CN105359692A - Method for water-soluble root fertilizer application to flue-cured tobaccos - Google Patents
Method for water-soluble root fertilizer application to flue-cured tobaccos Download PDFInfo
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- CN105359692A CN105359692A CN201510678002.0A CN201510678002A CN105359692A CN 105359692 A CN105359692 A CN 105359692A CN 201510678002 A CN201510678002 A CN 201510678002A CN 105359692 A CN105359692 A CN 105359692A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for water-soluble root fertilizer application to flue-cured tobaccos. The weight ratio of the formula of basic fertilizers N, P2O5 and K2O is 8:9:14, the weight ratio of topdressing formula of N, P2O5 and K2O is 1:1:2, the basic topdressing application amount of N is 5 kg/mu, wherein the topdressing proportion is 60%; the topdressing fertilizer is applied to soil in three times; when the flue-cured tobaccos are transplanted, N is applied as root fixing water for the first time according to a concentration of 0.5 kg/mu after being diluted by 100 folds by water; in 20 days after the flue-cured tobaccos are transplanted, according to a concentration of 1.0 kg/mu, N is applied for the second time; in 35 days after the flue-cured tobaccos are transplanted, according to concentration of 1.5 kg/mu, N is diluted by water by 10 folds and then applied into the soil at the positions which are 15 cm away from the flue-cured tobaccos. By fertilization in the method, the fertilizer efficiency can be effectively brought into play, the flue-cured tobacco growth is promoted, the dry matter accumulation quantity and energy of the flue-cured tobaccos can be increased by 4.91-16.71%, the tobacco yield is increased by 5.62-14.92%, and the yield is increased by 5.03-14.34%.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of fertilizing method of flue-cured tobacco.
Background technology
Water soluble fertilizer (WaterSolubleFertilizer is called for short WSF), be a kind of polyelement composite fertilizer that can be completely water-soluble, it can promptly be dissolved in the water, easily absorbed by crops.Water soluble fertilizer can containing the whole nutritive elements required for plant growth, and can carry out component design according to the nutritional need feature of plant growth completely, effectively can avoid the waste of fertilizer, its utilization rate of fertilizer is almost 2 ~ 3 times of conventional composite fertilizer.Water soluble fertilizer is quick-acting fertilizer in addition, can play fertilizer efficiency fruit quickly, can make adjustment at any time according to the different growing way of crop to fertilizer formula.The application process of water soluble fertilizer is very easy, and it can comprise the modes such as sprinkling irrigation, drip irrigation and irrigate along with irrigation water, both saved water, again saved fertilizer.At home and abroad, water soluble fertilizer is widely used in the fertigation of vegetables in greenhouse, flowers, each planting fruit-trees, golf course and field crop.In recent years due to the develop rapidly of domestic flower industry and ornamental horticulture, it also accept by vast domestic professional grower, be applied to potted flower, the showy flowers of herbaceous plants, fresh cut-flowers plantation, the even maintenance etc. of some golf courses.
At present, domestic water dissolubility root fertilizer produces Primary Reference Ministry of Agriculture standard: NY1107-2010, its primary raw material comprises, the water-soluble better raw materials such as nitrate of lime magnesium, calcium ammonium nitrate, ammonium nitrate phosphorus, potassium nitrate, nitrate of lime, magnesium sulfate, MAP, diammonium phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, ureasulfuric acid, urea, ammonium sulfate, potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, ammonium chloride.
In cured tobacco production, the research about flue-cured tobacco special " water soluble fertilizer " is less, and in cured tobacco production and on big agriculture crop, there is no the report of large-area applications.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is, provides the fertilizing method of the water-soluble root fertilizer of a kind of flue-cured tobacco, can give full play to fertilizer efficiency, promotes cigarette strain growth, improves dry-matter accumulation amount, yield of tobacco and the output value, to overcome deficiency of the prior art.
Technical scheme of the present invention: the weight ratio of base manure formula is N:P
2o
5: K
2o=8:9:14, the weight ratio of the formula that topdresses is N:P
2o
5: K
2the base of O=1:1:2, the N fertilizer amount of application that topdresses be 5kg/ mu, wherein proportion of additional fertilizer is 60%; Topdress and point to be manured into soil for three times, when first time is flue-cured tobacco transplanting, in N fertilizer 0.5kg/ mu, apply as normal root water after water dilutes 100 times; Second time be after flue-cured tobacco transplanting 20 days, in N fertilizer 1.0kg/ mu, is being manured into soil after water dilutes 10 times at distance flue-cured tobacco 15cm place; Third time be after flue-cured tobacco transplanting 35 days, in N fertilizer 1.5kg/ mu, is being manured into soil after water dilutes 10 times at distance flue-cured tobacco 15cm place.
Compared with prior art, adopt the inventive method administration of water soluble root fertilizer effectively can play fertilizer efficiency, promote cigarette strain growth, the dry-matter accumulation amount of flue-cured tobacco can increase by 4.91% ~ 16.71%, yield of tobacco increases by 5.62% ~ 14.92%, and the output value increases by 5.03% ~ 14.34%.This fertilizer price only has 1/2 ~ 1/4 of market Water soluble fertilizer price, maintains an equal level or slightly high with existing composite fertilizer price.Fertilizer efficiency is obviously better than conventional composite fertilizer, maintains an equal level, is a kind of versatility, peasant affords to use, uses simple fertilizer with Water soluble fertilizer effect, is applicable to big agriculture and produces.
Embodiment
Embodiments of the invention: the weight ratio of base manure formula is N:P
2o
5: K
2the base manure amount of application of O=8:9:14, N fertilizer is 2kg/ mu.Single file ridging well cellar for storing things formula is adopted to transplant, row spacing 1m, nest distance 0.6m, Transplanting Density 1100 plants/acre.The weight ratio of filling a prescription of topdressing is N:P
2o
5: K
2o=1:1:2; Topdress and point to be manured into soil for three times, when first time is flue-cured tobacco transplanting, in N fertilizer 0.5kg/ mu, apply as normal root water after water dilutes 100 times; Second time be after flue-cured tobacco transplanting 20 days, in N fertilizer 1.0kg/ mu, is being manured into soil after water dilutes 10 times at distance flue-cured tobacco 15cm place; Third time be after flue-cured tobacco transplanting 35 days, in N fertilizer 1.5kg/ mu, is being manured into soil after water dilutes 10 times at distance flue-cured tobacco 15cm place.
test data
In order to best fertilizer application frequency during best base proportion of additional fertilizer, administration of water soluble root fertilizer during best amount of nitrogen, administration of water soluble root fertilizer when clear and definite best water-soluble root fertilizer formula, administration of water soluble root fertilizer, present inventor devises four tests, and carries out analyzing thus drawing preferred plan from aspects such as economical character, Dry Matter Accumulation of Flue-cured Tobacco, economic characters.
test period, place
Test 2013 proving grounds, Nian Long hilllock to carry out, the flue-cured tobacco transplanting time is April 27.
for examination material
For examination flue-cured tobacco cultivars: K326.
For examination fertilizer variety: conventional base manure N:P
2o
5: K
2o=10:10:25(is provided by the south of Guizhou Province Jin Fu company), process base manure N:P
2o
5: K
2o=8:9:14(is provided by Sichuan Hao Shiji company), routine is topdressed N:P
2o
5: K
2o=13:0:26(has the south of Guizhou Province Jin Fu company to provide), water-soluble root fertilizer is configured voluntarily by this seminar.
test one---flue-cured tobacco water-soluble root fertilizer formulating (clear and definite best water-soluble root fertilizer formula)
1.1.1 experimental scheme
Test is design treatment 7 altogether, repeats 3 times, and random district, field group arranges.N is fertile, P is fertile, the fertile consumption of K refers to table 1-1.
table 1-1 experimental scheme
1.1.2 test method
Test adopts single file ridging well cellar for storing things formula to transplant, row spacing 1m, nest distance 0.6m, Transplanting Density 1100 plants/acre.Water-soluble root fertilizer divides and is manured into soil for three times, when first time is flue-cured tobacco transplanting, in N fertilizer 0.5kg/ mu, applies after water dilutes 100 times as normal root water; Second time be after flue-cured tobacco transplanting 20 days, in N fertilizer 1.0kg/ mu, is being manured into soil after water dilutes 10 times at distance flue-cured tobacco 15cm place; Third time be after flue-cured tobacco transplanting 35 days, in N fertilizer 1.5kg/ mu, is being manured into soil after water dilutes 10 times at distance flue-cured tobacco 15cm place.
Test 5 Tian Mei communities after pinching are got 10 strains and are measured tobacco agronomy character, after entering picking time, to gather classification, and add up output and the output value of tobacco leaf by community maturation.
After flue-cured tobacco comes to the ripening period, (19 weeks) every community is chosen cigarette strain 2 strain and is obtained plant sample, completes and dries and weigh, measure NPK content after pulverizing according to root, stem, lower blade, middle part blade, upper blade, flower wooden fork Divisional.
After meter product evaluation terminates, often process C3F(or C3L getting middle part (8 ~ 11 leaf position) respectively), B2F(or B2L of top (14 ~ 17 leaf position)) each one of the tobacco sample of two grades, each sample weighs 1 ~ 2 kilogram, carries out chemical detection and sensory evaluating smoking's quality testing.
1.2.1 economical character
From the economical character (table 1-2) that flue-cured tobacco is pinched latter 5 days, the every economical character index of administration of water soluble root fertilizer all comparatively conventional fertilizer application is improved; Along with the increase of water-soluble root fertilizer potassium amount of application, every economical character index of cigarette strain is increase trend, and when in water-soluble root fertilizer, NPK ratio reaches 1:1:2, the ratio tobacco agronomy character continuing to increase potassium promotes not obvious; When in water-soluble root fertilizer, NPK ratio reaches 1:1:2, the ratio cigarette strain agronomy reducing phosphorus slightly declines, and the economical character impact of ratio on cigarette strain increasing phosphorus is little.
1.2.2 Dry Matter Accumulation of Flue-cured Tobacco
From the dry-matter accumulation amount (table 1-3) of flue-cured tobacco, use the water-soluble root fertilizer of different N PK formula, the dry-matter accumulation amount all comparatively conventional fertilizer application increase of cigarette strain, dry-matter accumulation amount increases 17.00g/ strain ~ 57.91g/ strain, and amplification is 4.91% ~ 16.71%; Along with in water-soluble root fertilizer formula, the increase cigarette strain dry-matter accumulation amount of P, K ratio is increase trend, continue to increase P, K ratio when NPK ratio is 1:1:2 in water-soluble root fertilizer and reach 1:1.2:2 and 1:1:2.5, the dry-matter accumulation amount of cigarette strain adds 5.69g/ strain and 11.25g/ strain respectively, amplification is respectively 1.45% and 2.86%, and increasing degree is less.
1.2.3 economic characters
From the economic characters statistics (table 1-4) of cured tobacco leaf, use the water-soluble root fertilizer of different N PK ratio, cured tobacco leaf output, the output value all obtain increase, wherein output comparatively conventional fertilizer application add 7.79kg/ mu ~ 20.67kg/ mu, amplification is 5.62% ~ 14.92%, the output value adds 97.89 yuan/mu ~ 278.87 yuan/mu, and amplification is 5.03% ~ 14.34%; Along with the increase of P, K ratio in water-soluble root fertilizer, yield of tobacco and the output value are increase trend, when water-soluble root fertilizer NPK ratio reaches 1:1:2, the fertile ratio yield of tobacco of increase P and output value change are not quite, increase the fertile ratio yield of tobacco of K, the output value increase 2.69kg/ mu respectively, 6.78 yuan/mu, amplification is respectively 1.72%, 0.31%, and amplification is very micro-.
From good smoke rate, use the water-soluble root fertilizer of different N PK ratio, the good smoke rate of cured tobacco leaf and conventional fertilizer application maintain an equal level or improve, wherein with water-soluble root fertilizer NPK ratio 1:1:2(T4) and process good smoke rate 1:1.2:2(T6) the highest, difference reaches significance level; Compare between different water-soluble root fertilizer formula without significantly regular.
All in all, the water-soluble root fertilizer using different N PK formula all can improve product, the value amount of tobacco leaf, along with the increase of the fertile ratio of P, K in water-soluble root fertilizer, product, the value amount of tobacco leaf increase, when in water-soluble root fertilizer, NPK ratio reaches 1:1:2, continue the ratio increasing P, K fertilizer, yield of tobacco, the output value are without obvious increase; The water-soluble root fertilizer using NPK ratio 1:1:2 can also obtain higher good smoke rate.
1.3 preliminary conclusion
From preliminary result of the test, administration of water soluble root fertilizer effectively can play fertilizer efficiency, and promote cigarette strain growth, the dry-matter accumulation amount of flue-cured tobacco can increase by 4.91% ~ 16.71%, and yield of tobacco increases by 5.62% ~ 14.92%, and the output value increases by 5.03% ~ 14.34%; Along with the increase of P, K ratio in water-soluble root fertilizer, cigarette strain growing way, dry-matter accumulation amount and output, the output value are all in increase trend, but continue when NPK ratio in water-soluble root fertilizer reaches 1:1:2 to increase that P is fertile or K is fertile, to promotion cigarette strain growth, improve dry-matter accumulation amount and tobacco leaf product, value amount DeGrain.
test two---flue-cured tobacco water-soluble root fertilizer corresponding fertilization technical research (best amount of nitrogen during clear and definite administration of water soluble root fertilizer)
2.1.1 experimental scheme
Test is design treatment 5 altogether, repeats 3 times, and random district, field group arranges.N is fertile, P is fertile, the fertile consumption of K refers to table 2-1.
2.1.2 test method
Test adopts single file ridging well cellar for storing things formula to transplant, row spacing 1m, nest distance 0.6m, Transplanting Density 1100 plants/acre.Water-soluble root fertilizer divides and is manured into soil for three times, the process of amount of nitrogen 4kg/ mu, fertilization time is the flue-cured tobacco transplanting same day for the first time, in N fertilizer 0.5kg/ mu, applies after water dilutes 100 times as normal root water, second time is after flue-cured tobacco transplanting 20 days, in N fertilizer 1.0kg/ mu, be manured into soil apart from flue-cured tobacco 15cm place after water dilutes 10 times, third time is after flue-cured tobacco transplanting 35 days, in N fertilizer 0.5kg/ mu, be manured into soil apart from flue-cured tobacco 15cm place after water dilutes 10 times; The process of amount of nitrogen 5kg/ mu, fertilization time is the flue-cured tobacco transplanting same day for the first time, in N fertilizer 0.5kg/ mu, applies after water dilutes 100 times as normal root water; Second time be after flue-cured tobacco transplanting 20 days, in N fertilizer 1.0kg/ mu, is being manured into soil after water dilutes 10 times apart from flue-cured tobacco 15cm place, and third time is after flue-cured tobacco transplanting 35 days, in N fertilizer 1.5kg/ mu, is being manured into soil after water dilutes 10 times at distance flue-cured tobacco 15cm place; The process of amount of nitrogen 6kg/ mu, fertilization time is the flue-cured tobacco transplanting same day for the first time, in N fertilizer 0.5kg/ mu, apply as normal root water after water dilutes 100 times, second time is after flue-cured tobacco transplanting 20 days, in N fertilizer 1.0kg/ mu, be manured into soil apart from flue-cured tobacco 15cm place after water dilutes 10 times, third time be after flue-cured tobacco transplanting 35 days, in N fertilizer 2.5kg/ mu, is being manured into soil after water dilutes 10 times at distance flue-cured tobacco 15cm place.
Test 5 Tian Mei communities after pinching are got 10 strains and are measured tobacco agronomy character, after entering picking time, to gather classification, and add up output and the output value of tobacco leaf by community maturation.
Plant sample is obtained in a group phase (5 weeks), Topping Stage (9 weeks), pin leaf maturing stage (11 weeks), waist leaf maturing stage (15 weeks), top maturing stage (19 weeks) after flue-cured tobacco transplanting, wherein roll into a ball a phase according to root, stem, leaf 3 positions acquisition plant samples, Topping Stage obtains plant sample to the top maturing stage according to root, stem, lower blade, middle part blade, upper blade, flower wooden fork 6 positions, sample completes and dries and weigh, and measures NPK content after pulverizing.
After meter product evaluation terminates, often process C3F(or C3L getting middle part (8 ~ 11 leaf position) respectively), B2F(or B2L of top (14 ~ 17 leaf position)) each one of the tobacco sample of two grades, each sample weighs 1 ~ 2 kilogram, carries out chemical detection and sensory evaluating smoking's quality testing.
2.2.1 economical character
From the economical character of pinching latter 5 days (table 2-2), administration of water soluble root fertilizer under different amount of nitrogens, the economical character that cigarette strain is pinched latter 5 days all obtains increase in various degree, and along with the increase of amount of nitrogen be increase trend, when water-soluble root fertilizer process amount of nitrogen reaches more than 5kg/ mu, difference reaches significance level.
2.2.2 Dry Matter Accumulation of Flue-cured Tobacco
From the dry-matter accumulation total amount (table 2-3) in top maturing stage, under amount of nitrogen 4kg/ mu, administration of water soluble root fertilizer cigarette strain dry-matter accumulation total amount is consistent with conventional fertilizer application; Amount of nitrogen is increased to 5kg/ mu, 6kg/ mu administration of water soluble root fertilizer cigarette strain dry-matter accumulation total amount significantly increases, and dry-matter accumulation amount comparatively conventional fertilizer application improves 47.50g/ strain, 63.04g/ strain respectively, and amplification is respectively 13.10%, 17.38%; Along with the increase of amount of nitrogen, administration of water soluble root fertilizer cigarette strain dry-matter accumulation total amount is increase trend, but continues when amount of nitrogen reaches 5kg/ mu to increase amount of nitrogen, and it is less that dry-matter accumulation amount promotes amplitude.
2.2.3 economic characters
From the economic characters of cured tobacco leaf (table 2-4), administration of water soluble root fertilizer under amount of nitrogen 4kg/ mu, yield of tobacco and the output value and conventional fertilizer application basically identical; After increasing amount of nitrogen, administration of water soluble root fertilizer yield of tobacco, the output value significantly increase, when wherein amount of nitrogen reaches 5kg/ mu, yield of tobacco, the output value comparatively conventional fertilizer application improve respectively 13.31kg/ mu, 196.47 yuan/mu, amplification is respectively 9.45%, 10.01%, when amount of nitrogen reaches 6kg/ mu yield of tobacco, the output value comparatively conventional fertilizer application improve respectively 21.85kg/ mu, 287.16 yuan/mu, amplification is respectively 15.51%, 14.63%; Along with the increase administration of water soluble root fertilizer of amount of nitrogen, yield of tobacco, the output value are in significantly increasing trend, and amount of nitrogen reaches 5kg/ mu to be continued to increase amount of nitrogen to 6kg/ mu, and yield of tobacco adds 5.53%, and the tobacco leaf output value adds 4.20%, and increasing degree is limited.From good smoke rate, administration of water soluble root fertilizer under different amount of nitrogen, good smoke rate all comparatively conventional fertilizer application improves, wherein the highest with administration of water soluble root fertilizer good smoke rate under 5kg/ mu amount of nitrogen, comparatively conventional fertilizer application improves 24.21%, and be secondly the process of 6kg/ mu amount of nitrogen, good smoke rate improves 18.23%, be the process of 4kg/ mu amount of nitrogen again, good smoke rate improves 16.23%.
All in all, administration of water soluble root fertilizer under 5kg/ mu amount of nitrogen, yield of tobacco, the output value and good smoke rate comparatively conventional fertilizer application significantly improve, when continuation increase amount of nitrogen reaches 6kg/ mu, the increasing degree of yield of tobacco and the output value is little, and good smoke rate also slightly declines.
2.3 conclusions and discussion
From preliminary result of the test, compare with conventional fertilizer application, the administration of water soluble root fertilizer when amount of nitrogen reaches 5kg/ mu, significantly can promote that cigarette strain grows, increase the dry-matter accumulation of cigarette strain, improve yield of tobacco, the output value and good smoke rate.Continue to increase administration of water soluble root fertilizer when amount of nitrogen reaches 6kg/ mu, to enhancing cigarette strain growing way, improve tobacco leaf dry-matter accumulation and improve the output value, output effect little.
test three---flue-cured tobacco water-soluble root fertilizer corresponding fertilization technical research (best base proportion of additional fertilizer during clear and definite administration of water soluble root fertilizer)
3.1.1 experimental scheme
Test is design treatment 5 altogether, repeats 3 times, and random district, field group arranges.N is fertile, P is fertile, the fertile consumption of K refers to table 3-1.
3.1.2 test method
Test adopts single file ridging well cellar for storing things formula to transplant, row spacing 1m, nest distance 0.6m, Transplanting Density 1100 plants/acre.Water-soluble root fertilizer divides and is manured into soil for three times, to topdress 80% process, fertilization time is the flue-cured tobacco transplanting same day for the first time, in N fertilizer 0.5kg/ mu, applies after water dilutes 100 times as normal root water, second time is after flue-cured tobacco transplanting 20 days, in N fertilizer 1.0kg/ mu, be manured into soil apart from flue-cured tobacco 15cm place after water dilutes 10 times, third time is after flue-cured tobacco transplanting 35 days, in N fertilizer 2.5kg/ mu, be manured into soil apart from flue-cured tobacco 15cm place after water dilutes 10 times; To topdress 60% process, fertilization time is the flue-cured tobacco transplanting same day for the first time, in N fertilizer 0.5kg/ mu, apply as normal root water after water dilutes 100 times, second time is after flue-cured tobacco transplanting 20 days, in N fertilizer 1.0kg/ mu, be manured into soil apart from flue-cured tobacco 15cm place after water dilutes 10 times, third time be after flue-cured tobacco transplanting 35 days, in N fertilizer 1.5kg/ mu, is being manured into soil after water dilutes 10 times at distance flue-cured tobacco 15cm place; To topdress 40% process, fertilization time is the flue-cured tobacco transplanting same day for the first time, in N fertilizer 0.5kg/ mu, apply as normal root water after water dilutes 100 times, second time is after flue-cured tobacco transplanting 20 days, in N fertilizer 1.0kg/ mu, be manured into soil apart from flue-cured tobacco 15cm place after water dilutes 10 times, third time be after flue-cured tobacco transplanting 35 days, in N fertilizer 0.5kg/ mu, is being manured into soil after water dilutes 10 times at distance flue-cured tobacco 15cm place.
Test 5 Tian Mei communities after pinching are got 10 strains and are measured tobacco agronomy character, after entering picking time, to gather classification, and add up output and the output value of tobacco leaf by community maturation.
Plant sample is obtained in a group phase (5 weeks), Topping Stage (9 weeks), pin leaf maturing stage (11 weeks), waist leaf maturing stage (15 weeks), top maturing stage (19 weeks) after flue-cured tobacco transplanting, wherein roll into a ball a phase according to root, stem, leaf 3 positions acquisition plant samples, Topping Stage obtains plant sample to the top maturing stage according to root, stem, lower blade, middle part blade, upper blade, flower wooden fork 6 positions, sample completes and dries and weigh, and measures NPK content after pulverizing.
After meter product evaluation terminates, often process C3F(or C3L getting middle part (8 ~ 11 leaf position) respectively), B2F(or B2L of top (14 ~ 17 leaf position)) each one of the tobacco sample of two grades, each sample weighs 1 ~ 2 kilogram, carries out chemical detection and sensory evaluating smoking's quality testing.
3.2.1 economical character
From the economical character of pinching latter 5 days (table 3-2), administration of water soluble root fertilizer during proportion of additional fertilizer 80%, tobacco agronomy character comparatively conventional fertilizer application slightly improves, administration of water soluble root fertilizer when proportion of additional fertilizer 60%, 40%, every economical character index of cigarette strain comparatively conventional fertilizer application significantly improves, wherein with administration of water soluble root fertilizer during proportion of additional fertilizer 60%, every economical character index is higher, significance level is reached with conventional fertilizer application comparing difference, reduce on this basis or increase proportion of additional fertilizer, the growth-promoting effect of water-soluble root fertilizer declines all to some extent.
3.2.2 Dry Matter Accumulation of Flue-cured Tobacco
From Dry Matter Accumulation of Flue-cured Tobacco total amount (table 3-3), administration of water soluble root fertilizer under different Supplemental proportion, the dry-matter accumulation total amount of cigarette strain all comparatively conventional fertilizer application is improved, wherein dry-matter accumulation total amount is the highest with administration of water soluble root fertilizer during proportion of additional fertilizer 60%, comparatively conventional fertilizer application improves 47.50g/ strain, amplification reaches 13.10%, difference reaches significance level, next is the water-soluble root fertilizer process of proportion of additional fertilizer 40%, comparatively conventional fertilizer application improves 28.89g/ strain, amplification reaches 7.97%, the water-soluble root fertilizer process of proportion of additional fertilizer 80% again, more conventionally improve 9.89g/ strain, amplification is only 2.73%.
All in all, administration of water soluble root fertilizer can promote cigarette strain dry-matter accumulation, and the prosperous long-term Accumulation rate of dry matter of flue-cured tobacco and the dry-matter accumulation ratio before pinching are improved; The administration of water soluble root fertilizer when proportion of additional fertilizer is 60%, the fertilizer efficiency of water-soluble root fertilizer can be given full play to, promote the early growth and quick tiller of cigarette strain, the prosperous long-term Accumulation rate of dry matter of the dry-matter accumulation amount of its cigarette strain, flue-cured tobacco and the Dry Matter Accumulation of Flue-cured Tobacco ratio before pinching reach the highest.Reduce or increase proportion of additional fertilizer, dry-matter accumulation declines all to some extent.
3.2.3 economic characters
From the economic characters statistics (table 3-4) of cured tobacco leaf, administration of water soluble root fertilizer under different Supplemental proportion, the output of cured tobacco leaf, the output value is all improved, wherein with administration of water soluble root fertilizer output during proportion of additional fertilizer 60%, the output value is the highest, output, the output value comparatively conventional fertilizer application improves 13.31kg/ mu respectively, 196.47 unit/mu, amplification reaches 9.45% respectively, 10.01%, difference reaches significance level, next is the water-soluble root fertilizer process of proportion of additional fertilizer 40%, output, the output value comparatively conventional fertilizer application improves 10.15kg/ mu respectively, 150.40 unit/mu, amplification is respectively 7.20%, 7.66%, administration of water soluble root fertilizer output during proportion of additional fertilizer 80%, the output value comparatively conventional fertilizer application improves 5.78kg/ mu respectively, 35.85 unit/mu, amplification is respectively 4.11%, 1.83%.From good smoke rate, administration of water soluble root fertilizer under different Supplemental proportion, good smoke rate comparatively conventional fertilizer application is all improved, and it is the highest with administration of water soluble root fertilizer good smoke rate during proportion of additional fertilizer 60%, comparatively conventional fertilizer application improves 9.63%, and amplification is 24.20%, and difference reaches significance level.
All in all, under different proportion of additional fertilizer, administration of water soluble root fertilizer all can improve the output of tobacco leaf, the output value and good smoke rate; The administration of water soluble root fertilizer when proportion of additional fertilizer is 60%, the output value of tobacco leaf, output and good smoke rate reach the highest, and increase on this basis or reduce proportion of additional fertilizer, the output value, output and good smoke rate decline all to some extent.
3.3 conclusion
From preliminary result of the test, compare with conventional fertilizer application, administration of water soluble root fertilizer under different Supplemental proportion, all can promote the growth of cigarette strain, increases the dry-matter accumulation of cigarette strain, improves yield of tobacco, the output value and good smoke rate; When proportion of additional fertilizer is 60%, administration of water soluble root fertilizer, can give full play to the fertilizer efficiency of water-soluble root fertilizer, and its cigarette strain growing way is the strongest, dry-matter accumulation amount, prosperous long-term Accumulation rate of dry matter, pinch before dry-matter accumulation ratio reach the highest.
test four---flue-cured tobacco water-soluble root fertilizer corresponding fertilization technical research (best fertilizer application frequency during clear and definite administration of water soluble root fertilizer)
4.1.1 experimental scheme
Test is design treatment 5 altogether, repeats 3 times, and random district, field group arranges.N is fertile, P is fertile, the fertile consumption of K refers to table 3-1.
4.1.2 test method
Test adopts single file ridging well cellar for storing things formula to transplant, row spacing 1m, nest distance 0.6m, Transplanting Density 1100 plants/acre.Water-soluble root fertilizer divides and is manured into soil for three times, water-soluble root fertilizer topdresses for 2 times process, fertilization time is the flue-cured tobacco transplanting same day for the first time, in N fertilizer 0.5kg/ mu, apply as normal root water after water dilutes 100 times, second time be after flue-cured tobacco transplanting 35 days, in N fertilizer 2.5kg/ mu, is being manured into soil after water dilutes 10 times at distance flue-cured tobacco 15cm place; Water-soluble root fertilizer topdresses for 3 times process, first time fertilization time be the flue-cured tobacco transplanting same day, in N fertilizer 0.5kg/ mu, apply as normal root water after water dilutes 100 times; Second time be after flue-cured tobacco transplanting 20 days, in N fertilizer 1.0kg/ mu, is being manured into soil after water dilutes 10 times apart from flue-cured tobacco 15cm place, and third time is after flue-cured tobacco transplanting 35 days, in N fertilizer 1.5kg/ mu, is being manured into soil after water dilutes 10 times at distance flue-cured tobacco 15cm place; Water-soluble root fertilizer topdresses for 4 times process, fertilization time is the flue-cured tobacco transplanting same day for the first time, in N fertilizer 0.5kg/ mu, apply as normal root water after water dilutes 100 times, second time is after flue-cured tobacco transplanting 20 days, in N fertilizer 1.0kg/ mu, be manured into soil apart from flue-cured tobacco 15cm place after water dilutes 10 times, third time is after flue-cured tobacco transplanting 35 days, in N fertilizer 1.0kg/ mu, being manured into soil apart from flue-cured tobacco 15cm place after water dilutes 10 times, is for the 4th time after flue-cured tobacco transplanting 45 days, in N fertilizer 0.5kg/ mu, be manured into soil apart from flue-cured tobacco 15cm place after water dilutes 10 times.
Test 5 Tian Mei communities after pinching are got 10 strains and are measured tobacco agronomy character, after entering picking time, to gather classification, and add up output and the output value of tobacco leaf by community maturation.
Plant sample is obtained in a group phase (5 weeks), Topping Stage (9 weeks), pin leaf maturing stage (11 weeks), waist leaf maturing stage (15 weeks), top maturing stage (19 weeks) after flue-cured tobacco transplanting, wherein roll into a ball a phase according to root, stem, leaf 3 positions acquisition plant samples, Topping Stage obtains plant sample to the top maturing stage according to root, stem, lower blade, middle part blade, upper blade, flower wooden fork 6 positions, sample completes and dries and weigh, and measures NPK content after pulverizing.
After meter product evaluation terminates, often process C3F(or C3L getting middle part (8 ~ 11 leaf position) respectively), B2F(or B2L of top (14 ~ 17 leaf position)) each one of the tobacco sample of two grades, each sample weighs 1 ~ 2 kilogram, carries out chemical detection and sensory evaluating smoking's quality testing.
4.2.1 economical character
From the economical character (table 4-2) of group's phase, administration of water soluble root fertilizer under different fertilizer application frequencies, the cigarette strain economical character of pinching latter 5 days all obtains enhancing in various degree compared with conventional fertilizer application, and with the increase of water-soluble root fertilizer fertilizer application frequency, economical character strengthens; When water-soluble root fertilizer fertilizer application frequency is 2 times, every economical character index of cigarette strain comparatively conventional fertilizer application slightly increases, and amplitude is little, and difference is not remarkable; When water-soluble root fertilizer fertilizer application frequency is more than 3 times, the economical character of cigarette strain comparatively conventional fertilizer application significantly improves; The basis of using 3 times at water-soluble root fertilizer is continued increase water-soluble root fertilizer application times, it is less that the economical character of cigarette strain promotes amplitude.
4.2.2 Dry Matter Accumulation of Flue-cured Tobacco
From the dry-matter accumulation total amount (table 4-3) in top maturing stage, the dry-matter accumulation total amount of administration of water soluble root fertilizer cigarette strain all comparatively conventional fertilizer application raising under different fertilizer application frequencies, and be increase trend with the increase of water-soluble root fertilizer fertilizer application frequency.Water-soluble root fertilizer apply fertilizer 2 dry-matter accumulation total amounts comparatively conventional fertilizer application improve 9.08g/ strain, amplification is 2.50%, and increasing degree is less, and difference is not remarkable; Water-soluble root fertilizer apply fertilizer 3 times time, dry-matter accumulation total amount comparatively conventional fertilizer application improves 47.50g/ strain, and amplification is 13.10%, and difference reaches significance level; Water-soluble root fertilizer applies fertilizer 4 times, and dry-matter accumulation total amount comparatively conventional fertilizer application improves 55.35g/ strain, and amplification is 15.26%, and same difference reaches significance level; Continue during water-soluble root fertilizer fertilizer application frequency 3 times to increase fertilizer application frequency, dry-matter accumulation total amount increases 7.84g/ strain, and amplification is only 1.91%, and increasing degree is less.
4.2.3 economic characters
From the economic characters of cured tobacco leaf (table 4-4), administration of water soluble root fertilizer under Different Fertilization number of times, yield of tobacco, the output value all comparatively conventional fertilizer application improve, and are increase trend with the increase output value of fertilizer application frequency, output; Water-soluble root fertilizer applies fertilizer 2 times, yield of tobacco, the output value comparatively conventional fertilizer application improve respectively 3.99kg/ mu, 37.77 yuan/mu, amplification is respectively 2.84%, 1.92%, and amplification is less, and difference is not remarkable; Water-soluble root fertilizer apply fertilizer 3 times time, yield of tobacco, the output value comparatively conventional fertilizer application improve respectively 13.31kg/ mu, 196.47 yuan/mu, amplification is respectively 9.45%, 10.01%, and difference reaches significance level; Water-soluble root fertilizer apply fertilizer 4 times time, yield of tobacco, the output value comparatively conventional fertilizer application improve respectively 15.67kg/ mu, 198.24 yuan/mu, amplification is respectively 11.12%, 10.10%, and difference reaches significance level equally; Water-soluble root fertilizer apply fertilizer 3 times time continue to increase fertilizer application frequency to 4 times, yield of tobacco, the output value improve respectively 2.36kg/ mu, 1.76 yuan/mu, amplification is only 1.53%, 0.08%, and amplification is very little.From good smoke rate, under different fertilizer application frequencies, administration of water soluble root fertilizer all can improve good smoke rate, and wherein water-soluble root fertilizer 3 good smoke rates that apply fertilizer are the highest.
4.3 conclusions and discussion
From preliminary result of the test, when water-soluble root fertilizer fertilizer application frequency reaches 3 times, administration of water soluble root fertilizer, significantly can promote that cigarette strain grows, and increases the dry-matter accumulation of cigarette strain, improves yield of tobacco, the output value and good smoke rate.Continue to increase administration of water soluble root fertilizer when fertilizer application frequency reaches 4 times, to enhancing cigarette strain growing way, improve tobacco leaf dry-matter accumulation and improve the output value, output effect little.
Claims (1)
1. a fertilizing method for the water-soluble root fertilizer of flue-cured tobacco, is characterized in that: the weight ratio of base manure formula is N:P
2o
5: K
2o=8:9:14, the weight ratio of the formula that topdresses is N:P
2o
5: K
2the base of O=1:1:2, the N fertilizer amount of application that topdresses be 5kg/ mu, wherein proportion of additional fertilizer is 60%; Topdress and point to be manured into soil for three times, when first time is flue-cured tobacco transplanting, in N fertilizer 0.5kg/ mu, apply as normal root water after water dilutes 100 times; Second time be after flue-cured tobacco transplanting 20 days, in N fertilizer 1.0kg/ mu, is being manured into soil after water dilutes 10 times at distance flue-cured tobacco 15cm place; Third time be after flue-cured tobacco transplanting 35 days, in N fertilizer 1.5kg/ mu, is being manured into soil after water dilutes 10 times at distance flue-cured tobacco 15cm place.
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| CN110651580A (en) * | 2019-09-04 | 2020-01-07 | 湖南农业大学 | Fertilizing method for tobacco in rice-crop tobacco area |
| CN113079782A (en) * | 2021-02-26 | 2021-07-09 | 贵州省烟草公司毕节市公司 | Flue-cured tobacco fertilization method of water-soluble root fertilization technology matched with storage-protecting agent |
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