CN108812157B - Remediation method for flue-cured tobacco after hail disaster - Google Patents
Remediation method for flue-cured tobacco after hail disaster Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN108812157B CN108812157B CN201810797387.6A CN201810797387A CN108812157B CN 108812157 B CN108812157 B CN 108812157B CN 201810797387 A CN201810797387 A CN 201810797387A CN 108812157 B CN108812157 B CN 108812157B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- disaster
- fertilizer
- flue
- days
- cured tobacco
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/45—Tobacco
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
Abstract
The invention provides a method for remedying flue-cured tobacco after a hail disaster, which comprises the following steps: (a) cleaning the tobacco field, cleaning the ditch to drain water, performing branch leaving treatment on the tobacco field, and applying pesticide; the flue-cured tobacco in the root extending period is subjected to branch-leaving-free treatment under light disaster, medium disaster and heavy disaster; the flue-cured tobacco in the colony period is treated without branches under light disasters; in a middle disaster, performing top branch treatment; under serious disasters, performing bottom-left branch treatment; the method comprises the following steps of (1) carrying out top branch treatment on flue-cured tobaccos in a busy period under light disasters and medium disasters, and carrying out bottom branch treatment under heavy disasters; (b) spraying a leaf fertilizer on the leaf surfaces of the flue-cured tobaccos; (c) applying a cured tobacco restoration fertilizer and applying rooting powder; (d) selecting and remaining flue-cured tobacco branches, and erasing other axillary buds; (e) cultivating and ridging, and applying flue-cured tobacco growth fertilizer. In the remedial method, the remedial treatment such as targeted branch leaving, fertilization and the like is carried out on the flue-cured tobacco which is in different growth periods and is subjected to hail damage of different degrees, so that the yield and the quality of the flue-cured tobacco are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of plant planting, in particular to a method for remedying flue-cured tobacco after a hail disaster.
Background
In recent years, climate changes are becoming a norm, becoming more severe year after year, and extreme weather and climatic extremes will become more and more common. The frequent occurrence of extreme climatic events seriously affects the normal growth of crops and poses serious threat to agricultural production in China. Flue-cured tobacco is a main economic crop in China, is an important source of local financial income, and is a main way for farmers to increase income and become rich. The hail and other extreme climatic events in the tobacco area occur frequently, the yield and the quality of the flue-cured tobacco are seriously influenced, great economic loss is caused to tobacco growers, and the sustainable and healthy development of the flue-cured tobacco production is hindered.
Hailstones have the characteristics of rapid coming, heavy disaster, strong destructive power and the like, tobacco seedlings can be injured and can not grow normally after being injured by the hailstones in the seedling stage, and if the tobacco seedlings are injured too much, the tobacco seedlings need to be transplanted again to delay the farming season; when the tobacco leaves are damaged in a vigorous and long term, the tobacco leaves are broken, tender stems are broken, the overground part and the underground part are caused to grow out of order, the normal mature harvesting of the flue-cured tobacco is directly influenced and hindered, the serious yield reduction and the serious quality reduction are caused, and stems are broken when the tobacco leaves are serious; in the mature period, the commodity value of the leaves with hail damage can be greatly reduced, and even economic losses which cannot be made up by the loss and the like are caused.
At present, the main measure for preventing the hailstone disaster in the smoke area is to emit hailstones with silver iodide in a hailstone base to perform artillery artificial hailstone suppression by combining weather forecast so as to achieve the purposes of fighting for eating moisture, increasing hailstone embryos and inhibiting the growth of hailstones and effectively prevent the occurrence of the hailstone disaster in the smoke area; the hail suppression effect of the antiaircraft hail suppression operation is good, but for a remote tobacco area, no hail suppression facility exists or hail suppression measures are not timely, how to reduce loss of flue-cured tobacco after hail suppression occurs is achieved, post-disaster remedial measures or mitigation technical methods of different hail suppression degrees in different growth periods of flue-cured tobacco are not detailed, and a systematic post-disaster remedial method for flue-cured tobacco is lacked.
The existing remediation technology for flue-cured tobacco subjected to hail disaster mainly adopts measures of timely draining and dredging, hilling, topdressing, disease control and the like, wherein the range of topdressing is large, the content difference of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of different fertilizers is large, a topping and branch-leaving method is not a specific operation method aiming at disasters with different growth periods and different degrees, the tobacco plant fertility is excessively absorbed and withered and late mature after hail disaster easily to influence the quality of the flue-cured tobacco, the topping and branch-leaving method is not suitable for reducing the yield of the flue-cured tobacco or prolonging the growth period and excessively delaying the growth of aftercrop, and the recovery of the flue-cured tobacco after the hail disaster can not be effectively guided in time and the loss degree of the hail disaster can not be reduced to the minimum to the.
In view of the above, the present invention is particularly proposed.
Disclosure of Invention
The first purpose of the invention is to provide a method for remedying the flue-cured tobacco after hail disaster, in the method, the flue-cured tobacco which is in different growth periods and suffers hail damage of different degrees is subjected to targeted remediation treatment, so that the yield and the quality of the flue-cured tobacco are improved.
In order to achieve the above purpose of the present invention, the following technical solutions are adopted:
a method for remedying flue-cured tobacco after hail disaster comprises the following steps:
(a) cleaning the tobacco field, cleaning the ditch to drain water, performing branch leaving treatment on the tobacco field, and applying pesticide;
wherein, the flue-cured tobacco in the root extension period is subjected to branch-leaving-free treatment under the conditions of light disaster, medium disaster and heavy disaster;
for the flue-cured tobacco in the clustering stage, the treatment without branches is carried out under the condition of light disaster; in the case of disaster, performing top-retaining treatment; under the condition of serious disaster, performing bottom-left branch treatment;
for the flue-cured tobacco in a vigorous growth period, the top branch treatment is carried out under the conditions of light disaster and medium disaster, and the bottom branch treatment is carried out under the condition of heavy disaster;
(b) spraying a leaf fertilizer on the leaf surfaces of the flue-cured tobaccos;
(c) applying a cured tobacco restoration fertilizer and applying rooting powder;
the application of the cured tobacco restoring fertilizer comprises the following steps:
for the flue-cured tobacco in the root extension period, under the conditions of light disaster, medium disaster and serious disaster, 1-3 days after the disaster, applying a seedling-lifting fertilizer;
for the flue-cured tobacco in the agglomeration period, under the conditions of light disaster, medium disaster and serious disaster, applying special additional fertilizer 1-3 days after the disaster;
for flue-cured tobaccos in a vigorous growth period, under the condition of mild disaster, applying special additional fertilizer and potash fertilizer 1-3 days after the disaster; under the conditions of medium disaster and serious disaster, applying special topdressing 1-3 days after the disaster;
(d) selecting and remaining flue-cured tobacco branches, and erasing other axillary buds;
(e) cultivating and ridging, and applying a flue-cured tobacco growth fertilizer;
the application of the flue-cured tobacco growth fertilizer comprises the following steps:
for the flue-cured tobacco in the root extension period, under the conditions of light disaster, medium disaster and serious disaster, applying special additional fertilizer 10-12 days after the disaster; applying special additional fertilizer and potash fertilizer 17-22 days after disaster; applying special additional fertilizer and potash fertilizer 30-32 days after disaster;
for the flue-cured tobacco in the agglomeration period, under the conditions of light disaster and medium disaster, applying special additional fertilizer and potassium fertilizer 10-12 days after the disaster; applying special additional fertilizer and potash fertilizer 17-22 days after disaster; under the severe disaster condition, applying special additional fertilizer and potash fertilizer 10-12 days after disaster; applying special additional fertilizer and potash fertilizer 17-22 days after disaster; applying special additional fertilizer and potash fertilizer 25-27 days after the disaster;
for flue-cured tobaccos in a vigorous growth period, under the condition of mild disaster, applying special additional fertilizer and potassium fertilizer 10-12 days after the disaster; under the condition of medium disaster, applying special additional fertilizer and potash fertilizer 10-12 days after disaster, and applying special additional fertilizer and potash fertilizer 17-19 days after disaster; under the serious disaster condition, under the middle disaster condition, the special additional fertilizer and the potassium fertilizer are applied 10-12 days after the disaster, the special additional fertilizer and the potassium fertilizer are applied 17-22 days after the disaster, and the special additional fertilizer and the potassium fertilizer are applied 25-27 days after the disaster.
Preferably, in step (a), the applying of the pesticide comprises: and applying one or more pesticides for preventing viruses, fungi or bacterial diseases.
Preferably, in the method for remedying flue-cured tobacco after the hail disaster, the virus-preventing pesticide comprises: ningnanmycin and/or moroxydine ∙ copper acetate; and/or, the fungicidal pesticides include: polyoxin and/or methyl cream ∙ manganese zinc; and/or, the prophylactic bacterial pesticide comprises: kasugamycin and/or streptomycin sulfate.
Preferably, in the method for remedying the flue-cured tobacco after the hail disaster, the foliar fertilizer is an amino acid foliar fertilizer and/or a monopotassium phosphate foliar fertilizer.
Preferably, in the method for remedying the flue-cured tobacco after the hail disaster, the dosage of the amino acid foliar fertilizer is 90-120 g/mu; the dosage of the monopotassium phosphate is 450-550 g/mu.
Preferably, in the method for remedying flue-cured tobacco after hail disaster, the content of nutrients N-P in the seedling raising fertilizer2O5-K2O is (18-22) - (8-10) - (0-1);
and/or the nutrient content N-P in the special additional fertilizer2O5-K2O is (8-10) - (0-1) - (30-32);
and/or the potassium fertilizer is potassium sulfate and/or potassium nitrate.
Preferably, in the method for remedying the flue-cured tobacco after the hail disaster, the concentration of the rooting powder is 8-12 mg/L, and the application amount is 150-250 ml per plant.
Preferably, in step (d), the earthing-up method comprises: the height of the whole ridge surface is 5-10 cm, the height of the ridge surface from the bottom of the trench after ridging is 35-40 cm, and the soil is in close contact with the tobacco plant base without leaving a gap.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
in the method, the flue-cured tobaccos in different growth periods and subjected to different disasters are subjected to post-treatment such as branch retention and the like by adopting different strategies, so that the yield and the quality of the flue-cured tobaccos are improved.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to examples, but it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the following examples are only illustrative of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. The examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were conducted under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products available commercially.
In view of the defects of the existing post-hail tobacco field remedial measures, the invention particularly provides a novel post-hail disaster remedial method for flue-cured tobacco, by adopting the targeted remedial measures, the yield and the quality of the flue-cured tobacco subjected to hail are effectively improved, and the income of farmers is improved.
The remedy provided by the invention can be specifically referred to as follows:
(a) cleaning tobacco field, cleaning ditch and draining water,
after 1-2 days of hailstone disaster, the tobacco field is cleaned in time in sunny weather, broken plants and uneconomical residual leaves are removed, so that diseases caused by rotting of the residual leaves in the tobacco field are avoided, the stem skin of the tobacco plants is not damaged when the broken tobacco leaves are removed, and the leaf stalks are broken, so that the incidence rate of tobacco leaf infection is reduced; for tobacco plants with completely damaged tobacco plant leaves, 3-5 leaves with proper quantity are also reserved to maintain the photosynthesis of the tobacco plants;
meanwhile, the ditch of the tobacco field after hail disaster is dredged, and accumulated water in the tobacco field is discharged.
Then, aiming at the difference of the growing period and the hail disaster, the branch-retaining treatment is respectively carried out on the flue-cured tobacco in the tobacco field:
for the flue-cured tobacco in the root extension period, branch-leaving-free treatment is carried out under the conditions of light disaster, medium disaster and heavy disaster;
for the flue-cured tobacco in the clustering stage, the treatment without branches is carried out under the condition of light disaster; in the case of disaster, performing top-retaining treatment; under the condition of serious disaster, performing bottom-left branch treatment;
for the flue-cured tobacco in a vigorous growth period, the top branch treatment is carried out under the conditions of light disaster and medium disaster, and the bottom branch treatment is carried out under the condition of heavy disaster.
Wherein the light disaster is light in harm, and the damage rate of the blade is less than 20%; the damage rate of the blade is 20-50% in the medium disaster; the serious disaster is that the damage rate of the leaves is 50-70%;
meanwhile, the branch-leaving-free treatment comprises the following steps: removing all tobacco branches on the flue-cured tobacco plants;
the top-retaining fork treatment comprises the following steps: 1 tobacco branch is left at the axil of the 2 nd to 3 rd blades from the top, and the top is cut when the branched tobacco leaves are about 10;
the bottom-left fork treatment comprises the following steps: 7-8 th leaves downwards from the top, cutting off a main stem from a position 20-40cm away from the ground, leaving 3-5 leaves for photosynthesis, selecting 1 strong bud in 7-10 days to leave a tobacco branch, completely removing other tobacco branches, and topping when the branch tobacco leaves are about 15 leaves.
After branch leaving treatment, pesticide is applied to prevent disease transmission;
wherein, the pesticide for preventing virus is: ningnanmycin (preferably 1600 times of 8% ningnanmycin aqueous solution), or molsidine ∙ copper acetate (preferably 1200 times of 20% molsidine ∙ copper acetate wettable powder);
the method for preventing the virus pesticide is preferably used for applying the pesticide by adopting a foliar spray method;
the fungus-preventing pesticide is: polyoxin (preferably a 600-time liquid of a 3% polyoxin aqueous solution), or methyl ∙ manganese zinc (preferably a 800-time liquid of 72% methyl ∙ manganese zinc wettable powder);
the fungus-preventing pesticide is preferably applied by adopting a method of spraying on the leaf surfaces;
the bacterial prevention pesticide comprises: kasugamycin (preferably 800 times of solution of 4% kasugamycin wettable powder) or streptomycin sulfate (preferably 5000 times of solution of 72% streptomycin sulfate wettable powder);
the preventive bacterial pesticide as above is preferably administered by root irrigation.
When multiple diseases occur simultaneously, the 2 or 3 pesticides can be mixed for use, and the pesticide is applied for 1 time every 5-7 days and is continuously applied for 2-3 times, so that the disease spreading can be effectively controlled.
(b) Spraying a leaf fertilizer on the leaf surfaces of the flue-cured tobaccos;
this step can be performed at about 3 days after the disaster;
the applied foliar fertilizer is an amino acid foliar fertilizer (the dosage is preferably 90-120 g/mu), or potassium dihydrogen phosphate (the dosage is preferably 0.5 Kg/mu) so as to promote the growth of the foliar fertilizer.
(c) Applying a cured tobacco restoration fertilizer and applying rooting powder;
for flue-cured tobaccos in different growth stages and different growth periods, the method provided by the invention is used for specifically applying fertilizers by different means, and the following specific references are given:
for the flue-cured tobacco in the root extension period, under the conditions of light disaster, medium disaster and serious disaster, 1-3 days after the disaster, applying a seedling-lifting fertilizer;
specifically, under the condition of light disaster, the application amount of the seedling raising fertilizer is 2-5 Kg/mu; under the condition of medium disaster, the application amount of the seedling raising fertilizer is 2-5 Kg/mu; under the heavy disaster condition, the application amount of the seedling raising fertilizer is 5-8 Kg/mu;
for the flue-cured tobacco in the agglomeration period, under the conditions of light disaster, medium disaster and serious disaster, applying special additional fertilizer 1-3 days after the disaster;
specifically, under the condition of light disaster, the dosage of the special additional fertilizer is 10-20 Kg/mu; under the condition of medium disaster, the dosage of the special additional fertilizer is 10-20 Kg/mu; under the serious disaster condition, the dosage of the special additional fertilizer is 8-15 Kg/mu;
for flue-cured tobaccos in a vigorous growth period, under the condition of mild disaster, applying special additional fertilizer and potash fertilizer 1-3 days after the disaster; under the conditions of medium disaster and serious disaster, applying special topdressing 1-3 days after the disaster;
specifically, under the condition of light disaster, 8-15 Kg/mu of special additional fertilizer and 3-8 Kg/mu of potash fertilizer are applied.
Meanwhile, the rooting powder is applied in a hole pouring mode, the using amount of the rooting powder is preferably 200 ml/plant, the concentration of the rooting powder is preferably 10mg/L, and the root system growth of tobacco plants is promoted.
The content of nutrients in the seedling raising fertilizer is N-P2O5-K2O is (18-22) - (8-10) - (0-1); preferably 20-9-0;
the nutrient content N-P in the special additional fertilizer2O5-K2O is (8-10) - (0-1) - (30-32); preferably 10-0-32.
(d) Selecting and remaining flue-cured tobacco branches, and erasing other axillary buds;
this step can be performed around day 7 after the disaster;
in the step, axillary buds are selected and left on the flue-cured tobacco plants (flue-cured tobacco branches are obtained by further growth), and other axillary buds are removed;
the axillary buds are strictly selected and kept by several points: firstly, selecting and reserving the middle axillary bud without reserving the upper axillary bud and the lower axillary bud. ② selecting and reserving single buds without reserving double buds. And thirdly, the axillary buds are selected and left to be uniform in thickness so as to be kept basically neat and consistent in later growth management and be beneficial to management and harvesting. Fourthly, leaves are appropriately remained. Leaves are reserved according to the soil fertility and the growth condition of tobacco plants, the number of the leaves of each plant is controlled to be about 12-16 as much as possible, the emphasis is placed on improving the weight and the internal quality of each leaf, and the proportion of upper-medium flue-cured tobacco is improved;
(e) cultivating and ridging, and applying a flue-cured tobacco growth fertilizer;
the intertillage hilling is preferably carried out 3 to 15 days after the disaster;
when the soil moisture content of the tobacco field is proper, the height of the whole ridge surface is cultivated by 5-10 cm, the height of the ridge surface to the groove bottom after the cultivation is 35-40 cm, the groove wall and the groove bottom are straight and have no pits, the cultivation is full, the soil is in close contact with the base of the tobacco plant, no gap is left, and the growth of the adventitious root of the tobacco plant and the development and distribution of the root system are promoted; the ridge surface is in a plate tile shape and is not easy to collapse, and the phenomenon that the tobacco plant growth is influenced due to pit and water accumulation on the ridge surface is avoided.
Similarly, after intertillage and hilling, the flue-cured tobacco growth fertilizer is applied in a targeted manner according to different disaster influence conditions and according to different growth periods, and the following can be specifically referred to:
for the flue-cured tobacco in the root extension period, under the conditions of light disaster, medium disaster and serious disaster, applying special additional fertilizer 10-12 days after the disaster; applying special additional fertilizer and potash fertilizer 17-22 days after disaster; applying special additional fertilizer and potash fertilizer 30-32 days after the disaster;
specifically, the method comprises the following steps: under the condition of light disaster, applying 15-25 Kg/mu of special topdressing 10-12 days after disaster; applying 20-30 Kg/mu of special additional fertilizer and 3-8 Kg/mu of potassium fertilizer 17-22 days after disaster (30-32 days after disaster, applying 3-8 Kg/mu of special additional fertilizer and 8-12 Kg/mu of potassium fertilizer;
under the condition of medium disaster, applying 15-25 Kg/mu of special topdressing 10-12 days after disaster; applying 20-30 Kg of special top dressing and 3-8 Kg of potash fertilizer per mu 17-22 days after disaster; applying 3-8 Kg/mu of special additional fertilizer and 8-12 Kg/mu of potash fertilizer 30-32 days after disaster;
under the condition of serious disaster, applying 15-25 Kg/mu of special topdressing 10-12 days after disaster; applying 20-30 Kg of special top dressing and 3-8 Kg of potash fertilizer per mu 17-22 days after disaster; and applying 3-8 Kg of special additional fertilizer and 8-12 Kg of potash fertilizer per mu 30-32 days after disaster.
For the flue-cured tobacco in the agglomeration period, under the conditions of light disaster and medium disaster, applying special additional fertilizer and potassium fertilizer 10-12 days after the disaster; applying special additional fertilizer and potash fertilizer 17-22 days after disaster; under the severe disaster condition, applying special additional fertilizer and potash fertilizer 10-12 days after disaster; applying special additional fertilizer and potash fertilizer 17-22 days after disaster; applying special additional fertilizer and potash fertilizer 25-27 days after the disaster;
specifically, the method comprises the following steps: under the condition of light disaster, 10-15 Kg/mu of special additional fertilizer and 3-8 Kg/mu of potash fertilizer are applied 10-12 days after disaster; applying 3-8 Kg/mu of special additional fertilizer and 8-12 Kg/mu of potash fertilizer 17-22 days after disaster;
under the condition of medium disaster, 10-20 Kg of special additional fertilizer and 3-8 Kg of potash fertilizer are applied 10-12 days after disaster; applying 3-8 Kg/mu of special additional fertilizer and 8-12 Kg/mu of potash fertilizer 17-22 days after disaster;
under the heavy disaster condition, 10-15 Kg of special additional fertilizer and 3-5 Kg of potash fertilizer are applied 10-12 days after the disaster; applying 3-8 Kg of special additional fertilizer and 3-8 Kg of potash fertilizer per mu 17-22 days after disaster; after 25-27 days of disaster, 2-5 Kg/mu of special additional fertilizer and 10-15 Kg/mu of potash fertilizer are applied.
For flue-cured tobaccos in a vigorous growth period, under the condition of mild disaster, applying special additional fertilizer and potassium fertilizer 10-12 days after the disaster; under the condition of medium disaster, applying special additional fertilizer and potash fertilizer 10-12 days after disaster, and applying special additional fertilizer and potash fertilizer 17-19 days after disaster; under the serious disaster condition, under the middle disaster condition, 10-12 days after the disaster, applying the special additional fertilizer and the potassium fertilizer, 17-22 days after the disaster, applying the special additional fertilizer and the potassium fertilizer, and applying the special additional fertilizer and the potassium fertilizer 25-27 days after the disaster;
specifically, under the condition of light disaster, 8-12 Kg/mu of special topdressing fertilizer and 3-8 Kg/mu of potash fertilizer are applied 10-12 days after disaster;
under the condition of medium disaster, applying 8-15 Kg/mu of special additional fertilizer and 2-5 Kg/mu of potash fertilizer 10-12 days after disaster; applying 3-8 Kg of special additional fertilizer and 10-15 Kg of potash fertilizer per mu 17-19 days after disaster;
under the heavy disaster condition and under the medium disaster condition, applying 8-15 Kg/mu of special additional fertilizer and 2-5 Kg/mu of potash fertilizer 10-12 days after disaster; applying 5-10 Kg of special additional fertilizer and 3-8 Kg of potash fertilizer per mu 17-22 days after disaster; 2-5 Kg of special top dressing and 10-15 Kg of potash fertilizer per mu are applied 25-27 days after disaster.
The nutrient content N-P in the special additional fertilizer2O5-K2O is (8-10) - (0-1) - (30-32); preferably 10-0-32.
And (e) after the remediation treatment in the steps (a) to (e), carrying out normal field management according to the corresponding growth period of the flue-cured tobacco, and harvesting according to a normal flow.
Example 1
17 days 4 months in 2017, the cross-point tobacco fields at Yangtze towns of the tomb of Chenyang county, Chenzhou, Hunan province suffer from hail disasters of different degrees, the tobacco plants are just in a busy period, the area of the light-disaster tobacco fields is 465 mu, the area of the medium-disaster tobacco fields is 88 mu, and the area of the heavy-disaster tobacco fields is 13 mu. The method of the invention is adopted to remedy the flue-cured tobacco in time.
Dividing the light disaster, medium disaster and heavy disaster tobacco fields into a plurality of small areas with equivalent areas at random respectively, and performing remediation (experimental group) or non-remediation treatment (control group) respectively;
in each experimental group, the special additional fertilizer for the flue-cured tobacco is the same, and the nutrient content (N-P) is the same2O5-K2O) is 10: 0: 32.
experiment 1 group of concrete operations for remediation treatment of a light disaster tobacco field:
(1) on the 1 st day after hail disaster, the tobacco field is cleaned in time of residual leaves and broken branches, and ditches are cleaned for drainage; the method comprises the following steps of (1) carrying out top branch leaving treatment on light and medium disaster tobacco fields on the 2 nd day after disaster, namely topping the 3 rd leaf from the top to the lower part, leaving 1 tobacco branch at the axilla, and carrying out leaf surface spraying by adopting a 600-time solution of 3% polyoxin and a 1600-time solution of 8% ningnanmycin aqueous solution, so as to prevent the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests;
(2) on the 3 rd day after the disaster, 90 g/mu of amino acid foliar fertilizer is sprayed on the leaf surface, and simultaneously, 10 Kg/mu of topdressing, 5 Kg/mu of potassium sulfate and 10mg/L of rooting powder are applied to the tobacco in a hole mode, wherein 200 ml/plant of rooting powder is applied;
(3) leave and choose the tobacco branch, wipe off other axillary buds 7 days after the disaster;
(4) on the 12 th day after the disaster, 5 Kg/mu +10 Kg/mu of potassium sulfate is specially applied to the flue-cured tobacco in a hole mode by combining intertillage ridging; reserving the main branch cigarette;
(5) 5 Kg/mu +12 Kg/mu potassium sulfate topdressing special for hole-watering flue-cured tobacco 22 days after disaster
The concrete operation of the disaster tobacco field remediation treatment in the experiment 2 group is as follows:
(1) on the 1 st day after hail disaster, the tobacco field is cleaned in time of residual leaves and broken branches, and ditches are cleaned for drainage; the method comprises the following steps of (1) carrying out top branch leaving treatment on light and medium disaster tobacco fields on the 2 nd day after disaster, namely topping the 3 rd leaf from the top to the lower part, leaving 1 tobacco branch at the axilla, and carrying out leaf surface spraying by adopting a 600-time solution of 3% polyoxin and a 1600-time solution of 8% ningnanmycin aqueous solution, so as to prevent the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests;
(2) on the 3 rd day after the disaster, 90 g/mu of amino acid foliar fertilizer is sprayed on the leaf surface, and simultaneously, 10 Kg/mu of topdressing plus 10mg/L of rooting powder is applied to the tobacco in a hole mode for 200 ml/plant;
(3) leave and choose the tobacco branch, wipe off other axillary buds 7 days after the disaster;
(4) on the 12 th day after the disaster, 10 Kg/mu +3 Kg/mu of potassium sulfate is specially applied to the flue-cured tobacco in a hole mode by combining intertillage ridging; reserving the main branch cigarette;
(5) 5 Kg/mu +12 Kg/mu potassium sulfate topdressing special for hole-watering flue-cured tobacco 22 days after disaster
Experiment 3 groups of concrete operations for remediation treatment of a severe disaster tobacco field:
1) on the 1 st day after hail disaster, the tobacco field is cleaned in time of residual leaves and broken branches, and ditches are cleaned and drained; performing bottom branch treatment on the light and medium disaster tobacco fields 2 days after the disaster, namely topping the 7 th leaf from the top to the bottom, leaving 1 tobacco branch at the axilla, performing leaf surface spraying by adopting 600 times liquid of 3% polyoxin and 1200 times liquid of 20% moroxydine-copper acetate wettable powder, and irrigating roots by 800 times liquid of 4% kasugamycin wettable powder to prevent the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests;
2) on the 3 rd day after the disaster, spraying monopotassium phosphate aqueous solution on the leaf surfaces, and simultaneously applying topdressing 10 Kg/mu +10mg/L rooting powder 200 ml/plant in a hole-watering mode;
3) leave and choose the tobacco branch, wipe off other axillary buds 7 days after the disaster;
4) on the 12 th day after the disaster, intertillage ridging is combined, 10 Kg/mu +3 Kg/mu of potassium sulfate is applied to the holes, and main branch tobacco is left;
5) in the 22 th day after disaster, top application of 7 Kg/mu plus 5 Kg/mu of potassium nitrate is applied in holes
6) And 3 Kg/mu and 12 Kg/mu potassium sulfate are applied in holes in 27 days after disaster.
Meanwhile, taking the tobacco field which is not remedied as a control group, carrying out subsequent field management under the same condition, and then counting the quality and output conditions after the tobacco leaf baking is finished, wherein the results are shown in the following table:
according to the experimental results, the method provided by the invention can be used for remedying the tobacco field suffering from the disaster, the yield of the tobacco field after the disaster is effectively improved, the proportion of middle and upper tobacco leaves can be improved, and the income of growers can be improved;
while particular embodiments of the present invention have been illustrated and described, it would be obvious that various other changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. It is therefore intended to cover in the appended claims all such changes and modifications that are within the scope of this invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method for remedying flue-cured tobacco after hail disaster is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(a) cleaning the tobacco field, cleaning the ditch to drain water, performing branch leaving treatment on the tobacco field, and applying pesticide;
wherein, the flue-cured tobacco in the root extension period is subjected to branch-leaving-free treatment under the conditions of light disaster, medium disaster and heavy disaster;
for the flue-cured tobacco in the clustering stage, the treatment without branches is carried out under the condition of light disaster; in the case of disaster, performing top-retaining treatment; under the condition of serious disaster, performing bottom-left branch treatment;
for the flue-cured tobacco in a vigorous growth period, the top branch treatment is carried out under the conditions of light disaster and medium disaster, and the bottom branch treatment is carried out under the condition of heavy disaster;
(b) spraying a leaf fertilizer on the leaf surfaces of the flue-cured tobaccos;
(c) applying a cured tobacco restoration fertilizer and applying rooting powder;
the application of the cured tobacco restoring fertilizer comprises the following steps:
for the flue-cured tobacco in the root extension period, under the conditions of light disaster, medium disaster and serious disaster, 1-3 days after the disaster, applying a seedling-lifting fertilizer;
for the flue-cured tobacco in the agglomeration period, under the conditions of light disaster, medium disaster and serious disaster, applying special additional fertilizer 1-3 days after the disaster;
for flue-cured tobaccos in a vigorous growth period, under the condition of mild disaster, applying special additional fertilizer and potash fertilizer 1-3 days after the disaster; under the conditions of medium disaster and serious disaster, applying special topdressing 1-3 days after the disaster;
(d) selecting and remaining flue-cured tobacco branches, and erasing other axillary buds;
(e) cultivating and ridging, and applying a flue-cured tobacco growth fertilizer;
the application of the flue-cured tobacco growth fertilizer comprises the following steps:
for the flue-cured tobacco in the root extension period, under the conditions of light disaster, medium disaster and serious disaster, applying special additional fertilizer 10-12 days after the disaster; applying special additional fertilizer and potash fertilizer 17-22 days after disaster; applying special additional fertilizer and potash fertilizer 30-32 days after the disaster;
for the flue-cured tobacco in the agglomeration period, under the conditions of light disaster and medium disaster, applying special additional fertilizer and potassium fertilizer 10-12 days after the disaster; applying special additional fertilizer and potash fertilizer 17-22 days after disaster; under the severe disaster condition, applying special additional fertilizer and potash fertilizer 10-12 days after disaster; applying special additional fertilizer and potash fertilizer 17-22 days after disaster; applying special additional fertilizer and potash fertilizer 25-27 days after the disaster;
for flue-cured tobaccos in a vigorous growth period, under the condition of mild disaster, applying special additional fertilizer and potassium fertilizer 10-12 days after the disaster; under the condition of medium disaster, applying special additional fertilizer and potash fertilizer 10-12 days after disaster, and applying special additional fertilizer and potash fertilizer 17-19 days after disaster; under the serious disaster condition, the special additional fertilizer and the potassium fertilizer are applied 10-12 days after the disaster, the special additional fertilizer and the potassium fertilizer are applied 17-22 days after the disaster, and the special additional fertilizer and the potassium fertilizer are applied 25-27 days after the disaster.
2. The method for remedying a post-fire tobacco hail disaster according to claim 1, wherein in step (a), the applying the pesticide comprises: and applying one or more pesticides for preventing viruses, fungi or bacterial diseases.
3. The method for remedying a flue-cured tobacco after hail disaster according to claim 2, wherein the prevention of the viral pesticide comprises: ningnanmycin and/or moroxydine ∙ copper acetate;
and/or, the fungicidal pesticides include: polyoxin and/or methyl cream ∙ manganese zinc;
and/or, the prophylactic bacterial pesticide comprises: kasugamycin and/or streptomycin sulfate.
4. The method for remedying the flue-cured tobacco after hail disaster according to claim 1, wherein in the step (b), the foliar fertilizer is an amino acid foliar fertilizer and/or a monopotassium phosphate foliar fertilizer.
5. The method for remedying the flue-cured tobacco after the hail disaster according to claim 4, wherein the dosage of the amino acid foliar fertilizer is 90-120 g/mu; the dosage of the monopotassium phosphate foliar fertilizer is 450-550 g/mu.
6. The method for remedying the flue-cured tobacco after hail disaster according to claim 1, wherein the nutrient content in the seedling raising fertilizer is N-P2O5-K2O is (18-22) - (8-10) - (0-1);
and/or the nutrient content N-P in the special additional fertilizer2O5-K2O is (8-10) - (0-1) - (30-32);
and/or the potassium fertilizer is potassium sulfate and/or potassium nitrate.
7. The method for remedying the tobacco after hail disaster according to claim 1, wherein in the step (b), the concentration of the rooting powder is 8-12 mg/L, and the application amount is 150-250 ml/plant.
8. The method for remedying a flue-cured tobacco hail disaster according to claim 1, wherein in the step (d), the hilling comprises:
the height of the whole ridge surface is 5-10 cm, the height of the ridge surface from the bottom of the trench after ridging is 35-40 cm, and the soil is in close contact with the tobacco plant base without leaving a gap.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810797387.6A CN108812157B (en) | 2018-07-19 | 2018-07-19 | Remediation method for flue-cured tobacco after hail disaster |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810797387.6A CN108812157B (en) | 2018-07-19 | 2018-07-19 | Remediation method for flue-cured tobacco after hail disaster |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN108812157A CN108812157A (en) | 2018-11-16 |
| CN108812157B true CN108812157B (en) | 2020-08-21 |
Family
ID=64139526
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810797387.6A Active CN108812157B (en) | 2018-07-19 | 2018-07-19 | Remediation method for flue-cured tobacco after hail disaster |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN108812157B (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111011148A (en) * | 2019-11-25 | 2020-04-17 | 山东临沂烟草有限公司 | Management method for strong long-term hail heavy disaster tobacco field |
| CN112997829B (en) * | 2021-03-15 | 2022-12-06 | 湖南省烟草公司郴州市公司 | Post-disaster treatment method and application of flood disasters of flue-cured tobacco |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104686139A (en) * | 2015-02-11 | 2015-06-10 | 贵州省烟草公司贵阳市公司 | Method for improving tobacco quality by modest extension of vegetative growth period of flue-cured tobaccos |
| CN106489570A (en) * | 2016-10-26 | 2017-03-15 | 四川省烟草公司泸州市公司 | A kind of cigarette strain breeding method for improving the early blossoming vega output value |
| CN107637432A (en) * | 2017-11-04 | 2018-01-30 | 李军慧 | A kind of crop field watermelon method of quick restoration ecosystem and stable yields after being attacked by hail |
-
2018
- 2018-07-19 CN CN201810797387.6A patent/CN108812157B/en active Active
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104686139A (en) * | 2015-02-11 | 2015-06-10 | 贵州省烟草公司贵阳市公司 | Method for improving tobacco quality by modest extension of vegetative growth period of flue-cured tobaccos |
| CN106489570A (en) * | 2016-10-26 | 2017-03-15 | 四川省烟草公司泸州市公司 | A kind of cigarette strain breeding method for improving the early blossoming vega output value |
| CN107637432A (en) * | 2017-11-04 | 2018-01-30 | 李军慧 | A kind of crop field watermelon method of quick restoration ecosystem and stable yields after being attacked by hail |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
|---|
| 不同留杈和追肥措施对受雹灾烤烟的补救效果;林中麟，等;《中国烟草学报》;20090630(第4期);第52-54页 * |
| 冰雹对烤烟生产的影响及应对措施;马宇，等;《河北农业科学》;20090831(第8期);第26-27页 * |
| 青州烤烟冰雹灾害的发生现状与对策;黄择祥，杜传印;《现代农业科技》;20090320(第5期);第197-198页 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN108812157A (en) | 2018-11-16 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN105393783A (en) | Guangxi sugarcane underground drip irrigation water fertilizer integrated plantation method | |
| CN109006220B (en) | Method suitable for large-area planting of Sedum plumbizincicola | |
| CN105660116A (en) | Method for planting sarcandra glabra in shaw | |
| CN104969766A (en) | Method for planting strawberry | |
| CN110012773B (en) | Cultivation method for interplanting paris polyphylla under moso bamboo forest | |
| CN108713435A (en) | A kind of cultural method of organic tea | |
| CN108812157B (en) | Remediation method for flue-cured tobacco after hail disaster | |
| CN109496661B (en) | Rejuvenation method for perennial cultivated Chinese rose | |
| CN113141891A (en) | Short-spike cutting method for tea tree germplasm resources | |
| CN101554115B (en) | Method for culturing Chinese silvergrass with high yield | |
| CN107455200B (en) | Fig one-step garden-forming high-yield cultivation method based on hardwood cutting technology | |
| CN114303817A (en) | Method for interplanting wormwood under fruit trees | |
| CN110249946B (en) | High-yield water-saving potato cultivation method in high-temperature arid region | |
| CN104686154B (en) | Method for improving sloping field and planting selenium-rich vegetables and fruits | |
| CN112616603A (en) | Planting method for interplanting stylosanthes guianensis in orange orchard | |
| CN111296089A (en) | Artificial breeding method of salix integra, salix integra seedlings and application | |
| CN111066560A (en) | Method for updating northern aged tea garden into high-density planted tea garden | |
| CN110896769A (en) | Kiwi fruit non-habitat planting method | |
| CN111194601A (en) | High-quality and high-yield cultivation method for honeysuckle | |
| CN105766503A (en) | Organic high-quality paddy rice plantation technology | |
| CN112753517B (en) | Comprehensive management method for preventing and controlling waterlogging of flue-cured tobacco and coping with waterlogging | |
| Low | Sitka spruce silviculture in Scottish forests | |
| CN115152516B (en) | Vertical high-yield cherry planting method | |
| CN111448951A (en) | Near-wild cultivation method for paris polyphylla under camellia oleifera forest | |
| RU2636591C2 (en) | Method for growing raspberry in conditions of komi republic |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |