CN112997829B - Post-disaster treatment method and application of flood disasters of flue-cured tobacco - Google Patents
Post-disaster treatment method and application of flood disasters of flue-cured tobacco Download PDFInfo
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- CN112997829B CN112997829B CN202110275914.9A CN202110275914A CN112997829B CN 112997829 B CN112997829 B CN 112997829B CN 202110275914 A CN202110275914 A CN 202110275914A CN 112997829 B CN112997829 B CN 112997829B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/45—Tobacco
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
Abstract
The invention provides a post-disaster treatment method and application of flood disasters of flue-cured tobacco, and relates to the technical field of plant planting. The post-disaster treatment method for the flood disasters of the flue-cured tobaccos mainly carries out remediation and management on the flue-cured tobaccos in different disaster degrees and different growth periods according to local conditions, and is scientific and reasonable, so that the yield and the quality of the flue-cured tobaccos are guaranteed, meanwhile, the loss caused by the flood disasters can be reduced to a low level, and the benefits of tobacco growers are protected. The invention also provides application of the flue-cured tobacco flood disaster post-treatment method, and the flue-cured tobacco flood disaster post-treatment method provides certain reference and guidance for planting and production of flue-cured tobacco in view of the advantages of the flue-cured tobacco flood disaster post-treatment method.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of plant planting, in particular to a post-disaster treatment method and application of flood disasters of flue-cured tobacco.
Background
Flue-cured tobacco is an important agricultural product in economic crops in China and is a main raw material for cigarette production. In recent years, however, extreme climatic events such as flood disasters and the like frequently occur, the yield and the quality of the flue-cured tobacco are seriously influenced, great economic loss is caused to tobacco growers, the sustainable and healthy development of the flue-cured tobacco production is hindered, and the serious threat to agricultural production in China is formed.
At present, how to take remedial technical measures for tobacco plants subjected to flood disasters is reported by the predecessors, but the prior art is not specific and systematic, lacks a specific grading standard method, lacks a specific operation technical method or a release technical method, and cannot timely and effectively guide the recovery of production of flue-cured tobacco after the disasters.
In view of the above, the present invention is particularly proposed to solve at least one of the above technical problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a post-disaster treatment method for flue-cured tobacco flood disasters, so as to solve the technical problems that remedial measures are not specific and systematic and the recovery of production of flue-cured tobacco after disasters cannot be effectively guided in time in the prior art.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide the application of the flue-cured tobacco flood disaster post-disaster treatment method.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the invention provides a post-disaster treatment method for flood disasters of flue-cured tobacco, which performs post-disaster treatment according to different disaster-suffering degrees and different growth periods of the flue-cured tobacco and comprises the following steps:
(A) Under the conditions of mild flood disaster and moderate flood disaster
(a1) Removing accumulated water in the tobacco field, supporting tobacco plants, washing tobacco leaves, intertillage and loosening soil;
(a2) Applying additional fertilizer;
under the condition of mild flood disasters, applying additional fertilizer and rooting powder to tobacco plants in the root extending period; applying additional fertilizer, foliar fertilizer and rooting powder to tobacco plants in the rooting period and the vigorous growing period; applying foliar fertilizer and rooting powder to tobacco plants in the mature period;
under the condition of moderate flood disasters, additional fertilizer is applied to tobacco plants in the root extending stage, the root growing stage, the vigorous growing stage and the mature stage, foliar fertilizer is applied, and rooting powder is applied;
(a3) Preventing and controlling diseases and pests;
(B) In case of severe flood disasters
Selecting standby tobacco seedlings for tobacco plants in the root extending period and before, and replanting in time;
for tobacco plants in the bulk stage and the vigorous stage, the tobacco covering and flooding time is more than or equal to 10 hours, the production is abandoned, and other crops are changed; covering the tobacco leaves for flooding for less than 10 hours, and treating by adopting a treatment method under the moderate flooding disaster condition in the step (A);
covering tobacco leaves in a mature period with flooding for more than or equal to 6 hours, and abandoning the harvesting and curing of the flooded covered tobacco leaves; the tobacco leaves are not covered with flooding water or the flooding time is less than 6 hours, and a treatment method under the medium-moderate flooding disaster condition in the step (A) is adopted;
(C) In case of extreme flood disasters
Abandoning production and changing to other crops.
Further, on the basis of the technical scheme of the invention, (a 2) additional topdressing is carried out, under the condition of mild flood disasters, 10-12 kg/mu of additional dressing is carried out on tobacco plants in the root extending period, and 0.8-1.2 g/mu of rooting powder is applied; applying additional fertilizer 5-6 kg/mu, applying leaf fertilizer 150-250 g/mu and applying rooting powder 0.8-1.2 g/mu to tobacco plants in the growing period and the growing period; applying 100-150g of foliar fertilizer per mu and 0.8-1.2g of rooting powder per mu to tobacco plants in the mature period.
Further, on the basis of the technical scheme, the top dressing is applied in a supplementing mode (a 2), under the condition of moderate flood disasters, 10-12kg of top dressing is applied to tobacco plants in the root extending period, the root growing period and the vigorous growth period, 150-250g of leaf fertilizer is applied per mu, and 1.8-2.0g of rooting powder is applied per mu; and (3) additionally applying additional fertilizer 5-6 kg/mu, applying leaf fertilizer 200-250 g/mu and applying rooting powder 1.8-2.0 g/mu to tobacco plants in the mature period.
Furthermore, on the basis of the technical scheme, the nutrient content of the fertilizer subjected to additional fertilization is N-P 2 O 5 -K 2 O is (9-11) - (0) - (29-31), preferably 10-0-30.
Further, on the basis of the technical scheme, the foliar fertilizer comprises a monopotassium phosphate foliar fertilizer and/or a multifunctional water-soluble foliar fertilizer.
Further, on the basis of the technical scheme of the invention, the concentration of the rooting powder in the rooting powder aqueous solution is 8-12mg/kg, and the application amount is 100-200 mL/plant.
Further, on the basis of the technical scheme of the invention, (a 3) the disease and pest prevention and control medicaments comprise broad-spectrum preventive bactericides, virosis prevention and control medicaments and bacterial prevention and control medicaments.
Further, on the basis of the technical scheme of the invention, the broad-spectrum preventive bactericide comprises zineb and/or bordeaux mixture;
preferably, the preventive agent for viral diseases comprises any one of amino-oligosaccharin, moroxydine-copper acetate or mixed fat-copper sulfate or a combination of at least two of them;
preferably, the bacterial control agent comprises streptomycin agriculturally.
Further, on the basis of the technical scheme of the invention, according to the influence of the flood disaster on the death and damage rate of tobacco plants, the flood disaster is divided into the following grades:
the death rate of tobacco plants is less than 30 percent due to slight flood disasters;
in case of moderate flood disasters, the death rate of tobacco plants is 30-50%;
the death rate of tobacco plants is 50 to 80 percent due to severe flood disasters;
the death rate of tobacco plants is more than 80 percent when the tobacco plants are subjected to severe flooding disasters.
The invention also provides application of the post-flood treatment method for the flue-cured tobacco in production of the flue-cured tobacco.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:
(1) The invention provides a post-disaster treatment method for tobacco flood disasters, which is mainly used for remedying and managing tobacco in different disaster-affected degrees and different growth periods according to local conditions, scientifically and reasonably, thereby ensuring the yield and quality of the tobacco products, reducing the loss caused by the flood disasters to a lower level and protecting the benefits of tobacco growers.
(2) The invention also provides application of the flue-cured tobacco flood disaster post-treatment method, and the flue-cured tobacco flood disaster post-treatment method provides certain reference and guidance for planting and production of flue-cured tobacco in view of the advantages of the flue-cured tobacco flood disaster post-treatment method.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the implementation, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without making any creative effort based on the embodiments in the present invention, belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
According to a first aspect of the invention, a post-disaster treatment method for flood disasters of flue-cured tobacco is provided, which carries out post-disaster treatment according to different disaster-suffering degrees and different growth periods of the flue-cured tobacco, and comprises the following steps:
(A) Under the conditions of mild flood disaster and moderate flood disaster
(a1) Removing accumulated water in the tobacco field, strengthening tobacco plants, washing tobacco leaves, intertilling and loosening soil;
when the flue-cured tobacco is subjected to flood disasters, obvious water accumulation exists in a tobacco field. The growth and development of the root system of the tobacco plant can be directly influenced by field water accumulation or over-wet soil. Therefore, accumulated water in the field is firstly drained, facilities such as ditches and ground drainage ditches are mainly utilized, or drainage ditches are excavated manually, and the facilities such as a mechanical pump can be conditionally used for draining water, so that the water soaking time of the tobacco field is shortened, the flooded parts of tobacco plants are reduced, and the waterlogging degree is reduced. The earlier the drainage is, the more active the disaster resistance and the production conservation are. The method is used for ditching and filtering the tobacco fields to be soaked in time, rapidly reducing the water levels of three internal and external ditches, draining accumulated water and dark water in the fields, reducing the humidity, breaking the boards and opening the soil moisture in due time, improving the soil permeability, promoting the root system development of tobacco plants and shortening the seedling reviving period.
After accumulated water is removed, the tobacco plants are righted, if a large amount of sludge on the tobacco leaves needs to be cleaned in time, clear water or 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution can be adopted to wash the sludge of the tobacco leaves, so that the leaves and branches are kept clean, the light receiving area of the tobacco leaves is increased, wilting is prevented, and the normal photosynthetic capacity of the tobacco leaves is promoted to be recovered.
For the plots with field accumulated water removed or plots with only accumulated water, when the soil moisture content of the tobacco field is proper, shallow intertillage (depth 10 cm) can be carried out after the field operation, soil loosening and weeding are carried out, soil surface hardening is eliminated, field humidity is reduced, the air permeability and temperature increasing performance of the soil is improved, the rhizosphere environment is improved, the growth of adventitious roots of tobacco plants and the growth of root systems are promoted, and the growth of new roots is promoted frequently.
(a2) Applying additional fertilizer;
the fertilizer in the tobacco field is lost much after flood disasters, and the affected tobacco plants generally show yellow leaves and slow growth and development. After raining and sunny days, the restoring fertilizer is applied to the tobacco seedlings in time to supplement nutrients and promote the tobacco plants to grow new roots and leaves early. After the disaster, quick-acting fertilizer is applied in a timely grasping time, and timely topdressing is favorable for the healing of plant wounds to recover the growth vigor as early as possible, so that the disease and insect resistance of tobacco plants is enhanced. In order to meet the requirement of cultivating effective leaves of tobacco plants after disasters, the method properly applies additional fertilizer on the disaster-stricken tobacco fields on the basis of the original fertilizer application. Because different disaster degrees have different influences on the flue-cured tobaccos in different growth periods, the specific methods for increasing and applying additional fertilizers are different.
Under the condition of slight flood disasters, additional fertilizer is applied to tobacco plants in the root extending period, and rooting powder is applied; applying additional fertilizer, foliar fertilizer and rooting powder to tobacco plants in the rooting period and the vigorous growing period; applying foliar fertilizer and rooting powder to tobacco plants in the mature period;
under the condition of moderate flood disasters, additional fertilizer is applied to tobacco plants in the root extending stage, the root growing stage, the vigorous growing stage and the mature stage, foliar fertilizer is applied, and rooting powder is applied;
(a3) Preventing and controlling diseases and pests;
the tobacco plants are poor in growth and development after suffering from disasters, and the capability of resisting diseases and insect damages is reduced; in addition, after flood disasters, because the field humidity is high and the temperature is high, the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests is easy to induce, and special attention needs to be paid to the prevention and control of the plant diseases and insect pests.
(B) In case of severe flood disaster
Selecting standby tobacco seedlings for tobacco plants in the root extending period and before, and replanting in time;
for tobacco plants in the glomeration period and the vigorous growth period, the tobacco leaf covering and flooding time is more than or equal to 10 hours, the production is abandoned, and other crops are changed; covering the tobacco leaves with water for less than 10 hours, and treating by adopting the treatment method under the condition of moderate flooding disaster in the step (A);
covering tobacco leaves with flooding water for more than or equal to 6 hours on tobacco plants in the mature period, and abandoning the harvesting and curing of the flooding covered tobacco leaves; the tobacco leaves are not covered with flooding water or the flooding time is less than 6 hours, and a treatment method under the medium-moderate flooding disaster condition in the step (A) is adopted;
(C) In case of extreme flooding disasters
Abandoning production and changing to other crops.
The method for post-disaster treatment of flood disasters of flue-cured tobaccos mainly carries out remediation and management on flue-cured tobaccos at different disaster-affected degrees and different growth periods according to local conditions, is scientific and reasonable, thereby ensuring the yield and quality of flue-cured tobaccos, reducing the loss caused by the flood disasters to a lower level and protecting the benefits of tobacco growers.
In the invention, the disaster degree is divided mainly according to the influence degree of flood disasters on the death and damage rate of tobacco plants.
As an optional implementation manner of the present invention, according to the influence of the flood disaster on the death and damage rate of the tobacco plants, the flood disaster is classified into the following grades:
the death rate of tobacco plants is less than 30 percent due to slight flood disasters;
in case of moderate flood disasters, the death rate of tobacco plants is 30-50%;
the death rate of tobacco plants is 50 to 80 percent due to severe flood disasters;
the death rate of tobacco plants is more than 80 percent when the tobacco plants are subjected to severe flooding disasters.
When the tobacco plants are subjected to additional fertilization, the tobacco plants which are subjected to different disaster-suffering degrees in different growth periods also have different types and materials of fertilizers required to be applied.
As an optional embodiment of the invention, (a 2) additional application of topdressing is carried out, under the condition of mild flooding disasters, 10-12 kg/mu of topdressing is added to tobacco plants in the root extension period, and 0.8-1.2 g/mu of rooting powder is applied; applying additional fertilizer 5-6 kg/mu, applying leaf fertilizer 150-250 g/mu and applying rooting powder 0.8-1.2 g/mu to tobacco plants in the growing period and the growing period; applying 100-150g of foliar fertilizer per mu and 0.8-1.2g of rooting powder per mu to tobacco plants in the mature period.
As an optional embodiment of the invention, (a 2) additional application of topdressing is carried out, under the condition of moderate flood disasters, 10-12kg of topdressing is added to tobacco plants in the root extending period, the root growing period and the vigorous growth period, 150-250g of foliar fertilizer is applied to each mu, and 1.8-2.0g of rooting powder is applied to each mu; and (3) additionally applying 5-6kg of topdressing, 200-250g of foliar fertilizer and 1.8-2.0g of rooting powder to tobacco plants in the mature period.
As an optional embodiment of the invention, the nutrient content N-P in the fertilizer after additional fertilization is increased 2 O 5 -K 2 O is (9-11) - (0) - (29-31), preferably 10-0-30.
As an alternative embodiment of the invention, the foliar fertiliser comprises a potassium containing foliar fertiliser.
Preferably, the potassium-containing foliar fertilizer comprises a monopotassium phosphate foliar fertilizer and/or a multifunctional water-soluble foliar fertilizer. When the monopotassium phosphate foliar fertilizer is used for spraying tobacco leaves, monopotassium phosphate is ensured to be completely dissolved and uniformly mixed so as to prevent the leaves from being burnt due to overhigh local concentration and aggravate disaster degree.
The multifunctional water-soluble foliar fertilizer refers to other potassium-containing foliar fertilizers besides the dihydrogen phosphate-containing foliar fertilizer, such as a Tianciba potassium foliar fertilizer (produced by Changsha menbanglong Biotech limited).
As an alternative embodiment of the invention, the concentration of the rooting powder in the aqueous solution of the rooting powder is 8-12mg/kg, and the application amount is 100-200mL per plant.
The concentration of the rooting powder in the aqueous solution of the rooting powder is typically, but not limited to, 8mg/kg, 9mg/kg, 10mg/kg, 11mg/kg or 12mg/kg, and the typical, but not limited to, administration amount is 100 mL/plant, 120 mL/plant, 140 mL/plant, 150 mL/plant, 180 mL/plant or 200 mL/plant.
As an alternative embodiment of the present invention, (a 3) disease prevention and pest control, and the agents for disease prevention and pest control include broad-spectrum preventive bactericides, viral disease control agents, and bacterial control agents.
The pesticide is sprayed once to prevent diseases. In addition, under the conditions of excessive rainwater and excessive soil humidity, weeds are easy to grow in the field, and the weeds in the field need to be prevented and removed after waterlogging.
Generally, the spraying agent can be sprayed twice continuously and sprayed for preventing diseases once in time at an interval of about 7 days.
As an alternative embodiment of the invention, the broad spectrum prophylactic germicide comprises zineb and/or bordeaux mixture;
the zineb can be 80% zineb 500-600 times liquid spray, and the bordeaux liquid can be 1.
As an alternative embodiment of the present invention, the viral disease control agent comprises any one of amino-oligosaccharin, moroxydine-copper acetate or mixed lipid-copper sulfate or a combination of at least two thereof;
the amino-oligosaccharin can be 2% of 500-600 times of haplophor (amino-oligosaccharin aqueous solution), the moroxydine-copper acetate can be 20% of 500-700 times of moroxydine (moroxydine-copper acetate wettable powder), and the mixed fat-copper sulfate can be 8% of 500-1000 times of mixed fat-copper sulfate aqueous emulsion.
As an alternative embodiment of the invention, the bacterial control agent comprises streptomycin for agricultural use. The agricultural streptomycin can be 3500-5000 times of 72% agricultural streptomycin liquid.
According to the second aspect of the invention, the invention also provides application of the post-disaster treatment method for the flood disasters of the flue-cured tobacco. In view of the advantages of the flue-cured tobacco flood disaster post-disaster treatment method, the method provides a certain reference and guidance for the planting and production of the flue-cured tobacco.
The present invention will be further described with reference to specific examples and comparative examples.
Experiment set 1
In order to examine the influence of different post-disaster treatment methods on the flue-cured tobaccos in different growth periods under the condition of moderate flooding disasters, the following examples 1-4 and comparative examples 1-4 are specially designed. Wherein, the flue-cured tobacco conditions in examples 1-4 and comparative examples 1-4 are specifically shown in table 1:
TABLE 1
Example 1
Under the condition of moderate flood disasters, the embodiment provides a post-disaster treatment method of the flood disasters of flue-cured tobacco, which comprises the following steps,
(a1) Removing accumulated water in the tobacco field, supporting tobacco plants, washing tobacco leaves, intertillage and loosening soil;
(a2) Applying additional fertilizer;
the tobacco plant (A1) in the root extension period is additionally applied with the special additional fertilizer (N-P) for tobacco on the basis of the original additional fertilizer 2 O 5 -K 2 O11-0-31) 10 kg/mu, applying Tiancika potassium foliar fertilizer 150 g/mu, and applying ABT rooting powder soluble powder (30% of indoleacetic acid and 20% of naphthylacetic acid) 1 g/mu;
(a3) Preventing and treating diseases and pests
The broad-spectrum antibacterial agent thiophanate methyl, the viral disease prevention and control agent and the bacterial prevention and control agent agricultural streptomycin 3 agents are respectively sprayed once to eradicate the weeds in the field.
Example 2
In the case of moderate flood disaster, this example provides a post-disaster treatment method for flue-cured tobacco flood disaster, which is the same as example 1 except that (A2) is a method of applying additional fertilizer to the tobacco plant (A2) in the bulk stage.
Example 3
Under the condition of moderate flood disasters, the embodiment provides a flue-cured tobacco flood disaster post-treatment method, which is the same as the embodiment 1 except that the tobacco plant (A3) which is vigorous for a long time is subjected to supplementary fertilization in the step (a 2).
Example 4
In the case of moderate flood disaster, this embodiment provides a post-disaster treatment method for flue-cured tobacco flood disaster, which is the same as that in embodiment 1 except that (a 2) the tobacco plant (A4) in the mature period is applied with additional fertilizer.
Comparative examples 1 to 4
In the case of moderate flood disasters, comparative examples 1 to 4 respectively provide a post-disaster treatment method for the flood disasters of the flue-cured tobacco, and the method is the same as the method in examples 1 to 4 except that the step (a 2) of additional fertilization (namely, no additional fertilization and no foliar fertilizer and rooting powder) is not carried out.
The influence of the post-disaster treatment methods of the flood disasters of the flue-cured tobaccos, which are provided in the examples 1 to 4 and the comparative examples 1 to 4, on the flue-cured tobaccos is examined from the aspects of root activity, morbidity, agronomic characters, economic characters and the like of tobacco plants. The TTC method is adopted for measuring the root system activity, the disease incidence investigation refers to the national standard GB/T23222-2008 tobacco pest and disease damage grading and investigation method, the agronomic character measurement refers to the tobacco industry standard YC/T142-2010 tobacco agronomic character investigation and measurement method, and specific results are shown in tables 2-5.
TABLE 2 root activity of tobacco plants 7 days after flooding treatment
| Experimental groups | Root system activity (mg/g. H) |
| Example 1 | 0.048 |
| Example 2 | 0.064 |
| Example 3 | 0.070 |
| Example 4 | 0.054 |
| Comparative example 1 | 0.019 |
| Comparative example 2 | 0.033 |
| Comparative example 3 | 0.030 |
| Comparative example 4 | 0.032 |
TABLE 3 tobacco plant incidence 7 days after flooding treatment
TABLE 4 agronomic traits 7 days after topping of tobacco plants
TABLE 5 economic traits
As can be seen from the data in table 2, under the condition of moderate flooding disasters, the root activity of the tobacco plant is obviously improved after the flue-cured tobacco flood disaster post-treatment method provided in the embodiments 1 to 4 of the present invention is adopted, while the root activity of the tobacco plant is obviously reduced after the flue-cured tobacco flood disaster post-treatment method provided in the comparative examples 1 to 4 is adopted. Therefore, after the tobacco plant is subjected to moderate flood disasters, the root activity of the tobacco plant can be improved by applying additional fertilizer, so that the growth and development of the flue-cured tobacco can be gradually recovered, and the influence of flooding on the growth and development of the flue-cured tobacco is obviously reduced.
After the tobacco plants are subjected to moderate flooding disasters, diseases of different degrees occur. Different flue-cured tobacco flood disaster post-disaster treatment methods are adopted for treatment, and the disease degrees are different. As can be seen from the data in Table 3, the incidence of tobacco plants after the post-disaster treatment method of the flue-cured tobacco flood disasters provided in examples 1 to 4 including the additional fertilization step is significantly lower than that of the tobacco plants of comparative examples 1 to 4 without the additional fertilization step.
Meanwhile, as can be seen from the data in tables 4 and 5, the overall growth and development and economic properties of the tobacco plants treated by the post-disaster treatment method for the flood disasters of the flue-cured tobaccos, which is provided in the embodiments 1 to 4, are better than those of the comparative examples 1 to 4.
Experiment group two
In order to examine the influence of different post-disaster treatment methods on flue-cured tobacco in the mature period under the conditions of different flooding disasters, the following examples 5-7 and comparative examples 5-7 are specially designed.
The flue-cured tobacco variety selected in examples 5-7 and comparative examples 5-7 is Yunyan 87, the soil type is yellow soil and clay, the experimental place is carried out in Gaotang village in Zhengtang town of Yonxing Ganjia, the tobacco field management measures are carried out according to the production technical regulations of high-quality tobacco leaves in Chenzhou city, and top pruning is carried out when a central flower is opened uniformly. The disaster time of the tobacco field is 6 months and 10 days.
Example 5 mild flood disaster situation
The embodiment provides a post-disaster treatment method of flood disasters of flue-cured tobacco, which comprises the following steps,
(a1) Removing accumulated water in the tobacco field, removing waterlogging, strengthening tobacco plants, flushing the tobacco leaves with 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution, intertilling and loosening the soil;
(a2) Applying additional fertilizer;
under the condition of mild flooding disasters, tobacco plants in the mature period are tracedOn the basis of fertilizer, additional application of special additional fertilizer (N-P) for tobacco 2 O 5 -K 2 O11-0-31) 10 kg/mu, applying 150 g/mu of Tiancika potassium foliar fertilizer, and applying 1 g/mu of ABT rooting powder soluble powder (30% of indoleacetic acid and 20% of naphthylacetic acid);
(a3) Preventing and treating diseases and pests
The broad-spectrum antibacterial agent thiophanate methyl, the viral disease prevention and control agent and the bacterial prevention and control agent agricultural streptomycin 3 agents are respectively sprayed once to eradicate the weeds in the field.
Example 6 moderate flood disaster situation
The embodiment provides a post-disaster treatment method for flood disasters of flue-cured tobacco, which comprises the following steps,
(a1) Removing accumulated water in the tobacco field, removing waterlogging, strengthening tobacco plants, flushing the tobacco leaves with 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution, intertilling and loosening the soil;
(a2) Applying additional fertilizer;
under the condition of moderate flood disasters, the tobacco plants in the mature period are additionally fertilized with special additional fertilizer (N-P) for tobacco on the basis of the original additional fertilizer 2 O 5 -K 2 O11-0-31) 10 kg/mu, applying 150 g/mu of Tiancika potassium foliar fertilizer, and applying 1 g/mu of ABT rooting powder soluble powder (30% of indoleacetic acid and 20% of naphthylacetic acid);
(a3) Preventing and controlling diseases and pests
The broad-spectrum antibacterial agent thiophanate methyl, the virus disease control medicament and the bacterial control medicament agricultural streptomycin 3 medicaments are respectively sprayed once to eradicate weeds in fields.
Example 7 severe flood disaster situation
The embodiment provides a post-disaster treatment method for flood disasters of flue-cured tobacco, which comprises the following steps,
(a1) Removing accumulated water in the tobacco field, removing waterlogging, strengthening tobacco plants, flushing the tobacco leaves with 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution, intertilling and loosening the soil;
(a2) Applying additional fertilizer;
under the condition of severe flood disasters, the tobacco plants in the mature period are additionally fertilized with special additional fertilizer (N-P) for tobacco on the basis of the original additional fertilizer 2 O 5 -K 2 O11-0-31) 10 kg/mu, applying 150 g/mu of Tiancika potassium foliar fertilizer, and applying 1 g/mu of ABT rooting powder soluble powder (30% of indoleacetic acid and 20% of naphthylacetic acid);
(a3) Preventing and treating diseases and pests
The broad-spectrum antibacterial agent thiophanate methyl, the viral disease prevention and control agent and the bacterial prevention and control agent agricultural streptomycin 3 agents are respectively sprayed once to eradicate the weeds in the field.
Comparative examples 5 to 7
Comparative examples 5 to 7 provide a post-flood treatment method for flue-cured tobacco, which is the same as that in examples 5 to 7, respectively, except that the additional fertilizer (a 2) is not applied.
The influence of the post-disaster treatment methods for the flood disasters of the flue-cured tobaccos, which are provided in examples 5-7 and comparative examples 5-7, on the flue-cured tobaccos is examined from the breeding time, the agronomic characters of tobacco plants in the mature period, the appearance quality characters of the flue-cured tobaccos and the economic characters in each period, and is specifically shown in tables 6-9.
TABLE 6 growth time of tobacco leaves in each period
TABLE 7 agronomic traits 7 days after topping of tobacco plants
TABLE 8 appearance quality Properties
TABLE 9 economic traits
Specifically, as can be seen from the data in table 6, the lower leaves after flooding are harvested all at once, the field growth period of the example 5, the example 6 and the example 7 is prolonged by about 5 days compared with the field growth period of the comparative example 5, the comparative example 6 and the comparative example 7 of the respective control experiments, and the field maturity resistance of the treated fresh tobacco is improved.
As can be seen from the data in Table 7, the agronomic traits of the flue-cured tobaccos in the examples 5 and 6, such as plant height, waist leaf length and width, tend to decrease according to the degree of disaster, such as light, medium and heavy disasters, the influence of leaf number is obvious, and the differences of other traits are not obvious.
As shown in table 8, the cured tobaccos of examples 5 and 6 are slightly superior to those of example 7 in terms of maturity, color, gloss, oil content, leaf structure, leaf thickness, and the like, and the cured tobaccos of examples 5 and 6 are slightly superior to those of corresponding comparative control experiments 5 and 7.
From table 9, it is known that examples 5 to 7 all have a certain improvement on economic traits of flue-cured tobacco, and are more remarkable than examples 5 and 6, and the acre yield value and the single leaf weight are higher than examples 5 and 6, and other indexes such as the first-class tobacco ratio are better than those of comparative examples 5 and 6 in comprehensive comparison, and the advantage of example 7 is not obvious compared with that of corresponding comparative example 7.
As can be seen from the data in tables 6 to 9, after the flue-cured tobacco in the mature period is subjected to remediation treatment by the flue-cured tobacco flood disaster post-treatment method provided by each embodiment 5 to 7 of the invention, the agronomic characters, the appearance quality and the economic characters of the original flue-cured tobacco are better than those of the flue-cured tobacco in the proportion of 5 to 7, wherein the remediation effect of the flue-cured tobacco in the light and middle disaster tobacco fields in the mature period is obvious after the disaster, and the yield of the light and middle disaster tobacco fields adopting the remediation measures is respectively increased by 123.88 yuan/mu and 441.91 yuan/mu compared with the tobacco fields in the control area; in the tobacco fields with serious disasters, the effect of adopting remedial measures after the disasters is not obvious.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and these modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A post-disaster treatment method for flood disasters of flue-cured tobacco is characterized in that post-disaster treatment is carried out according to different disaster-suffering degrees and different growth periods of the flue-cured tobacco, and comprises the following steps:
(A) Under the conditions of mild flood disaster and moderate flood disaster
(a1) Removing accumulated water in the tobacco field, supporting tobacco plants, washing tobacco leaves, intertillage and loosening soil;
(a2) Applying additional fertilizer;
under the condition of slight flood disasters, topdressing is carried out on tobacco plants in the root extending period for 10-12 kg/mu, and rooting powder is applied for 0.8-1.2 g/mu; applying additional fertilizer 5-6 kg/mu, applying leaf fertilizer 150-250 g/mu and applying rooting powder 0.8-1.2 g/mu to tobacco plants in the growing period and the growing period; applying 100-150 g/mu of foliar fertilizer and 0.8-1.2 g/mu of rooting powder to tobacco plants in the mature period;
under the condition of moderate flood disasters, applying topdressing 10-12 kg/mu, applying foliar fertilizer 150-250 g/mu and applying rooting powder 1.8-2.0 g/mu to tobacco plants in the root extension stage, the root growing stage and the vigorous growth stage; applying additional fertilizer 5-6 kg/mu, applying foliar fertilizer 200-250 g/mu and applying rooting powder 1.8-2.0 g/mu to tobacco plants in the mature period;
nutrient content N-P in fertilizer for additional application and topdressing 2 O 5 -K 2 O is (9-11) - (0) - (29-31); (a 3) preventing and controlling diseases and pests;
(B) In case of severe flood disasters
Selecting standby tobacco seedlings for tobacco plants in the root extending period and before, and transplanting again in time;
for tobacco plants in the bulk stage and the vigorous stage, the tobacco covering and flooding time is more than or equal to 10 hours, the production is abandoned, and other crops are changed; covering the tobacco leaves with water for less than 10 hours, and treating by adopting the treatment method under the condition of moderate flooding disaster in the step (A);
covering tobacco leaves with flooding water for more than or equal to 6 hours on tobacco plants in the mature period, and abandoning the harvesting and curing of the flooding covered tobacco leaves; the tobacco leaves are not covered with the flooding water or the flooding time is less than 6 hours, and a treatment method under the moderate flooding disaster condition in the step (A) is adopted;
(C) In case of extreme flooding disasters
Abandoning production and changing to other crops.
2. The post-disaster treatment method for flood disasters of flue-cured tobacco according to claim 1, characterized in that the nutrient content N-P in the fertilizer for additional fertilization 2 O 5 -K 2 O is 10-0-30.
3. The post-disaster treatment method for flood disasters of flue-cured tobacco according to claim 1, characterized in that the foliar fertilizer comprises a potassium-containing foliar fertilizer.
4. The post-disaster treatment method for flood disasters of flue-cured tobacco according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of the rooting powder in an aqueous solution of the rooting powder is 8-12mg/kg, and the application amount is 100-200 mL/plant.
5. The post-disaster treatment method of flood disasters of flue-cured tobacco according to claim 1, wherein (a 3) diseases and pests prevention and control agents include broad-spectrum preventive bactericides, viral disease prevention and control agents and bacterial prevention and control agents.
6. The post-disaster treatment method of flood disasters of flue-cured tobacco according to claim 5, wherein the broad-spectrum preventive fungicide comprises zineb and/or bordeaux.
7. The post-disaster treatment method of flue-cured tobacco flood disasters according to claim 5, characterized in that the virosis control agent comprises any one or a combination of at least two of amino-oligosaccharin, moroxydine-cupric acetate or mixed lipid-cupric sulfate.
8. The post-disaster treatment method for flood disasters of cured tobacco according to claim 5, wherein the bacterial control agent comprises agricultural streptomycin.
9. The post-disaster treatment method for the flood disasters of the flue-cured tobacco according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the flood disasters are classified into the following grades according to the influence of the flood disasters on the death and damage rates of tobacco plants:
the death rate of tobacco plants is less than 30 percent due to slight flood disasters;
in case of moderate flood disasters, the death rate of tobacco plants is 30-50%;
the death rate of tobacco plants is 50 to 80 percent due to severe flood disasters;
the death rate of tobacco plants is more than 80 percent when the tobacco plants are subjected to severe flooding disasters.
10. Use of the post-disaster treatment method of flood disasters of flue-cured tobacco according to any one of claims 1 to 9 in the planting production of flue-cured tobacco.
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