CN112225601A - Carbon-based compound fertilizer and rod fertilizer as well as preparation methods and application thereof - Google Patents
Carbon-based compound fertilizer and rod fertilizer as well as preparation methods and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112225601A CN112225601A CN202011115253.5A CN202011115253A CN112225601A CN 112225601 A CN112225601 A CN 112225601A CN 202011115253 A CN202011115253 A CN 202011115253A CN 112225601 A CN112225601 A CN 112225601A
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- fertilizer
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- tobacco
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/45—Tobacco
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/40—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting fertiliser dosage or release rate; for affecting solubility
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
Abstract
The invention discloses a carbon-based compound fertilizer, a rod fertilizer, a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the carbon-based compound fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 19.5 to 21.5 percent of ammonium nitrate phosphorus, 17.0 to 18.0 percent of monoammonium phosphate, 3.0 to 4.0 percent of potassium nitrate, 37.0 to 39.0 percent of potassium sulfate, 1.5 to 2.5 percent of potassium chloride, 0.8 to 1.2 percent of borax, 7.0 to 8.0 percent of biochar, 7.0 to 8.0 percent of water-retaining agent, 2.0 to 3.0 percent of filling material and 0.01 to 0.03 percent of magnesium chloride. The invention can solve various problems caused by low potassium content in tobacco leaves and excessive nitrogen application amount in the conventional base fertilizer special for tobacco.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a carbon-based compound fertilizer, a rod fertilizer, a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of fertilizers for tobacco seedling cultivation.
Background
Tobacco is a leaf economic crop, and the quality of tobacco leaves is an important index for measuring the production of tobacco. The tobacco leaves with good quality are moderate in hypertrophy, rich in dry matter content, sufficient in oil content after being baked, orange in color, strong in fragrance, good in combustibility and light in ash, but the tobacco planting has high requirements for soil and nutrition.
The current planting mode of tobacco is as follows: firstly, raising seedlings in a seedling raising greenhouse, after the tobacco seedlings grow to have stems 3-4cm high and 5 main leaves, applying special tobacco base fertilizer in strips on the tobacco field, ridging, digging well cellar holes, then throwing the tobacco seedlings into the holes, and applying 100 plus 150ml of rooting water to each seedling during transplanting. The special tobacco base fertilizer applied in strips is mainly an inorganic chemical fertilizer and comprises the components of ammonium phosphate, monoammonium phosphate, potassium nitrate, potassium sulfate, potassium chloride, additive materials and the like.
Through mass production practices of the applicant, the following problems exist in the conventional base fertilizer specially used for tobacco strip application:
1. the potassium content is low. Potassium can promote the synthesis and accumulation of substances related to quality, such as saccharides, aromatics and the like in tobacco leaves, so that the aroma quality and the aroma quantity of flue-cured tobacco are influenced; the potassium is related to the combustion of tobacco leaves, the tobacco leaves with high potassium content have better combustibility and smoldering fire-holding power, the combustion temperature of the tobacco leaves is low, the harmful substances are favorably reduced, and the quality and the safety of tobacco products are improved. The potassium content of tobacco leaves of America and Zimbabwe is more than 4-6%, while the potassium content of tobacco leaves in China is lower, the average potassium content of tobacco leaves in China is only 1-2%, particularly the potassium content of upper tobacco leaves is lower, and the lower potassium content is an important factor for limiting the improvement of the quality of tobacco leaves in China.
2. The nitrogen is applied in excessive amount. Nitrogen is an important component of nicotine, and nitrogen application has a larger effect on the increase of nicotine content than other nutrient elements, so that nitrogen is the most important element for influencing the growth and development of tobacco plants and the quality of tobacco leaves. However, the requirement of tobacco on nitrogen fertilizer is particularly strict, the use amount of the nitrogen fertilizer directly influences the yield and quality of tobacco leaves, and the excessive use of the nitrogen fertilizer brings pollution risk to tobacco planting soil. Too much nitrogen application can result in too high nicotine and total nitrogen content in tobacco leaves, and can result in the quality degradation of tobacco planting soil, the internal quality of the tobacco leaves is continuously reduced, and the industrial availability is poor. And one of effective ways for solving the problems of soil environment degradation, tobacco leaf quality reduction and the like is to properly reduce the dosage of the nitrogen fertilizer. However, reducing the amount of nitrogen fertilizer is likely to cause the yield reduction of tobacco leaves and affect the economic benefit of tobacco growers.
3. The transplantation is not timely. When the tobacco seedlings are transplanted, the tobacco seedlings are suitable for transplanting only a few days due to soil moisture, for example, in the southwest part of the area, if a base fertilizer strip application mode is adopted, the base fertilizer strip application is needed before transplanting, then the tobacco seedlings can be transplanted in a ridging mode, and the normal transplanting time of the tobacco seedlings can be influenced by complicated processes.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the above, the invention provides a carbon-based compound fertilizer, a rod fertilizer, a preparation method and an application thereof, and aims to solve various problems caused by low potassium content in tobacco leaves and excessive nitrogen application amount due to application of the conventional special base fertilizer for tobacco.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
in a first aspect, the invention provides a carbon-based compound fertilizer, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 19.5 to 21.5 percent of ammonium nitrate phosphorus, 17.0 to 18.0 percent of monoammonium phosphate, 3.0 to 4.0 percent of potassium nitrate, 37.0 to 39.0 percent of potassium sulfate, 1.5 to 2.5 percent of potassium chloride, 0.8 to 1.2 percent of borax, 7.0 to 8.0 percent of biochar, 7.0 to 8.0 percent of water-retaining agent, 2.0 to 3.0 percent of filling material and 0.01 to 0.03 percent of magnesium chloride.
Optionally, the weight ratio of the components is as follows: 20.5 parts of ammonium nitrate phosphorus, 17.5 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 4.0 parts of potassium nitrate, 37.0 parts of potassium sulfate, 2.5 parts of potassium chloride, 0.98 part of borax, 7.5 parts of biochar, 7.5 parts of water-retaining agent, 2.5 parts of filler and 0.02 part of magnesium chloride.
Optionally, the biochar is plant straw biochar.
Optionally, the water-retaining agent is polyacrylamide.
Optionally, the filler comprises a binder.
In a second aspect, the invention provides a rod fertilizer, which is prepared from the carbon-based compound fertilizer.
In a third aspect, the invention provides a method for preparing the rod fertilizer, which comprises the steps of mixing the water-retaining agent and other raw materials in proportion, and then carrying out extrusion forming, wherein the other raw materials are all in powder form.
In a fourth aspect, the invention provides an application of the rod fertilizer in tobacco growth, wherein the rod fertilizer is inserted into soil around tobacco plants after the tobacco plants are transplanted on tobacco ridges without base fertilizer.
Optionally, the rod fertilizer is applied to at least both sides of the tobacco plant, and the total application rate per tobacco plant does not exceed 50 g.
Optionally, the distance between the rod fertilizer and the tobacco plant is 5-10 cm.
The technical principle of the invention is as follows: the invention adds the water-retaining agent and the biochar on the basis of the special base fertilizer for the tobacco, and the water-retaining agent has two functions after analysis: one is that the fertilizer can be fixed in a certain range to avoid the loss of the fertilizer; the other is that it can play the role of slow release fertilizer. The biochar can improve the soil structure and regulate acid soil. On the whole, compared with the application of the traditional special compound fertilizer for tobacco, the carbon-based compound fertilizer formed by adding the water-retaining agent and the biochar on the basis of the traditional special compound fertilizer for tobacco has the following advantages:
1. the quality improvement and the efficiency improvement are obvious.
After the carbon-based compound fertilizer is applied, the roasted tobacco leaves have bright color, increased oil content, enhanced soft and moist feeling, even ratio of potassium content of the tobacco leaves can be increased to more than 10 percent, and the comprehensive quality of the tobacco leaves is obviously improved.
2. Significant fertilizer saving and cost reduction
The charcoal-based compound fertilizer can improve the utilization and comprehensive distribution of soil nutrient elements due to the addition of the biochar and the water-retaining agent in the inorganic fertilizer; the larger specific surface area of the carbon-based compound fertilizer provides a storage space for nutrient adsorption and microbial communities, and adsorbed nutrient elements can be directly absorbed and utilized by root systems, so that the utilization rate of nitrogen is improved. The results of the demonstration in the whole province in recent years show that the amount of pure nitrogen applied by the carbon-based compound fertilizer is reduced by 5-10% compared with the amount of pure nitrogen applied by the special base fertilizer for tobacco.
3. Reduce the nicotine content.
Can effectively reduce the low nicotine content and increase the inherent chemical coordination of the tobacco leaves.
4. Grabbing the transplanting time.
When the tobacco seedling results in the transplanting time short because of the soil moisture content is improper, can adopt this charcoal base compound thoughtlessly fertile rod of making into to carry out the rod and execute, compare traditional strip mode of execution, can grab the transplanting time soon, guarantee to transplant the completion fast in the finite time.
In addition, the biochar adopts plant straw biochar, such as tobacco stem biochar, can be prepared into the carbon-based compound fertilizer by locally carbonizing the plant straw biochar in a tobacco field, so that tobacco stem waste is reasonably treated, environmental pollution and transportation cost caused by direct burning, stacking decomposition or transportation out of a tobacco field are avoided, a soil organic matter carbon reservoir is increased, the fertility of the tobacco field is improved, the environmental pollution risk is reduced, and the method is an effective way for sustainable management of soil.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following embodiments in order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the invention more comprehensible. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein, but rather should be construed as broadly as the present invention is capable of modification in various respects, all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
Example 1
The carbon-based compound fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20.5 parts of ammonium nitrate phosphorus, 17.5 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 4.0 parts of potassium nitrate, 37.0 parts of potassium sulfate, 2.5 parts of potassium chloride, 0.98 part of borax, 7.5 parts of tobacco stem biochar, 7.5 parts of polyacrylamide, 2.5 parts of filler and 0.02 part of magnesium chloride.
Example 2
The carbon-based compound fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 21.5 parts of ammonium nitrate phosphorus, 17.0 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 3.0 parts of potassium nitrate, 38.5 parts of potassium sulfate, 2.0 parts of potassium chloride, 0.98 part of borax, 7.5 parts of tobacco stem biochar, 7.5 parts of polyacrylamide, 2.0 parts of filler and 0.02 part of magnesium chloride.
Example 3
The carbon-based compound fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 19.5 parts of ammonium nitrate phosphorus, 18.5 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 3.5 parts of potassium nitrate, 38.5 parts of potassium sulfate, 2.0 parts of potassium chloride, 0.98 part of borax, 7.5 parts of tobacco stem biochar, 7.5 parts of polyacrylamide, 2.0 parts of filler and 0.02 part of magnesium chloride.
Example 4
The rod fertilizer is prepared from the carbon-based compound fertilizer in the embodiment 2.
Example 5
The preparation process of the bar fertilizer comprises the following steps: the water-retaining agent and the other raw materials are mixed in proportion and then extruded and molded, wherein the other raw materials are the residual raw materials except the water-retaining agent in the carbon-based compound fertilizer formula, the other raw materials are all in powder shape, and the extrusion molding equipment can be an extrusion molding machine.
Design experiment 1:
the conventional special base fertilizer for tobacco application is used as a control (50 kg/mu, 5.0 kg/mu of pure nitrogen), and 3 carbon-based compound fertilizers in the embodiments 1 to 3 are respectively used as base fertilizers (50 kg/mu, about 4.5 kg/mu of pure nitrogen). The nutrient ratio of the root-fixing fertilizer to the top dressing fertilizer is N: P: K ═ 10: 0: 30, and the root-fixing fertilizer and the top dressing fertilizer are respectively applied to 2.0 kg/mu and 13.0 kg/mu. And (5) carrying out a fertilizer comparison test.
TABLE 1 comparison of the results of chemical composition measurements of tobacco leaves in the middle part
TABLE 2 comparison of sensory evaluation results of tobacco leaves in the middle part
As can be seen from tables 1-2, examples 1 to 3 compared with the control group can effectively reduce the low nicotine content, improve the potassium content by 10-20%, reduce the nitrogen consumption, and effectively improve the sensory evaluation quality.
Design experiment 2:
planting test sites: two planting fields of 1 mu are divided in a test base of a Guizhou Fuquan tobacco department institution. The planting field needs no root and stem diseases, concentrated connection of pieces, flat topography, convenient irrigation and drainage, moderate and basically consistent soil fertility.
The planting test method comprises the following steps: the carbon-based compound fertilizer prepared in example 2 is used as a base fertilizer for one planting field and is applied in a strip mode according to a conventional mode. And the other planting field directly adopts the rod fertilizer prepared in the embodiment 4, after the tobacco plants are transplanted on tobacco ridges without base fertilizer, two rod fertilizers are inserted into the soil on two sides of the tobacco plants, the distance between the rod fertilizers and the corresponding tobacco plants is 5-10cm, the length of the rod fertilizer is 6cm, the diameter of the rod fertilizer is 3.5cm, the insertion depth of the rod fertilizer is 8-10cm, the rod fertilizer is covered with soil after being inserted into the soil, and the total application amount of each tobacco plant is not more than 50 g. The dosage and application mode of the other seedling-extracting fertilizers and additional fertilizers are kept consistent.
The growth conditions of the tobacco plants in the two planting fields are observed, and the tobacco plants adopting the rod fertilizer have better growth vigor after being transplanted than the tobacco plants adopting the strip fertilization, and the analysis reasons are as follows: the fertilizer is arranged below the root system of the tobacco plant during strip application, and the root system close to the bottom of the tobacco plant of the fertilizer after transplanting has weak fertilizer absorbing capacity; and when the fertilizer is applied on the rods, the fertilizer is arranged around the tobacco plants, the length of the secondary root systems of the tobacco plants is about 10-15cm, and the rod fertilizer is just in the range of the secondary root systems, so that the requirement of the transplanted tobacco seedlings on the fertilizer can be ensured.
In addition, because when the tobacco seedlings are transplanted, the tobacco seedlings are suitable for transplanting only for a few days sometimes due to soil moisture, the rod application mode is adopted, namely the transplanting is carried out firstly, and then the fertilizer application mode is adopted, so that compared with the traditional strip application mode, the transplanting time can be grabbed, and the transplanting can be rapidly completed within a limited time.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The carbon-based compound fertilizer is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 19.5 to 21.5 percent of ammonium nitrate phosphorus, 17.0 to 18.0 percent of monoammonium phosphate, 3.0 to 4.0 percent of potassium nitrate, 37.0 to 39.0 percent of potassium sulfate, 1.5 to 2.5 percent of potassium chloride, 0.8 to 1.2 percent of borax, 7.0 to 8.0 percent of biochar, 7.0 to 8.0 percent of water-retaining agent, 2.0 to 3.0 percent of filling material and 0.01 to 0.03 percent of magnesium chloride.
2. The carbon-based compound fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, which is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 20.5 parts of ammonium nitrate phosphorus, 17.5 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 4.0 parts of potassium nitrate, 37.0 parts of potassium sulfate, 2.5 parts of potassium chloride, 0.98 part of borax, 7.5 parts of biochar, 7.5 parts of water-retaining agent, 2.5 parts of filler and 0.02 part of magnesium chloride.
3. The carbon-based compound fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the biochar is plant straw biochar.
4. The carbon-based compound fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the water-retaining agent is polyacrylamide.
5. The carbon-based compound fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the filler comprises a binder.
6. A rod fertilizer characterized in that the rod fertilizer is prepared from the carbon-based compound fertilizer as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5.
7. A method for preparing the rod fertilizer as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that the water-retaining agent and the other raw materials are mixed according to a certain proportion and then extruded to form the rod fertilizer, wherein the other raw materials are all in powder form.
8. The use of a rod fertilizer in the growth of tobacco according to claim 6, wherein the rod fertilizer is inserted into the soil surrounding the tobacco plant after the tobacco plant is transplanted onto the ridge without base fertilizer.
9. The use of claim 8, wherein the rod fertilizer is applied to at least both sides of the tobacco plant and the total application rate per tobacco plant does not exceed 50 g.
10. The use of claim 8, wherein the distance between the rod and the tobacco plant is 5-10 cm.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202011115253.5A CN112225601A (en) | 2020-10-19 | 2020-10-19 | Carbon-based compound fertilizer and rod fertilizer as well as preparation methods and application thereof |
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| CN202011115253.5A CN112225601A (en) | 2020-10-19 | 2020-10-19 | Carbon-based compound fertilizer and rod fertilizer as well as preparation methods and application thereof |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113079782A (en) * | 2021-02-26 | 2021-07-09 | 贵州省烟草公司毕节市公司 | Flue-cured tobacco fertilization method of water-soluble root fertilization technology matched with storage-protecting agent |
| CN113582782A (en) * | 2021-08-13 | 2021-11-02 | 贵州省烟草科学研究院 | Segmented-absorption fully-degradable coated rod fertilizer for cigarettes and preparation method thereof |
| CN113880633A (en) * | 2021-09-09 | 2022-01-04 | 贵州省烟草公司毕节市公司 | Special carbon-based compound fertilizer for tobacco and one-time application method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20210115 |