CN106612849A - Method for application of organic fertilizer substituting chemical fertilizer in quantitative manner - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of fertilizer application, and specifically relates to an application method for quantitatively replacing chemical fertilizers with organic fertilizers. The specific steps are as follows: S1. According to the crop growth environment, the optimal nutrient content of a certain field is estimated based on the local average yield of the crop in the past several years Achievable yield under management measures; S2, respectively calculate the agronomic efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer and the total nitrogen amount required to achieve the achievable yield; S3, calculate the recommended organic fertilizer according to the principle of replacing nitrogen nutrient quantitatively with organic fertilizer nitrogen nutrient Application rate and nitrogen fertilizer application rate after organic substitution; S4. Fertilize the field with the calculated recommended application rate of organic fertilizer. The method of the present invention has the advantages of light simplification, quantification, and rationalization. It only needs to evaluate the crop growth environment and soil fertility status, and quickly and accurately predict nitrogen fertilizer by using key parameters such as yield, nitrogen fertilizer response index, and organic fertilizer substitution index. And the total amount of organic fertilizer application, effectively improving crop yield and nitrogen use efficiency.

Description

A method of quantitatively replacing chemical fertilizers with organic fertilizers

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of fertilizer application, and in particular relates to an application method for quantitatively replacing chemical fertilizers with organic fertilizers.

Background technique

Chemical fertilizers are an important guarantee for food security, contributing 40%-50% to the increase in food production. Since the 1980s, the total amount of chemical fertilizers used in my country has increased from 16 million tons (converted to pure) to 59.9 million tons in 2014, an increase of 270%. Even in the past 10 years, my country's chemical fertilizer use is still at 2.7% per year speed is growing. At present, the amount of chemical fertilizer per unit area of cultivated land in my country is 329 kg/ha, which is 2.6 times that of the United States and 2.5 times that of the European Union. However, the utilization rate of fertilizer nutrients in my country is low. The seasonal utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer is only 30%-35%, and that of phosphorus fertilizer is only 10%-20%. The discharge of a large amount of nutrients into the environment has become an important cause of eutrophication of surface water, excessive nitrate of groundwater and agricultural products, and acidification of soil, causing serious harm to the ecological environment. Therefore, my country's agricultural production urgently needs to change from an over-reliance on chemical fertilizer input to a green and environmentally friendly fertilization model that increases production and increases efficiency.

At present, the partial replacement of chemical fertilizers by organic fertilizers is an important way to reduce the amount of agricultural chemical fertilizers used. However, due to the lack of simplified, quantitative, and rationalized organic fertilizer application technologies, farmers use organic fertilizers blindly and are not targeted. Abundant organic fertilizer nutrient resources have not been fully utilized, and the return rate of livestock and poultry organic fertilizer is less than 50%, which is a serious waste of organic fertilizer nutrient resources.

Chinese invention patent CN 201510771958.5 discloses a method of applying organic fertilizer on farmland. Although this method can determine the application amount of organic fertilizer, the prerequisite for applying this method is to obtain the total application amount of the target nutrient elements, and the The appropriate ratio of chemical fertilizer nutrients to quantitatively replace organic fertilizer nutrients. The above two parameters are the key to the rational application of organic fertilizers. In the actual agricultural production process, how to quickly obtain the above two parameters is the basis for light, simplified, quantitative and rational application of organic fertilizers.

At present, accurate acquisition of the total application amount of target nutrients often requires cumbersome soil testing and complex calculation processes, such as soil testing and formula fertilization technology, which requires a lot of manpower, material and financial resources to measure soil nutrients. The production of wheat, corn and rice in my country is mainly operated by small farmers, with a high multiple cropping index and tight stubble crops. According to the soil test to guide farmers to rationally apply organic fertilizer, there are problems such as untimely test and recommendation and high cost. Small farmers are the main business model. It's hard to do that.

The optimal ratio of chemical fertilizer nutrients quantitatively replacing organic fertilizer nutrients under different planting patterns is a key parameter for rational application of organic fertilizers. At present, short-term experiments are generally used to obtain this parameter. However, studies have shown that the residual nutrients of organic fertilizers can increase the yield of food crops for at least 3 years. Therefore, the quantitative replacement of organic fertilizer nutrient ratio by chemical fertilizer nutrient obtained from medium and long-term positioning test data is an important guarantee for maintaining high and stable crop yield. In addition, if the replacement ratio is out of balance, it is very easy to cause crop yield reduction, soil heavy metal pollution, and a large amount of harmful substances such as antibiotics to accumulate in the soil.

At present, this field has not provided a systematic solution to the above problems. Previous studies have not fully considered how to quickly estimate the total application of target nutrients, and have not proposed long-term stable fertilizer nutrient quantification according to crop types and planting areas. The appropriate proportion of nutrients replaced by organic fertilizers has led to the widespread existence of unreasonable organic fertilizers. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a simplified, quantitative, and rationalized method of applying organic fertilizers.

Contents of the invention

The invention provides an application method for quantitatively replacing chemical fertilizers with organic fertilizers suitable for planting wheat, corn and rice. This method has the advantages of light simplification, quantification, and rationalization. It only needs to evaluate the crop growth environment and soil fertility status, and use key parameters such as available yield, nitrogen fertilizer response index, and organic fertilizer substitution index to quickly and accurately estimate nitrogen fertilizer and organic fertilizer. The total amount of organic fertilizer application can effectively increase crop yield and nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency, reduce environmental pollution, and improve soil fertility level. It is an efficient, easy, and widely applicable environmental protection organic fertilizer application technology.

The invention provides a method for applying organic fertilizers to quantitatively replace chemical fertilizers, the specific steps are as follows:

S1. According to the crop growth environment, use the local average yield of the crop in the past few years to estimate the yield available under the best nutrient management measures for a certain field;

S2. According to formula (1) and formula (2), respectively calculate the agronomic efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer and the total nitrogen consumption required to achieve the yield:

Nitrogen Fertilizer Agronomic Efficiency = A×(Achievable Yield×INS) ² +B×(Achievable Yield×INS)+C (1)

Among them, INS refers to the nitrogen fertilizer response index, and its value is determined according to the soil fertility status; the unit of nitrogen fertilizer agronomic efficiency is kg/kg, A is the quadratic coefficient, B is the first coefficient, C is the constant term, A, B, C The value of is determined by fitting the binomial curve of the previous test data of the crop;

Total Nitrogen Application = (Achievable Yield × INS) ÷ Agronomic Efficiency of Nitrogen Fertilizer × 1000 (2)

Among them, the unit of total nitrogen consumption is kg N/ha;

S3, according to the principle of organic fertilizer nitrogen nutrient quantitatively replacing chemical fertilizer nitrogen nutrient, calculate the recommended application amount of organic fertilizer and the amount of nitrogen fertilizer after organic replacement respectively with formula (3) and formula (4):

Recommended application amount of organic fertilizer = (total nitrogen fertilizer amount × organic fertilizer substitution index) ÷ organic fertilizer nitrogen content ÷ 1000 (3)

Among them, the unit of recommended application rate of organic fertilizer is t/ha, and the organic fertilizer substitution index is calculated based on the multi-year positioning data of crops;

Nitrogen fertilizer amount after organic substitution = total nitrogen fertilizer amount × (1-organic fertilizer substitution index) (4)

Among them, the unit of nitrogen fertilizer amount after organic substitution is kg/ha;

S4. Fertilize the field with the calculated recommended application rate of organic fertilizer.

The crop growth environment described in S1 is any one or more of climate conditions and soil conditions.

The method of estimating the obtainable yield in S1 is: divide the risk level of the growth environment, set the expected yield under the reasonable best nutrient management measures for each grade gradient, and assess the risk of the crop growth environment according to the local conditions. The expected yield of the corresponding level is It is the yield that can be obtained; the expected yield ≥ the local average yield of the crop in the past several years.

When the crop is wheat, the available yield is estimated based on the frequency of natural disasters such as drought, low temperature, and frost in the local climatic conditions after assessing the risk of the growth environment. The standard is (summarized based on the experimental results of the past 5 years):

A high-risk growth environment where natural disasters frequently occur (the total number of times every two years ≥ 3 times) is a high-risk growth environment, and the obtainable yield is equal to the local average wheat yield in the past several years;

A medium-risk growing environment where natural disasters sometimes occur locally (total number of times per two years = 2 times), and the obtainable yield is an increase of 0.5t/ha on the basis of the local average wheat yield in the past several years;

A low-risk growing environment where natural disasters rarely occur (the total number of times every two years ≤ 1) is a low-risk growth environment, and the obtainable yield is an increase of 1.0t/ha on the basis of the local average wheat yield in the past several years.

When the crop is corn, the available yield is estimated after assessing the risk of the growth environment based on the frequency of natural disasters such as waterlogging and drought under local climate conditions and the soil conditions of the field. The standard is (summarized based on the experimental results in the past 5 years) ):

Natural disasters frequently occur in the local area (the total number of times ≥ 3 times every two years) or the field is obstructed soil, which is a high-risk growth environment, and the obtainable yield is an increase of 0.5t/ha on the basis of the local average corn yield in the past several years;

Sometimes natural disasters occur locally (total number of times every two years = 2 times) or the soil layer of the field is shallow, which is a medium-risk growth environment, and the obtainable yield is an increase of 1.0t/ha on the basis of the local average corn yield in the past several years ;

Natural disasters rarely occur in the local area (total frequency ≤ 1 time every two years), and it is a low-risk growth environment. The obtainable yield is an increase of 1.5t/ha on the basis of the local average corn yield in the past several years.

When the crop is rice, the obtainable yield is estimated after assessing the risk of the growth environment based on soil conditions, and the standard is (summarized based on the experimental results of the past 5 years):

The field soil has obstacle factors, which is a high-risk growth environment, and the obtainable yield is equal to the local average rice yield in the past several years;

The barrier-free factor of the field soil is a low-risk growth environment, and the obtainable yield is an increase of 0.5t/ha on the basis of the local average rice yield in the past several years.

The soil obstacle factor refers to that the soil is any one of saline soil, peat soil and acid sulfate soil.

The number of years mentioned in S1 is 5-10 years, preferably 5 years.

The nitrogen fertilizer response index described in S2 is determined according to Table 1:

Table 1 Crop nitrogen response index under different soil fertility conditions

When the crop is wheat, A is -0.2406, B is 3.985, and C is 4.9974. Wheat can be applied to Henan wheat-corn rotation system and Hubei rice-wheat rotation system.

When the crop is summer corn, A is -0.0559, B is 2.7026, and C is 5.8266. Summer maize can be applied to Henan wheat-corn rotation system.

When the crop is spring corn, A is -0.1118, B is 3.5435, and C is 6.7919. Spring maize can be applied to Heilongjiang spring maize monocropping system.

When the crop is middle rice, A is -0.5002, B is 7.5038, and C is 0.5747. Mid-season rice can be applied to Hubei rice-wheat rotation system.

When the crop is early rice or late rice, A is -0.5003, B is 8.0034, and C is 0.6522. Early rice or late rice can be applied to Jiangxi double-cropping rice continuous cropping system.

The organic fertilizer substitution index of different crops is shown in Table 2:

Table 2 Organic fertilizer substitution index for different crops

wheat corn rice Organic Fertilizer Substitution Index 0.3 0.3 0.2

The nitrogen content of the organic fertilizer described in S3 is determined as follows:

When the organic fertilizer used is a commercial fertilizer, the nitrogen content of the commercial fertilizer is the nitrogen content of the organic fertilizer;

When the organic fertilizer used is livestock and poultry manure, it shall be determined based on the actual test value, or estimated based on the average nitrogen content of livestock and poultry manure in my country.

The average nitrogen content of livestock and poultry manure in my country can be seen in Table 3:

Table 3 Average mass percentage content of nitrogen in livestock and poultry manure

chicken manure pig manure Cow manure stable manure Sheep pen manure air dry samples 2.137% 3.773% 1.299% 1.070% 1.262% fresh sample 1.032% 0.238% 0.500% 0.454% 0.782%

The fertilization described in S4 is applied in the form of base fertilizer.

Said application in the form of basal fertilizer is to apply to the field before soil preparation, using a rotary tiller to mix the organic fertilizer evenly in the 0-20cm soil layer.

Method advantage of the present invention is as follows:

1. Compared with the prior art, the method of the present invention can apply organic fertilizer quantitatively without soil testing, and only needs to evaluate the crop growth environment and soil fertility status, which has the advantages of light simplification, quantification, rationalization, etc., and can It has strong operability and reduces the blindness of farmers applying organic fertilizer.

2. The method of the present invention rationally applies the organic fertilizer on the basis of optimizing the amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied to wheat, corn and rice. That is to say, the excessive application of chemical fertilizers is reduced, and the soil structure is improved through the rational application of organic fertilizers, the diversity of soil microorganisms is increased, and the virtuous cycle of soil nutrients is promoted. Therefore, the risks of agricultural non-point source pollution and water eutrophication are effectively reduced.

3. The scope of application of the method of the present invention relates to my country's three major food crops (wheat, corn, rice) planting areas, including the double-cropping rice continuous cropping system in East China, the rice-wheat rotation system in Central China, the wheat-corn rotation system in North China, and the spring corn single cropping system in Northeast China. The system has a wide range of applications. The best organic fertilizer substitution index of different crops was obtained through 5-year positioning experiment.

4. Compared with conventional fertilization, the method of the present invention significantly improves crop thousand-grain weight, seed-setting rate, nitrogen recycling rate and harvest index, such as rice thousand-grain weight and seed-setting rate improve respectively by 13.14% and 3.7%, rice nitrogen recycling rate and The harvest index increased by 41.24% and 8.3% respectively. The method of the invention improves the output of wheat, corn and rice, reduces the cost of agricultural production, increases farmers' income, and realizes the scientific utilization of organic fertilizers.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the analysis chart of wheat nitrogen fertilizer response index in preliminary experiment 1.

Fig. 2 is an analysis chart of nitrogen fertilizer response index of maize in preliminary experiment 1.

Fig. 3 is an analysis chart of rice nitrogen fertilizer response index in preliminary experiment 1.

Fig. 4 is a binomial curve relationship graph between the agronomic efficiency of wheat nitrogen fertilizer and the available yield and INS in the pilot experiment 2.

Fig. 5 is a binomial curve relationship graph between the agronomic efficiency of summer maize nitrogen fertilizer and the available yield and INS in the pre-experiment 2.

Fig. 6 is a binomial curve relationship diagram between the agronomic efficiency of spring maize nitrogen fertilizer and the available yield and INS in the pre-experiment 2.

Fig. 7 is a binomial curve relationship graph between the agronomic efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer and the available yield and INS of the northern one-crop rice and the southern mid-season rice in the pre-experiment 2.

Fig. 8 is a binomial curve relationship graph between the agronomic efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer and available yield and INS of southern early and late rice in pre-experiment 2.

Fig. 9 is a flow chart of the application method of quantitatively replacing chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer according to the present invention.

detailed description

Below in conjunction with the examples, the specific implementation of the present invention will be further described in detail. The following examples are used to illustrate the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

Calculation of Nitrogen Fertilizer Response Index in Pre-Experiment 1

Nitrogen response index INS,

INS = 1 - crop yield without fertilization ÷ crop yield with fertilization

Using 6102 data points (obtained through 5 years of experiments) to analyze the yield of wheat, corn and rice under the condition of no nitrogen fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer application, the number of samples of each crop is more than 2000, calculated by the above formula High-yielding fields (the top 25% data points in the INS ranking), medium-yielding fields (the middle 50% data points in the INS ranking), low-yielding fields (the bottom 25% data points in the INS ranking) nitrogen fertilizer response index, wheat nitrogen fertilizer response See Figure 1 for the index analysis chart, Figure 2 for the nitrogen fertilizer response index analysis chart for corn, and Figure 3 for the nitrogen fertilizer response index analysis chart for rice, and see Table 1 for the nitrogen fertilizer response indices of wheat, corn and rice obtained from the final statistics.

Table 1 Crop nitrogen response index under different soil fertility conditions

Calculation of Nitrogen Fertilizer Agronomic Efficiency in Pre-experiment 2

Based on the 6102 data points in the pre-experiment 1, by merging interval data points, and further fitting the binomial curve relationship between the agronomic efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer and the available yield and INS, it was found that wheat, summer maize, spring maize, northern There was a good one-variable quadratic relationship between the agronomic efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer and the available yield and INS of the first-crop rice and southern middle rice, southern early rice and late rice, and the coefficient of determination R ² was above 0.99. The quadratic equation of one yuan is:

Nitrogen Fertilizer Agronomic Efficiency = A×(Achievable Yield×INS) ² +B×(Achievable Yield×INS)+C (1)

Among them, A is the coefficient of the quadratic term, B is the coefficient of the first term, and C is the constant term.

When the crop is wheat, the formula for calculating the agronomic efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer is:

Nitrogen Fertilizer Agronomic Efficiency = -0.2406×(Achievable Yield×INS) ² +3.985×(Achievable Yield×INS)+4.9974 (5)

See Figure 4 specifically, A is -0.2406, B is 3.985, C is 4.9974, and R ² =0.999.

Wheat can be applied to Henan wheat-corn rotation system and Hubei rice-wheat rotation system.

When the crop is summer corn, the formula for calculating the agronomic efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer is:

Nitrogen fertilizer agronomic efficiency = -0.0559×(available yield×INS) ² +2.7026×(available yield×INS)+5.8266 (6)

See Fig. 5 specifically, A is -0.0559, B is 2.7026, C is 5.8266, and R ² =0.9977. Summer maize can be applied to Henan wheat-corn rotation system.

When the crop is spring corn, the formula for calculating the agronomic efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer is:

Nitrogen fertilizer agronomic efficiency = -0.1118×(available yield×INS) ² +3.5435×(available yield×INS)+6.7919 (7)

See Fig. 6 specifically, A is -0.1118, B is 3.5435, C is 6.7919, and R ² =0.9985. Spring maize can be applied to Heilongjiang spring maize monocropping system.

When the crop is mid-season rice, the formula for calculating the agronomic efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer is:

Nitrogen Fertilizer Agronomic Efficiency = -0.5002×(Achievable Yield×INS) ² +7.5038×(Achievable Yield×INS)+0.5747 (8)

See Fig. 7 specifically, A is -0.5002, B is 7.5038, C is 0.5747, and R ² =0.9999. Mid-season rice can be applied to Hubei rice-wheat rotation system.

When the crop is early rice or late rice, the formula for calculating the agronomic efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer is:

Nitrogen fertilizer agronomic efficiency = -0.5003×(available yield×INS) ² +8.0034×(available yield×INS)+0.6522 (9)

See Figure 8 for details, A is -0.5003, B is 8.0034, C is 0.6522, and R ² =0.9999. Early rice or late rice can be applied to Jiangxi double-cropping rice continuous cropping system.

Example 1 Double-cropping rice experiment in Gao'an City, Jiangxi Province

This embodiment is carried out according to the flow chart in Figure 9, and was carried out in Dubu Village, Gao'an City, Jiangxi Province from 2013 to 2015, and the planting system is double-cropping rice continuous cropping. Before planting crops, the yield and natural climate conditions of the test site in previous years were investigated, and it was found that the average yield of late rice in the past 5 years was 8t/ha, and the average yield of early rice was 7t/ha. Farmland soil accessibility factor, the available yield of rice is an increase of 0.5t/ha on the basis of the average yield level of farmers in the past 5 years. Therefore, the available output of late rice = 8t/ha + 0.5t/ha = 8.5t/ha; the available output of early rice = 7t/ha + 0.5t/ha = 7.5t/ha.

The local soil type is clay, and the organic matter content is low. Its average yield in the past five years is lower than that of 25% of the rice planting areas in the country, and its soil fertility status is classified as low. According to Table 1, the nitrogen fertilizer response index (INS) of rice is obtained is 0.37. The agronomic efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer can be calculated based on the method of the present invention, and the agronomic efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer in early and late rice (kg/kg)=-0.5003×(available yield×0.37) ² +8.0034×(available yield×0.37)+0.6522. Therefore, the agronomic efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer in late rice is 20.87kg/kg, and that of early rice is 19.01kg/kg.

The total nitrogen application amount can be calculated based on the method of the present invention, and the total nitrogen application amount (kg N/ha)=(obtainable yield×0.37)÷nitrogen fertilizer agronomic efficiency×1000. Therefore, the total nitrogen application rate of late rice is 150.69 kg N/ha, and that of early rice is 145.98 kg N/ha.

The organic fertilizer in Dubu Village, Gaoan City, Jiangxi Province is mainly decomposed pig manure, and the measured nitrogen content of the decomposed pig manure sample is 1.86%. According to Table 2, the substitution index of rice can be obtained as 0.2. Recommended application amount of organic fertilizer (t/ha) = (total nitrogen amount × organic fertilizer substitution index) ÷ organic fertilizer nitrogen content ÷ 1000, nitrogen fertilizer amount after organic substitution = total nitrogen fertilizer amount × (1-organic fertilizer substitution index) . Therefore, the recommended application rate of organic fertilizer for late rice is 1.62t/ha; the recommended application rate of organic fertilizer for early rice is 1.57t/ha, and the amount of nitrogen fertilizer after organic substitution for late rice is 120.55kg N/ha; / ha.

Simultaneously, the present embodiment is provided with two control treatments for comparing with the method of the present invention, and the specific treatments are as follows:

CK (no nitrogen fertilizer, no organic fertilizer)

FP (high nitrogen fertilizer treatment, the amount of nitrogen fertilizer for late rice is 195kg N/ha; the amount of nitrogen fertilizer for early rice is 156kg N/ha, no organic fertilizer is applied)

Analysis of the total yield and nitrogen use efficiency of early and late rice in each treatment:

It can be seen from Table 4 that compared with the treatment without nitrogen fertilizer application, the total yield of early and late rice increases by 82% under the method of the present invention. Compared with high-nitrogen fertilizer treatment, under the condition of reducing the amount of nitrogen fertilizer by 41%, applying the method of the invention can make the total yield of early and late rice equal to that of high-nitrogen fertilizer treatment without significant difference.

Compared with the high-nitrogen fertilizer treatment, the method of the invention has no significant difference in the total nitrogen accumulation in the aboveground part of rice, but the application of the method of the invention makes the agronomic utilization rate and apparent utilization rate of rice nitrogen fertilizer significantly higher than the high-nitrogen fertilizer treatment. Compared with the high-nitrogen fertilizer treatment, the application of the method of the invention increases the agronomic utilization rate and the apparent utilization rate of the rice nitrogen fertilizer by 2.85kg/kg and 8.11 percentage points respectively.

The above results show that the method of the present invention can maintain the high yield of rice under the precondition of significantly reducing the amount of nitrogen fertilizer, and can obviously improve the agronomic utilization rate and apparent utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer in rice.

Table 4 Interannual total yield and nitrogen use efficiency of early and late rice under different fertilization treatments

Note: If the letters in the same column are the same, there is no significant difference (P<0.05)

Embodiment 2 Technology of the present invention is applied in Henan, Hubei, Heilongjiang, Jiangxi 5 years

This example was carried out according to the flow chart in Figure 9, and was carried out in Yuanyang Base, Yuanyang County, Henan Province, Wusan Farm, Jingmen City, Hubei Province, Minzhu Township, Daowai District, Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province, and Gaoan Base, Gaoan City, Jiangxi Province from 2013 to 2015. conduct. Among them, the planting system of Yuanyang Base in Henan Province is wheat-corn rotation, the planting system of Wusan Farm in Hubei Province is rice-wheat rotation, the planting system of Minzhu Township in Heilongjiang Province is single cropping of spring corn, and the planting system of Gaoan Base in Jiangxi Province is double cropping rice continuous cropping .

Similar to Example 1, before planting crops, investigate the yield of each experimental site in previous years, estimate the available yield according to the average yield level of farmers in the past 5 years and the local natural climate conditions, and estimate the nitrogen fertilizer response index of crops according to different soil fertility conditions , the agronomic efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer was calculated according to the available yield and crop nitrogen fertilizer response index, and the total nitrogen fertilizer application amount was calculated according to the above parameters (see Table 5).

In order to illustrate the rationality of the method of the present invention, the organic fertilizer substitution index of different crops is respectively set to 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, that is, a total of 5 treatments for each crop (see Table 5).

It can be seen from Table 5 that when the organic fertilizer substitution index is 0.3 (that is, organic fertilizer nitrogen replaces 30% of chemical fertilizer nitrogen), wheat 4-6 Season average yield does not have significant decline, shows that the suitable substitution rate of wheat organic fertilizer nitrogen substitution chemical fertilizer nitrogen is 30%, proves that the wheat organic fertilizer substitution index that the present invention relates to is the rationality (seeing table 2) of 0.3;

It can be seen from Table 5 that, compared with the treatment with an organic fertilizer substitution index of 0 (that is, all chemical fertilizers were applied), the average yield of rice in the 4th to 6th seasons of Jiangxi double-cropping rice and Hubei mid-season rice did not decrease significantly when the organic fertilizer substitution index was 0.2, indicating that rice organic The suitable replacement rate of fertilizer nitrogen to replace chemical fertilizer nitrogen is 20%, which proves that the rice organic fertilizer replacement index involved in the present invention is reasonable (see Table 2).

It can be seen from Table 5 that compared with the treatment with an organic fertilizer substitution index of 0 (i.e., all application of chemical fertilizers), the average yield of corn 4-6 seasons did not decrease significantly when the organic fertilizer substitution index was 0.3 in Henan summer maize and Heilongjiang spring maize, indicating that the organic fertilizer The suitable replacement rate of fertilizer nitrogen to replace chemical fertilizer nitrogen is 30%, which proves that the substitution index of corn organic fertilizer involved in the present invention is 0.3 (see Table 2).

Table 5 The impact of livestock and poultry manure quantitatively replacing chemical fertilizers on crop yield (kg/ha, 4-6 season average)

Note: If the same letter between numbers in the same row means no significant difference (P<0.05)

Although the present invention has been described in detail with general descriptions and specific embodiments above, it is obvious to those skilled in the art that some modifications or improvements can be made on the basis of the present invention. Therefore, the modifications or improvements made on the basis of not departing from the spirit of the present invention all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. an application method that organic fertilizer quantitatively replaces chemical fertilizer, is characterized in that, concrete steps are as follows: S1. According to the crop growth environment, use the local average yield of the crop in the past few years to estimate the yield available under the best nutrient management measures for a certain field; S2. According to formula (1) and formula (2), respectively calculate the agronomic efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer and the total nitrogen consumption required to achieve the yield: Nitrogen Fertilizer Agronomic Efficiency = A×(Achievable Yield×INS) ² +B×(Achievable Yield×INS)+C (1) Among them, INS refers to the nitrogen fertilizer response index, and its value is determined according to the soil fertility status; the unit of nitrogen fertilizer agronomic efficiency is kg/kg, A is the quadratic coefficient, B is the first coefficient, C is the constant term, A, B, C The value of is determined by fitting the binomial curve of the previous test data of the crop; Total Nitrogen Application = (Achievable Yield × INS) ÷ Agronomic Efficiency of Nitrogen Fertilizer × 1000 (2) Among them, the unit of total nitrogen consumption is kg N/ha; S3, according to the principle of organic fertilizer nitrogen nutrient quantitatively replacing chemical fertilizer nitrogen nutrient, calculate the recommended application amount of organic fertilizer and the amount of nitrogen fertilizer after organic replacement respectively with formula (3) and formula (4): Recommended application amount of organic fertilizer = (total nitrogen fertilizer amount × organic fertilizer substitution index) ÷ organic fertilizer nitrogen content ÷ 1000 (3) Among them, the unit of recommended application rate of organic fertilizer is t/ha, and the organic fertilizer substitution index is calculated based on the multi-year positioning data of crops; Nitrogen fertilizer amount after organic substitution = total nitrogen fertilizer amount × (1-organic fertilizer substitution index) (4) Among them, the unit of nitrogen fertilizer amount after organic substitution is kg/ha; S4. Fertilize the field with the calculated recommended application rate of organic fertilizer. 2. The application method of quantitatively replacing chemical fertilizers with organic fertilizers as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, the method of estimating the yield available in S1 is: divide the risk levels of the growth environment, and set reasonable optimal nutrient management measures for each grade gradient Under the expected yield, the risk of the crop growth environment is assessed according to the local conditions, and the expected yield of the corresponding grade is the obtainable yield; the expected yield ≥ the local average yield of the crop in the past several years. 3. the application method of organic fertilizer quantitative replacement chemical fertilizer described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, nitrogen fertilizer response index described in S2 is determined according to table 1: Table 1 Crop nitrogen response index under different soil fertility conditions 4. the application method of the described organic fertilizer quantitative replacement chemical fertilizer of claim 1-3 any one, it is characterized in that, when crop is wheat, A is-0.2406, and B is 3.985, and C is 4.9974, calculates the formula of nitrogenous fertilizer agronomic efficiency for: Agronomic efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer=-0.2406×(available yield×INS) ² +3.985×(available yield×INS)+4.9974 (5). 5. the application method of the described organic fertilizer quantitative replacement chemical fertilizer of claim 1-3 any one, it is characterized in that, when crop is summer corn, A is-0.0559, and B is 2.7026, and C is 5.8266, calculates the agronomic efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer The formula is: Nitrogen fertilizer agronomic efficiency=-0.0559×(available yield×INS) ² +2.7026×(available yield×INS)+5.8266 (6). 6. the application method of the described organic fertilizer quantitative replacement chemical fertilizer of claim 1-3 any one, it is characterized in that, when crop is spring corn, A is-0.1118, and B is 3.5435, and C is 6.7919, calculates the agronomic efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer The formula is: Agronomic efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer=-0.1118×(available yield×INS) ² +3.5435×(available yield×INS)+6.7919 (7). 7. the application method of the described organic fertilizer quantitative replacement chemical fertilizer of any one of claim 1-3, it is characterized in that, when crop is middle rice, A is-0.5002, and B is 7.5038, and C is 0.5747, calculates the formula of nitrogen fertilizer agronomic efficiency for: Nitrogen fertilizer agronomic efficiency=-0.5002×(available yield×INS) ² +7.5038×(available yield×INS)+0.5747 (8). 8. the application method of any one of claim 1-3 described organic fertilizer quantitative replacement chemical fertilizer, it is characterized in that, when crop is early rice or late rice, A is-0.5003, and B is 8.0034, and C is 0.6522, calculates the agronomic efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer The formula is: Agronomic efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer=-0.5003×(available yield×INS) ² +8.0034×(available yield×INS)+0.6522 (9). 9. The application method of the quantitative replacement of chemical fertilizer by organic fertilizer according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, the organic fertilizer substitution index of different crops is shown in Table 2: Table 2 Substitution index of organic fertilizer for different crops