CN104686139B - Method for improving tobacco quality by modest extension of vegetative growth period of flue-cured tobaccos - Google Patents
Method for improving tobacco quality by modest extension of vegetative growth period of flue-cured tobaccos Download PDFInfo
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- CN104686139B CN104686139B CN201510071489.6A CN201510071489A CN104686139B CN 104686139 B CN104686139 B CN 104686139B CN 201510071489 A CN201510071489 A CN 201510071489A CN 104686139 B CN104686139 B CN 104686139B
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- flue
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- cured tobacco
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving the tobacco quality by the modest extension of a vegetative growth period of flue-cured tobaccos. The method comprises the processes of primed pelleted seeds of flue-cured tobaccos, seeding, seedbed growing, transplanting, growth in field and the like, wherein the seeds germinate again before sowing the primed pelleted seeds of flue-cured tobaccos; the nutritional regulation is performed for the first time 10 days after transplanting in the field, the dosage is 5 kg per acre; the nutritional regulation is performed for the second time 35 days after transplanting in the field, the dosage is 10 kg per acre. The method is convenient for the flue-cured tobaccos to fully absorb nutrients in the vegetative growth period, is more conducive to accumulating dry matters of leaves, improving the chemical components, appearance quality and sensory evaluation of the flue-cured tobaccos and improving the quality of tobaccos by delaying the flower bud differentiation time of the flue-cured tobaccos, extending the vegetative growth period of the flue-cured tobaccos and shortening a reproductive growth period of the flue-cured tobaccos.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of extend method of the flue-cured tobacco vegetative growth phase to improve quality of tobacco by appropriateness, belong to flue-cured tobacco
Cultivation technique and quality of tobacco control technique field.
Background technology
Flue-cured tobacco be it is a kind of to harvest based on nutrition organs blade, the higher extraordinary industrial crops of economic benefit.In flue-cured tobacco life
Need to promote the maximized growth promoter of nutrition organs blade during product and absorb nutrition, and suppression or blocking genitals spend
With the growth promoter of seed, to improve quality of tobacco, demand of the cigarette enterprise to raw tobacco quality is met.Improving Nicotiana tabacum L. product
Matter aspect, mainly taking at present improves fertilizer application formula, enriches microelement foliage fertilizer, applying organic manure, Optimal Cultivation Techniques, carries
The technical measures such as management level between high fields, but with the development of these technical measures, its Productive statistics is increased substantially, Yan Nongcheng
This input substantially increases, and its economic well-being of workers and staff is decreased.
The present invention is on the premise of guaranteeing that the whole period of duration of flue-cured tobacco is constant, by appropriateness the nutrient growth of flue-cured tobacco to be extended
Phase, shortening reproductive stage, under conditions of Productive statistics cost is not increased, are finally reached the purpose for improving quality of tobacco.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to：Offer is a kind of to extend flue-cured tobacco vegetative growth phase to improve the side of quality of tobacco by appropriateness
Method, on the premise of the whole period of duration of flue-cured tobacco is not affected, can extend flue-cured tobacco vegetative growth phase, shorten flue-cured tobacco reproductive stage,
Promote Nicotiana tabacum L. nutrient growth, the interior quality of Nicotiana tabacum L. is improved, the problems such as to solve existing measure high cost and technical deficiency.
The solution of the present invention is as follows：It is a kind of that method of the flue-cured tobacco vegetative growth phase to improve quality of tobacco is extended by appropriateness,
Including processes such as flue-cured tobacco Primed pelleted seed, sowing, seedbed growth, transplanting, and grown in field, wherein seedbed growth includes four
Period：1）In the seeding stage, emerge from being seeded into；2）The cross phase, emerge to the birth of the 3rd true leaf；3）Take root the phase, the 3rd true leaf is true to the 7th
Leaf is born；4）Into seedling stage, the 7th true leaf is planted to seedling is suitable；Grown in field includes four periods：1）Also seedling stage, it is transplanted to and survives, should
Process is 7～10 days；2）The root phase is stretched, Seedling is gone back to group；3）Prosperous long-term, group is to buddingging；4）Period of maturation, from buddingging to maturation；
Sprouted process again to flue-cured tobacco pelleted seed before planting, shortening is emerged and time seedbed phase；10 days or so after field-transplanting
First time nutrition regulation is carried out, second nutrition regulation is carried out within 35 days or so after field-transplanting.
It is described to sprout process again and include：1st, Primed pelleted seed is positioned in the calorstat of energy regulating and controlling temperature；2nd, entered with clear water
Row spraying, keeps relative humidity in calorstat to be advisable 80%, and calorstat temperature fixation is kept into 2h at 20 DEG C；3rd, clear water spraying
Relative humidity 80% in calorstat is kept, temperature fixation is 23 DEG C of holding 2h；4th, clear water spraying keeps relative humidity in calorstat
80%, temperature fixation is 26 DEG C of holding 2h；5th, clear water spraying keeps relative humidity 80% in calorstat, temperature fixation to be 23 DEG C of holdings
2h；6th, clear water spraying keeps calorstat China relative humidity 80%, and temperature fixation is 20 DEG C of holding 2h；7th, iterative cycles arrange temperature
Can be sowed after the wheel of degree 3.The processing mode is in the range of tobacco seed optimum Germination Temperature（20~25℃）, and protect
Hold relative air humidity for 80% when, the reparation for being conducive to Primed pelleted seed is sprouted.This sprouts again processing mode ratio and is sprouted place again
The seed of reason is advanced by 9 days duds and emerges, and shortens the seedbed phase 9 days.Under the conditions of the whole period of duration of flue-cured tobacco is metastable, then
Extend growing stage 9 days；And Tobacco Absorbing nutrition is concentrated mainly on land for growing field crops growthdevelopmental stage, therefore extend the trophophase for flue-cured tobacco
Growth is laid a good foundation.
The first time nutrition regulation is：Nutrition regulation, regulation and control side are carried out when entering and stretching the root phase within 10 days after flue-cured tobacco transplanting
Method is N:P:K=12:6:24 carry out proportioning, wherein nitrogenous fertilizer be nitrate fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer be Diammonium phosphate (DAP), potash fertilizer be potassium sulfate, mu is used
Amount 5kg, with clear water 400 are pressed:1 ratio is blent carries out root filling.The purpose of first time nutrition regulation is to balance flue-cured tobacco early stage
Nutrient growth, and Seedling can be rapidly carried, promote aerial partss and under ground portion fast-growth, reach the purpose of early growth and quick tiller.This with
Conventional first time topdresses and has essential distinction：Conventional first time dressing time is root system after now tobacco seedlings are transplanted the 7th day after transplanting
It is not yet physically well developed, and be that, using jack dry application, dry fertilizer is concentrated at one, calcination new root being easy to, can only rain
When fertilizer Jing dilution after can absorb；Meanwhile, proportioning of routinely topdressing is N:P:K=10~14:0:21 ~ 25, without phosphorus element battalion
Support, the normal growth development of flue-cured tobacco early stage will be affected.
Second nutrition regulation be：35 days after flue-cured tobacco transplanting into the League class phase when carry out nutrition regulation, regulation and control side
Method is N:P:K=12:0:24 carry out proportioning, wherein nitrogenous fertilizer be nitrate fertilizer, potash fertilizer be potassium sulfate, mu consumption 10kg is pressed with clear water
300:1 ratio is blent carries out root filling.The purpose of second nutrition regulation in order to postpone absorption of the cigarette strain to potassium nutrition, with postpone
The formation of Water-soluble Total Sugar, postponement bud differentiation process in Nicotiana tabacum L., reach appropriateness and extend vegetative growth phase, shorten reproductive stage
Purpose, promote the more effective dry matter accumulation of Nicotiana tabacum L. to improve quality of tobacco；And conventional dressing time is 20 days left sides after transplanting
The right side, forces cigarette strain to absorb a large amount of potassium nutritions in advance, facilitates Water-soluble Total Sugar to synthesize in advance, and bud differentiation is caused in advance, and then
Cigarette strain is caused to turn to reproductive growth by nutrient growth in advance.
Operation principle of the present invention：The nutrient growth of flue-cured tobacco and the critical point of reproductive growth are bud differentiation.Along with bud
The beginning of differentiation, flue-cured tobacco then turns to reproductive stage from vegetative growth phase, and the nutrition supply for causing Root Absorption is from blade
It is main gradually to shift to based on flower bud development, cause the decline that leaf quality is different degrees of.The height of soluble sugar content in Nicotiana tabacum L.
The low progress along with bud differentiation, and the key factor of soluble sugar synthesis is then the performance of cigarette strain K nutrition cumulant, because
This, adjusts absorption peak and accumulated time of the cigarette strain to K ions, then can directly affect the morning and evening of bud differentiation time, Jin Erda
To the purpose for adjusting nutrient growth and reproductive growth critical point.
Compared with prior art, major advantage is the present invention：Before planting process is sprouted again to capsuled seed, this phase
9 days can be shortened to natural rudiment in seedling shed, the seedbed phase that can make tobacco seedlings shortens 9 days or so, and field growth period extends 9 days left sides
The right side, can promote cigarette strain to absorb more nutrition, it is ensured that dry matter weight of leaf is accumulated.After land for growing field crops nutrition regulation time first time is to transplant
10 days, time delay is imposed 3 days than conventional, and change conventional jack dry application and be inoculated with being absorbed beneficial to cigarette strain to be watered root；Nutrition
Proportioning is relatively conventional to topdress and increased phosphorus nourishing and be easy to nutritive equilibrium；Mu consumption is more conventional to reduce 2kg or so, accumulates to the
Secondary nutrition regulation is more convenient for potassium nutrition on prosperous long-term formation peak, reaches the purpose for postponing bud differentiation.Seek for second
The foster regulation and control time is that relatively conventional secondary topdressing has been postponed 15 days, while the more conventional many 2kg/ mus of consumption 35 days after transplanting.Due to
Potassium nutrition is the critical nutrients element for affecting Water-soluble Total Sugar to be formed, and the peak for being accompanied by Water-soluble Total Sugar forms and directly draws
Bud differentiation is sent out, and then causes flue-cured tobacco to turn to reproductive growth by nutrient growth.Therefore key point of the present invention is to shorten the seedbed phase, prolong
Long growing stage；And by nutrition regulation twice, under conditions of the development of flue-cured tobacco normal growth is not affected, bud point will be caused
The critical nutrients element of change --- potassium is moderately postponed absorbing backward, is forced Water-soluble Total Sugar to form peak value and is postponed backward, and then
The Flower Bud Differentiation of Flue-cured Tobacco Plant time is postponed, that is, extends flue-cured tobacco vegetative growth phase, and the whole growth course of flue-cured tobacco is relatively stable, thus contracting
Short flue-cured tobacco reproductive stage, is easy to flue-cured tobacco to absorb more nutrition in vegetative growth phase, is conducive to dry matter weight of leaf early stage
Accumulation, it is final to promote tobacco leaf chemical composition to coordinate, improve presentation quality and sensory evaluating smoking, reach the purpose for improving quality of tobacco.
In a word, the present invention can effectively improve quality of tobacco under conditions of Productive statistics cost is not increased, and can solve
The problems such as existing measure high cost and technical deficiency.
Description of the drawings：
Fig. 1 is the whole growing process of flue-cured tobacco；
Fig. 2 is flue-cured tobacco land for growing field crops growing process；
Fig. 3 is the slice map for extending trophophase growth process；
Fig. 4 is undressed slice map；
Bold portion is the time period that Primed pelleted seed sprouts again the seedbed phase after processing and growing stage in wherein Fig. 1,
Dotted portion is the seedbed phase of conventional seedbed system and the time period of growing stage；Bold portion is at nutrition regulation twice in Fig. 2
The time period of land for growing field crops vegetative growth phase and reproductive stage after reason, dotted portion for conventional fertilizer application land for growing field crops vegetative growth phase and
The time period of reproductive stage.
Specific embodiment
To make the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention is made into one below with reference to accompanying drawings
Step ground is described in detail：
Embodiment 1：
The method that appropriateness of the invention extends flue-cured tobacco vegetative growth phase, including flue-cured tobacco Primed pelleted seed, sprout again process, sowing,
The processes such as seedbed growth, transplanting, grown in field, and land for growing field crops nutrition regulation, wherein seedbed growth includes four periods：1）Emerge
Phase, emerge from being seeded into；2）The cross phase, emerge to the birth of the 3rd true leaf；3）Take root the phase, the 3rd true leaf is born to the 7th true leaf；4）Into
Seedling stage, the 7th true leaf is planted to seedling is suitable；Grown in field includes four periods：1）Also seedling stage, it is transplanted to and survives, the process is 7～10
My god；2）The root phase is stretched, Seedling is gone back to group；3）Prosperous long-term, group is to buddingging；4）Period of maturation, from buddingging to maturation；After field-transplanting
Carry out first time nutrition regulation within 10 days or so, carry out second nutrition regulation within 35 days or so after field-transplanting.
Wherein sprouting process again includes：1st, Primed pelleted seed is positioned in the calorstat of energy regulating and controlling temperature；2nd, entered with clear water
Row spraying, keeps relative humidity in calorstat to be advisable 80%, and calorstat temperature fixation is kept into 2h at 20 DEG C；3rd, clear water spraying
Relative humidity 80% in calorstat is kept, temperature fixation is 23 DEG C of holding 2h；4th, clear water spraying keeps relative humidity in calorstat
80%, temperature fixation is 26 DEG C of holding 2h；5th, clear water spraying keeps relative humidity 80% in calorstat, temperature fixation to be 23 DEG C of holdings
2h；6th, clear water spraying keeps calorstat China relative humidity 80%, and temperature fixation is 20 DEG C of holding 2h；7th, iterative cycles arrange temperature
Can be sowed after the wheel of degree 3.
The first time nutrition regulation is：Nutrition regulation, regulation and control side are carried out when entering and stretching the root phase within 10 days after flue-cured tobacco transplanting
Method is N:P:K=12:6:24 carry out proportioning, wherein nitrogenous fertilizer be nitrate fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer be Diammonium phosphate (DAP), potash fertilizer be potassium sulfate, mu is used
Amount 5kg, with clear water 400 are pressed:1 ratio is blent carries out root filling.
Second nutrition regulation be：35 days after flue-cured tobacco transplanting into the League class phase when carry out nutrition regulation, regulation and control side
Method is N:P:K=12:0:24 carry out proportioning, wherein nitrogenous fertilizer be nitrate fertilizer, potash fertilizer be potassium sulfate, mu consumption 10kg is pressed with clear water
300:1 ratio is blent carries out root filling.
As a result with analysis：
As shown in figure 1, sprouting the relatively existing flue-cured tobacco nutrition life of the flue-cured tobacco land for growing field crops vegetative growth phase after processing again using the present invention
9 days are extended for a long time；As shown in Fig. 2 relatively existing using the flue-cured tobacco vegetative growth phase after first and second nutrition regulation of the invention
Flue-cured tobacco vegetative growth phase moderately extends.
Micro- sem observation of cutting into slices is being carried out on the same day with undressed bud differentiation by extending trophophase growth process
Image comparative result：Fig. 3 is the bud differentiation effect section extended after trophophase growth process, hence it is evident that found out just in bud point
The change initial stage；Fig. 4 is the section of untreated bud differentiation effect, and its inflorescences primordium is formed and basically formed, and its inflorescence column length is
0.9cm or so is reached.
Contrasted by field test：Extend vegetative growth phase process with it is undressed compare chemical composition analysis compare as
Under：Total nitrogen, total alkaloid and chloride ion have dropped respectively 0.16,0.41 and 0.24 percentage point than control, and total sugar, reducing sugar
1.8,2.4 and 0.15 percentage points are risen respectively than control with potassium ion, and tobacco leaf chemical composition is to the trend development more coordinated.
Extend vegetative growth phase process with it is undressed compare smoke panel test and be compared as follows：Tobacco aroma quality after process
For fair, perfume quantity for foot, miscellaneous QI for it is micro- have, zest for it is micro- have, it is jealous for comfortable, oil up to have, strength be it is moderate,
Indices are good than untreated Nicotiana tabacum L. effect of smokeing panel test.
Extending vegetative growth phase processes the overall assessment such as chemical index and smoking result and is better than unprocessed, illustrates the party
Method has reached the expected purpose for improving quality of tobacco.
Claims (1)
- A kind of 1. method by appropriateness prolongation flue-cured tobacco vegetative growth phase to improve quality of tobacco, including flue-cured tobacco Primed pelleted seed, Sowing, seedbed growth, transplanting, and grown in field process, wherein seedbed growth includes four periods：1）Seeding stage, from sowing To emerging；2）The cross phase, emerge to the birth of the 3rd true leaf；3）Take root the phase, the 3rd true leaf is born to the 7th true leaf；4）Into seedling stage, the 7th True leaf is planted to seedling is suitable；Grown in field includes four periods：1）Also seedling stage, it is transplanted to and survives, the process is 7～10 days；2）Stretch The root phase, Seedling is gone back to group；3）Prosperous long-term, group is to buddingging；4）Period of maturation, from buddingging to maturation；It is characterized in that：In sowing Front to be sprouted process again to flue-cured tobacco pelleted seed, shortening is emerged and time seedbed phase；Carry out first within 10 days or so after field-transplanting Secondary nutrition regulation, carries out second nutrition regulation in 35 days or so after field-transplanting；It is described to sprout process again and include：A, by accelerating germination bag Clothing kind is positioned in the calorstat of energy regulating and controlling temperature；B, sprayed with clear water, keep the relative humidity in calorstat, will 80% Calorstat temperature fixation keeps 2h at 20 DEG C；C, clear water spraying keep relative humidity 80% in calorstat, temperature fixation to be 23 DEG C of guarantors Hold 2h；D, clear water spraying keep relative humidity 80% in calorstat, and temperature fixation is 26 DEG C of holding 2h；E, clear water spraying keep permanent Relative humidity 80% in incubator, temperature fixation is 23 DEG C of holding 2h；F, clear water spraying keep calorstat China relative humidity 80%, temperature Degree fixation is 20 DEG C of holding 2h；G, iterative cycles are arranged after temperature 3 is taken turns and can sowed；The first time nutrition regulation is： Nutrition regulation is carried out when entering and stretching the root phase within 10 days after flue-cured tobacco transplanting, regulation and control method is N:P:K=12:6:24 carry out proportioning, wherein Nitrogenous fertilizer is nitrate fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer is Diammonium phosphate (DAP), potash fertilizer is potassium sulfate, and mu consumption 5kg presses 400 with clear water:1 ratio blend into Row root is filled；Second nutrition regulation be：35 days after flue-cured tobacco transplanting into the League class phase when carry out nutrition regulation, regulate and control method For N:P:K=12:0:24 carry out proportioning, wherein nitrogenous fertilizer be nitrate fertilizer, potash fertilizer be potassium sulfate, mu consumption 10kg is pressed with clear water 300:1 ratio is blent carries out root filling.
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| CN201510071489.6A CN104686139B (en) | 2015-02-11 | 2015-02-11 | Method for improving tobacco quality by modest extension of vegetative growth period of flue-cured tobaccos |
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Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106717894A (en) * | 2016-12-09 | 2017-05-31 | 中国烟草总公司广东省公司 | A kind of method that flue-cured tobacco cultivars H892 yield of tobacco is improved by adjusting micro-ecological environment |
| CN108812157B (en) * | 2018-07-19 | 2020-08-21 | 湖南省烟草公司郴州市公司 | Remediation method for flue-cured tobacco after hail disaster |
| CN109258171A (en) * | 2018-09-28 | 2019-01-25 | 云南省烟草公司楚雄州公司 | A method of promoting floating seedling cultivation of fire-cured tobacco growth |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| RU2235453C1 (en) * | 2003-04-10 | 2004-09-10 | Кубанский государственный аграрный университет | Method for planting of tobacco seedling in field |
| CN103098645A (en) * | 2013-03-12 | 2013-05-15 | 贵州省烟草科学研究院 | Cultivation method of flue-cured tobacco small strong seedlings |
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2015
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Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RU2235453C1 (en) * | 2003-04-10 | 2004-09-10 | Кубанский государственный аграрный университет | Method for planting of tobacco seedling in field |
| CN103098645A (en) * | 2013-03-12 | 2013-05-15 | 贵州省烟草科学研究院 | Cultivation method of flue-cured tobacco small strong seedlings |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
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| 优质烟草的栽培技术;张晗等;《安徽农学通报》;20091231;第189-190页 * |
| 烟草优质适产栽培技术;屈旭等;《安徽农业科学》;20121231;第40卷(第35期);第17061-17063页 * |
| 烟草优质适产栽培技术;张东启等;《安徽农学通报》;20131231;第19卷(第16期);第54-55页 * |
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