CN106612849A - Method for application of organic fertilizer substituting chemical fertilizer in quantitative manner - Google Patents
Method for application of organic fertilizer substituting chemical fertilizer in quantitative manner Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of fertilizer application, and particularly relates to a method for application of organic fertilizer substituting chemical fertilizer in a quantitative manner. The method comprises the following steps of: S1, according to the crop growth environment, estimating the obtainable yield of a certain field under the best nutrient management measures according to the average yield of the crop in the past several years; S2, respectively calculating the agronomic efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer and the total quantity of nitrogen required to achieve the obtainable yield; S3, according to principle that the nitrogen nutrient of the organic fertilizer substitutes the nitrogen nutrient of the chemical fertilizer in a quantitative manner, respectively calculating the recommended application quantity of the organic fertilizer and the quantity of the nitrogen fertilizer substituted by the organic fertilizer; and S4, performing fertilizer application according to the recommended quantity of the organic fertilizer to the field, wherein the recommended quantity of the organic fertilizer is obtained through calculation. The method disclosed by the invention has the advantages of simplification, quantification, rationalization and the like. By only evaluating the crop growth environment and the soil fertility status, and using the key parameters such as the obtainable yield, nitrogen fertilizer reaction indexes and organic fertilizer substitution indexes, the total application quantity of the nitrogen fertilizer and the organic fertilizer can be quickly and accurately estimated, and the crop yield and the nitrogen use efficiency are effectively increased.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Term Fertilization technical field field, and in particular to a kind of administration side of quantifying organic manure replacing fertilizer
Method.
Background technology
Chemical fertilizer is the important leverage of grain security, and the contribution to increases in grain production accounts for 40%-50%.Last century the eighties with
Come, China's fertilizer application total amount rises to 59,900,000 tons in 2014 from 16,000,000 tons (pure), increases 270%, even
Nearly 10 years, the fertilizer application amount of China was still being increased with annual 2.7% speed.At present, China's unit area arable land chemical fertilizer
Consumption is 329 kilograms/hectare, is 2.6 times of the U.S., 2.5 times of European Union.However, China's fertilizer nutrient utilization is low, nitrogenous fertilizer is worked as
Season, utilization rate was only 30%-35%, and phosphate fertilizer is only 10%-20%.Substantial amounts of nutrient is discharged in environment, it has also become earth's surface Shuifu County
Nutrient laden, underground water and agricultural product nitrate are exceeded, soil acidification major reason, and serious danger is caused to ecological environment
Evil.Therefore, China's agricultural production is needed badly from the green for depending on chemical fertilizer input unduly and being changed into environmental protection and increased production and improved productivity fertilising mould
Formula.
At present, fertilizer part replacing fertilizer is the important channel for reducing agrochemical amount of application, but due to lacking light letter
Change, quantification, the organic fertilizer application technology rationalized, the blindness of peasant's application of organic fertilizers is very big, and specific aim is not strong, causes me
The abundant fertilizer nutrients resource of state fails to make full use of, and livestock and poultry fertilizer also field rate is less than 50%, and fertilizer nutrients resource is unrestrained
Take serious.
Chinese invention patent CN 201510771958.5 discloses a kind of method in using in farmland fertilizer, although should
Method can determine it is organic fertilizer amount of application, but using the method precondition be obtain target nutrient administration it is total
Amount, and chemical fertilizer nutrient quantitatively substitutes the suitable proportion of organic fertilizer nutrient under different land use patterns.Above-mentioned two parameter is organic
The key of fertile Rational Application, in actual agricultural production process, how quickly to obtain above-mentioned two parameter is that fertilizer gently simplifies, determines
Quantify, rationalize the basis applied.
At present, the administration total amount for precisely obtaining target nutrient is generally required by loaded down with trivial details soil testing and complexity
Calculating process, such as Formula fertilization by soil testing, need substantial amounts of human and material resources and financial resources to be measured soil nutrient.I
, mainly based on smallholder's operation, multiple crop index is high, and crop-planting crops for rotation are tight, according to soil for state's wheat, corn, Rice Production
Test instruct peasant's Rational Application fertilizer exist test recommend not in time with the difficult problem such as cost height, smallholder for main body operation
Pattern is difficult to accomplish this point.
The optimal proportion that chemical fertilizer nutrient quantitatively substitutes organic fertilizer nutrient under different land use patterns is fertilizer Rational Application
Key parameter.Typically this parameter is obtained using short term tests at present, however, research shows that fertilizer residual nutrient is made to grain
The effect of increasing production of thing is at least more than 3 years.Therefore, the chemical fertilizer nutrient that medium-term and long-term location test data are obtained quantitatively substitutes fertilizer
Nutrients ratio is the important leverage for maintaining crop stable high yield.If additionally, the substitution ratio imbalance, easily causes crop cut
The harmful substances such as product, heavy metal pollution of soil and antibiotic are accumulated in a large number in soil.
At present, this area does not provide the problems referred to above systematized solution, and previous studies fail to take into full account
How the administration total amount of rapid Estimation target nutrient, fails to propose change steady in a long-term according to crop species and planting area
Fertilizer nutrient quantitatively substitutes the suitable proportion of organic fertilizer nutrient, causes fertilizer un-reasonable phenomenon generally existing.Therefore, one kind is needed badly
Light simplification, quantification, the organic fertilizer application method rationalized.
The content of the invention
The present invention provide it is a kind of suitable for wheat, corn, the quantifying organic manure replacing fertilizer of Rice Cropping application process.
The method has the advantages that light simplification, quantification, rationalization, it is only necessary to by assessing crop growth environment and soil fertility shape
Condition, utilization can obtain yield, nitrogenous fertilizer index of Response and fertilizer and substitute the key parameters such as index, quickly and accurately estimate nitrogenous fertilizer
With the administration total amount of fertilizer, crop yield and utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer are effectively improved, reduce environmental pollution, lift soil fertility water
It is flat, it is a kind of efficiently easy, widely applicable environmental protection property organic fertilizer application technology.
The present invention provides a kind of application process of quantifying organic manure replacing fertilizer, comprises the following steps that：
S1, foundation crop growth environment, it is optimal to estimate a certain field with local crop average product of several years in the past
Obtained yield under nutrient management measure；
S2, calculate nitrogenous fertilizer agronomy efficiency respectively according to formula (1), formula (2) and reach and can obtain total required for yield
Nitrogen Amount：
Nitrogenous fertilizer agronomy efficiency=A × (yield × INS can be obtained)2+ B × (yield × INS can be obtained)+C (1)
Wherein, INS refers to nitrogenous fertilizer index of Response, and its numerical value determines according to soil fertility；The list of nitrogenous fertilizer agronomy efficiency
Position is kg/kg, and A is secondary term coefficient, and B is Monomial coefficient, and C is constant term, and the numerical value of A, B, C was tried in the past by fitting crop
Test the determination of data binomial curve；
Total Nitrogen Amount=(yield × INS can be obtained) ÷ nitrogenous fertilizer agronomy efficiency × 1000 (2)
Wherein, the unit of total Nitrogen Amount is kg N/ha；
S3, according to the principle of the quantitative replacing fertilizer nitrogen nutrient of fertilizer nitrogen nutrient, with formula (3), formula (4) respectively
Calculate fertilizer and recommend amount of application and the nitrogen fertilizer amount after organic replacement：
Fertilizer recommends amount of application=(total nitrogen fertilizer amount × fertilizer substitutes index) ÷ fertilizer nitrogen contents ÷ 1000 (3)
Wherein, it is t/ha that fertilizer recommends the unit of amount of application, and fertilizer substitutes for many years positioning number of the index according to crop
Obtain according to calculating；
Nitrogen fertilizer amount after organic replacement=total nitrogen fertilizer amount × (1- fertilizers substitute index) (4)
Wherein, the unit of the nitrogen fertilizer amount after organic replacement is kg/ha；
S4, recommend amount of application with calculated fertilizer to field fertilising.
Crop growth environment described in S1 is any one or several in weather conditions, edaphic condition.
The estimation mode that yield can be obtained described in S1 is：The risk class of growing environment is divided, is set for each grade gradient
The expected volume under rational optimal nutrient management measure is put, crop growth environment risk is evaluated according to local circumstance, accordingly etc.
The expected volume of level can as obtain yield；The conventional several years crop average product in expected volume >=locality.
When crop be wheat when, it is described obtain yield be according to local climate condition drought, low temperature, frost etc. from
So estimated after the frequency evaluation growing environment risk of disaster, standard is (summarizing according to the experimental results of conventional 5 years)：
Local Jing often (every two years total degree >=3 time) occur natural calamity for excessive risk growing environment, yield can be obtained
Equal to local several years wheat average product in the past；
Local (every two years total degree=2 time) sometimes occur natural calamity for risk growing environment, yield can be obtained
It is to increase 0.5t/ha on the basis of local several years wheat average product in the past；
Local seldom (every two years total degree≤1 time) occur natural calamity for low-risk growing environment, yield can be obtained
It is to increase 1.0t/ha on the basis of local several years wheat average product in the past.
When crop is corn, the yield that obtains is that the natural calamity such as damage or crop failure caused by waterlogging, drought injury occurs according to local climate condition
Harmful frequency and field edaphic condition is evaluated and estimated after growing environment risk, and standard is (according to the experimental result of conventional 5 years
Summarize)：
Often natural calamity or field for dyskinetic soil in (every two years total degree >=3 time) to local Jing there is, be excessive risk
Growing environment, it is to increase 0.5t/ha on the basis of local several years corn average product in the past that can obtain yield；
Local (every two years total degree=2 time) sometimes natural calamity occurs or field soil thickness is shallower, are risk
Growing environment, it is to increase 1.0t/ha on the basis of local several years corn average product in the past that can obtain yield；
There is natural calamity in local seldom (every two years total degree≤1 time), be low-risk growing environment, and can obtain yield is
Increase 1.5t/ha on the basis of local several years corn average product in the past.
When crop is paddy rice, the yield that obtains is to be evaluated to be estimated after growing environment risk according to edaphic condition
Calculate, standard is (summarizing according to the experimental results of conventional 5 years)：
Field soil has obstruction factor, is excessive risk growing environment, can obtain yield and be equal to local several years paddy rice in the past
Average product；
The accessible factor of field soil, is low-risk growing environment, and it is in local several years paddy rice in the past that can obtain yield
Increase 0.5t/ha on the basis of average product.
The soil has obstruction factor to refer to soil for any one of salinized soil, peat soil, acid sulphate soil.
Several years described in S1 be 5-10, preferably 5 years.
Nitrogenous fertilizer index of Response described in S2 determines according to table 1：
Crop nitrogenous fertilizer index of Response under the different habitant situation of table 1
When crop be wheat when, A for -0.2406, B be 3.985, C be 4.9974.Wheat is applicable to Henan wheat-jade
Rice Rotation System and Hubei rice-wheat cropping system system.
When crop be summer corn when, A for -0.0559, B be 2.7026, C be 5.8266.It is little that summer corn is applicable to Henan
Wheat-Corn Rotation System system.
When crop be spring maize when, A for -0.1118, B be 3.5435, C be 6.7919.Spring maize is applicable to Heilungkiang
Spring maize nonoculture system.
When crop be semilate rice when, A for -0.5002, B be 7.5038, C be 0.5747.Semilate rice is applicable to Hubei paddy rice-little
Wheat Rotation System.
When crop is early rice or during late rice, A for -0.5003, B be 8.0034, C be 0.6522.Early rice or late rice are applicable
In Jiangxi double cropping of rice continuous cropping system.
The fertilizer of Different Crop substitutes index and is shown in Table 2：
The Different Crop fertilizer of table 2 substitutes index
| Wheat | Corn | Paddy rice | |
| Fertilizer substitutes index | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.2 |
Fertilizer nitrogen content determines as follows described in S3：
When fertilizer used is commercial fertilizer, commercial fertilizer nitrogen content is fertilizer nitrogen content；
When fertilizer used is livestock and poultry muck, with the determination of actual test value, or according to the average nitrogen of China's livestock and poultry muck
Content is estimated.
The average nitrogen content of China's livestock and poultry muck can be found in table 3：
Nitrogen average quality percentage composition in the livestock and poultry muck of table 3
| Chicken manure | Pig manure | Cattle pen excrement | Stable fertilizer | Sheepfold excrement | |
| Air-dry sample | 2.137% | 3.773% | 1.299% | 1.070% | 1.262% |
| Fresh based specimen | 1.032% | 0.238% | 0.500% | 0.454% | 0.782% |
Apply fertilizer described in S4, applied in the form of base manure.
It is described to be applied in the form of base manure, it is that field is applied before site preparation, it is using rotary cultivator that fertilizer is native in 0-20cm
Mix in layer.
Method of the present invention advantage is as follows：
1st, compared with prior art, the method for the present invention can under conditions of soil testing is not carried out dosed administration it is organic
Fertilizer, it is only necessary to assess crop growth environment and soil fertility, has the advantages that light simplification, quantification, rationalization, operable
Property it is strong, reduce the blindness of peasant's application of organic fertilizers.
2nd, the method for the present invention is on the basis of Optimization of Wheat, corn, nitrogen fertilizer for paddy rice amount of application, Rational Application fertilizer.
Reduce the excessive administration of chemical fertilizer, also by Rational Application fertilizer soil texture improved, improve diversity of soil microorganism,
Promote soil nutrient benign cycle.Therefore, the risk of widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area and body eutrophication is effectively reduced.
3rd, the method for the present invention scope of application is related to China's Three major grain crops (wheat, corn, paddy rice) growing area, including
East China double cropping of rice continuous cropping system, Central China rice-wheat cropping system system, North China Wheat Maize Rotation system, northeast spring maize nonoculture
System, it is applied widely.The optimal fertilizer for having obtained Different Crop by location test in 5 years substitutes index.
4th, compared with conventional fertilizer application, the method for the present invention significantly improves crop mass of 1000 kernel, setting percentage, Nitrogen recovery utilization rate
And harvest index, such as paddy rice mass of 1000 kernel and setting percentage be respectively increased 13.14% and 3.7%, Nitrogen in Rice recovery utilization rate and
Harvest index is respectively increased 41.24% and 8.3%.Wheat, corn and rice yield are improve using the method for the present invention, is reduced
Agriculture production cost, increased farmers' income, realize the scientific utilization of fertilizer.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the wheat nitrogenous fertilizer index of Response analysis chart in preliminary experiment 1.
Fig. 2 is the corn nitrogenous fertilizer index of Response analysis chart in preliminary experiment 1.
Fig. 3 is the nitrogen fertilizer for paddy rice index of Response analysis chart in preliminary experiment 1.
Fig. 4 is the wheat nitrogenous fertilizer agronomy efficiency in preliminary experiment 2 and can obtain the binomial curve relation between yield and INS
Figure.
Fig. 5 is the summer corn nitrogenous fertilizer agronomy efficiency in preliminary experiment 2 and can obtain the binomial curve pass between yield and INS
System's figure.
Fig. 6 is the spring maize nitrogenous fertilizer agronomy efficiency in preliminary experiment 2 and can obtain the binomial curve pass between yield and INS
System's figure.
Fig. 7 is rice and southern semilate rice nitrogenous fertilizer agronomy efficiency and can to obtain between yield and INS in one season of the north in preliminary experiment 2
Binomial curve graph of a relation.
Fig. 8 is southern early, the late rice nitrogenous fertilizer agronomy efficiency in preliminary experiment 2 and can obtain the binomial between yield and INS
Curve relation figure.
Fig. 9 is the flow chart of the application process of quantifying organic manure replacing fertilizer of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
With reference to embodiment, the specific embodiment of the present invention is described in further detail.Following examples are used for
The present invention is illustrated, but is not limited to the scope of the present invention.
The calculating of the nitrogenous fertilizer index of Response of preliminary experiment 1
Nitrogenous fertilizer index of Response INS,
INS=1- do not apply fertilizer crop yield ÷ fertilising crop yield
Using 6102 data points (obtaining by the tests of 5 years) wheat, corn and paddy rice are analyzed in not nitrogen fertilizer application bar
Yield under part and under the conditions of applied nitrogen, the sample number of every kind of crop is calculated more than 2000 by above-mentioned formula
High-yield field (forward 25%th data point of INS sequences), middle product field (the 50%th data point in the middle of INS sequences), low-yield land
(INS sequences rearward the 25%th data point) nitrogenous fertilizer index of Response, wheat nitrogenous fertilizer index of Response analysis chart is shown in Fig. 1, corn nitrogenous fertilizer
Index of Response analysis chart is shown in that Fig. 2, nitrogen fertilizer for paddy rice index of Response analysis chart are shown in Fig. 3, finally counts wheat, corn and the paddy rice for obtaining
The table 1 that nitrogenous fertilizer index of Response is shown in.
Crop nitrogenous fertilizer index of Response under the different habitant situation of table 1
The calculating of the nitrogenous fertilizer agronomy efficiency of preliminary experiment 2
In preliminary experiment 1 on the basis of 6102 data points, by combine interval data point, nitrogenous fertilizer agronomy is further fitted
Efficiency and the binomial curve relation between yield and INS can be obtained, find wheat, summer corn, spring maize, northern season rice and
The nitrogenous fertilizer agronomy efficiency of southern semilate rice, south early rice and late rice and can obtain and there is good One- place 2-th Order side between yield, INS
Journey relation, coefficient of determination R2It is more than 0.99.The quadratic equation with one unknown is：
Nitrogenous fertilizer agronomy efficiency=A × (yield × INS can be obtained)2+ B × (yield × INS can be obtained)+C (1)
Wherein A is secondary term coefficient, and B is Monomial coefficient, and C is constant term.
When crop is wheat, the formula for calculating nitrogenous fertilizer agronomy efficiency is：
Nitrogenous fertilizer agronomy efficiency=- 0.2406 × (yield × INS can be obtained)2+ 3.985 × (yield × INS can be obtained)+
4.9974 (5)
Be specifically shown in Fig. 4, A for -0.2406, B be 3.985, C be 4.9974, R2=0.999.
Wheat is applicable to Henan wheat-Corn Rotation System system and Hubei rice-wheat cropping system system.
When crop is summer corn, the formula for calculating nitrogenous fertilizer agronomy efficiency is：
Nitrogenous fertilizer agronomy efficiency=- 0.0559 × (yield × INS can be obtained)2+ 2.7026 × (yield × INS can be obtained)+
5.8266 (6)
Be specifically shown in Fig. 5, A for -0.0559, B be 2.7026, C be 5.8266, R2=0.9977.Summer corn is applicable to river
Southern Wheat Maize Rotation system.
When crop is spring maize, the formula for calculating nitrogenous fertilizer agronomy efficiency is：
Nitrogenous fertilizer agronomy efficiency=- 0.1118 × (yield × INS can be obtained)2+ 3.5435 × (yield × INS can be obtained)+
6.7919 (7)
Be specifically shown in Fig. 6, A for -0.1118, B be 3.5435, C be 6.7919, R2=0.9985.Spring maize is applicable to black
Longjiang spring maize nonoculture system.
When crop is semilate rice, the formula for calculating nitrogenous fertilizer agronomy efficiency is：
Nitrogenous fertilizer agronomy efficiency=- 0.5002 × (yield × INS can be obtained)2+ 7.5038 × (yield × INS can be obtained)+
0.5747 (8)
Be specifically shown in Fig. 7, A for -0.5002, B be 7.5038, C be 0.5747, R2=0.9999.Semilate rice is applicable to Hubei
Rice-wheat cropping system system.
When crop is early rice or late rice, the formula for calculating nitrogenous fertilizer agronomy efficiency is：
Nitrogenous fertilizer agronomy efficiency=- 0.5003 × (yield × INS can be obtained)2+ 8.0034 × (yield × INS can be obtained)+
0.6522 (9)
Be specifically shown in Fig. 8, A for -0.5003, B be 8.0034, C be 0.6522, R2=0.9999.Early rice or late rice are applicable
In Jiangxi double cropping of rice continuous cropping system.
The Jiangxi Province Gaoan City double cropping of rice test of embodiment 1
The present embodiment is carried out according to the flow process of Fig. 9, is carried out in Jiangxi Province Gaoan City Du Bu rural areas in -2015 years 2013,
Planting system is double cropping of rice continuous cropping.Output condition and natural climate condition before long-term cropping to testing website former years is adjusted
Look into, the late rice average product level for obtaining the past 5 years of peasant household is 8t/ha, early rice average product level is 7t/ha.Agricultural land soil
The accessible factor, the obtained yield of paddy rice is to increase 0.5t/ha on the average product horizontal base in past 5 years of peasant household.Therefore,
Late rice can obtain yield=8t/ha+0.5t/ha=8.5t/ha；Early rice can obtain yield=7t/ha+0.5t/ha=7.5t/
ha。
Local soil types is clay, and the content of organic matter is low, and the average product in its past 5 years is less than the water in the whole nation 25%
Seed rice growing area yield, its soil fertility is classified as low, and nitrogen fertilizer for paddy rice index of Response (INS) is obtained for 0.37 according to table 1.
Nitrogenous fertilizer agronomy efficiency, early late rice nitrogenous fertilizer agronomy efficiency (kg/kg)=- 0.5003 × (can be calculated based on the method for the present invention
Acquisition yield × 0.37)2+ 8.0034 × (yield × 0.37 can be obtained)+0.6522.Therefore, late rice nitrogenous fertilizer agronomy efficiency is
20.87kg/kg, early rice nitrogenous fertilizer agronomy efficiency is 19.01kg/kg.
Total Nitrogen Amount can be calculated based on the method for the present invention, total Nitrogen Amount (kg N/ha)=(can obtain yield ×
0.37) ÷ nitrogenous fertilizer agronomy efficiency × 1000.Therefore, the total Nitrogen Amount of late rice is 150.69kg N/ha, and the total Nitrogen Amount of early rice is
145.98kg N/ha。
Mainly based on the pig manure that becomes thoroughly decomposed, the pig manure sample that becomes thoroughly decomposed surveys nitrogen content to Jiangxi Province Gaoan City Du Bu rural areas fertilizer
For 1.86%.Can obtain paddy rice to substitute index according to table 2 is 0.2.Fertilizer recommends amount of application (t/ha)=(total Nitrogen Amount × have
Machine fertilizer substitutes index) ÷ fertilizer nitrogen contents ÷ 1000, the nitrogen fertilizer amount after organic replacement=total nitrogen fertilizer amount × (1- is organic
Fertilizer substitutes index).Therefore, it is 1.62t/ha that late rice fertilizer recommends amount of application；It is 1.57t/ that early rice fertilizer recommends amount of application
Ha, the nitrogen fertilizer amount after the organic replacement of late rice is 120.55kg N/ha；Nitrogen fertilizer amount after the organic replacement of early rice is 116.78kg
N/ha。
Meanwhile, the present embodiment arranges two control treatments, concrete to process such as being contrasted with the method for the present invention
Under：
CK (not nitrogen fertilizer application, not application of organic fertilizers)
(high nitrogen fertilizer process, late rice nitrogen fertilizer amount is 195kg N/ha to FP；Early rice nitrogen fertilizer amount is 156kg N/ha, not
Application of organic fertilizers)
It is each to process morning and evening rice total output and utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer analysis：
As seen from Table 4, compared with the process of not nitrogen fertilizer application, using early late rice total output under the method for the present invention 82% is increased.
Compared with high nitrogen fertilizer process, under the conditions of reducing by 41% nitrogen fertilizer amount, using the method for the present invention morning and evening rice can be made always to produce
Amount processes yield and maintains an equal level with high nitrogen fertilizer, without significant difference.
The method of the present invention is compared with high nitrogen fertilizer process, and the total nitrogen accumulation difference of paddy rice overground part is not notable, but application is originally
The method of invention causes nitrogen fertilizer for paddy rice the Agronomic Use Efficiency and Apparent Availability to be significantly higher than high nitrogen fertilizer process.Phase is processed with high nitrogen fertilizer
Than using the method for the present invention so that nitrogen fertilizer for paddy rice the Agronomic Use Efficiency and Apparent Availability are respectively increased 2.85kg/kg and 8.11
Percentage point.
The above results show that the method for the present invention can keep paddy rice under the precondition for significantly reducing nitrogen fertilizer amount
High yield, and significantly improve nitrogen fertilizer for paddy rice the Agronomic Use Efficiency and Apparent Availability.
The different fertilization of table 4 late rice year morning border total output and utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer
Note：With between column of figure if letter is identical to represent there was no significant difference (P<0.05)
The technology of the present invention of embodiment 2 is in Henan, Hubei, Heilungkiang, the 5 years applicable cases in Jiangxi
The present embodiment is carried out according to the flow process of Fig. 9, in -2015 years 2013 respectively Henan Province Yuanyang County Yuanyang base,
The farm of Jingmen City, Hubei Province five or three, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province Road Outside Area democracy township, Jiangxi Province Gaoan City Gao An bases are carried out.Its
Middle Henan Province Yuanyang base planting system is Wheat Maize Rotation, and the farm planting system of Hubei Province five or three is paddy rice-wheat wheel
Make, democracy township of Heilongjiang Province planting system is spring maize nonoculture, Jiangxi Province Gao An bases planting system is double cropping of rice continuous cropping.
Similar to embodiment 1, the output condition in each test website former years is investigated before long-term cropping, according to peasant household
The average product level in past 5 years and local natural climate condition estimation can obtain yield, according to different habitant situation
Estimation crop nitrogenous fertilizer index of Response, according to yield can be obtained and crop nitrogenous fertilizer index of Response calculates nitrogenous fertilizer agronomy efficiency, according to
Above-mentioned parameter calculates total nitrogen fertilizer amount (being shown in Table 5).
The reasonability of method to illustrate the invention, Different Crop fertilizer substitute index be respectively set as 0,0.1,0.2,
0.3rd, 0.4,0.5, i.e. each crop process (being shown in Table 5) for totally 5.
As shown in Table 5, it is that 0 process (all applying chemical fertilizer) is compared that index is substituted with fertilizer, and Henan and Hubei winter are little
Wheat substitutes when index is 0.3 (fertilizer nitrogen substitute 30% fertilizer nitrogen) wheat 4-6 season average products without aobvious in fertilizer
Write and decline, the suitable substitution rate for showing wheat fertilizer nitrogen replacing fertilizer nitrogen is 30%, it was demonstrated that according to the present invention little
Wheat fertilizer substitutes the reasonability (being shown in Table 2) that index is 0.3；
As shown in Table 5, it is 0 to process (i.e. all apply chemical fertilizer) and compare that index is substituted with fertilizer, Jiangxi double cropping of rice and lake
Northern semilate rice substitutes paddy rice 4-6 season average products when index is 0.2 and, without being remarkably decreased, shows that paddy rice fertilizer nitrogen is replaced in fertilizer
Be 20% for the suitable substitution rate of fertilizer nitrogen, it was demonstrated that paddy rice fertilizer according to the present invention substitute index be 0.2 it is reasonable
Property (being shown in Table 2).
As shown in Table 5, it is 0 to process (i.e. all apply chemical fertilizer) and compare that index is substituted with fertilizer, Henan summer corn and black
Longjiang spring maize substitutes corn 4-6 season average products when index is 0.3 and, without being remarkably decreased, shows corn fertilizer nitrogen in fertilizer
The suitable substitution rate of plain replacing fertilizer nitrogen is 30%, it was demonstrated that it is 0.3 that corn fertilizer according to the present invention substitutes index
Reasonability (is shown in Table 2).
Impact of the quantitative replacing fertilizer of the livestock and poultry muck of table 5 to crop yield (kg/ha, 4-6 season is average)
Note：If letter is identical to represent there was no significant difference (P between colleague's numeral<0.05)
Although above with a general description of the specific embodiments the present invention is described in detail,
On the basis of the present invention, it can be made some modifications or improvements, this will be apparent to those skilled in the art.Cause
This, without departing from theon the basis of the spirit of the present invention these modifications or improvements, belong to the scope of protection of present invention.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of application process of quantifying organic manure replacing fertilizer, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps that：
S1, foundation crop growth environment, with local crop average product of several years in the past the optimal nutrient of a certain field is estimated
Obtained yield under control measures；
S2, calculate nitrogenous fertilizer agronomy efficiency and reaching respectively according to formula (1), formula (2) total nitrogen required for yield can be obtained
Consumption：
Nitrogenous fertilizer agronomy efficiency=A × (yield × INS can be obtained)2+ B × (yield × INS can be obtained)+C (1)
Wherein, INS refers to nitrogenous fertilizer index of Response, and its numerical value determines according to soil fertility；The unit of nitrogenous fertilizer agronomy efficiency is
Kg/kg, A are secondary term coefficient, and B is Monomial coefficient, and C is constant term, and the numerical value of A, B, C tested number in the past by fitting crop
Determine according to binomial curve；
Total Nitrogen Amount=(yield × INS can be obtained) ÷ nitrogenous fertilizer agronomy efficiency × 1000 (2)
Wherein, the unit of total Nitrogen Amount is kg N/ha；
S3, according to the principle of the quantitative replacing fertilizer nitrogen nutrient of fertilizer nitrogen nutrient, calculated respectively with formula (3), formula (4)
Fertilizer recommends amount of application and the nitrogen fertilizer amount after organic replacement：
Fertilizer recommends amount of application=(total nitrogen fertilizer amount × fertilizer substitutes index) ÷ fertilizer nitrogen contents ÷ 1000 (3)
Wherein, it is t/ha that fertilizer recommends the unit of amount of application, and fertilizer substitutes for many years location data meter of the index according to crop
Calculate and obtain；
Nitrogen fertilizer amount after organic replacement=total nitrogen fertilizer amount × (1- fertilizers substitute index) (4)
Wherein, the unit of the nitrogen fertilizer amount after organic replacement is kg/ha；
S4, recommend amount of application with calculated fertilizer to field fertilising.
2. the application process of quantifying organic manure replacing fertilizer described in claim 1, it is characterised in that yield can be obtained described in S1
Estimation mode is：The risk class of growing environment is divided, is arranged under rational optimal nutrient management measure for each grade gradient
Expected volume, crop growth environment risk is evaluated according to local circumstance, corresponding expected volume can as obtain yield；
The conventional several years crop average product in expected volume >=locality.
3. the application process of quantifying organic manure replacing fertilizer described in claim 1, it is characterised in that nitrogenous fertilizer index of Response described in S2
Determine according to table 1：
Crop nitrogenous fertilizer index of Response under the different habitant situation of table 1
4. the application process of quantifying organic manure replacing fertilizer described in any one of claim 1-3, it is characterised in that when crop is little
Mai Shi, A for -0.2406, B be 3.985, C be 4.9974, calculate nitrogenous fertilizer agronomy efficiency formula be：
Nitrogenous fertilizer agronomy efficiency=- 0.2406 × (yield × INS can be obtained)2+ 3.985 × (yield × INS can be obtained)+4.9974 (5).
5. the application process of quantifying organic manure replacing fertilizer described in any one of claim 1-3, it is characterised in that when crop is the summer
During corn, A for -0.0559, B be 2.7026, C be 5.8266, calculate nitrogenous fertilizer agronomy efficiency formula be：
Nitrogenous fertilizer agronomy efficiency=- 0.0559 × (yield × INS can be obtained)2+ 2.7026 × (yield × INS can be obtained)+5.8266 (6).
6. the application process of quantifying organic manure replacing fertilizer described in any one of claim 1-3, it is characterised in that when crop is the spring
During corn, A for -0.1118, B be 3.5435, C be 6.7919, calculate nitrogenous fertilizer agronomy efficiency formula be：
Nitrogenous fertilizer agronomy efficiency=- 0.1118 × (yield × INS can be obtained)2+ 3.5435 × (yield × INS can be obtained)+6.7919 (7).
7. the application process of quantifying organic manure replacing fertilizer described in any one of claim 1-3, it is characterised in that in crop is
During rice, A for -0.5002, B be 7.5038, C be 0.5747, calculate nitrogenous fertilizer agronomy efficiency formula be：
Nitrogenous fertilizer agronomy efficiency=- 0.5002 × (yield × INS can be obtained)2+ 7.5038 × (yield × INS can be obtained)+0.5747 (8).
8. the application process of quantifying organic manure replacing fertilizer described in any one of claim 1-3, it is characterised in that when crop is early
When rice or late rice, A for -0.5003, B be 8.0034, C be 0.6522, calculate nitrogenous fertilizer agronomy efficiency formula be：
Nitrogenous fertilizer agronomy efficiency=- 0.5003 × (yield × INS can be obtained)2+ 8.0034 × (yield × INS can be obtained)+0.6522 (9).
9. the application process of quantifying organic manure replacing fertilizer described in any one of claim 1-3, it is characterised in that Different Crop
Fertilizer substitutes index and is shown in Table 2：
The Different Crop fertilizer of table 2 substitutes index
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