CN113079782A - Flue-cured tobacco fertilization method of water-soluble root fertilization technology matched with storage-protecting agent - Google Patents
Flue-cured tobacco fertilization method of water-soluble root fertilization technology matched with storage-protecting agent Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a flue-cured tobacco fertilization method of a water-soluble root fertilization technology matched with a storage-protecting agent, which comprises the following steps: when the base fertilizer for the flue-cured tobacco is applied, the base fertilizer special for the flue-cured tobacco and the storage agent are uniformly mixed and then are applied in a strip mode or a hole mode, the base fertilizer special for the flue-cured tobacco and the storage agent are uniformly mixed and then are applied according to a conventional method, and the storage agent is a charcoal storage agent; when the flue-cured tobacco is subjected to top dressing and fertilization, the special water-soluble root fertilization is used for replacing the conventional top dressing and is applied for 3 times, the biochar is used as the storage agent, and the water-soluble root fertilization is combined, so that the flue-cured tobacco fertilization method matched with the storage agent in the water-soluble root fertilization technology is provided, the nutrient loss of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in soil can be effectively reduced, the yield and the output value of flue-cured tobacco can be remarkably improved, the chemical coordination of tobacco leaves in the middle can be improved, the quality and the economic character of the flue-cured tobacco can be improved, and the later-period fertilizer removal phenomenon in the water-fertilizer integrated fertilization mode can be effectively solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of tobacco planting, and particularly relates to a flue-cured tobacco fertilization method matched with a biochar storage-protecting agent by a water-soluble root fertilization technology.
Background
The current fertilizer for producing flue-cured tobacco mainly takes a composite fertilizer in a particle form as a main part, after solid fertilizer enters soil, fertilizer nutrients are not completely absorbed by crops in situ immediately after being released in the soil, most of the fertilizer nutrients are distributed in soil bodies with different depths through conversion and migration, and the crop nutrients are required to be supplied from the whole soil body through water-fertilizer-root coupling, so that the release and migration of the nutrients are influenced by factors such as climate, soil structure and the like, the mismatch between the release of the nutrients and the nutrient absorption rate of tobacco plants is caused, and the problems of slow fertilizer efficiency, insufficient timeliness and low fertilizer utilization rate exist in the conventional fertilizer application technology.
In recent years, a water and fertilizer integration technology combining micro-irrigation and fertilization can regularly and quantitatively apply nutrients according to the growth rule and the fertilizer requirement characteristic of crops, make up for the defects of conventional fertilization, and realize synchronous water and fertilizer management and efficient resource utilization.
However, Guizhou as the only mountain area without plain support in China is limited by scattered tobacco field plots and landforms of mountains and hills of tobacco leaf producing areas, and the water and fertilizer integrated technology of drip irrigation fertilization is difficult to popularize in Guizhou mountains.
At present, no effective scheme exists for the later-stage fertilizer removal problem of the flue-cured tobacco water and fertilizer integrated fertilization mode, and common slow-release fertilizer cannot realize water and fertilizer synchronous management and efficient resource utilization.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: aiming at the problem of later stage fertilizer release in the existing flue-cured tobacco water and fertilizer integrated fertilization mode in the prior art, the invention provides a flue-cured tobacco fertilization method of a water-soluble root fertilization technology matched storage agent, which adopts biochar as the storage agent and combines water-soluble root fertilization.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a flue-cured tobacco fertilization method of a water-soluble root fertilization technology matched with a storage-protecting agent specifically comprises the following steps: when the base fertilizer for flue-cured tobacco is applied, the base fertilizer special for flue-cured tobacco and the biochar storage agent are uniformly mixed and then are applied in a strip mode or a hole mode, and the base fertilizer special for flue-cured tobacco and the storage agent are uniformly mixed and then are applied according to a conventional method; when the flue-cured tobacco is subjected to additional fertilization, the special water-soluble root fertilizer is used for replacing the conventional additional fertilization and is applied for 3 times.
Furthermore, the storage agent is a charcoal storage agent, and charcoal is used as a common porous adsorption material, has strong physical adsorption and surface property due to a good macroporous net structure and a large specific surface area, can enhance the water retention of soil, and can slow down the release speed of fertilizer nutrients. In addition, the biochar is an organic substance rich in nutrients such as P, K, so that the volume weight and hardness of soil can be reduced, and the texture and farming performance of the soil can be improved.
Furthermore, the application amount of the special base fertilizer for flue-cured tobacco is reduced by 25-35% according to the local conventional application amount, and the application amount of the biochar storage agent is 250-350 kg per hectare.
Preferably, the application amount of the biochar preservative is 300kg per hectare.
Further, when the flue-cured tobacco is subjected to additional fertilization, the concrete steps of applying the fertilizer by 3 times are as follows: the 1 st fertilization is on the transplanting day, the special water-soluble root fertilization formula 1 is diluted by 60-100 times and used as root fixing water for irrigating tobacco seedlings; the 2 nd fertilization is 15-20 days after transplanting, namely when well sealing and soil filling are carried out, the special water-soluble root fertilization formula 2 is diluted by 4.5 times, a fertilization gun is used for being vertically inserted into a ridge body for 15cm at the longest leaf tip on the ridge, and then fertilizer water is injected into the ridge body; and the 3 rd fertilization is a rooting stage 35-40 days after transplanting. Diluting the special water-soluble root fertilization formula 3 by 5 times, vertically inserting a fertilization gun into the ridge body by 10cm at the longest leaf tip on the ridge, and injecting fertilizer water into the ridge body.
Further, the application amount of the special water-soluble root fertilization formula 1 used in the 1 st fertilization is 36-38 kg per hectare, and the formula weight ratio of the special water-soluble root fertilization formula 1 is N: P205:K2O22: 14:10, the application rate of the special water-soluble root fertilization formula 1 is preferably 37.5kg per hectare.
Further, the application amount of the special water-soluble root fertilization formula 2 used in the 2 nd fertilization is 130-140 kg per hectare, and the formula weight ratio of the special water-soluble root fertilization formula 2 is N: P205:K2O ═ 14:19:20, and the application amount of the special water-soluble root fertilization formula 2 is preferably 135kg per hectare.
Further, the application amount of the special water-soluble root fertilization formula 3 used in the fertilization of the 3 rd time is 180-190 kg per hectare,the formula weight ratio of the special water-soluble root fertilizer formula 3 is N: P205:K2O10: 2:37, the application rate of the special water-soluble root fertilization formula 3 is preferably 187.5kg per hectare.
The special water-soluble root fertilizer formula 1, the special water-soluble root fertilizer formula 2 and the special water-soluble root fertilizer formula 3 can be directly purchased in the market.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: in order to solve the problem of the later-stage fertilizer release phenomenon in the water-fertilizer integrated fertilization technical mode, the invention constructs a fertilization method of the biochar storage-protecting agent matched with the water-soluble root fertilization by adopting biochar as the storage-protecting agent and combining the water-soluble root fertilization.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the content of alkaline-hydrolyzable nitrogen in soil obtained by applying biochar as a storage agent in an experimental example of the present invention in combination with water-soluble root fertilization, conventional fertilization, and single water-soluble root fertilization;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the comparison of the content of available phosphorus in soil by three fertilization methods, namely water-soluble root fertilization, conventional fertilization and single water-soluble root fertilization, in an experimental example of the present invention, using charcoal as a storage-maintaining agent;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the content comparison of soil-available potassium by three fertilization methods, namely water-soluble root fertilization, conventional fertilization and single water-soluble root fertilization, using charcoal as a storage-retaining agent in an experimental example of the present invention;
labeled as: in the figure 1, the ordinate is the content of alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, and the abscissa is the days after the flue-cured tobacco is transplanted; in FIG. 2, the ordinate represents the available phosphorus content, and the abscissa represents the days after the flue-cured tobacco is transplanted; in fig. 3, the ordinate is the content of the quick-acting potassium, and the abscissa is the days after the flue-cured tobacco is transplanted.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the preferred embodiment of the invention, are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Example 1
A flue-cured tobacco fertilization method of a biochar storage-protecting agent matched with a water-soluble root fertilization technology is specifically as follows:
when the base fertilizer for the flue-cured tobacco is used for fertilization, the base fertilizer special for the flue-cured tobacco and the biochar preservative are uniformly mixed and then are applied in a strip mode or a hole mode, the base fertilizer special for the flue-cured tobacco and the preservative are uniformly mixed and then are applied according to a conventional method, in the fertilization process, the application amount of the base fertilizer special for the flue-cured tobacco is reduced by 25% according to the local conventional application amount, and the application amount of the biochar preservative is 350kg per hectare;
when flue-cured tobacco topdressing and fertilizing are carried out, the special water-soluble root fertilizer is used for replacing the conventional topdressing, the application is carried out for 3 times, and the specific steps of the application for 3 times are as follows: the 1 st fertilization is on the transplanting day, the special water-soluble root fertilization formula 1 is diluted by 60-100 times and used as root fixing water for irrigating tobacco seedlings; the 2 nd fertilization is 15-20 days after transplanting, namely when well sealing and soil filling are carried out, the special water-soluble root fertilization formula 2 is diluted by 4.5 times, a fertilization gun is used for being vertically inserted into a ridge body for 15cm at the longest leaf tip on the ridge, and then fertilizer water is injected into the ridge body; and the 3 rd fertilization is a rooting stage 35-40 days after transplanting. Diluting the special water-soluble root fertilization formula 3 by 5 times, vertically inserting a fertilization gun into the ridge body by 10cm at the longest leaf tip on the ridge, and injecting fertilizer water into the ridge body.
The special water-soluble root fertilizer formula 1, the special water-soluble root fertilizer formula 2 and the special water-soluble root fertilizer formula 3 are directly purchased in the market, and the formula weight ratio of the special water-soluble root fertilizer formula 1 is N: P205:K2O22: 14: 10; the formula weight ratio of the special water-soluble root fertilizer formula 2 is N: P205:K2O-14: 19: 20; the formula weight ratio of the special water-soluble root fertilizer formula 3 is N: P205:K2O＝10:2:37。
In the flue-cured tobacco top dressing and fertilizing process, the application amount of the special water-soluble root fertilizer formula 1 used in the 1 st fertilization is 36kg per hectare; the application amount of the special water-soluble root fertilization formula 2 used in the fertilization of the 2 nd time is 130kg per hectare; the application amount of the special water-soluble root fertilization formula 3 used in the fertilization 3 is 180kg per hectare.
Example 2
A flue-cured tobacco fertilization method of a biochar storage-protecting agent matched with a water-soluble root fertilization technology is specifically as follows:
when the base fertilizer for the flue-cured tobacco is used for fertilization, the base fertilizer special for the flue-cured tobacco and the biochar preservative are uniformly mixed and then are applied in a strip mode or a hole mode, the base fertilizer special for the flue-cured tobacco and the preservative are uniformly mixed and then are applied according to a conventional method, in the fertilization process, the application amount of the base fertilizer special for the flue-cured tobacco is reduced by 30% according to the local conventional application amount, and the application amount of the biochar preservative is 300kg per hectare;
when flue-cured tobacco topdressing and fertilizing are carried out, the special water-soluble root fertilizer is used for replacing the conventional topdressing, the application is carried out for 3 times, and the specific steps of the application for 3 times are as follows: the 1 st fertilization is on the transplanting day, the special water-soluble root fertilization formula 1 is diluted by 60-100 times and used as root fixing water for irrigating tobacco seedlings; the 2 nd fertilization is 15-20 days after transplanting, namely when well sealing and soil filling are carried out, the special water-soluble root fertilization formula 2 is diluted by 4.5 times, a fertilization gun is used for being vertically inserted into a ridge body for 15cm at the longest leaf tip on the ridge, and then fertilizer water is injected into the ridge body; and the 3 rd fertilization is a rooting stage 35-40 days after transplanting. Diluting the special water-soluble root fertilization formula 3 by 5 times, vertically inserting a fertilization gun into the ridge body by 10cm at the longest leaf tip on the ridge, and injecting fertilizer water into the ridge body.
The special water-soluble root fertilizer formula 1, the special water-soluble root fertilizer formula 2 and the special water-soluble root fertilizer formula 3 are directly purchased in the market, and the formula weight ratio of the special water-soluble root fertilizer formula 1 is N: P205:K2O22: 14: 10; the formula weight ratio of the special water-soluble root fertilizer formula 2 is N: P205:K2O-14: 19: 20; the formula weight ratio of the special water-soluble root fertilizer formula 3 is N: P205:K2O＝10:2:37。
In the flue-cured tobacco top dressing and fertilizing process, the application amount of the special water-soluble root fertilizer formula 1 used in the 1 st fertilization is 37.5kg per hectare; the application amount of the special water-soluble root fertilizer formula 2 used in the fertilization of the 2 nd time is 135kg per hectare; the application rate of the special water-soluble root application formula 3 used in the 3 rd fertilization was 187.5kg per hectare.
Example 3
A flue-cured tobacco fertilization method of a biochar storage-protecting agent matched with a water-soluble root fertilization technology is specifically as follows:
when the base fertilizer for the flue-cured tobacco is used for fertilization, the base fertilizer special for the flue-cured tobacco and the biochar preservative are uniformly mixed and then are applied in a strip mode or a hole mode, the base fertilizer special for the flue-cured tobacco and the preservative are uniformly mixed and then are applied according to a conventional method, in the fertilization process, the application amount of the base fertilizer special for the flue-cured tobacco is reduced by 35% according to the local conventional application amount, and the application amount of the biochar preservative is 250kg per hectare;
when flue-cured tobacco topdressing and fertilizing are carried out, the special water-soluble root fertilizer is used for replacing the conventional topdressing, the application is carried out for 3 times, and the specific steps of the application for 3 times are as follows: the 1 st fertilization is on the transplanting day, the special water-soluble root fertilization formula 1 is diluted by 60-100 times and used as root fixing water for irrigating tobacco seedlings; the 2 nd fertilization is 15-20 days after transplanting, namely when well sealing and soil filling are carried out, the special water-soluble root fertilization formula 2 is diluted by 4.5 times, a fertilization gun is used for being vertically inserted into a ridge body for 15cm at the longest leaf tip on the ridge, and then fertilizer water is injected into the ridge body; and the 3 rd fertilization is a rooting stage 35-40 days after transplanting. Diluting the special water-soluble root fertilization formula 3 by 5 times, vertically inserting a fertilization gun into the ridge body by 10cm at the longest leaf tip on the ridge, and injecting fertilizer water into the ridge body.
The special water-soluble root fertilizer formula 1, the special water-soluble root fertilizer formula 2 and the special water-soluble root fertilizer formula 3 are directly purchased in the market, and the formula weight ratio of the special water-soluble root fertilizer formula 1 is N: P205:K2O22: 14: 10; the formula weight ratio of the special water-soluble root fertilizer formula 2 is N: P205:K2O-14: 19: 20; special water-soluble root applicatorThe formula weight ratio of the fertilizer formula 3 is N: P205:K2O＝10:2:37。
In the flue-cured tobacco top dressing and fertilizing process, the application amount of the special water-soluble root fertilizer formula 1 used in the 1 st fertilization is 38kg per hectare; the application amount of the special water-soluble root fertilization formula 2 used in the fertilization of the 2 nd time is 140kg per hectare; the application amount of the special water-soluble root fertilization formula 3 used in the fertilization 3 is 190kg per hectare.
Experimental examples
In order to further illustrate and verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the technical scheme provided by the invention, in the embodiment, the fertilization method provided by the invention is compared with conventional fertilization and single water-soluble root fertilization for a long time experiment:
the conventional fertilization comprises the following steps: special base fertilizer (N: P) for tobacco2O5:K2O12: 12:24)41.7 kg/mu, applying in strip or hole, applying topdressing 30 days after planting, and topdressing (N: P)2O5:K2O10: 0:30)20 kg/mu, dry-applying;
the water-soluble root fertilizer is matched with the biochar livestock-keeping agent as follows: special base fertilizer (N: P) for tobacco2O5:K2O12: 12:24)25 kg/mu + 20 kg/mu of charcoal, and after the two are fully mixed, strip application or hole application is carried out; and the top dressing stage comprises 3 times of top dressing: topdressing for the first time, on the transplanting day, 2.5 kg/mu of formula 1(N: P205: K2O: 22:14: 10); topdressing for the second time, 15-20 days after planting, 11.5 kg/mu of formula 2(N: P205: K2O ═ 14:19: 20); and (3) topdressing for the third time, wherein the formula 3(N: P205: K2O: 10:2:37) is 12 kg/mu 35-40 days after planting.
The specific results are as follows:
as shown in figure 1, after the biochar is used as a storage agent to be matched with water-soluble root fertilization, the content of alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen in soil is increased by 4.6 percent compared with the water-soluble root fertilization, and the effect is approximately equivalent to that of the conventional additional fertilization;
as shown in fig. 2, the content of available phosphorus in soil is slightly higher than that of water-soluble root fertilizer in 40-100 days of flue-cured tobacco transplanting, and is obviously higher than that of conventional topdressing;
as shown in figure 3, the content of the soil quick-acting potassium is higher than that of the water-soluble root fertilizer and the conventional additional fertilizer.
As shown in the following table 1, in the economic character of flue-cured tobacco, the yield and the output value of the flue-cured tobacco can be improved by adopting biochar as a storage agent and matching with water-soluble root fertilizer, and the yield and the output value are respectively improved by 4.7 percent and 12.0 percent compared with the water-soluble root fertilizer;
as shown in the following table 2, on the quality and characters of the flue-cured tobacco leaves, the middle tobacco leaves adopting the biochar as the storage agent matched with the water-soluble root fertilizer have the best coordination among chemical components, the chemical component coordination score is as high as 91.6-91.8, the effect is equivalent to that of the conventional topdressing, and the improvement is 6% compared with the water-soluble root fertilizer.
TABLE 1 influence of biochar storage-protecting agent matched with water-soluble root fertilizer on economic character of flue-cured tobacco
Note: the same letter represents no significant difference, and different letters represent significant difference (P <0.05)
TABLE 2 influence of biochar storage-protecting agent matched with water-soluble root fertilizer on main chemical components of tobacco leaves
The above-mentioned embodiments only express the specific embodiments of the present application, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the present application. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, without departing from the technical idea of the present application, several changes and modifications can be made, which are all within the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. A flue-cured tobacco fertilization method of a water-soluble root fertilization technology matched with a storage-protecting agent is characterized by comprising the following steps: when the base fertilizer for the flue-cured tobacco is applied, the base fertilizer special for the flue-cured tobacco and the storage agent are uniformly mixed and then are applied in a strip mode or a hole mode, the base fertilizer special for the flue-cured tobacco and the storage agent are uniformly mixed and then are applied according to a conventional method, and the storage agent is a charcoal storage agent; when the flue-cured tobacco is subjected to additional fertilization, the special water-soluble root fertilizer is used for replacing the conventional additional fertilization and is applied for 3 times.
2. The flue-cured tobacco fertilization method matched with the storage-protecting agent for the water-soluble root fertilization technology according to claim 1, wherein the steps of applying the fertilizer for top dressing of the flue-cured tobacco for 3 times are as follows: the 1 st fertilization is on the transplanting day, the special water-soluble root fertilization formula 1 is diluted by 60-100 times and used as root fixing water for irrigating tobacco seedlings; the 2 nd fertilization is 15-20 days after transplanting, namely when well sealing and soil filling are carried out, the special water-soluble root fertilization formula 2 is diluted by 4.5 times, a fertilization gun is used for being vertically inserted into a ridge body for 15cm at the longest leaf tip on the ridge, and then fertilizer water is injected into the ridge body; and the 3 rd fertilization is a rooting stage 35-40 days after transplanting. Diluting the special water-soluble root fertilization formula 3 by 5 times, vertically inserting a fertilization gun into the ridge body by 10cm at the longest leaf tip on the ridge, and injecting fertilizer water into the ridge body.
3. The method for fertilizing the cured tobacco matched with the storage-protecting agent in the water-soluble root fertilization technology as claimed in claim 2, wherein the application amount of the special water-soluble root fertilization formula 1 used in the 1 st fertilization is 36-38 kg per hectare, and the formula weight ratio of the special water-soluble root fertilization formula 1 is N: P205:K2O＝22:14:10。
4. The method for fertilizing flue-cured tobacco with a water-soluble root fertilization technology matched with a storage-protecting agent according to claim 3, wherein the application rate of the special water-soluble root fertilization formula 1 is 37.5kg per hectare.
5. The flue-cured tobacco fertilization method using the water-soluble root fertilization technology matched storage agent as claimed in claim 2, wherein the application amount of the special water-soluble root fertilization formula 2 used in the 2 nd fertilization is 130-140 kg per hectare, and the formula weight ratio of the special water-soluble root fertilization formula 2 is N: P205:K2O＝14:19:20。
6. The method for fertilizing flue-cured tobacco with a water-soluble root fertilization technology matched with a storage-protecting agent as claimed in claim 5, wherein the application rate of the special water-soluble root fertilization formula 2 is 135kg per hectare.
7. The flue-cured tobacco fertilization method using the water-soluble root fertilization technology matched storage agent as claimed in claim 2, wherein the application amount of the special water-soluble root fertilization formula 3 used in the 3 rd fertilization is 180-190 kg per hectare, and the formula weight ratio of the special water-soluble root fertilization formula 3 is N: P205:K2O＝10:2:37。
8. The method for fertilizing flue-cured tobacco with water-soluble root fertilization technology matched with the storage agent as claimed in claim 7, wherein the application rate of the special water-soluble root fertilization formula 3 is preferably 187.5kg per hectare.
9. The method for fertilizing the cured tobacco matched with the heat preservation agent by the water-soluble root fertilization technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein the application amount of the special base fertilizer for the cured tobacco is reduced by 25-35% according to the local conventional application amount, and the application amount of the biochar heat preservation agent is 250-350 kg per hectare.
10. The method for fertilizing flue-cured tobacco with a water-soluble root fertilization technology matched with a conserving agent, as claimed in claim 9, wherein the application rate of the biochar conserving agent is 300kg per hectare.
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Application publication date: 20210709 |