CN106471982A - Take into account soil quality and improve the tobacco cultivation fertilizing method improving with quality of tobacco - Google Patents
Take into account soil quality and improve the tobacco cultivation fertilizing method improving with quality of tobacco Download PDFInfo
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- CN106471982A CN106471982A CN201610859503.3A CN201610859503A CN106471982A CN 106471982 A CN106471982 A CN 106471982A CN 201610859503 A CN201610859503 A CN 201610859503A CN 106471982 A CN106471982 A CN 106471982A
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Abstract
The invention belongs to tobacco planting technical field, more particularly, to take into account the tobacco cultivation fertilizing method of soil quality and quality of tobacco, i.e. before tobacco transplant, nitrogenous fertilizer, potash fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer are applied as base manure, spread manuer in holes bacteria agent 2～5/666.67 simultaneously, in 30 days after tobacco transplant, impose potash fertilizer, the amount of application of nitrogenous fertilizer is 3.8～4.0kg/666.67.The present invention, by coordinating fertilizer to be applied fertilizer using bacteria agent, can substantially reduce the amount of application of nitrogenous fertilizer, and can effectively improve smoke hallway, accelerate Nicotiana tabacum L. and fall Huang, improves quality of tobacco and the output value.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to tobacco planting technical field, more particularly, to a kind of soil quality of taking into account being applied to the Yellow River and Huai He River cigarette district changes
The kind tobacco cultivation fertilizing method improving with quality of tobacco.
Background technology
Quality of tobacco is affected by factors such as soil, kind, cultivation technique, weathers, because soil is in Agro-ecology
Play storage, release, conversion during system trophism element circular, adjust the important function such as nutrient, so edaphic condition
It is the basis of High Quality Tobacco system engineering, be the primary environment factor of impact quality of tobacco.At present, people are non-in fertilizer mostly
The increasing of quality and production potentiality of Nicotiana tabacum L. are excavated under conditions of often abundant；However, recently as chemical fertilizer a large amount of, irrational administration and
The reduction of combination of organic manure, result in the cigarette district vega such as the Yellow River and Huai He River and soil compaction, structural difference, a series of soil such as nutrient imbalance
Earth quality problems.People but ignore the decline of agricultural production efficiency while " high yield, high-quality " agricultural production realization of goal,
Cause Nicotiana tabacum L. rate of fertilizer to increase year by year, and yield and quality accordingly do not increase, fertilizer utilization efficiency is decreased obviously, and right
Agricultural environment has undesirable effect.For nitrogenous fertilizer, a large amount of applied nitrogens exceed the absorbability of crop and soil disappears for a long time
Receive, holding capabilities, not only fail to reach increasing of quality and production effect, so that nitrogen is residued in a large number among soil.And for vega
For, the nitrogen overwhelming majority of surplus is accumulated in the form of nitrate nitrogen in soil profile, holds very much when irrigating or concentrate rainfall
Easily cause drip washing to lose, enter subsoil water, threaten the health of the mankind.According to statistics, Henan Province's groundwater azotate pollution is serious, surpasses
Mark rate has reached more than 31%, and in agricultural production, the excess of nitrogenous fertilizer is applied is the main source of pollution.
Affected by soil types, Labile soil organic carbon and weather conditions, different soil types, different areas are fitted
Nicotiana tabacum L. fertilizers input amount and fertilizing method difference are very big.Thus research is in the important Nicotiana tabacum L. main producing region the Yellow River and Huai He River cigarette district of China
The contradiction how to be coordinated between quality of tobacco and ecological environmental protection by fertilising is particularly significant.But existing tobacco cultivation grinds
Study carefully and be concentrated mainly on the impact to yield and quality for the dose, fertilizer surplus in the impact of agricultural environment, and be directed to and have relatively
How the tobacco plants cultivation of high economic worth, take into account soil environment and improve and quality of tobacco and economic benefit, then urgently agriculture
Scientific worker carries out deep exploration and research.
Content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of soil quality of taking into account being applied to the Yellow River and Huai He River cigarette district improves and quality of tobacco raising
Tobacco cultivation fertilizing method, the present invention by using bacteria agent coordinate fertilizer applied fertilizer, nitrogenous fertilizer can be substantially reduced
Amount of application, and can effectively improve smoke hallway, improve quality of tobacco.
For solving above-mentioned technical problem, the technical solution used in the present invention is as follows：
Design a kind of takes into account soil quality improve with quality of tobacco improve tobacco cultivation fertilizing method, tobacco transplant it
Before, nitrogenous fertilizer, potash fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer are applied as base manure, bacteria agent 2～5/666.67 of simultaneously spreading manuer in holes, after tobacco transplant
In 30 days, impose potash fertilizer, the amount of application of nitrogenous fertilizer is 3.8～4.0kg/666.67.
Preferably, described nitrogenous fertilizer is applied respectively according to quality proportioning：Row replacement 70% and spread manuer in holes 30%.
Preferably, total amount of application of described phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer is less than 6.75kg/666.67 and 15.75kg/ respectively
666.67, wherein phosphate fertilizer row replacement, potash fertilizer is applied respectively according to quality proportioning：Spread manuer in holes 20% as base manure, as imposing drip irrigation
Apply 80%.
Preferably, the living bacteria count >=1.0 hundred million/g in described bacteria agent, including viscous broom is mould, trichoderma, spore bar
Bacterium, photosynthetic bacteria, actinomycetes, yeast, Trichoderma spp., aspergillosis, rotten bacterial strain, gel-shaped series bacillus or the bacillus subtilises such as mould
One or more of.
Preferably, the powdery biological bacteria that described bacteria agent produces for Zhongnong Lvkang (Beijing) Biotechnology Co., Ltd.
The cigarette that agent, the composite bacteria agent of Hebi Ren Yuan biotechnology company production, Shi Ke biotechnology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. produce
One of high-content phosphorus potassium microbial inoculum of the special agricultural composite bacteria agent of grass or the production of Hebei Ji Microbial Technics Ltd
Or several mixture.
Preferably, the biomass charcoal powder of base manure and bacteria agent and 200 mesh is according to mass ratio 2:Apply after 1 mixing.
Described bacteria agent before applying first with attapulgite powder by 1:2～8 mass ratio is applied after mixing.Attapulgite
For the nonmetallic clay mineral of sepiolite group, there is special fibre structure, there is good absorption property and sustained release performance, the present invention
Research shows that it is the good carrier of microorganism species, is conducive to Fast-propagation, the survival in soil of microorganism and persistently releases
Put.
The present invention compared with prior art, has the advantage that：
1) improved soil structure：The long-term investigation of inventor finds, in the Yellow River and Huai He River tobacco seed growing area, due to field for many years
Plantation flue-cured tobacco, and in cured tobacco production, fertilizer amount especially amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer is substantially higher, causes Nitrogen In Soils element accumulation
Seriously, the flue-cured tobacco later stage falls yellow difficulty, in, upper tobacco leaf nicotine higher, industrial applicability is poor.The present invention is by applying life to Nicotiana tabacum L.
Thing microbial inoculum, improves its rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils effect, can substantially increase antibacterial and quantity of actinomyces in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils
Amount, drives soil metabolism and biochemical reaction, promotes Nutrients circulation in soil, in plant-soil ecosystem
In, play vital activation, for example：Inorganic phosphorus bacteria and organic phosphobacteria mixing bacterial manure process to soil nutrient and
The impact effect of enzymatic activity is more apparent, and wax printing fabric mixes bacterial manure to soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, rapid available phosphorus and speed with pseudomonass
Effect potassium content amplification is larger；Base manure and bacteria agent mix administration before administration with biomass charcoal powder, and biomass carbon is that agricultural is useless
The carbonizing production of gurry (such as Pericarppium arachidis hypogaeae, tobacco rod, straw etc.), short texture porous, it is the good carrier of fertilizer, and can delay
Release fertilizer efficiency, and in tobacco growing phase effective supply nitrogenous fertilizer, the uptake characters to fertilizer " how always lacking less " for the corresponding tobacco growing, prevent
Nitrogenous fertilizer early supply is excessive, and mid-term need to be mended nitrogen again and be led to the Nicotiana tabacum L. of collection period to inhale the nitrogen excessively Huang that cannot normally fall, Er Qiesheng
Material powdered carbon environmentally safe, not only can adjust the architectural characteristic of soil, promote soil particle conglomeration and then break soil
Hardened state, is also used as the charcoal base source of biological bacteria or other microorganisms, supplements soil nutrient.
2) improve quality of tobacco：Nicotiana tabacum L. other economical crops of difference, the quality of Nicotiana tabacum L. embodies the perfume (or spice) after being its burning
The speciality such as tolerance, perfume, combustibility, whether the chemical composition that these both depend on Nicotiana tabacum L. is coordinated, and whether each constituent content closes
Reason.The present invention passes through to apply bacteria agent and suitable fertilising opportunity, not only decreases the amount of application of nitrogenous fertilizer, and improves soil
Organic, full nitrogen, content of tatal phosphorus and alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, rapid available phosphorus, quick-acting potassium content so that the effective nutrient in soil especially
Nitrogen supplying situation more conforms to the absorbing rule of cigarette strain growth, improves the chemical composition harmony of Nicotiana tabacum L., for example：Improve down
Portion's leaf total sugar content, reduces the total nitrogen content of inferior leads, middle leaf and upper leaf and improves the total of three position blades
Potassium content, improves the overall chemical harmony of Nicotiana tabacum L., optimizes the quality of Nicotiana tabacum L..
3) reduce tobacco flue-curing difficulty, improve the output value of Nicotiana tabacum L.：Nicotiana tabacum L. amount of nitrogen sucking declines, and its internal chemical composition is more
Coordinate, the Nicotiana tabacum L. after the harvesting of field more conforms to the demand of Nicotiana tabacum L. in prior art " three-stage " baking process, after tobacco flue-curing
Color and luster is partially yellow and variegated blue veins is few, and oil improves, and reduces blue veins cigarette, the quantity of miscellaneous cigarette, improves the average price of cured tobacco leaf
With in, first-class cigarette proportion, show, yield of tobacco improves 172～586kg/hm through the test of 5 years Succession Cropping of Flue _ cured Tobacco2, output value raising
8927～21357 yuan/hm2.
Brief description
Fig. 1 is the soil main available nutrient changing trend diagram under different disposal.
Specific embodiment
In order that the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention become more apparent, below in conjunction with specific embodiment, to this
Invention is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein is only in order to explain the present invention, not
For limiting the present invention.
Embodiment 1
Before tobacco transplant, will apply as the nitrogenous fertilizer of base manure, potash fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer cooperation bacteria agent, 30 after tobacco transplant
In a few days, imposed using potash fertilizer, wherein, amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer is not higher than 3.9kg/666.67, and nitrogenous fertilizer is according to quality proportioning respectively
Apply：Row replacement 70% and spread manuer in holes 30%；Total amount of application of phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer respectively be less than 6.75kg/666.67 and
15.75kg/666.67, wherein phosphate fertilizer row replacement, potash fertilizer is applied respectively according to quality proportioning：Spread manuer in holes 20%, conduct as base manure
Impose drip irrigation and apply 80%；Described bacteria agent spread manuer in holes (bacteria agent spread manuer in holes before first with attapulgite powder by 1:6 mass ratio mixes
Use after even), it is the special agricultural composite bacteria agent of Nicotiana tabacum L. that Shi Ke biotechnology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. produces, amount of application is
2.0kg/666.67, the biomass charcoal powder of base manure and bacteria agent and 200 mesh is according to mass ratio 2:Apply after 1 mixing.
Embodiment 2
Before tobacco transplant, will apply as the nitrogenous fertilizer of base manure, potash fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer cooperation bacteria agent, 30 after tobacco transplant
In a few days, imposed using potash fertilizer, wherein, amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer is not higher than 3.9kg/666.67, and nitrogenous fertilizer is according to quality proportioning respectively
Apply：Row replacement 70% and spread manuer in holes 30%；Total amount of application of phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer respectively be less than 6.75kg/666.67 and
15.75kg/666.67, wherein phosphate fertilizer row replacement, potash fertilizer is applied respectively according to quality proportioning：Spread manuer in holes 20%, conduct as base manure
Impose drip irrigation and apply 80%；Described bacteria agent is spreaded manuer in holes, and is the powdery that Zhongnong Lvkang (Beijing) Biotechnology Co., Ltd. produces
Bacteria agent, amount of application is 3.0kg/666.67, and the biomass charcoal powder of base manure and bacteria agent and 200 mesh is according to mass ratio 2:
Apply after 1 mixing.
Embodiment 3
Before tobacco transplant, will apply as the nitrogenous fertilizer of base manure, potash fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer cooperation bacteria agent, 30 after tobacco transplant
In a few days, imposed using potash fertilizer, wherein, amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer is not higher than 3.9kg/666.67, and nitrogenous fertilizer is according to quality proportioning respectively
Apply：Row replacement 70% and spread manuer in holes 30%；Total amount of application of phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer respectively be less than 6.75kg/666.67 and
15.75kg/666.67, wherein phosphate fertilizer row replacement, potash fertilizer is applied respectively according to quality proportioning：Spread manuer in holes 20%, conduct as base manure
Impose drip irrigation and apply 80%；Described bacteria agent is spreaded manuer in holes, and is the composite bacteria agent that Hebi Ren Yuan biotechnology company produces, applies
Consumption is 5.0kg/666.67, and the biomass charcoal powder of base manure and bacteria agent and 200 mesh is according to mass ratio 2:Apply after 1 mixing
With.
Embodiment 4
Before tobacco transplant, will apply as the nitrogenous fertilizer of base manure, potash fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer cooperation bacteria agent, 30 after tobacco transplant
In a few days, imposed using potash fertilizer, wherein, amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer is not higher than 3.9kg/666.67, and nitrogenous fertilizer is according to quality proportioning respectively
Apply：Row replacement 70% and spread manuer in holes 30%；Total amount of application of phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer respectively be less than 6.75kg/666.67 and
15.75kg/666.67, wherein phosphate fertilizer row replacement, potash fertilizer is applied respectively according to quality proportioning：Spread manuer in holes 20%, conduct as base manure
Impose drip irrigation and apply 80%；Described bacteria agent is spreaded manuer in holes, and is the high-content phosphorus potassium that Hebei Ji Microbial Technics Ltd produces
Microbial inoculum, amount of application is 2.0kg/666.67, and the biomass charcoal powder of base manure and bacteria agent and 200 mesh is according to mass ratio 2:1 mixes
Apply after conjunction.
Embodiment 5 contrast test and interpretation of result
1 material and method
1.1 test material
Test and carried out in Henan Province Queshan County Zhu Gou town great Li He village in 2015, test flue-cured tobacco cultivars are " cloud and mist 87 ",
Experimental field fertility uniformity, physical features is flat, and irrigation and drainage are convenient, for examination soil plough horizon basis physicochemical character is：PH value 7.4, organic
Matter 13.8g/kg, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen 95.3mg/kg, rapid available phosphorus 18mg/kg, available potassium 131.7mg/kg.Test preceding crop is Nicotiana tabacum L..
For examination fertilizer it is：MAP is (containing N10%wt, P2O545%wt), ammonium nitrate phosphorus is (containing N32%wt, P2O54%wt), potassium sulfate
(containing K2O50%wt), each bacteria agent manufacturer and technical parameter such as table 1.
Table 1 bacteria agent product technology parameter
1.2 EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN
Test sets 5 process, is respectively：T1, comparison, conventional fertilizer application, do not apply bacteria agent；T2, using described in embodiment 1
Technical scheme, i.e. bacteria agent 2.0kg/666.67+conventional fertilizer application and nitrogen consumption minimizing 15%；T3, using described in embodiment 2
Technical scheme, i.e. bacteria agent 3.0kg/666.67+conventional fertilizer application and nitrogen consumption minimizing 15%；T4, using described in embodiment 3
Technical scheme, i.e. bacteria agent 5.0kg/666.67+conventional fertilizer application nitrogen consumption minimizing 15%；T5, using skill described in embodiment 4
Art scheme, i.e. bacteria agent 2.0kg/666.67+conventional fertilizer application and nitrogen consumption minimizing 15%；
The Nitrogen of described conventional fertilizer application, phosphorus, potassium application rate are respectively N 4.5kg/666.67, P2O56.75kg/
666.67㎡、K2O 15.75kg/666.67, calculates to the concrete fertilizer amount that T1-T4 is processed according to EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN,
Wherein nitrogenous fertilizer 70% row replacement, 30% spread manuer in holes, the whole row replacement of phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer 20% is spreaded manuer in holes, 80% imposes and (imposes at twice, in cigarette
Grass is transplanted in 30 days in the future and is completed).And during T1 is processed, base manure is applied at the method imposing with potash fertilizer and consumption and T2-T4
Reason is identical, and the nitrogenous fertilizer applied compared with T2-T4 is transplanted in cigarette strain and imposed for latter 25 days more.
Randomized block design is taken in test, if 3 repetitions, each plot area 72m2, test tobacco seedlings want growing way healthy and strong,
Uniform in size consistent, transplanting will complete on the same day, and bacteria agent is spreaded manuer in holes.Test August adopts roasting end on the 13rd.Other every fields
Production management's measure unification is carried out by local standardization measure.
1.3 measure project and data analysiss
1.3.1 soil fertility measures
Take each process topsoil 0-20cm soil-like in group phase of tobacco growth, prosperous long-term, dome phase and period of maturation respectively
Product, analysis measures organic matter, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphoruss, quick-acting potassium content.
1.3.2 soil microorganism measures
Peel off partition method collection each process rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils sample in prosperous long-term employing, native cigarette strain taking-up will be carried,
Gently shake, stick to soil on root system as rhizosphere soil sample, each processes the pedotheque taking 3 plants of cigarettes.Soil is micro-
Biological plating method of pressing measures.
1.3.3 economic characters
Each cell individually counts product, and according to flue-cured tobacco grade scale, cured tobacco leaf is classified, determine the yield of flue-cured tobacco, the output value,
Average price, first-class cigarette ratio.
1.3.4 chemical composition
Inferior leads (X2F), middle leaf (C3F) and upper leaf (B2F) is taken to be used for measuring total sugar, reduction after each process baking
The chemical compositions such as sugar, total nitrogen, nicotine, potassium and chlorine.
1.3.5 the economical character of cigarette strain
5 plants of the representational cigarette strain of each cell selection is listed to mark, respectively 35,60d record plant height, stem after transplanting
Enclose, the number of blade, the maximum economical character such as leaf length and width
1.3.6 the mensure of photosynthetic parameters
Leaf area=blade length × blade width × leaf area index, leaf area index presses 0.6345 usual calculating.?
35 after transplanting, 45,60d SPAD-502 Chlorophyll meter measure respectively the cigarette strain inverse phyllopodium of the 5th functional leaf, Ye Zhong,
The SPAD value at 3 positions of blade tip.Photosynthetic parameters are measured using the photosynthetic instrument of Li-6400.50d after transplanting, selects sunny nothing
The weather of wind is in 9:30—11:00 mensure carrying out photosynthetic parameters.Respectively measure Net Photosynthetic Rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate,
Intercellular CO2Concentration.
2 results and analysis
The impact to soil fertility for 2.1 different disposal
The soil organism is the material base of soil fertility, and its content height affects physics, chemical property and the fertilizer of soil
Power level.From Fig. 1-A, apply bacteria agent and process soil organic matter content in cigarette strain growth each period obviously higher than right
According to processing T1, group's phase, prosperous long-term, dome phase and period of maturation, increasing degree was respectively：1.10～1.54g/kg, 0.66～
1.60g/kg, 1.78～3.17g/kg and 0.94～2.31g/kg, illustrate that applying suitable and appropriate bacteria agent can improve soil
The content of organic matter in earth.Each administration between bacteria agent is processed is compared, and at group's phase, other periods are all organic to process T4 soil
Matter content highest.
Fig. 1-B is shown in the change of different disposal Soil available nitrogen content.In whole period of duration, in addition to processing T5, other process soil
The quick-acting nitrogen content of earth is all on a declining curve.Each process is compared, with quick-acting nitrogen contents in each period of duration soil for control treatment T1
Significantly higher, this is higher with the nitrogen consumption that it is applied relevant.Each administration between bacteria agent is processed is compared, in group's phase and prosperous length
Phase, higher to process T2 and process T4 Soil available nitrogen content, then relatively low to process T4 and process T2 in the period of maturation, in soil
Nitrogen supplying situation more conforms to cigarette strain to Nitrogen Absorption Accumulation.
Can be seen that in addition to processing T5 from Fig. 1-C, on a declining curve in whole period of duration content of soil available phosphor.With right
Compare according to processing T1, apply bacteria agent and process significantly improving content of soil available phosphor, group's phase, prosperous long-term, the dome phase and
Period of maturation, increasing degree was respectively：3.3～23.3mg/kg, 1.4～18.2mg/kg, 0.7～11.8mg/kg and 4.5～
8.0mg/kg.Each administration between bacteria agent is processed is compared, and each period of duration is all to process T4 content of soil available phosphor highest, prosperous long-term
Afterwards, process T2 available phosphorus contents and slightly less than process T4, but process T3 apparently higher than two other and process T5.
Different disposal Soil Available potassium content dynamic change is shown in Fig. 1-D.As can be seen that compared with control treatment T1, applying
Bacteria agent processes the content all improving soil effective K in each period of duration, and group's phase, prosperous long-term, dome phase and period of maturation divide
Other increasing degree is：8.8～20.1mg/kg, 8.8～82.7mg/kg, 13.1～59.7mg/kg and 16.6～51.7mg/kg.
Each administration between bacteria agent is processed is compared, and to process T2 Soil Available potassium content highest, reaches 215.9mg/kg for a long time prosperous,
Dome phase and period of maturation, each soil available nitrogen content order from high to low that processes is：Process T4 ＞ and process T5 ＞ process T2 ＞
Process T3 ＞ and process T1.
The impact to soil microorganism for 2.2 different disposal
Soil microorganism is the key component of soil, drives soil metabolism and biochemical reaction, with soil
The conversion supply of nutrient is closely related.2 are shown in Table to different disposal rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils microbiological analysiss.From the micro- life of each process
From the point of view of thing quantity, general performance is bacterial number ＞ Population of Actinomycetes ＞ fungi, and each process Rhizosphere Soil micro organism quantity is equal
More than Non-rhizosphere soil.From bacterial number, in terms of Rhizosphere Soil result, compared with control treatment T1, apply bacteria agent energy
Increase bacterial number in soil, Rhizosphere Soil increasing degree 0.06 × 107～0.40 × 107, it is processing T2 highest, reach 0.72 ×
107Individual, Non-rhizosphere soil increases by 0.03 × 107～0.13 × 107.Analyze from fungi, different disposal non-rhizosphere soils phase
In addition to processing T3, other administration bacteria agents process soil fungi quantity compared with the control all certain increase, different disposal to ratio
Rhizosphere soil is compared, and in addition to processing T5, compared with the control, fungi all has certain reduction.From actinomycetes interpretation of result, apply
Bacteria agent significantly improves actinomycetic quantity in soil, and rhizosphere soil improves 0.11 × 106～0.61 × 106Individual, non-rhizosphere
Improve 0.05 × 106～0.25 × 106Individual, different administration bacteria agent is compared, to process Population of Actinomycetes in T2 soil between processing
At most.
Table 2 different disposal soil microorganism status analysis
The impact to economic characters for 2.3 different disposal
Different disposal economic characters statistics is shown in Table 3.From yield, compared with Routine control process, apply bacteria agent
Process yield all to improve to some extent, increase rate is 172～586kg/hm2, compare between each administration bacteria agent process, with
Process T4 yield highest, reach 2612kg/hm2, between process T2 and process T4, volume variance is not notable, but the two is all remarkably higher than place
Reason T3.From the output value, output value order from high to low is：Process T4 ＞ T2 ＞ T5 ＞ T3 ＞ T1, process the T4 output value significantly high
Process in other, compared with conventional treatment, apply bacteria agent and process the output value 8927～21357 yuan/hm of increase2.Each process is all
Valency and first-class cigarette ratio are all to process T4 highest, respectively 23.92 yuan/kg and 41.02%.
The impact to flue-cured tobacco economic characters for table 3 different disposal
The impact to Nicotiana tabacum L. intrinsic chemical quality for 2.4 different disposal
Tobacco leaf chemical composition is the important substance basis of quality of tobacco and odor type style and features.The each chemical composition of high-quality tobacco
The Optimum Contents scope of index is：Total sugar 18%～24%, reducing sugar 16%～20%, total nitrogen 1.5%～3.0%, nicotine
1.5%～3.5%, potassium ion >=2.0%, chloride ion is less than 0.8%.As shown in Table 4, total sugar：Compared with control treatment, except place
Outside reason T5, apply bacteria agent process and improve inferior leads total sugar content, middle leaf and upper leaf total sugar content all decrease,
Reduce by 2.11～4.24 and 1.68～4.45 percentage points respectively.Reducing sugar：Compared with control treatment T1, apply at bacteria agent
Reason improves inferior leads content of reducing sugar, reduces middle leaf and upper leaf content of reducing sugar.Total nitrogen：All process are all in suitable model
Enclose, apply bacteria agent and process inferior leads and upper leaf total nitrogen content all significantly lower than control treatment T1, middle leaf respectively processes it
Between difference inconspicuous.Nicotine：Compared with control treatment T1, apply bacteria agent process and all reduce inferior leads nicotine content, in
, in addition to processing T5, other bacteria agent process nicotine contents of applying all are decreased obviously for portion's leaf and upper leaf.Potassium：The height of potassium content
Low is to weigh a good and bad important indicator of Flue-cured tobacco Quality.Compared with control treatment T1, apply bacteria agent and all significantly improve cigarette
Potassium content in leaf, inferior leads, middle leaf and upper leaf are respectively increased 0.12～0.53,0.03～0.41 and 0.14～0.65
Percentage point, each administration is compared between bacteria agent, and potassium content of tobacco leaf order from high to low in each position is：Process 2 ＞ and process 4 ＞
Process 3 ＞ and process 5.Chlorine：Each chloride ion content that processes, all in optimum range, applies bacteria agent to Nicotiana tabacum L. chloride ion content shadow
Sound is inconspicuous.
The impact to cured tobacco leaf chemical composition for table 4 different disposal
The impact to tobacco agronomy character for 2.5 different disposal
Different disposal economical character the results are shown in Table 5.As can be seen that after transplanting 35d, with Routine control process T1 compared with,
Apply bacteria agent and promote cigarette strain growth, in plant height, stem girth and be respectively increased amplitude and be compared with processing T1 in leaf area：5
～8.7cm, 0.4～1.0cm and 26.6～110.4cm2；Difference in plant height is inconspicuous, and stem girth, the number of blade and leaf area are all to process
T4 highest.60d after transplanting, plant height and leaf area all to process T4 highest, reach 115.8cm and 1520.9cm respectively2, each administration
Bacteria agent is compared between processing, and stem girth and leaf area order from high to low is：Process T4 ＞ and process T2 ＞ process T5 ＞ process
T3 ＞ processes T1.
The economical character of table 5 different disposal cigarette strain
2.6.1 the impact to Nicotiana tabacum L. SPAD value for the different disposal
As can be seen from Table 6, integrally compare, each SPAD value that processes shows as：After after transplanting, 45d ＞ transplants, 35d ＞ transplants
80d afterwards.35d after transplanting, applies bacteria agent and significantly improves Nicotiana tabacum L. SPAD value, and increase rate is 4.5～7.2, to process
T5 highest, but it is not notable respectively to apply difference between bacteria agent process.45d after transplanting, each administration between bacteria agent is processed is compared,
SPAD value, to process T2 highest, reaches 54.4, applies bacteria agent and processes compared with Routine control process T1, SPAD value increases
Amplitude is 1.7～7.8, processes T4 and process T2SPAD value is significantly higher than other process.80d after transplanting, respectively applies biological bacteria
Agent processes SPAD value and is below processing T1, and SPAD value is minimum to process T4, illustrates that applying bacteria agent can promote Nicotiana tabacum L. maturation to fall
Yellow.
The impact to Nicotiana tabacum L. SPAD value for table 6 different disposal
Note：Each process SPAD value be blade tip, in leaf and phyllopodium meansigma methodss.
2.6.2 the impact to tobacco leaf photosynthetic characteristic for the different disposal
Different disposal photosynthesis characteristics statistics is shown in Table 7.Compare from Net Photosynthetic Rate, compared with the control, apply at bacteria agent
Reason all improves to some extent, and amplification is 1.94～4.05 μm of olCO2·m-2·s-1, each administration bacteria agent process phase
Ratio, to process T4 Net Photosynthetic Rate highest, reaches 27.35 μm of ol CO2·m-2·s-1.Stomatal conductance processes T1 with Routine control
Low, it is 0.44mol m-2·s-1, T2 and T4 is higher for process, reaches 0.62 and 0.65mol m respectively-2·s-1.Intercellular CO2Concentration
Control treatment T1 highest, reaches 330.3 μm of ol mol-1, minimum to process T4.Different disposal transpiration rate compares, from high to low
It is sequentially：Process T4 ＞ and process T2 ＞ process T3 ＞ process T5 ＞ process T1.
The impact to photosynthesis characteristics for table 7 different disposal
3. conclusion
The long-term experimental study of the present invention shows, compared with conventional tobacco cultivation fertilising, nitrogen consumption reduces 15%
And bacteria agent of spreading manuer in holes processes and can improve the cigarette strain each period soil with organic matter of fertility, rapid available phosphorus and quick-acting potassium content hence it is evident that increasing
Plus root system and non-root system antibacterial and Population of Actinomycetes, improve yield and the output value of Nicotiana tabacum L., promote cured tobacco leaf chemical composition more
Coordinate, improve plant height, stem girth, the number of blade and leaf area, 35d after transplanting, apply bacteria agent and significantly improve Nicotiana tabacum L. SPAD
Value, increase rate is 4.5～7.2,80d after transplanting, and the Nicotiana tabacum L. SPAD value that technical scheme of the present invention is processed is below locating
Reason conventional fertilizer application, can promote Nicotiana tabacum L. maturation to fall Huang, and improve Net Photosynthetic Rate, stomatal conductance and the transpiration rate of Nicotiana tabacum L..
Claims (7)
1. a kind of soil quality of taking into account improves the tobacco cultivation fertilizing method improving with quality of tobacco it is characterised in that in Nicotiana tabacum L.
Before transplanting, nitrogenous fertilizer, potash fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer are applied as base manure, bacteria agent 2～5/666.67 of simultaneously spreading manuer in holes, in Nicotiana tabacum L.
Transplant in latter 30 days, impose potash fertilizer, the amount of application of nitrogenous fertilizer is 3.8～4.0kg/666.67.
2. tobacco cultivation fertilizing method as claimed in claim 1 is it is characterised in that described nitrogenous fertilizer is applied respectively according to quality proportioning
With：Row replacement 70% and spread manuer in holes 30%.
3. tobacco cultivation fertilizing method as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is it is characterised in that total administration of described phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer
Amount is less than 6.75kg/666.67 and 15.75kg/666.67, wherein phosphate fertilizer row replacement respectively, and potash fertilizer divides according to quality proportioning
Do not apply：Spread manuer in holes 20% as base manure, apply 80% as imposing drip irrigation.
4. the tobacco cultivation fertilizing method as described in claim 3 any one claim is it is characterised in that described biology
Living bacteria count in microbial inoculum >=1.0 hundred million/g, including viscous broom is mould, trichoderma, bacillus cereuss, photosynthetic bacteria, actinomycetes, yeast
Bacterium, Trichoderma spp., aspergillosis, rotten one or more of bacterial strain, gel-shaped series bacillus or the bacillus subtilises such as mould.
5. tobacco cultivation fertilizing method as claimed in claim 4 is it is characterised in that described bacteria agent is the green health of middle peasant
（Beijing）The compound biological bacterium that the powdery bacteria agent of Bioisystech Co., Ltd's production, Hebi Ren Yuan biotechnology company produce
Agent, when section biotechnology（Shanghai）The special agricultural composite bacteria agent of Nicotiana tabacum L. or Hebei Ji microbial technique that company limited produces
The mixture of one or more of the high-content phosphorus potassium microbial inoculum that company limited produces.
6. described tobacco cultivation fertilizing method as arbitrary in claim 1-5 is it is characterised in that described base manure and bacteria agent
With the biomass charcoal powder of 200 mesh according to mass ratio 2:Apply after 1 mixing.
7. described tobacco cultivation fertilizing method as arbitrary in claim 1-5 is it is characterised in that described bacteria agent is before applying
First press 1 with attapulgite powder:2～8 mass ratio is applied after mixing.
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| CN108207161A (en) * | 2018-01-31 | 2018-06-29 | 河南省农业科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所 | Vega loosens the soil in situ promotees the methods of cultivation of nutrient synergy |
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| CN110121970A (en) * | 2019-03-06 | 2019-08-16 | 贵州省烟草公司黔西南州公司 | A method of improvement vega soil property |
| CN111630996A (en) * | 2020-07-08 | 2020-09-08 | 云南省烟草公司昆明市公司 | Method for determining fertilization amount of Honghuadajinyuan and corresponding fertilization scheme |
| CN115024039A (en) * | 2022-05-09 | 2022-09-09 | 中国科学院南京土壤研究所 | Improvement method for acid-improving potassium-increasing fertilization on acidic red soil in smoke area and application |
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| CN107723258A (en) * | 2017-10-11 | 2018-02-23 | 杨建设 | Prevent and treat composite bacteria agent of tobacco bacterial wilt and preparation method thereof |
| CN107723258B (en) * | 2017-10-11 | 2021-03-12 | 杨建设 | Composite microbial inoculum for preventing and treating tobacco bacterial wilt and preparation method thereof |
| CN108207161A (en) * | 2018-01-31 | 2018-06-29 | 河南省农业科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所 | Vega loosens the soil in situ promotees the methods of cultivation of nutrient synergy |
| CN108990499A (en) * | 2018-09-21 | 2018-12-14 | 河南农业大学 | Take into account the tobacco cultivation fertilizing method that tobacco field improvement is promoted with quality of tobacco |
| CN110121970A (en) * | 2019-03-06 | 2019-08-16 | 贵州省烟草公司黔西南州公司 | A method of improvement vega soil property |
| CN111630996A (en) * | 2020-07-08 | 2020-09-08 | 云南省烟草公司昆明市公司 | Method for determining fertilization amount of Honghuadajinyuan and corresponding fertilization scheme |
| CN111630996B (en) * | 2020-07-08 | 2022-07-12 | 云南省烟草公司昆明市公司 | Method for determining fertilization amount of Honghuadajinyuan and corresponding fertilization scheme |
| CN115024039A (en) * | 2022-05-09 | 2022-09-09 | 中国科学院南京土壤研究所 | Improvement method for acid-improving potassium-increasing fertilization on acidic red soil in smoke area and application |
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