+BF
1> 60%CF+OF
4+ BF
4> 80%CF+OF
3+ BF
3≈ 80%CF+BF
1≈ 80%CF+OF
1≈ CF > CK (Fig. 3, C), Reducing amount of chemical fertilizer applied 20-40% join and execute 3000-6000kghm
-2each process cotton plant amount of nitrogen sucking of fertilizer comparatively CK and CF increases by 57.6% ~ 106.7% and 4.9% ~ 31.7% respectively.Show that continuous 3 years when reducing chemical fertilizer consumption 20-40%, joins and execute 3000-6000kghm thus
-2fertilizer obviously can promote that cotton plant is to the absorption of nitrogen.
Fig. 4 represents the P uptake by plants of different disposal cotton plants in flower bud phase, bell phase and the term of opening bolls, as seen from the figure, each fertilizer treatment compares the P uptake by plants that all can significantly improve cotton plant compared with CK, its increasing degree is 21.0% ~ 79.6% (flower bud phase), 77.0% ~ 185.2% (bell phase) and 53.4% ~ 93.8% (term of opening bolls), compared with CF, Reducing amount of chemical fertilizer applied 20-40% joins and executes 3000-6000kghm
-2the cotton plant P uptake by plants amplification that fertilizer respectively processes is respectively 11.2% ~ 48.5%, 10.2% ~ 56.5% and 6.1% ~ 26.4%.In each fertilizer treatment, 60%CF+BF
2process at the cotton plant P uptake by plants of each breeding time all higher than other fertilizer treatment, organic-inorganic is joined performance trend between process of executing and is: 60%CF+ (OF/BF) >80%CF+ (OF/BF); CF+BF>CF+OF, illustrates and reduces chemical fertilizer consumption 20-40%, join and execute 3000-6000kghm
-2fertilizer can improve the absorption of cotton plant to P element, significantly improves the P element nutrition of cotton.
Total soil nitrogen embodies the key index of soil fertility level.Fig. 5 represents the impact of different fertilization on cotton field bell phase total nitrogen content of soil.As seen from the figure, different organic and inorganic fertilizer is joined to execute and is processed comparatively CK and CF and all can significantly improve total nitrogen content of soil (P < 0.05), and its amplification is respectively 24.7% ~ 37.1% and 13.3% ~ 24.5%.Carburetting apply fertilizer each process total soil nitrogen performance trend be: CF+BF>=CF+OF+BF>=CF+OF; And execute a large amount fertilizer (6000kghm to join
-2) increase Be very effective; When fertilizer equivalent not of the same race is used, biological organic fertilizer effect is better than common fertilizer, show that continuous 3 years applying organic manures or biological organic fertilizer can significantly improve total nitrogen content of soil, join and execute biological organic fertilizer effect and be better than common fertilizer, under similar fertilizer joins the condition of executing, a large amount is joined to execute and is better than low amounts.
Soil microbial biomass nitrogen is the important warehouse of soil nitrogen, in transformation of soil nitrogen process, play important regulative.As shown in Figure 6, as compared to CK with CF process, organic and inorganic fertilizer is joined Shi Junneng and is significantly improved Soil microbial biomass nitrogen (P < 0.05), increase by 53.8% ~ 98.5% and 32.2% ~ 70.5% than CK and CF respectively, each process Microbial Biomass Nitrogen performance trend is 60%CF+BF/OF >=80%CF+BF/OF.Show that continuous 3 years applying organic manures or biological organic fertilizer can significantly improve microbial biomass nitrogen content, join and execute biological organic fertilizer effect and be better than common fertilizer, under similar fertilizer joins the condition of executing, a large amount is joined to execute and is better than low amounts.
Claims (4)
1. the method at using in farmland fertilizer, it is characterized in that the amount of application determining fertilizer by the following method: according to the object element of selected fertilizer to chemical fertilizer, (in necessary base manure, the amount of nutrients * fertilizer of this element is to the substitution rate of chemical fertilizer)/(in fertilizer, the nutrient content * fertilizer of this element is to the fertilizer efficiency rate of chemical fertilizer).
2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that the chemical fertilizer amount that fertilizer substitutes is organic manure application rate * fertilizer nutrient content * fertilizer efficiency rate.
3. the application of the method for claim 1 in cotton field, uses 3000-6000kg/hm
2fertilizer, substitute the fertilizer amount of 20-40%.
4. application according to claim 3, is characterized in that fertilizer used is pig manure and/or cow dung.
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| CN106612845A (en) * | 2016-12-04 | 2017-05-10 | 西北农林科技大学 | Method for applying organic fertilizer to farmland and application thereof |
| CN106612845B (en) * | 2016-12-04 | 2020-03-24 | 西北农林科技大学 | Method for applying organic fertilizer to farmland and application thereof |
| CN106612849A (en) * | 2016-12-22 | 2017-05-10 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所 | Method for application of organic fertilizer substituting chemical fertilizer in quantitative manner |
| CN109328596A (en) * | 2018-12-21 | 2019-02-15 | 安徽省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 | A kind of production technology method of greenhouse watermelon organic fertilizer replacing fertilizer |
| CN111652755A (en) * | 2020-06-16 | 2020-09-11 | 北京嘉博文生物科技有限公司 | Treatment method for agricultural non-point source pollution in water and soil co-treatment area |
| CN111652755B (en) * | 2020-06-16 | 2022-03-01 | 北京嘉博文生物科技有限公司 | Method for preventing and treating agricultural non-point source pollution in water and soil co-treatment area |
| CN112151126A (en) * | 2020-09-29 | 2020-12-29 | 湖北省农业科学院植保土肥研究所 | Calculation method for quantitatively replacing chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer |
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